Solomon O. Olorunleke, O. J. Okorie-Kanu, J. A. Nwanta, K. Chah
The spread of cefotaxime-resistant (CTX-R) Enterobacteriaceae in food animals constitutes a serious public health risk especially to humans in close proximity. We determined the point prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of CTX-R Enterobacteriaceae among food animals and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. A total of 1,440 animals (cattle – 416, chicken – 296, goat – 287, pig – 283, sheep – 158) faecal and 406 human hand swab samples were randomly collected, enriched in peptone broth overnight and the Enterobacteriaceae were isolated on cefotaxime (5μg/ml) supplemented MacConkey agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed on 430 randomly selected isolates from Abia (124), Ebonyi (170), and Enugu (145). The overall point prevalence of CTX-R Enterobacteriaceae in Southeast Nigeria was 84% (1549/1846) while the rates ranged between 76 ± 2.0% (95% CI 72 – 80%) to 88 ± 1.8 % (95% CI 84 – 91%) among the five states. All the 430 isolates subjected to AST were resistant to cefotaxime, ampicillin, and aztreonam while 91%, 80%, 76%, and 66% were resistant to ceftazidime, sulfamethoxazole /trimethoprim, tetracycline, and streptomycin respectively. Less than 40% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, meropenem, and ofloxacin. The predominant resistance pattern in this study was ceftazidime-cefotaxime-aztreonam-ampicillin-streptomycin sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim-tetracycline. The resistances observed among the isolates varied between abattoir, animal market and farms isolates. However, over 96% of the isolates had a multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) greater than 0.2, indicating a high-risk source of contamination.
耐头孢噻肟肠杆菌科(CTX-R)在食用动物中的传播构成严重的公共卫生风险，特别是对近距离接触的人类。我们测定了尼日利亚东南部食用动物和接触者中CTX-R肠杆菌科细菌的点流行率和耐药谱。随机收集1440只动物(牛416只、鸡296只、山羊287只、猪283只、绵羊158只)的粪便和406只人的手拭子，经蛋白胨肉汤富集过夜，在添加了头孢噻肟(5μg/ml)的麦康基琼脂培养基上分离肠杆菌科。对从Abia(124株)、Ebonyi(170株)和Enugu(145株)中随机抽取的430株进行了药敏试验(AST)。尼日利亚东南部CTX-R肠杆菌科总点位患病率为84%(1549/1846)，5个州的总体点位患病率为76±2.0% (95% CI 72 ~ 80%) ~ 88±1.8% (95% CI 84 ~ 91%)。经AST治疗的430株菌株对头孢噻肟、氨苄西林和氨曲南均耐药，对头孢他啶、磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶、四环素和链霉素分别耐药91%、80%、76%和66%。不到40%的分离株对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、环丙沙星、庆大霉素、诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、美罗培南和氧氟沙星耐药。本研究的主要耐药模式为头孢他啶-头孢噻肟-氨曲南-氨苄西林-链霉素-磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄嘧啶-四环素。在屠宰场、动物市场和农场分离株中观察到的抗性各不相同。然而，超过96%的分离株多重抗生素耐药指数(MARI)大于0.2，表明其为高风险污染源。
{"title":"Point Prevalence and Antibiogram of Cefotaxime-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Food Animals and In-Contact Humans at Abattoirs, Animal Market, and Farms in Southeast, Nigeria","authors":"Solomon O. Olorunleke, O. J. Okorie-Kanu, J. A. Nwanta, K. Chah","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of cefotaxime-resistant (CTX-R) Enterobacteriaceae in food animals constitutes a serious public health risk especially to humans in close proximity. We determined the point prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of CTX-R Enterobacteriaceae among food animals and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. A total of 1,440 animals (cattle – 416, chicken – 296, goat – 287, pig – 283, sheep – 158) faecal and 406 human hand swab samples were randomly collected, enriched in peptone broth overnight and the Enterobacteriaceae were isolated on cefotaxime (5μg/ml) supplemented MacConkey agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed on 430 randomly selected isolates from Abia (124), Ebonyi (170), and Enugu (145). The overall point prevalence of CTX-R Enterobacteriaceae in Southeast Nigeria was 84% (1549/1846) while the rates ranged between 76 ± 2.0% (95% CI 72 – 80%) to 88 ± 1.8 % (95% CI 84 – 91%) among the five states. All the 430 isolates subjected to AST were resistant to cefotaxime, ampicillin, and aztreonam while 91%, 80%, 76%, and 66% were resistant to ceftazidime, sulfamethoxazole /trimethoprim, tetracycline, and streptomycin respectively. Less than 40% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, meropenem, and ofloxacin. The predominant resistance pattern in this study was ceftazidime-cefotaxime-aztreonam-ampicillin-streptomycin sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim-tetracycline. The resistances observed among the isolates varied between abattoir, animal market and farms isolates. However, over 96% of the isolates had a multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) greater than 0.2, indicating a high-risk source of contamination.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85105021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aluminium in recent times has been considered a possible risk factor in some diseases in humans, animals and plants, and exposure to aluminium may pose a health hazard. Studies have pointed to the fact that increasing acidification of the environment has made aluminium more bio-available and therefore, able to cause disturbances in the function of human and animal organisms. More importantly also, is the use of aluminium as based adjuvants in human vaccinations, and its fate being unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate histochemical stains currently used to detect Al in tissue samples for their sensitivity using agar blocks as a preliminary study to validate the Walton histological stain use in detecting aluminium toxicity in fish. Visual estimation (colour change and staining intensity) of aluminium-stained sections using the Solochrome Azurine stain (ASA), Walton stain, and the modified haematoxylin were carried out. All three stains indicated the presence or absence of aluminium through colour changes, but the ASA gave more distinct dose- response intensity in staining.
{"title":"Evaluating Three Histochemical Stains (Solochrome Azurine Stain (Asa), Walton Stain, and Modified Hematoxylin) used in Tissue Aluminium Detection.","authors":"O. Iji, J. Myburgh, P. Mokonoto, L. McGaw","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium in recent times has been considered a possible risk factor in some diseases in humans, animals and plants, and exposure to aluminium may pose a health hazard. Studies have pointed to the fact that increasing acidification of the environment has made aluminium more bio-available and therefore, able to cause disturbances in the function of human and animal organisms. More importantly also, is the use of aluminium as based adjuvants in human vaccinations, and its fate being unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate histochemical stains currently used to detect Al in tissue samples for their sensitivity using agar blocks as a preliminary study to validate the Walton histological stain use in detecting aluminium toxicity in fish. Visual estimation (colour change and staining intensity) of aluminium-stained sections using the Solochrome Azurine stain (ASA), Walton stain, and the modified haematoxylin were carried out. All three stains indicated the presence or absence of aluminium through colour changes, but the ASA gave more distinct dose- response intensity in staining.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77532033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Study was aimed at determining prepartum and postpartum transrectal palpability of segments of internal genitalia of Red Sokoto Goat (RSG) does using digital rectal palpation technique. Weekly transrectal palpation of 50 does was performed prepartum for nine weeks using digital rectal palpation (DRP) technique with index finger to determine prepartum transrectal palpability. Transrectal measurement of width and length of genital segments was carried out on 26 does using DRP technique with index finger that had predetermined width and length. Twenty eight does that were cycling and with normal reproductive tract were selected and divided into artificial insemination (n = 14) and natural service (n = 14) groups indicating the method of breeding used. Body condition score (BCS) was measured. Determination of postpartum transrectal palpability and measurement of width and length of genital segments was performed on 26 does that kidded using DRP technique with index finger that had predetermined width and length. Evaluation was carried out on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 postpartum to palpate, measure genital segments and assess uterine involution. Length of index finger was 9.0 cm. Prepartum palpability of vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct and ovary was 449 (100%), 433 (96.4%), 401 (89.3%), 0 (0.0%) and 207 (46.2%), respectively. Detection of uterus and ovary decreased with increasing BCS with P < 0.05 association. Mean values for width and length of uterus was 2.67 ± 0.25 cm and 5.22 ± 0.49 cm, respectively. Postpartum palpability of vagina, cervix and uterus was 104 (100%) day 7, 14, 21 and 28. Width and length of uterus on day 28 postpartum was 2.70 ± 0.08 cm and 6.21 ± 0.60 cm, respectively. Conclusion: vagina, cervix, uterus and ovary were transrectally palpable prepartum and postpartum using DRP technique with index finger; postpartum width and length of uterus on day 28 indicate completion of postpartum uterine involution in RSG does.
{"title":"Prepartum and Postpartum Evaluation of Internal Genitalia of Red Sokoto Goat Does Using Digital Rectal Palpation Technique","authors":"A. A. Bello, Jr.A.A. Voh, D. Ogwu, J. Ayo","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Study was aimed at determining prepartum and postpartum transrectal palpability of segments of internal genitalia of Red Sokoto Goat (RSG) does using digital rectal palpation technique. Weekly transrectal palpation of 50 does was performed prepartum for nine weeks using digital rectal palpation (DRP) technique with index finger to determine prepartum transrectal palpability. Transrectal measurement of width and length of genital segments was carried out on 26 does using DRP technique with index finger that had predetermined width and length. Twenty eight does that were cycling and with normal reproductive tract were selected and divided into artificial insemination (n = 14) and natural service (n = 14) groups indicating the method of breeding used. Body condition score (BCS) was measured. Determination of postpartum transrectal palpability and measurement of width and length of genital segments was performed on 26 does that kidded using DRP technique with index finger that had predetermined width and length. Evaluation was carried out on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 postpartum to palpate, measure genital segments and assess uterine involution. Length of index finger was 9.0 cm. Prepartum palpability of vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct and ovary was 449 (100%), 433 (96.4%), 401 (89.3%), 0 (0.0%) and 207 (46.2%), respectively. Detection of uterus and ovary decreased with increasing BCS with P < 0.05 association. Mean values for width and length of uterus was 2.67 ± 0.25 cm and 5.22 ± 0.49 cm, respectively. Postpartum palpability of vagina, cervix and uterus was 104 (100%) day 7, 14, 21 and 28. Width and length of uterus on day 28 postpartum was 2.70 ± 0.08 cm and 6.21 ± 0.60 cm, respectively. Conclusion: vagina, cervix, uterus and ovary were transrectally palpable prepartum and postpartum using DRP technique with index finger; postpartum width and length of uterus on day 28 indicate completion of postpartum uterine involution in RSG does.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78386634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Oyetayo, D.S. Kodie, O. S. Awoyemi, O. Afolabi, O. Eyarefe, B. Emikpe
Gastric and intestinal ulceration with or without perforation poses a global health challenge in both human and animal populations. In animal species, it is often associated with patients presenting with hematemesis, abdominal pain, melena and anorexia, with erratic vomiting. The definitive diagnoses with imaging modalities are less feasible in poor resource settings due to lack of adequate facilities. This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of gastric and intestinal ulcers in companion and exotic animal patients presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between 2009 and 2019 using hospital case records. Thirty-six cases of gastric and intestinal ulcer were recorded. They were mostly in canine (80.55%), few in exotic species [2 monkeys (5.55%), 1 lion (2.78%), 1 gazelle (2.78%), 1 dwarf crocodile (2.78%) and 1 fox (2.78%)] and one in an unspecified species (2.78%). Females (47.22%) and older animals (>1 year/69.45%) had higher occurrence than males (38.89%) and younger animals (<1 year/19.44%). All the patients were diagnosed with different pre-existing systemic conditions including: leptospirosis (19 cases/52.78%), chronic malnutrition (7 cases/19.44%), ehrlichiosis (2 cases/5.56%), trypanosomosis (2 cases/5.56%), babesiosis (2 cases/5.56%), hepatic tumor (1 case/2.78%), infectious canine hepatitis (1 case/2.78%), canine acute renal failure (1 case/2.78%) and granulomatous pneumonia (1 case/2.78%). There is therefore need to institute gastric and intestinal ulcer preventive and curative measures while treating predisposing primary disease conditions.
{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Gastric and Intestinal Ulcers in Companion and Exotic Animal Patients at a University Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Nigeria – A Preliminary Report","authors":"N. Oyetayo, D.S. Kodie, O. S. Awoyemi, O. Afolabi, O. Eyarefe, B. Emikpe","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric and intestinal ulceration with or without perforation poses a global health challenge in both human and animal populations. In animal species, it is often associated with patients presenting with hematemesis, abdominal pain, melena and anorexia, with erratic vomiting. The definitive diagnoses with imaging modalities are less feasible in poor resource settings due to lack of adequate facilities. This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of gastric and intestinal ulcers in companion and exotic animal patients presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between 2009 and 2019 using hospital case records. Thirty-six cases of gastric and intestinal ulcer were recorded. They were mostly in canine (80.55%), few in exotic species [2 monkeys (5.55%), 1 lion (2.78%), 1 gazelle (2.78%), 1 dwarf crocodile (2.78%) and 1 fox (2.78%)] and one in an unspecified species (2.78%). Females (47.22%) and older animals (>1 year/69.45%) had higher occurrence than males (38.89%) and younger animals (<1 year/19.44%). All the patients were diagnosed with different pre-existing systemic conditions including: leptospirosis (19 cases/52.78%), chronic malnutrition (7 cases/19.44%), ehrlichiosis (2 cases/5.56%), trypanosomosis (2 cases/5.56%), babesiosis (2 cases/5.56%), hepatic tumor (1 case/2.78%), infectious canine hepatitis (1 case/2.78%), canine acute renal failure (1 case/2.78%) and granulomatous pneumonia (1 case/2.78%). There is therefore need to institute gastric and intestinal ulcer preventive and curative measures while treating predisposing primary disease conditions.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81159023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dermatophytosis is a contagious, zoonotic skin disease affecting a variety of domestic and wild animals including man. It is caused by a group of morphologically and physiologically related fungi in the Genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton-Trichophyton mentagrophytes was responsible for dermatophytosis on an 8-month-old Friesian-Bunaji cross bred calf in Jos, Nigeria. The diagnosis was based on clinical signs, direct microscopy and isolation of aetiologic agent on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. The lesions involving the face, muzzle and jaw were circular, alopecic, thickly crusted, and grayish-white raised above the skin. Direct microscopic examination of skin scrapings and hair pullouts in 10%KOH revealed chains of arthroconidia on the surface of infected hairs. Colonies were flat, white, and granular to fluffy with yellow reverse side. The isolate was urease test positive when inoculated on to Christensen’s urea agar. Microscopically, many spherical microconidia arranged in dense grape-like clusters with few multiseptate, thin and smooth walled macroconidia, typical of Trichophyton mentagrophytes were observed. Bovine dermatophytosis is economically important both in the livestock and leather industries as well as in public health. The need for prompt diagnosis and treatment of infected animals as preventive and control measures was emphasized.
{"title":"Dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton Mentagrophytes in an 8-month-old Friesian-Bunaji cross-breed Calf in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Dalis, Haruna Haruna, J. Kwaga, C. Kwanashie","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v41i4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v41i4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Dermatophytosis is a contagious, zoonotic skin disease affecting a variety of domestic and wild animals including man. It is caused by a group of morphologically and physiologically related fungi in the Genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton-Trichophyton mentagrophytes was responsible for dermatophytosis on an 8-month-old Friesian-Bunaji cross bred calf in Jos, Nigeria. The diagnosis was based on clinical signs, direct microscopy and isolation of aetiologic agent on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. The lesions involving the face, muzzle and jaw were circular, alopecic, thickly crusted, and grayish-white raised above the skin. Direct microscopic examination of skin scrapings and hair pullouts in 10%KOH revealed chains of arthroconidia on the surface of infected hairs. Colonies were flat, white, and granular to fluffy with yellow reverse side. The isolate was urease test positive when inoculated on to Christensen’s urea agar. Microscopically, many spherical microconidia arranged in dense grape-like clusters with few multiseptate, thin and smooth walled macroconidia, typical of Trichophyton mentagrophytes were observed. Bovine dermatophytosis is economically important both in the livestock and leather industries as well as in public health. The need for prompt diagnosis and treatment of infected animals as preventive and control measures was emphasized.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87612968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Okwelum, O. Onagbesan, A. Akinkuotu, M. Bemji, J. Daramola, O. Osinowo, O. Onwuka
African animal trypanosomosis is an important livestock disease in Nigeria which is considered as a threat to the on-going effort on poverty alleviation in the continent. The disease is caused by several Trypanosoma species which are protozoan parasites transmitted by tsetse. Trypanosomosis is characterized by tissue injury including overwhelming activation of Classical Myeloid cells that results in destruction of the liver and uncontrolled parasite growth. Reduction in production and sometimes death are disease sequella. Hence, proper surveillance of the disease using a sensitive tool is very necessary for monitoring and control of trypanosomosis. Therefore this study concentrated on providing knowledge on the true infection rate of Trypanosoma congolense “forest type” and its effect on body weight and haematological parameters. Blood sample was collected from 180 cattle, DNA was extracted and PCR technique was adopted for prevalence study. Haematological analysis was carried out using Auto-haemo-analyser. Data generated were analysed using SAS statistical package. A prevalence rate of 91.67% was recorded. There were significant (p<0.05) differences between Body-weight, Red Blood Cell count, Mean Corpuscular Volume and Monocyte number of infected and un-infected cattle. The haematology reveals that hosts were able to respond to anaemia compensatorily as perceived in the macro-cytic, normo-chromic status of the peripheral blood erythrocytic generation. The study concluded that the true prevalence of trypanosome infection is high and has both epidemiological and economic importance. This study `provides information that could facilitate future monitoring and control of the disease in the study area.
{"title":"Molecular Survey of Trypanosoma congolense “Forest-Type” in Nigerian Cattle","authors":"N. Okwelum, O. Onagbesan, A. Akinkuotu, M. Bemji, J. Daramola, O. Osinowo, O. Onwuka","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"African animal trypanosomosis is an important livestock disease in Nigeria which is considered as a threat to the on-going effort on poverty alleviation in the continent. The disease is caused by several Trypanosoma species which are protozoan parasites transmitted by tsetse. Trypanosomosis is characterized by tissue injury including overwhelming activation of Classical Myeloid cells that results in destruction of the liver and uncontrolled parasite growth. Reduction in production and sometimes death are disease sequella. Hence, proper surveillance of the disease using a sensitive tool is very necessary for monitoring and control of trypanosomosis. Therefore this study concentrated on providing knowledge on the true infection rate of Trypanosoma congolense “forest type” and its effect on body weight and haematological parameters. Blood sample was collected from 180 cattle, DNA was extracted and PCR technique was adopted for prevalence study. Haematological analysis was carried out using Auto-haemo-analyser. Data generated were analysed using SAS statistical package. A prevalence rate of 91.67% was recorded. There were significant (p<0.05) differences between Body-weight, Red Blood Cell count, Mean Corpuscular Volume and Monocyte number of infected and un-infected cattle. The haematology reveals that hosts were able to respond to anaemia compensatorily as perceived in the macro-cytic, normo-chromic status of the peripheral blood erythrocytic generation. The study concluded that the true prevalence of trypanosome infection is high and has both epidemiological and economic importance. This study `provides information that could facilitate future monitoring and control of the disease in the study area.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84220822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bappah, A. A. Bada, S. Muhammad, M. Lawal, G.A. Aminu, S. Muhammad
A 1-year-old German Shepherd cross-bred bitch was diagnosed with cystic endometrial hyperplasia - pyometra complex and commenced treatment without detection of gestational sacs using ultrasound, until the bitch aborted two stillbirths and one live preterm puppies 12 hours after ultrasonographic examination and 36 hours after commencement of treatment. Gestation should not be ruled out immediately after ultrasonographic diagnosis of pyometra in bitches.
{"title":"Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Simultaneous Pyometra with Gestation in a Bitch: A Diagnostic Challenge","authors":"M. Bappah, A. A. Bada, S. Muhammad, M. Lawal, G.A. Aminu, S. Muhammad","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"A 1-year-old German Shepherd cross-bred bitch was diagnosed with cystic endometrial hyperplasia - pyometra complex and commenced treatment without detection of gestational sacs using ultrasound, until the bitch aborted two stillbirths and one live preterm puppies 12 hours after ultrasonographic examination and 36 hours after commencement of treatment. Gestation should not be ruled out immediately after ultrasonographic diagnosis of pyometra in bitches.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75521603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The global community aims to eliminate human deaths from dog mediated Rabies by 2030. For Nigeria, a rabies endemic country to join the list of countries that have successfully eliminated rabies, there is need for more risk factor studies that addresses her peculiar environment. This study identifies risk factors responsible for rabies cases in Zamfara, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was carried out among dog owners in Zamfara State by administering questionnaires. Seventy questionnaires were administered directly to dog owners across fourteen Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Zamfara state to identify the possible risk factors and IBM SPSS 21 was used to determine the relative risk of Canine Rabies incidence across the state when exposed to each of the identified risk factors. The knowledge of rabies is very poor (17%) among the dog owners, with only 9% of the total respondents that were able to describe the clinical signs and symptoms of the disease in dogs. Only 5% of the respondents have record of previous vaccination of their dogs against Rabies. Extensive system of management increased the risk of the disease among dogs of the state by 80% and caused its spread from infected to un-infected dogs. Risk factors identified could be likely hindrances to eradicating Canine Rabies in the State. It is hoped that results of this study will encourage other States to carry out similar investigation to aid understanding the sustenance dynamics of the disease.
{"title":"Risk Factors Responsible for Canine Rabies in Zamfara State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Ijoma, I. Ahmad, I. A. Waziri, SM.B. Bolajoko","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The global community aims to eliminate human deaths from dog mediated Rabies by 2030. For Nigeria, a rabies endemic country to join the list of countries that have successfully eliminated rabies, there is need for more risk factor studies that addresses her peculiar environment. This study identifies risk factors responsible for rabies cases in Zamfara, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was carried out among dog owners in Zamfara State by administering questionnaires. Seventy questionnaires were administered directly to dog owners across fourteen Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Zamfara state to identify the possible risk factors and IBM SPSS 21 was used to determine the relative risk of Canine Rabies incidence across the state when exposed to each of the identified risk factors. The knowledge of rabies is very poor (17%) among the dog owners, with only 9% of the total respondents that were able to describe the clinical signs and symptoms of the disease in dogs. Only 5% of the respondents have record of previous vaccination of their dogs against Rabies. Extensive system of management increased the risk of the disease among dogs of the state by 80% and caused its spread from infected to un-infected dogs. Risk factors identified could be likely hindrances to eradicating Canine Rabies in the State. It is hoped that results of this study will encourage other States to carry out similar investigation to aid understanding the sustenance dynamics of the disease.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91530290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Canine rabies is endemic in Nigeria as evident by several reports, however, it is a vaccine preventable disease in both animals and man. Dog owners’ knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) toward rabies is instrumental to a successful rabies prevention and control measures against transmission. This study determined the prevalence of rabies antibodies in owned dogs and assessed KAPof dog owners toward rabies in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria in a cross sectional study conducted between January, 2019 and March, 2019. Sera from 100 dog blood samples were collected but only 92 samples were subjected to Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using Rabies Virus IgG Ab (DEMEDITEC Diagnostics GmbH, Lise-Meitner Strase 2, 24145 Kiel, Germany). Zoographic data obtained showed 61 (66.3%) dogs sampled were female, the dogs were kept majorly for security (n=54) and breeding (n=28). Vaccination records revealed that 13 (14.1%) of the dogs were not vaccinated against rabies. Analysis revealed good KAP scores of the dog owners at 75%, 95% and 95%, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between qualification (no formal education) and categorised attitude scores (P = 0.003) also between no formal education and categorised practice scores (P = 0.026). In conclusion, majority (93.5%) of the dogs tested had rabies antibodies which may indicate previous vaccination. Although dog owners KAP were good, majority (62%) were ignorant that rabies has no cure. Public health awareness on the dangers of rabies and annual dog anti-rabies vaccination toward elimination of dog-mediated human rabies, still needs to be intensified and sustained.
{"title":"Serological Evidence of Canine Rabies and Dog Owners’ Response about the Disease in Selected Veterinary Clinics within Jos Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"L. Konzing, J. Kwaga, G.B. Nok-Kia, H. Kazeem","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Canine rabies is endemic in Nigeria as evident by several reports, however, it is a vaccine preventable disease in both animals and man. Dog owners’ knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) toward rabies is instrumental to a successful rabies prevention and control measures against transmission. This study determined the prevalence of rabies antibodies in owned dogs and assessed KAPof dog owners toward rabies in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria in a cross sectional study conducted between January, 2019 and March, 2019. Sera from 100 dog blood samples were collected but only 92 samples were subjected to Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using Rabies Virus IgG Ab (DEMEDITEC Diagnostics GmbH, Lise-Meitner Strase 2, 24145 Kiel, Germany). Zoographic data obtained showed 61 (66.3%) dogs sampled were female, the dogs were kept majorly for security (n=54) and breeding (n=28). Vaccination records revealed that 13 (14.1%) of the dogs were not vaccinated against rabies. Analysis revealed good KAP scores of the dog owners at 75%, 95% and 95%, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between qualification (no formal education) and categorised attitude scores (P = 0.003) also between no formal education and categorised practice scores (P = 0.026). In conclusion, majority (93.5%) of the dogs tested had rabies antibodies which may indicate previous vaccination. Although dog owners KAP were good, majority (62%) were ignorant that rabies has no cure. Public health awareness on the dangers of rabies and annual dog anti-rabies vaccination toward elimination of dog-mediated human rabies, still needs to be intensified and sustained.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90054116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Twelve adult Nigerian breeds of dogs were used to compare the clinical responses of dogs alimented through pharyngostomy tubes (PGTs) with those maintained on intravenous infusion (50:50 mixture of Ringers lactate and 5% dextrose saline) during the first 14 days following oesophageal transection and anastomosis (OTA). The dogs were assigned to two groups (n=6), the pharyngostomy tube (PGT) group and the intravenous fluid infusion (IVF) group (n=6). Dogs in both groups underwent routine OTA. The PGT group was fed blanched processed dog food at 70g/kg body weight for 14 days through PGTs, while the IVF group was maintained on intravenous fluids at a dose of 70 mL/kg body weight daily also for 14 days post operatively. The postoperative complications observed in both groups showed that the mortality rate in the IVF group (83.3%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in the PGT group (16.7%). Vomiting and leakages at the site of oesophageal anastomosis did not differ significantly between the groups. Cervical swelling was observed in two dogs (33.3%) in the IVF group, while tenesmus and displacement of the tubes were recorded in 66.6% and 100% respectively of the dogs in the PGT group. It is concluded that feeding dogs which had undergone OTA through PGTs during the immediate postoperative period reduces their morbidity and mortality; and shortens the recovery period when compared with similar dogs maintained solely on intravenous fluids.
{"title":"Comparative Clinical Effects of Early Pharyngostomy Alimentation and Intravenous Fluid Infusion following Oesophageal Transection and Anastomosis in Nigerian Breeds of Dogs","authors":"J. Omamegbe, U. Njoku, S. E. Ibup","doi":"10.4314/NVJ.V41I3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NVJ.V41I3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Twelve adult Nigerian breeds of dogs were used to compare the clinical responses of dogs alimented through pharyngostomy tubes (PGTs) with those maintained on intravenous infusion (50:50 mixture of Ringers lactate and 5% dextrose saline) during the first 14 days following oesophageal transection and anastomosis (OTA). The dogs were assigned to two groups (n=6), the pharyngostomy tube (PGT) group and the intravenous fluid infusion (IVF) group (n=6). Dogs in both groups underwent routine OTA. The PGT group was fed blanched processed dog food at 70g/kg body weight for 14 days through PGTs, while the IVF group was maintained on intravenous fluids at a dose of 70 mL/kg body weight daily also for 14 days post operatively. The postoperative complications observed in both groups showed that the mortality rate in the IVF group (83.3%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in the PGT group (16.7%). Vomiting and leakages at the site of oesophageal anastomosis did not differ significantly between the groups. Cervical swelling was observed in two dogs (33.3%) in the IVF group, while tenesmus and displacement of the tubes were recorded in 66.6% and 100% respectively of the dogs in the PGT group. It is concluded that feeding dogs which had undergone OTA through PGTs during the immediate postoperative period reduces their morbidity and mortality; and shortens the recovery period when compared with similar dogs maintained solely on intravenous fluids.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"147 1","pages":"256-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88784631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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