Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057980
K. Pham
This paper explores the design process of transponded satellite communications using control-theoretic approach, pre-qualification processes, and performance risk mitigation methods. Specifically, the approach seeks to move beyond traditional joint transmission of multiple transmit uplinks to a non-processing satellite transponder, and generating an aggregate downlink to a ground hub, toward a greater consideration of performance reliability exposure for shared transponded satellite communications. The minimal-cost-variance control based joint transmission further relies on dynamical feedback estimates supported by Kalman filtering that guide the mitigation of closed-loop performance uncertainty associated with the employment of joint transmission for transponded links. The system and method herein are also used to identify positive consequences that effectively address inherent uncertainties in transponded satellite communications as opposed to simply avoiding them and using unnecessary conservative link margins.
{"title":"Achieving Joint Transmission and Performance Reliability with Minimal-Cost-Variance Control","authors":"K. Pham","doi":"10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057980","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the design process of transponded satellite communications using control-theoretic approach, pre-qualification processes, and performance risk mitigation methods. Specifically, the approach seeks to move beyond traditional joint transmission of multiple transmit uplinks to a non-processing satellite transponder, and generating an aggregate downlink to a ground hub, toward a greater consideration of performance reliability exposure for shared transponded satellite communications. The minimal-cost-variance control based joint transmission further relies on dynamical feedback estimates supported by Kalman filtering that guide the mitigation of closed-loop performance uncertainty associated with the employment of joint transmission for transponded links. The system and method herein are also used to identify positive consequences that effectively address inherent uncertainties in transponded satellite communications as opposed to simply avoiding them and using unnecessary conservative link margins.","PeriodicalId":193529,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133877108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057857
Mohamed Aladem, Sumanth Chennupati, Zaid A. El-Shair, S. Rawashdeh
Depth estimation of an observed scene is an important task for many domains such as mobile robotics, autonomous driving, and augmented reality. Traditionally, specialized sensors such as stereo cameras and structured light (RGB-D) ones are used to obtain depth along with color information of the environment. However, extending typical monocular cameras with the ability to infer depth information is an attractive solution. In this paper, we will demonstrate a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in an encoder-decoder architecture to perform monocular depth prediction. Additionally, we will evaluate and compare different CNN encoders’ performance.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Different CNN Encoders for Monocular Depth Prediction","authors":"Mohamed Aladem, Sumanth Chennupati, Zaid A. El-Shair, S. Rawashdeh","doi":"10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057857","url":null,"abstract":"Depth estimation of an observed scene is an important task for many domains such as mobile robotics, autonomous driving, and augmented reality. Traditionally, specialized sensors such as stereo cameras and structured light (RGB-D) ones are used to obtain depth along with color information of the environment. However, extending typical monocular cameras with the ability to infer depth information is an attractive solution. In this paper, we will demonstrate a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in an encoder-decoder architecture to perform monocular depth prediction. Additionally, we will evaluate and compare different CNN encoders’ performance.","PeriodicalId":193529,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114672301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057863
O. Ugweje, Yachilla Baba
With the massive development of information and communications technologies, the need to optimize information processing power and increase accuracy is becoming very important. This paper presents the analysis of an intelligent Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (AFSA) that properly select optimization parameters more effectively. It is computational intelligent with ability to solve nonlinear high dimensional problems. It addresses problems of conventional AFSA migration into local minima using control parameters such as visual distance and step sizes. Performance of the algorithm was tested using a subset of applied mathematical optimization test functions such as Ackley, Cosine Mixture, Neumaier, Rosenbrock and Rastrigin functions. Numerical results show that the intelligent algorithm outperformed the standard algorithm in 4 out of the 5 test functions. This can be very useful in computationally intensive processes.
{"title":"An Intelligence Artificial Fish Swarm Optimization Technique","authors":"O. Ugweje, Yachilla Baba","doi":"10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057863","url":null,"abstract":"With the massive development of information and communications technologies, the need to optimize information processing power and increase accuracy is becoming very important. This paper presents the analysis of an intelligent Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (AFSA) that properly select optimization parameters more effectively. It is computational intelligent with ability to solve nonlinear high dimensional problems. It addresses problems of conventional AFSA migration into local minima using control parameters such as visual distance and step sizes. Performance of the algorithm was tested using a subset of applied mathematical optimization test functions such as Ackley, Cosine Mixture, Neumaier, Rosenbrock and Rastrigin functions. Numerical results show that the intelligent algorithm outperformed the standard algorithm in 4 out of the 5 test functions. This can be very useful in computationally intensive processes.","PeriodicalId":193529,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON)","volume":"379 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124731718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9058126
A. V. Nikitin, R. Davidchack
In addition to ever-present thermal noise, various communication and sensor systems can contain significant amounts of interference with outlier (e.g. impulsive) characteristics. Such outlier interference (including that caused by nonlinear signal distortions, e.g. clipping) can be efficiently mitigated in real-time using intermittently nonlinear filters. Depending on the interference nature and composition, improvements in the quality of the signal of interest achieved by such filtering will vary from "no harm" to substantial. In this tutorial, we explain in detail why the underlying outlier nature of interference often remains obscured, discussing the many challenges and misconceptions associated with state-of-art analog and/or digital nonlinear mitigation techniques, especially when addressing complex practical interference scenarios. We then focus on the methodology and tools for real-time outlier noise mitigation, demonstrating how the "excess band" observation of outlier noise enables its efficient in-band mitigation. We introduce the basic real-time nonlinear components that are used for outlier noise filtering and provide examples of their implementation. We further describe complementary nonlinear filtering arrangements for wide- and narrow-band outlier noise reduction, providing several illustrations of their performance and the effect on channel capacity. Finally, we outline "effectively analog" digital implementations of these filtering structures, discuss their broader applications, and comment on the ongoing development of the platform for their demonstration and testing. To emphasize the effectiveness and versatility of this approach, in our examples we use particularly challenging waveforms that severely obscure low-amplitude outlier noise, such as broadband chirp signals (e.g. used in radar, sonar, and spread-spectrum communications) and "bursty," high crest factor signals (e.g. OFDM).
{"title":"Bandwidth Is Not Enough: \"Hidden\" Outlier Noise and Its Mitigation","authors":"A. V. Nikitin, R. Davidchack","doi":"10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9058126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9058126","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to ever-present thermal noise, various communication and sensor systems can contain significant amounts of interference with outlier (e.g. impulsive) characteristics. Such outlier interference (including that caused by nonlinear signal distortions, e.g. clipping) can be efficiently mitigated in real-time using intermittently nonlinear filters. Depending on the interference nature and composition, improvements in the quality of the signal of interest achieved by such filtering will vary from \"no harm\" to substantial. In this tutorial, we explain in detail why the underlying outlier nature of interference often remains obscured, discussing the many challenges and misconceptions associated with state-of-art analog and/or digital nonlinear mitigation techniques, especially when addressing complex practical interference scenarios. We then focus on the methodology and tools for real-time outlier noise mitigation, demonstrating how the \"excess band\" observation of outlier noise enables its efficient in-band mitigation. We introduce the basic real-time nonlinear components that are used for outlier noise filtering and provide examples of their implementation. We further describe complementary nonlinear filtering arrangements for wide- and narrow-band outlier noise reduction, providing several illustrations of their performance and the effect on channel capacity. Finally, we outline \"effectively analog\" digital implementations of these filtering structures, discuss their broader applications, and comment on the ongoing development of the platform for their demonstration and testing. To emphasize the effectiveness and versatility of this approach, in our examples we use particularly challenging waveforms that severely obscure low-amplitude outlier noise, such as broadband chirp signals (e.g. used in radar, sonar, and spread-spectrum communications) and \"bursty,\" high crest factor signals (e.g. OFDM).","PeriodicalId":193529,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129391692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057948
W.-D. Zhang, J. Brune, E. Brown
In this research we carry out measurements with a 94-GHz (W-band) polarimetric radar prototype. The complex 2×2 scattering matrix [S] is used as the basis for analysis, and the magnitude of its off-diagonal elements |Shv|2, |Svh|2, along with the target generator T33, are used to reveal information about the diameter as well as the orientation of metal rods.
{"title":"Design and Testing of a W-Band Polarimetric Radar","authors":"W.-D. Zhang, J. Brune, E. Brown","doi":"10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057948","url":null,"abstract":"In this research we carry out measurements with a 94-GHz (W-band) polarimetric radar prototype. The complex 2×2 scattering matrix [S] is used as the basis for analysis, and the magnitude of its off-diagonal elements |S<inf>hv</inf>|<sup>2</sup>, |S<inf>vh</inf>|<sup>2</sup>, along with the target generator T<inf>33</inf>, are used to reveal information about the diameter as well as the orientation of metal rods.","PeriodicalId":193529,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON)","volume":"36 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129278583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9058013
R. Ataai, Monish R. Chatterjee
Propagation across chiral interfaces are studied for incident electromagnetic plane waves with right circular polarization, Propagation across a purely achiral interface is first reviewed, followed by analyses for an achiral/chiral interface, and finally a chiral/achiral interface. The analysis consists of deriving corresponding Fresnel coefficients for reflection and transmission, and comparison between the two chiral interfaces.)
{"title":"Planar Electromagnetic Propagation of a Circularly Polarized Wave Across Achiral/Chiral and Chiral/Achiral Interfaces using Fresnel Coefficients","authors":"R. Ataai, Monish R. Chatterjee","doi":"10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9058013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9058013","url":null,"abstract":"Propagation across chiral interfaces are studied for incident electromagnetic plane waves with right circular polarization, Propagation across a purely achiral interface is first reviewed, followed by analyses for an achiral/chiral interface, and finally a chiral/achiral interface. The analysis consists of deriving corresponding Fresnel coefficients for reflection and transmission, and comparison between the two chiral interfaces.)","PeriodicalId":193529,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125375840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057831
James Trimble, D. Pack, Z. Ruble
Algebraic connectivity is the second-smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix and can be used as a metric for the communication robustness of a network of agents. This connectivity concept applies to teams of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) performing cooperative tasks, such as arriving at a consensus while sharing sensor information through communication. The algebraic connectivity can be controlled by altering edge weights through movement of individual UAVs in a team, or by adding and deleting edges. The addition and deletion of edges to achieve a desired algebraic connectivity, however, is an NP-hard problem, leading to the development of multiple heuristic methods. A primary method, the greedy perturbation heuristic, relies on global knowledge of the system to determine the eigenvector associated with the algebraic connectivity. Using an existing method for determining algebraic connectivity distributively, the primary contributions of this paper are 1) the introduction of a decentralized estimation of the Fiedler vector and 2) a decentralized Fiedler vector-based connectivity tracking algorithm.
{"title":"A Distributed System for Connectivity Tracking with UAVs","authors":"James Trimble, D. Pack, Z. Ruble","doi":"10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057831","url":null,"abstract":"Algebraic connectivity is the second-smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix and can be used as a metric for the communication robustness of a network of agents. This connectivity concept applies to teams of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) performing cooperative tasks, such as arriving at a consensus while sharing sensor information through communication. The algebraic connectivity can be controlled by altering edge weights through movement of individual UAVs in a team, or by adding and deleting edges. The addition and deletion of edges to achieve a desired algebraic connectivity, however, is an NP-hard problem, leading to the development of multiple heuristic methods. A primary method, the greedy perturbation heuristic, relies on global knowledge of the system to determine the eigenvector associated with the algebraic connectivity. Using an existing method for determining algebraic connectivity distributively, the primary contributions of this paper are 1) the introduction of a decentralized estimation of the Fiedler vector and 2) a decentralized Fiedler vector-based connectivity tracking algorithm.","PeriodicalId":193529,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126788191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9058046
Salaheddeen B. Bugoffa, Monish R. Chatterjee
ABCD matrices for a thick lens based on first-order frequency-dependent material dispersion of dielectric permittivity are derived using standard paraxial theory and spherical surfaces. The analysis and results are compared with the non-dispersive problem and used to ascertain imaging behavior for a gray scale 2D object. The possibility of introducing chirality and negative index in the lens material is also discussed.
{"title":"Imaging with thick lenses using ABCD matrices and first-order material dispersion","authors":"Salaheddeen B. Bugoffa, Monish R. Chatterjee","doi":"10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9058046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9058046","url":null,"abstract":"ABCD matrices for a thick lens based on first-order frequency-dependent material dispersion of dielectric permittivity are derived using standard paraxial theory and spherical surfaces. The analysis and results are compared with the non-dispersive problem and used to ascertain imaging behavior for a gray scale 2D object. The possibility of introducing chirality and negative index in the lens material is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":193529,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON)","volume":"39 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125735604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057908
S. Chawathe
Low-cost and commodity off-the-shelf surface electromyographs (COTS sEMGs) may be used for unobtrusive detection of human hand gestures. Although these EMG signals are not as detailed as conventional ones, an experimental investigation of feature engineering and classification reveals that they can yield accurate hand gesture information.
{"title":"Hand Gestures from Low-Cost Surface-Electromyographs","authors":"S. Chawathe","doi":"10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9057908","url":null,"abstract":"Low-cost and commodity off-the-shelf surface electromyographs (COTS sEMGs) may be used for unobtrusive detection of human hand gestures. Although these EMG signals are not as detailed as conventional ones, an experimental investigation of feature engineering and classification reveals that they can yield accurate hand gesture information.","PeriodicalId":193529,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121181317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9058107
K. Annam, D. Spatz, E. Shin, G. Subramanyam
In this paper, parallel plate varactor based phase shifter circuits using Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) thin films are presented. A cascade of 10, 15 and 20 parallel plate varactors were able to produce (150°, 258°, 297°), (218°, 381°,443°) and (227°, 402°, 464°) phase shift at (5, 10, 12 GHz) respectively. The 360° phase shift is achieved with small device size, low bias voltages (0-8 V), low leakage currents, low insertion loss and high figure of merit (FOM). FOM of 40, 33, 24 Degrees/dB is achieved with 10, 15 and 20 shunt varactors at 12 GHz respectively. The proposed circuit is very easy to fabricate which uses a CPW transmission line configuration and can be easily integrated with other circuits on chip.
{"title":"Experimental Verification of Microwave Phase Shifters Using Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) Varactors","authors":"K. Annam, D. Spatz, E. Shin, G. Subramanyam","doi":"10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9058107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON46414.2019.9058107","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, parallel plate varactor based phase shifter circuits using Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) thin films are presented. A cascade of 10, 15 and 20 parallel plate varactors were able to produce (150°, 258°, 297°), (218°, 381°,443°) and (227°, 402°, 464°) phase shift at (5, 10, 12 GHz) respectively. The 360° phase shift is achieved with small device size, low bias voltages (0-8 V), low leakage currents, low insertion loss and high figure of merit (FOM). FOM of 40, 33, 24 Degrees/dB is achieved with 10, 15 and 20 shunt varactors at 12 GHz respectively. The proposed circuit is very easy to fabricate which uses a CPW transmission line configuration and can be easily integrated with other circuits on chip.","PeriodicalId":193529,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125285795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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