Nutrition and health最新文献

BackgroundChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a frequent adverse effect associated with platinum-based agents, vinca alkaloids, and taxanes, contributing to a significant increase in morbidity, reduced quality of life, and treatment of nonadherence. Evidence suggests that nutritional status, particularly vitamin D (VD) levels, could influence CIPN incidence and clinical manifestations.AimTo compile evidence on the association between VD status and CIPN incidence and severity in patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy.MethodsA scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane for primary investigations published up to 25 September 2025.ResultsEleven observational studies were included. Based on the results from these studies, patients with breast or cervical cancer and VD deficiency receiving paclitaxel appear to exhibit higher incidence and risk of CIPN, highlighting VD levels as a predictor of CIPN development. Moreover, in patients with multiple myeloma on bortezomib, thalidomide and/or lenalidomide, and those receiving an oxaliplatin-based regimen for gastrointestinal tumors, lower VD levels seem to be associated with significantly higher incidence or prevalence of CIPN.ConclusionThese findings suggest a relation between low serum VD levels and an increased risk and severity of CIPN, hypothetically mediated by the neuroprotective, neuroregenerative, and anti-inflammatory properties of VD which could play a protective role in the development of CIPN. Future research should conduct stratified randomized controlled trials, standardize VD cutoffs and explore dose-response in high-risk groups, to elucidate its potential clinical implications.

Background: Dietary adherence is essential for glycemic control in diabetic patients, yet cultural preferences, availability, and affordability often hinder acceptance of recommended foods. Thus, it requires food-based recommendations (FBRs) tailored to local contexts.

Aim: This study identified locally available foods to develop FBR using linear programming (LP) in WHO Optifood for preelderly diabetic patients.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 174 type 2 diabetic patients aged 50-64 years in Malang, Indonesia, selected through multistage random sampling. Dietary data were collected over seven days using a 24-h recall, a one-day estimated food record, and a five-day food tally to capture habitual intake patterns. Optifood analysis incorporated demographic data, commonly consumed local foods, and nutrient targets based on Perkeni and Indonesian RDA. Dietary adequacy assessment used a modeled scenario using the 65% Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) threshold in the worst-case intake analysis.

Results: Several nutrients showed dietary inadequacy in the modeled analysis, rather than actual individual deficiencies. Protein, fiber, vitamins A, C, E, B12, iron, and omega-3 could be optimized to exceed 65% of the RNI using local foods such as tempeh, corn rice, moringa leaves, tongkol, kepok banana, and koro beans. However, calcium, vitamin B6, and zinc did not meet the 65% adequacy threshold.

Conclusion: Locally available food was successfully incorporated into dietary recommendations, fulfilling eight key nutrients. Nevertheless, vitamin B6, calcium, and zinc remained below the recommended thresholds in worst-case modeling, highlighting the need for additional interventions such as food fortification or dietary diversification.

BackgroundOrofacial clefts (OFCs) are complex congenital anomalies influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, with maternal folate long recognized as a modifiable risk factor.AimThis study investigated the association between maternal plasma folate levels and OFC risk and assessed contributions of other nutritional factors.MethodsA case-control study was conducted in Kumasi, Ghana, involving 103 cases (children with OFCs) and controls (children without OFCs) (January to July 2024). Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires and 24-h dietary recalls. Plasma folate was measured with a Human Folate ELISA kit, and BMI obtained by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis device. Other variables included dietary intake of vitamin B₁₂, B₆, iron, zinc, BMI, and maternal age. Plasma folate was categorized as low (< 159.88 ng/mL), intermediate (159.88-293.06 ng/mL), and high (>293.06 ng/mL). Logistic regression assessed associations.ResultsLow plasma folate levels were observed in 52.4% of the case mothers versus 28.2% of controls (p = 0.0004). In the unadjusted model, high folate was linked to increased OFC odds (odds ratio (OR) = 2.192, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.081-4.447), while low folate showed non-significant elevated odds (OR = 1.229, 95% CI: 0.638-2.367). After adjustment, plasma folate was no longer significant. Independent predictors were dietary folate (OR = 1.009, 95% CI: 1.003-1.015), iron (OR = 0.871, 95% CI: 0.785-0.967), vitamin B₆ (OR = 0.335, 95% CI: 0.118-0.949), vitamin B₁₂ (OR = 0.751, 95% CI: 0.604-0.935), and maternal age (OR = 1.148, 95% CI: 1.012-1.302).SummaryPlasma folate alone provides an incomplete assessment of OFC risk. Considering maternal nutritional profiles as a whole provides a more comprehensive understanding of risk.

BackgroundMalnutrition is prevalent yet frequently under-recognized at hospital admission, particularly among cardiac patients. Current screening tools may need contextual adaptation for use in specific healthcare settings.AimTo assess healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding nutritional screening and to develop and validate a modified nutritional screening tool.MethodsA structured KAP questionnaire was distributed to 50 healthcare professionals. Subsequently, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 173 cardiac patients aged 30-60 years. The modified nutritional screening tool was applied within 24-48 hours of admission. Internal consistency was evaluated using the discrimination index (DI) and Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsAn online survey with the response rate of 68% highlighted the importance of nutritional screening and the need for a tailored tool. Among patients, 35% were at low nutritional risk, 59% at medium risk, and 7% at high risk. Items with DI < 0.2 were removed. The modified nutritional screening tool demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.70-0.90) and excellent test-retest reliability (r = 0.97).ConclusionThe modified nutritional screening tool is a valid, efficient, and practical tool for identifying malnutrition risk in cardiac inpatients and is suitable for routine use in tertiary care hospitals. Larger comparative studies are recommended to confirm its applicability across diverse clinical settings.

Background: Taste perception plays an important role in a person's food preferences. Promoting an interest in taste and developing taste perception are important factors for healthy eating habits. However, only a few studies have been conducted to investigate the association of taste perception with personal background factors, nutrition, and eating habits. Aim: To investigate the current status and associated factors of taste perception among primary school children in Japan through a cross-sectional study design. Methods: A total of 77 children aged 9-11 years participated in this study between July and August 2022. Taste perception was assessed using the validated "Taste Strips" test, and participants were classified as either having high taste perception if their total taste score was ≥9 or having low taste perception if their score was <9. Data on demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, eating habits, nutrient intake, and self-efficacy were collected through questionnaires and regular health checkups. Results: Among the participants, 20% were classified as having low taste perception. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that family commensality at dinner (adjusted odds ratio: 5.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-28.0) and having a positive attitude (adjusted odds ratio: 1.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.0-1.1) were significantly associated with children's taste perception. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of nutrition education and the home environment in supporting the development of taste perception, potentially guiding interventions to promote healthy eating habits during children's critical formative period.

ObjectiveThe objective of study was to evaluate the biological effects occurring in the animal body in conditions of a regular consumption of bread with a combination of flaxseed and clarified tomato juice in its composition.MethodsThe animals (Soviet Chinchilla breed) were randomly distributed between six groups. Group 1 is intact animals. The food of Group 2 (control) included traditional bread. Animals of experimental groups were fed as follows: bread, in which 75% of water were replaced with clarified tomato juice (Group 3); bread with the addition of 20% of flaxseed, soaked beforehand in clarified tomato juice (Group 4); bread similar to Group 4, but juice with dissolved flaxseed hydrocolloids was used during dough kneading (Group 5); bread similar to Group 4, but instead of juice, drinking water was used (Group 6). We studied blood biochemistry. After 6 months, we took liver samples and identified the ratio of muscle, fat, bone, and connective tissues.ResultsWe established that the introduction of clarified tomato juice into the bread recipe yielded a decrease in cholesterol and creatinine levels (p = .029 and p = .031, respectively), while the addition of flaxseed soaked in water can promote the activation of protective effects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via reducing the levels of bilirubin (p = .040) and transaminases (p = .013) in the blood of experimental animals.ConclusionThe introduction of a combination of flaxseed and clarified tomato juice into the bread recipe in conjunction with its daily consumption contributed to the manifestation of protective effects for the liver of rabbits.

Background: The increasing levels of overweight and obesity are negatively impacting the health and wellbeing of individuals and communities. Whilst individual factors are important, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is partly caused by several social and environmental factors that can potentially be modified. A limited number of studies apply a broader theoretical lens to expand the focus beyond individual factors targeted for change. Furthermore, many interventions take a one-size-fits-all approach, which overlooks the differences between subgroups of the population, such as gender, which has a significant impact on eating habits. Aim: This study aims to identify avenues to increase healthy eating by accommodating a wider theory-based socio-ecological viewpoint for change. Additionally, the theory-based socio-ecological lens was applied to identify if segments can be revealed, enabling tailored strategies to be developed to better meet the needs of segments. Methods: A male-dominated sample of n = 3044 Australians was sourced through CINT an online consumer panel provider. Participation was anonymous and voluntary, and consent to participate was indicated by the completion of the survey. Results: Three segments were identified with Socio-Economic Index For Individuals, being the most influential variable differentiating the segments. The most socio-economically advantaged segment (M = 3.7, SD = 0.7) had the highest diet quality score (79.7) while the least advantaged (M = 0.3, SD = 1.4) scored the lowest (67.1). Conclusion: This study confirms the suitability and usefulness of theory-driven segmentation in the development of eating behaviour programs for Australian adults. More effective interventions are required given overweight and obesity levels among this population are increasing.

Background: Malnutrition is a common problem in aging populations. Studies show that up to one-third of hospital patients are affected. Malnutrition is linked to various health concerns, including poor muscle function, decreased bone density, immunological dysfunction, cognitive decline, anemia, prolonged hospital admissions, and higher morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study compares the diagnostic performance of the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score, Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) score, and Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (modified Nutric score [mNutric]) score with the gold standard Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in diagnosing malnutrition. Methods: The current study was conducted over the period of two months at S. L. Raheja Hospital and included 100 patients over the age of 18. Within the first 24 h after admission, malnutrition screening was performed using NRS-2002, SGA, and mNutric scores, with GLIM criteria as the reference. Results: The GLIM criteria identified 41% of patients as malnourished, but SGA and NRS-2002 revealed 60% and 72%, respectively, and mNutric as 40%. Kappa coefficients demonstrated good agreement between GLIM and mNutric (k = 0.915), moderate agreement with NRS-2002 (k = 0.761), and reasonable agreement with SGA (k = 0.632). Sensitivity and specificity analyses revealed that GLIM has superior diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: These findings support GLIM criteria as a global standard for malnutrition diagnosis, enhancing clinical outcomes through targeted nutritional interventions. The GLIM criteria demonstrated better agreement with the mNutric score compared to the other two tools. However, incorporating all available screening tools in clinical practice will enhance the early detection of malnutrition.

BackgroundIn the UK, Black African-Caribbeans (ACs) and South Asians (SAs) have 3-6 times greater risks of developing type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and significantly higher prevalence of vitamin D (vitD) deficiency than White Caucasians. East London is among the areas with the highest prevalence of T2DM and the highest proportion of ethnic minority groups. This ethnic health inequality is ascribed to socioeconomic standing, dietary habits, culture, and attitudes, while biological diversity has rarely been investigated.AimThe study aims to investigate the difference in the postprandial glycemic response (PGR), an independent risk factor of T2DM, between ethnic groups (White Caucasians, SAs, and ACs) in East London and its association with vitD status.MethodsThis acute randomized crossover trial will recruit healthy adults (n = 106) in East London between November 2023 and March 2025. Two test drinks are consumed by participants (a glucose drink containing 75 g glucose and pure orange juice) on different occasions. PGRs are monitored before and after drinking every 30 min for up to 2 h via finger prick. A fasting blood sample obtained via phlebotomy will be used for plasma 25(OH)D and relevant tests. A knowledge/perception questionnaire about vitD and a 4-day food diary (analyzing vitD dietary intake) will also be collected. Data will be analyzed using a multiple linear regression model adjusted by confounding factors (age, gender, body mass index, and body fat percentage).SummaryThe study results will be disseminated through journals and conferences, and target stakeholders.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients using nutritional support, considering it's difficult to achieve nutritional goal and great risk to increase malnutrition.MethodsA cross-sectional study with 102 patients over 18 years in use of enteral and/or parenteral nutritional therapy and monitored by the Nutritional Therapy Committee between December 2021 and August 2022. All data were collected from electronic medical records. Patients were diagnosed with Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) tools by the researchers.ResultsA total of 102 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 57.5 years (±16.7) and 63.7% were male. According to the SGA, 26.5% were classified as moderately and 44.1% as severely malnourished. According to the GLIM, 19.6% were moderately and 43.1% were severely malnourished. The two diagnoses showed a moderate agreement (0.46). When evaluating only the 26 patients with overweight or obesity, the GLIM identified one patient with malnutrition and the SGA identified six patients.ConclusionsThe SGA and the GLIM tool identified a high prevalence of malnutrition in patients using nutritional support in the hospital. The use of GLIM for diagnosis of malnutrition in hospitalized patients using nutritional support proved to be an excellent and practical tool, despite being less sensitive for patients with obesity. Subjective Global Assessment was a more sensitive tool in evaluating patients with malnutrition and using nutritional support. More studies are needed to confirm the use of lean mass reduction markers to identify the degree of malnutrition defined by GLIM in hospitalized patients.