Nutrition and health最新文献

Background: Periodontitis presents as a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the gingival tissues and structures surrounding the tooth. However, the existing approaches for periodontitis do not allow complete control of the disease. In this regard, an active search is being carried out both in preclinical and clinical studies for new approaches based, among other things, on nutraceuticals. Aim: This systematic review aimed to summarize and systematize data from preclinical studies on the effects of the use of polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids in experimentally induced periodontitis. Methods: A systematic search for research articles was performed using electronic scientific databases. Only original in vivo experimental studies investigating the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in experimentally induced periodontitis were included. Quality and risk of bias assessment (Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation) and quality of evidence assessment (using the modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach) were performed. Results: Nineteen studies were included in this systematic review. It has been shown that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may decrease the progression of periodontitis with amelioration of alveolar bone loss along with decreased pro-inflammatory response and inhibition of osteoclasts. Despite the promising results, most of the analyzed studies were characterized by low to moderate quality and a significant risk of bias. Conclusion: Based on the retrieved data, the possibility of extrapolating the obtained results to humans is limited, indicating the need for additional studies to elucidate the key patterns and mechanisms of action of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their endogenous metabolites in experimentally induced periodontitis.

Background: 'Eating out (EO)' has witnessed a significant increase across nations and in India. Understanding food behaviour from an economic standpoint is essential to recognize food systems and nutrition transition. Aim: Our work compared the macro-data on per capita income and gross state domestic product from India with household expenditure on eating out. Using the India Human Development Survey II micro-data we studied the socio-demographic and economic determinants of household expenditure on eating out. Methods: The study design is a secondary data analysis of India Human Development Survey II from a sample of N = 42,152 households. It included socio-demographic and economic predictors, such as religion, caste, residence, migration for work, education, number of household members, income source, total annual income, consumption expenditure and poverty status. Results: No consistent trends emerged in the macroeconomic comparisons using gross state domestic product and per capita income. Results of logistic regression showed that the reserved caste categories OBC [COR 1.2 (1.1-1.2)] and SC/ST/Others [COR 1.1 (1-1.1)], household heads education up to secondary [COR 0.4 (0.4-0.5)] and higher secondary and above [COR 0.7 (0.6-0.8)], urban place of residence [COR 0.55 (0.53-0.58)], organised sector [COR 0.7 (0.6-0.7)] as the income source, higher annual income [COR 0.52 (0.50-0.54)], higher annual consumption expenditure [COR 0.44 (0.42-0.46)] and above poverty line [COR 2.1 (1.9-2.2)] were significantly positively associated with expenditure on eating out (p = <0.05). All these variables stayed significant in the multinomial regression model as well. Conclusion: This analysis confirms the increase in household income along with other demographics, increases the frequency of eating out. However, such trends remained inconsistent in macroeconomic assessments using gross state domestic product and per capita income.

Background: Biotechnological developments have resulted in the modification of the genetic structures of many organisms. However, the possibility of risks in terms of human health has caused consumers to approach products containing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with suspicion. Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the attitudes of food engineers towards GMO products and their effects on purchase intentions. Methods: For this purpose, an attitude scale towards GMO products was adapted, and a multivariate regression analysis was performed by applying the adapted questionnaire. Results: It has been determined that the negative attitudes of food engineers towards GMO products and their purchasing intentions have an effect. Attitudes toward the use of gene technology in production were determined with 17% as the most effective dimension of purchase intention, and it was found to have a significant effect (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, it was determined that food engineers were concerned about the potential risk of GMO foods. In order to overcome these concerns, it is thought that eliminating the lack of knowledge of this professional group on gene technology should be planned as a strategic goal.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced food preparation and consumption habits, as well as food wastage. The pandemic also affected the lives of university students worldwide; their learning and living environments changed, influencing their eating habits.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on students' food-related activities in four countries in the Western Balkans: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, North Macedonia, and Montenegro.

Methods: The research draws upon an online survey gathered through the SurveyMonkey platform in four Balkan countries-viz. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, North Macedonia, and Montenegro-and used a structured questionnaire. The information was collected during the second wave of COVID-19 in October-November 2020. A total of 1658 valid responses were received. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were used to analyze the survey findings.

Results: The research results suggest that the pandemic influenced students' food purchase habits, diets, and food-related behaviors and practices such as food preparation, cooking, and food waste management at the household level. In particular, students have been eating healthier and shopping less frequently during the pandemic. Meanwhile, the pandemic improved their attitude toward food wastage.

Conclusion: This study is the first to examine how students in the Balkan region perceive the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their eating habits, laying the groundwork for future studies into the disease's consequences. This and other studies will assist in preparing students and education institutions for future calamities and pandemics. The findings will also help develop evidence-based postpandemic recovery options targeting youth and students in the Western Balkans.

Aim: This study examined the nexus between mother's education and nutritional status and their relationships with child stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight. Methods: The data of 34,193 under-five (U-5) children from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and binary and complementary log-logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of child stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight were 36.51%, 6.92%, 21.73%, and 2.05%, respectively. Compared to children born to mothers with at least secondary education, uneducated women's children (odds ratio (OR) = 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32-1.82) and those of women with primary education (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.28-1.72) were more likely to be stunted. Similarly, children born to uneducated women (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.24-1.83) were more likely to be underweight than women with at least secondary education. The likelihood of child underweight (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.45-2.01) and wasting (rate ratio (RR) = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.47-2.26) were higher among underweight mothers, respectively, than those with normal body mass index (BMI). The likelihood of child stunting (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.67-0.84) and underweight (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.57-0.77) were lower among obese/overweight mothers compared to those with normal BMI, but their children were more likely to be overweight (RR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.27-2.48). Conclusion: Attainment of higher education by mothers should be promoted to prevent childhood nutritional imbalances, and sensitization on healthy dietary habits and lifestyles should be promoted among women, especially the overweight/obese, to reduce their risk of having overweight children.

Background: On a global scale, the mental health consequences of eating habits among the general population are becoming a concern. Particular attention should be directed to the youthful population. Aims: Determine the relationship between university students' consumption of junk food and their levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Method: University students were asked to complete: a demographic questionnaire, questions on junk food consumption, and depression anxiety stress scores (DASS-21). Body mass index measurements were taken. Logistic regressions were utilized to construct odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals to identify the association between university students' consumption of junk food and their levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Results: There were (N = 509), 66% females and 34% males, mean age was (M = 18.1 ± .5) years participated in this study. Daily consumption of junk food was significantly linked to stress (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-8.3), anxiety (OR, 11.1; 95% CI, 6.2-20.1), and depression (OR, 7.9; 95% CI, 4.5-13.9). Conclusions: This is the first thorough study conducted in Egypt to examine the relationship between stress, anxiety, and depression, and junk food consumption among undergraduates at a private Egyptian university. Many college students struggle emotionally, and those who are emotionally troubled are more likely to participate in eating unhealthy food. Our research will be used to inform regional policies on adolescent nutrition and to create preventative strategies.

Background: Improving mother and child nutrition during the first 1000 days of life (DoL) is one of the major areas where mHealth has demonstrated great promise. A lot of mHealth is already used in society. However, no study examines the content and features of mobile health. Aim: This study aims to examine the difference in content and features of mHealth intervention for maternal and child nutrition throughout the first 1000 days of life. Thus, new apps can be enhanced. Methods: The online journal databases that offer free papers from Scopus-indexed journals published in 2017-2022 served as the primary sources for the literature included in this study. Several keywords were used in the literature search, which used the databases Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed. A total of 8 articles were included in the literature review. Results: Existing mHealth provides content and features to support and improve the health status of pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and children aged 0-24 months. mHealth interventions have the potential to improve maternal and child nutrition health in the first 1000 days of life by providing education, communication, support, data collection and analysis, cultural appropriateness, accessibility, and capacity building for health workers. However, it is crucial to address challenges such as evidence-based design, privacy and security, sustainability, and data management, and to ensure cultural appropriateness and accessibility for all populations. Conclusions: The more complete the content, features, and uses of mHealth, the greater the users' acceptance.

Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) impacts over 50% of children aged 6-59 months in sub-Saharan Africa, causing severe health issues. Despite the importance of vitamin A supplementation (VAS) programs, barriers limit their effectiveness, making it essential to understand these factors for better outcomes. Aim: This systematic review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to VAS programs in Africa, using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to conceptualize the findings. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across OVID Embase, OVID Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, CINAHL and CAB Direct. Studies were excluded if they did not report VAS administration via capsules or droplets in large-scale programs or omitted discussions on implementation barriers and facilitators. Results: The search yielded 4377 citations, with 10 studies meeting eligibility criteria, published from 2002 to 2021 across 12 countries. The most frequently represented were Ethiopia and Zimbabwe. A total of nine barriers and seven facilitators to VAS programs were identified. The most frequently cited barriers were capsule stock-outs, limited resources and lack of incentive for staff, while the most frequently cited facilitators were Child Health Days and involvement of community-based health workers. The key CFIR constructs associated with these findings were Tailoring Strategies, Incentive Systems and Available Resources. Conclusion: The barriers and facilitators identified in this review offer valuable insights for improving VAS coverage and implementation in Africa. Tailoring implementation strategies based on these findings can enhance the effectiveness and coverage of VAS programs.

Background: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is excessive across the United States (US). Understanding perceptions of food based on processing is critical to elucidate reasons for UPF intake and inform tool development for measuring related cognition. Aim: Design and evaluate perceptions of UPF and non-UPF food among general US adults. Hypothesis: Significant differences exist in perceived healthfulness across similar UPF and non-UPF foods. Methods: Photographs of foods were taken to represent eight pairs of similar UPFs and non-UPFs and presented in a Qualtrics survey with questions to gauge healthfulness from 0 to 10 (0 = completely unhealthy, 10 = completely healthy). Paired-samples sign tests were used to detect differences in ratings within pairs. Results: Participants (n = 100) rated stimuli within all pairs significantly differently (P < 0.001), indicating different perceptions of UPF and non-UPF. Conclusion: Adults perceive similar UPF and non-UPF as having different levels of healthfulness. Reasons for these differences warrant investigation.