Nutrition and health最新文献

BackgroundAssessing energy expenditure (EE) is critical for identifying dietary intake (DI) requirements for nutrition care and management. Understanding both EE and DI can provide deeper insight into energy balance, which is crucial considering the rising prevalence of obesity.ObjectiveThe objective of this visualization and bibliometric analysis was to characterize emerging trends in EE and DI literature from 2013 to 2023.MethodsWeb of Science Core Collection was searched using EE- and DI-related terms. A manual screening process was used to enhance the relevancy of included articles and to dichotomize articles as animal or human research.Results7149 articles were included: 4130 focused on animal models and 3462 focused on humans. Annual new publications grew 8.1% from 2013 to 2022. New publications increased faster in animal research at 10.1% compared to only 4.7% in human research. Keywords in animal and human domains clustered around four topics: 'energy expenditure', 'metabolism mechanisms', 'obesity', and 'dietary intake'. The most frequent keyword was 'obesity' in both animal and human research.ConclusionsAnimal and human research saw different trends in the rate of annual new publications, highly cited references, and keywords, highlighting the distinct approaches in animal and human models within EE and DI research.

BackgroundExisting tools for assessing mindful eating tend to be too long to use in many settings.Aims/ObjectiveWe assessed if a Shortened Mindful Eating Inventory (sMEI) would perform similarly to a previously developed longer inventory.Methods/MethodologyThe sMEI was constructed by selecting the items with the highest factor loading from each subscale of the original Peitz Mindful Eating Inventory (MEI) study. Participants (n = 224) completed the sMEI first and the MEI a month later to examine test-retest reliability. The Spearman's correlation coefficient was computed for sMEI and MEI scores overall and for demographic subgroups. Cronbach's alpha was computed to assess internal reliability and exploratory factor analysis was used to verify sMEI items loaded highly on MEI subscales.Results/FindingsThe mean age of the participants was 31.0 (SD 13.0) with 85.7% females. Overall, the sMEI and MEI were correlated (Spearman r = 0.73, p < 0.001). Among demographic subgroups, the correlation remained moderate to strong and similar (r = 0.62-0.76), but most highly correlated for females (r = 0.75, p < 0.001), and individuals 18-30y (r = 0.76, p < 0.001). Each sMEI item agreed closely (+/- 1-point) with its corresponding MEI item. The items also ranked high on factor loadings in their respective subscale, indicating their appropriateness as representing dimensions of mindful eating.ConclusionThe sMEI showed acceptable internal validity, good correlation with MEI, and sMEI items sufficiently represent each MEI subscale in our sample of mainly white female adults =< age 30. Therefore, in this population the sMEI may be a reasonable alternative when a longer measurement tool is not feasible.

BackgroundAcne vulgaris has a multifactorial pathogenesis; emerging evidence implicates micronutrients like calcium. This case-control study examined associations between serum calcium and acne, without assessing causality or ionized calcium.ObjectivesCompare serum calcium in acne patients vs. controls; correlate with severity and subtypes; adjust for dietary intake and hormones.Methods50 acne patients and 50 age-/sex-matched controls. Acne is graded by Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). Measured serum calcium, albumin, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Dietary calcium via validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ; dairy vs. plant sources). Analyses: t-tests, ANOVA, correlations, multivariate regression (adjusted for body mass index, smoking, and hormones).ResultsAcne patients had higher serum calcium (9.8 ± 0.6 mg/dL) than controls (9.2 ± 0.5 mg/dL; p < .001). Calcium correlated with severity (r = .42, p = .003); severe cases: 10.2 ± 0.7 mg/dL. Inflammatory subtypes showed higher levels (10.0 ± 0.6 mg/dL) versus non-inflammatory (9.5 ± 0.5 mg/dL; p = .002). Adjusted OR for acne presence: 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4-3.2); severity β = 0.38 (p = .004).ConclusionElevated serum calcium associates with acne vulgaris, especially severe/inflammatory forms, suggesting a role in pathogenesis via metabolic alterations. Causality unestablished; calcium-modulating therapies warrant investigation.

BackgroundSibutramine was once a commonly prescribed medication for weight management. However, it was ultimately removed from the market due to its link to serious cardiovascular risks such as stroke and myocardial infarction. While its primary function is to suppress appetite, sibutramine has also been known to trigger a range of psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety, depression, and psychosis.ObjectiveTo present a case highlighting the potential mental health implications associated with the use of sibutramine.MethodsThis article presents a case report; clinical details were documented by the psychiatrist in charge and reviewed by the team. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction Probability Scale was used in this case to evaluate whether the psychotic events were associated with sibutramine use.Resultsa young female developed severe psychiatric symptoms requiring hospitalization after using sibutramine for weight loss. Treatment included suspending sibutramine and administering Aripiprazole 15 mg.ConclusionThis case serves as a poignant reminder of the potential dangers associated with using unregulated medications for weight loss purposes and underscores the importance of seeking professional medical guidance when embarking on any kind of treatment regimen.

Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) is a multifaceted condition in which obesity is present along with reduction in bone and muscle mass. The coexistence of these conditions increases the risk of fractures, physical disability and insulin resistance. This article explains the mechanism of insulin resistance in individuals with OSO highlighting the role of adipokines, lipid metabolites, pro inflammatory cells like Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interluekin-6, Interleukin-1 in causing the defective insulin signaling and exacerbating insulin resistance. The pathophysiology involves muscle atrophy and bone loss exacerbated by insulin resistance. Life style interventions like low resistance exercise and intake of diet full of nutrients especially proteins can be helpful in preventing this condition. A combination therapy of resistance trainings and protein rich diet can be considered as effective approach in combating OSO and improving insulin signaling. This article accentuates the importance of lifestyle and dietetic alterations in addressing OSO and its associated metabolic and hormonal disturbances.

Background: The primary role of the German riot police is maintaining internal security. Due to challenging working conditions, riot police forces face an elevated risk of various diseases. During duty, forces are provided with meals. A balanced diet can reduce the risk of some of these diseases and contribute to health-promoting working conditions. Aim: First evaluation of the nutritional quality of duty meals in Germany based on German Nutrition Society recommendations (DGE). Methods: In February and March 2023, the meals on duty (mixed diet, vegetarian, vegan, without pork), provided during 10 operations of a police department, were analysed for their food supply, energy and nutrient content. The nutritional evaluation was conducted based on the food related dietary reference values and the reference values for nutrient intake of the DGE. Results: The dietary reference values were mainly not met. Wholegrains, margarine, fish, nuts and pulses were absent from all meals. Fruits and vegetables, and cereal products were slightly below the dietary reference values while juice, discretionary foods and sausage (except 'vegan') exceeded recommended limits. Macronutrient composition and micronutrient content largely met reference values. However, the content of energy, free sugars, salt, saturated fat and cholesterol was too high while fibre density and unsaturated fat was too low (partly except 'vegan'). Conclusion: This study presents the first nutritional evaluation of the duty meals provided to the German riot police. Regarding nutritional quality, there is significant potential for improvement. By implementing a few targeted adjustments, the nutritional quality could be substantially enhanced.

BackgroundFood insecurity is associated with an increased risk of hypertension.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of dietary sodium and potassium intake in the setting of food insecurity on hypertension risk.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from 17,015 adults aged 18-65 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018). We examined the associations between food insecurity, hypertension, and dietary sodium and potassium levels using multivariable logistic regression. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore the potential influence of dietary sodium and potassium intake on the relationship between food insecurity influenced hypertension.ResultsIndividuals experiencing food insecurity had a significantly lower mean potassium intake (2.5 ± 0.03 g) compared to food-secure counterparts (2.74 ± 0.02 g). Food insecurity status was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of a higher dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio, an established predictor for hypertension.ConclusionAdults with food insecurity and hypertension were more likely to have lower dietary potassium intake. Increasing access to healthy foods, particularly potassium-rich foods, for individuals facing food insecurity may contribute to reducing the hypertension prevalence and improving cardiovascular outcomes.

BackgroundFatigue and Sleep disturbance are common among healthcare professionals, particularly nurses working in high-acuity clinical environments. Poor sleep quality can lead to cognitive impairment, decreased work efficiency, and compromised patient care. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is widely utilized to assess sleep quality, and the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS) is used to determine fatigue. However, their psychometric properties need validation within specific cultural and occupational contexts.AimThis study aimed to validate the PSQI and CFS among critical care nurses in Saudi Arabia through factor analysis.MethodsAn exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using data from a cross-sectional study involving 173 critical care nurses in Saudi Arabia.ResultsThe results of the CFS showed that the Average Variance Extracted values were 0.58 and 0.55, respectively, and all outer loadings of all items for the two components were greater than 0.5. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy for PSQI was 0.675, meeting the minimum threshold (≥0.6). Parallel analysis identified a three-factor structure, explaining 54.9% of the total variance. The total variance explained by the three components of CFS was 54.9%, which exceeded the recommended value of 50% as a general rule.ConclusionThe PSQI and CFS demonstrated validity and reliability among Saudi Arabian critical care nurses, validating their use in assessing fatigue and sleep quality. These steps can help develop policies and interventions that enhance nurses' health and productivity in high-acuity settings.

BackgroundPhysical activity and diet quality are key determinants of chronic disease prevention and overall health. However, their population-level time trends and between-year differences in cross-sectional associations remain underexplored.AimsThis study examined secular trends in physical activity and diet quality among Korean adults from 2018 to 2021 and assessed whether the cross-sectional association between adherence to WHO physical activity guidelines and diet quality varied across survey years.MethodsData were drawn from 18,976 adults aged 19-79 years participating in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Physical activity was assessed using the Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and classified according to the WHO guideline (≥150 min/week). Diet quality was measured using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between physical activity adherence and higher diet quality, adjusting for age, gender, smoking, alcohol use, and body mass index. Meta-regression evaluated the between-year variation in the cross-sectional association.ResultsPhysical activity levels remained stable across survey years, whereas diet quality significantly declined (P_linear = 0.04), particularly among women, non-smokers, alcohol consumers, and individuals with underweight or overweight. In year-specific cross-sectional models, meeting the physical activity recommendation was associated with 31% higher odds of higher diet quality (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.16-2.48, p < 0.001). This association did not significantly change over time.ConclusionsFrom 2018 to 2021, diet quality declined among Korean adults despite stable physical activity levels. Although physical activity adherence was consistently associated with higher diet quality, no significant temporal trends were observed in this relationship.

Background: Integrating transgender and gender-identity-diverse (TGD) content in dietetics education is essential for addressing knowledge gaps among future registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs). TGD populations have unique nutrition-related needs, yet there is limited evidence related to this topic within the field of dietetics. Aim: We aimed to explore dietetics students' perceived preparedness to work with TGD clients and experiences with TGD content through case-based learning. Methods: Graduate dietetics students (n = 23) engaged in a case study on dietary and health behaviors of an adult transgender woman in winter 2025. Students completed a survey about their perceived knowledge gained following the case and wrote reflections about further training opportunities and how the case informed their future career. Descriptive statistics were calculated for close-ended responses. A content analysis approach was used to analyze open-ended responses. Results: Most participants (n = 21/23, 91%) found the case helpful in preparation for working with transgender clients. Participants agreed they developed dietetics competencies such as demonstrating cultural humility (n = 17/23, 74%) and implementing culturally sensitive strategies (n = 18/23, 79%). Themes were identified related to improving dietetics training opportunities related to the TGD population including more training, training on counseling skills, and more exposure to cultural humility. Themes regarding how the case informed career perspectives included individualized care, awareness of diverse populations, and realization that the field needs more evidence-based guidance. Conclusion: TGD content delivered through case-based learning positively impacted dietetics students' knowledge and confidence in working with TGD clients in future practice. Understanding students' knowledge gaps can help inform dietetics education to ensure comprehensive training and equitable nutrition care among future RDNs.