Nutrition and health最新文献

Background: Despite the significant health risks associated with it, diabulimia, which involves the omission of insulin for the purpose of weight control in individuals with type 1 diabetes, remains underrecognized.

Aim: This study assessed diabulimia knowledge in third- and fourth-year nutrition and dietetics students and its relationship with health literacy.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 231 students (90.5% female) in the third (38.5%) and fourth (61.5%) years of the Nutrition and Dietetics Departments at two universities and was carried out between June and July 2024. A questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, Diabulimia Knowledge Level Scale (DKLS) and Turkish Health Literacy Scale (THLS-32) was administered to the students in person. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 28.0.

Results: DKLS scores of third-year students were lower than those of the fourth-year students (p = 0.014). Similarly, THLS-32 scores were higher in fourth-year students (p = 0.012). However, there was no statistical significance in DKLS, THLS-32 scores and THLS-32 classification between the universities (p = 0.307, p = 0.137, and p = 0.491, respectively). No relationship between age, DKLS and THLS-32 was found.

Conclusion: Fourth-year students demonstrated higher diabulimia knowledge and health literacy scores, highlighting the impact of advanced education. However, no differences were found between the universities. These findings underscore the need for further research to explore the factors contributing to knowledge and health literacy development, including curriculum design, teaching methods, and clinical training. Additionally, expanding this investigation to include other healthcare professionals could provide a broader perspective of existing gaps in diabulimia awareness and health literacy.

Background: Stressors associated with the ongoing ethnic tensions may be the drivers of more frequent night eating, and subsequently, a higher body mass index.

Aim: To examine the association of night eating with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference among health sciences students in Northern Kosovo.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the University of Prishtina in Kosovska Mitrovica from November 2018 to March 2019. Participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), the Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Body weight, height, and waist circumference were measured by the research team.

Results: The study sample consisted of 534 students. The night eating score was 14.4 ± 4.5 out of 52 (prevalence of night eating syndrome was 3.0%). Overall, the average BMI was 23.7 ± 4.5 kg/m² (27.2% of students were overweight and 7.5% were obese). Moderate level of stress as measured by the PSS was observed 61.8% and high level of stress was recorded among 5.8%. Also, 9.2% students reported moderate BAI score and 6.0% students reported severe BAI score. After adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, health behaviors, sleep, stress and anxiety levels, no association of night eating with BMI and waist circumference was observed.

Conclusion: These findings showed that there is an absence of the association between night eating, BMI and waist circumference among students who live in a post-conflict setting. There may be other factors that mediate the relationship between food intake at night and body mass index.

Background: Ruminant milk is a very complex table food and naturally encrypted with different components possessing various health-promoting characteristics.

Aim: In the present study, we focused on breed-wise compositional difference in milk including various components and release of fatty acids and peptides during digestion.

Methods: First, milk samples were analysed using lactoscan LW milk analyser, MALDI-TOF and gas chromatography. In addition, in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of milk was performed to determine the fatty acid and peptide concentration.

Results: Percentage fat was significantly less in Karan Fries (KF) and Holstein Friesian (HF) milk compared to Sahiwal (SW), Tharparkar (TP), Gir (GIR) and Karan Swiss (KS). The mean conductivity displayed the healthy status in SW, TP, GIR, KF and HF milk. The protein was significantly higher in KF milk compared to SW, TP, GIR and HF milk. KS milk possessed the highest number of peptides followed by HF, SW, TP, GIR and KF milk. The fatty acid compositional difference was primarily observed in saturated fatty acids including the C4:0, C21:0 and also w6 linoleic acid. On the basis of peptide number of MALDI-TOF, milk from SW and KS was selected for digestion in in vitro to check the availability of fatty acids and peptides in the intestine. There was more release of fatty acids in SW milk and more peptide from KS milk in intestinal conditions. Therefore, the difference in composition exists based on protein and fat components in indigenous and crossbred cows' milk.

Conclusions: The breed-wise difference in composition of milk is important to study as it not only reflected the nutritional value and various biological activities, but also emphasis on specific proteomic and lipidomic of milk that eventually can be used as criteria for selection of milk.

Background: Maternal time constraints lead to a lack of vegetable provision to children. Mothers use homemade meal strategies under time constraints; however, these strategies have not been well investigated.

Aim: This study aimed to classify the homemade meal strategies used by mothers under time constraints and to examine their association with the provision of vegetable dishes.

Methods: We conducted an online cross-sectional survey of 400 mothers of preschool children in Japan. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to classify homemade meal strategies. The Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the subscale scores by the demographic characteristics and provision of vegetable dishes, and logistic regression was used to predict the provision of vegetable dishes based on the subscales and adjusted for demographic characteristics.

Results: A 13-item scale comprising three subscales ("planning meals and shopping ahead," "use of convenience foods," and "batch cooking") was developed. Full-time employed mothers had higher scores for "use of convenience foods" and "batch cooking" than did unemployed mothers. "Batch cooking" was positively related to the provision of vegetable dishes more than seven times a week after adjusting for maternal demographic characteristics, whereas "use of convenience foods" was negatively related. "Planning meals and shopping ahead" was not associated with the provision of vegetable dishes.

Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that batch cooking is a recommended strategy under time constraints and that education on nutritional considerations when using convenience foods is required.

Background: Increasing interest in probiotics for mental health has led to products marketed to consumers claiming psychological benefits. This study aimed to identify mental health claims on probiotic supplements and to provide a narrative review of the scientific evidence to support these claims.

Methods: Probiotic supplements with mental health claims on the product label were identified. A search of the scientific literature was performed using Google Scholar, PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Studies were included if the primary outcome was mental health or a biomarker of mental health, if they investigated the exact probiotic strain or combination of strains as present in the product, and if the study was a trial of probiotics conducted in either humans or animals. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias.

Results: Fourteen probiotic products with mental health claims were identified containing five different strains or strain combinations. Eighteen studies relevant to the products and investigating mental health outcomes met inclusion criteria. Ten studies investigated the same combination of probiotics and provided evidence to support the claims made. Statistically significant results were not universally present for all products.

Conclusion: The amount and quality of evidence to support claims of mental health benefits made on probiotic products is variable. The results support the need for a grading system to facilitate informed consumer decision-making when choosing a probiotic supplement to support mental health.

Study purpose: This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of ChatGPT in facilitating learning for medical students with special educational needs (SEN) while acknowledging and addressing the challenges that SEN students may encounter in utilizing this technology.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey study assessed ChatGPT's efficacy in supporting medical students with SEN across three Saudi Arabian universities. Utilizing purposive and convenience sampling, a questionnaire was administered to 283 SEN students. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and ANOVA, were conducted to evaluate perceptions of ChatGPT's effectiveness, considering demographic factors and impairment types.

Results: Notable differences were observed in perceptions of ChatGPT's effectiveness by impairment type and education level. Statistically significant differences were observed among the participants with different types of impairments in relation to flexibility in communication (p = .01), scaffolding and guided practice (p = .0435), immediate feedback and reinforcement (p = .0334), visual and audio support (p = .0244), and simplified learning (p = .002) factors. For instance, individuals with communication and interaction impairments rated ChatGPT's support significantly higher for simplified learning (M = 4.39, p = .002) and visual/audio support (M = 4.08, p = .024) compared to other impairments. Education level significantly influenced perceptions across all support factors (p < .05), with diploma holders consistently rating ChatGPT more favorably.

Conclusion: Although by providing personalized, simplified, and scaffolded learning experiences, along with social and emotional support, ChatGPT demonstrates promising potential in enhancing learning of SEN students; it does not prove to be effective across all types of impairments.

Background: Nutrition assessment is the first step of the nutrition care process (NCP), which includes investigating physical status and malnutrition signs. With the widespread digitalization of healthcare in Indonesia, including telehealth in dietetic practice (telenutrition), evidence is required to address the barriers and improve the current practice of conducting remote physical assessments.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the adaptation of nutrition-focused physical examination (NFPE) using telenutrition in Indonesia.

Methods: This qualitative study recruited Indonesian registered dietitians (RD) with experience in performing NCP using video conferences, phone calls, or other remote/online platforms. The search for participants was conducted until the information was considered sufficient. Data were collected using semistructured in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results: Eleven RDs were interviewed via video conference. Three themes emerged from the analysis: (1) feasibility and practicality, (2) barriers, and (3) adaptations and pre-requisites of remote physical assessment. Remote physical assessment was considered not practical by the majority. Barriers were categorized into technological challenges, lack of NFPE training and practice, and challenges in involving patients. Pre-appointment preparations, guiding the patients through video calls, or asking patients to send images of their bodies are adaptations needed for remote physical assessment.

Conclusion: Challenges in remote physical assessment could be minimized by establishing protocols to deliver standardized care and ensure session efficiency. Additionally, strengthening the implementation and training of NFPE for dietitians in Indonesia is of paramount importance.

Background: Childhood obesity is a global public health concern associated with various health risks, including disrupted sleep patterns. Aim: This study investigated the effects of kiwifruit consumption and small-sided soccer games (SSSG) over 4 weeks on sleep patterns in overweight/obese children with sleep problems. Methods: Thirty-six participants, aged 8 to 12 years with a body mass index above the 85th percentile, were randomly assigned to one of three groups: SSSG only (n = 12), SSSG-kiwifruit (SSSG-K, n = 12), or control (CG, n = 12). Sleep patterns were monitor 1 week before, and during the first and last 2 weeks of the intervention. The CG group maintained their usual routines without structured physical activity. The SSSG and SSSG-K groups, both engaged in SSSG type of training two to three times per week, with the SSSG-K group also consuming on a daily basis two kiwifruits 1 hour before bedtime. Results: In the final 2 weeks, the SSSG group demonstrated significant improvements in sleep efficiency (p = 0.03), sleep latency (p < 0.001), and bedtime timing (p < 0.001) compared to baseline. The SSSG-K group also showed significant improvements in sleep efficiency, sleep latency, and total sleep time compared to baseline, and relative to CG, and SSSG groups during the 4 weeks (all p < 0.05). Additionally, SSSG-K participants had earlier bedtimes and increased time in bed compared to their baseline (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Combining kiwifruit consumption with SSSG exercise effectively enhances sleep patterns in overweight/obese children.

Aim: The systematic review summarizes the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of iron replacement in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase up to April 2024. Eligible studies investigating iron replacement therapy in pulmonary hypertension patients were included in the review. Quality assessment of included studies was performed using standardized risk of bias tools. Results: Five studies met the study-eligible criteria and were included for review. Out of all final selected five studies, one was a randomized control trial (RCT), two were non-RCT, and two were observational studies. We observed an improvement in the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) test, iron indices, peak oxygen intake, and anaerobic threshold after the iron replacement. In all included studies, the iron replacement was tolerated well with no serious adverse events. Conclusion: Regardless of the variation in the study design, positive effects were observed on multiple outcome measures like the 6MWD test, cardiopulmonary exercise test parameter, and iron indices upon iron replacement in PH patients with iron deficiency. Further controlled trials are needed to enable better treatment group comparisons. Exploring long-term impacts on comorbidities, mortality, and disease progression would provide valuable insights for managing pulmonary hypertension.

Aim: This study among moderately fit male athletes investigated changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant levels after supplementation with Eri silkworm cornflakes. Method: Male university athletes (n = 18, age 19-21 years) were enrolled in a randomized crossover trial. They participated in either the supplementation period (consuming 0.20 g protein/kg body weight Eri silkworm daily) or the control period (no supplementation). Each period lasted 4 weeks, with a washout period of 4 weeks in between. Results: Compared to the control period, reduced glutathione concentration (p = 0.019) and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (p < 0.001) were significantly higher, and oxidized glutathione (p = 0.018) and malondialdehyde (p = 0.002) concentrations were significantly lower in the supplementation period. Conclusion: Eri silkworm supplementation as cornflakes for 4 weeks improved oxidative stress and antioxidant status in male university athletes. This supplement may be an alternative to support optimal antioxidant status for athletic individuals. Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR): TCTR20180303003.