Nutrition and health最新文献

BackgroundDietary patterns are linked to obesity and metabolic health.AimTo explore associations between dietary patterns, adiposity, and metabolic syndrome risk in Pacific and New Zealand (NZ) European women.MethodsPacific (n = 126) and NZ European (n = 161) women aged 18-45 years from Auckland were recruited based on BMI (normal weight and obesity) with approximately half in each ethnic group. Body fat percentage (BF%) was assessed with DXA and used to stratify participants into low (<35%) or high (≥35%) BF% groups. Dietary intake was assessed using a 5-day food record and semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, analyzed with the National Cancer Institute method. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis. Fasting blood was analyzed for insulin, glucose, and lipids. Metabolic syndrome was defined using harmonized criteria.ResultsFour dietary patterns were identified: Vegetarian, Processed, Prudent, and Keto. Regression analysis controlling for ethnicity, age, socioeconomic deprivation, energy intake, and physical activity showed that higher adherence to Vegetarian and Prudent patterns characterized by "core" foods was inversely associated with BF% and visceral fat% (p < 0.05). Higher adherence to Processed and Keto patterns (characterized by "discretionary," and less "core" foods, respectively) was positively associated with BMI, BF%, and visceral fat% for both ethnic groups. Every 1 unit increase in adherence to the Processed pattern was associated with 50% higher odds of metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.53 [95% CI: 1.02, 2.30], p = 0.042).ConclusionGreater adherence to "core" food patterns was associated with lower adiposity and metabolic disease risk, while patterns high in processed "discretionary" foods and less diversity of "core" foods were associated with higher metabolic risk.

BackgroundCircadian rhythm, the body's internal clock, synchronises with the 24-h light-dark cycle and is influenced by environmental cues such as light exposure and meal timing. Disruptions in this rhythm due to modern lifestyle factors, including irregular eating schedules, are linked to increased risks of cardiometabolic diseases. Time-restricted eating (TRE), which limits food intake to an 8-12 h window, often aligns with daytime (diurnal) eating and supports circadian alignment. In contrast, nocturnal TRE patterns, such as during Ramadan, may disrupt this rhythm by shifting food intake to nighttime.AimTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the differential impacts of diurnal and nocturnal TRE on cardiometabolic health and circadian rhythm in healthy adults.MethodsThis review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023374947). A comprehensive search will be conducted using PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and full texts, extract data using a standardized form and assess risk of bias. Qualitative and quantitative (meta-analysis) synthesis will be conducted where appropriate.SummaryThis protocol outlines the methodology for synthesising current evidence on the differential effects of diurnal versus nocturnal TRE patterns. The findings will inform future dietary interventions aimed at optimising cardiometabolic health through circadian-aligned nutrition strategies.

BackgroundMalnutrition and weight loss (WL) are frequent in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) during radiotherapy (RT), affecting treatment tolerance and outcomes. Nutritional interventions aim to minimize WL and support therapy completion, yet the prognostic value of WL during RT remains unclear.Aims/ObjectivesTo systematically evaluate the prognostic impact of WL before, during and after RT in patients with HNC.Methods/MethodologyThis systematic review included studies from 2012 involving adult patients treated with definitive or postoperative RT for HNC, studies were eligible if WL/body mass index (BMI) change was analysed versus survival outcomes (overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS)/cancer-specific survival, disease-free survival (DFS)). A structured PubMed and Cochrane search was conducted and results were synthesized narratively.Results/FindingsEight studies met the inclusion criteria. Pretreatment WL > 10% consistently predicted inferior OS and disease-specific survival (DSS). WL during RT varied widely between studies: most reported no association with OS, whereas single studies reported worse DSS with critical WL, worse OS with ΔBMI >1 kg/m², or an apparent survival advantage with greater WL. Posttreatment WL ≥ 10% was associated with reduced DFS. Comparability was limited by heterogeneous WL definitions, timing and treatment techniques.ConclusionPretreatment WL is a strong negative prognostic factor in HNC, whereas evidence for WL during or after RT remains inconsistent. Standardized WL assessment and structured nutritional support should be integrated into routine RT care. Future prospective studies using harmonized definitions are needed to clarify prognostic relevance and guide evidence-based nutrition management.

Background: While there are numerous dietary quality indices for individuals, a longitudinal population-level index is missing from the literature. This article presents a novel population-level dietary index, the Population Eating Quality Index (PEQI) that measures a country's annual dietary quality. Methods: Using data from the Food and Agriculture Organization and the Global Dietary Database, PEQI comprises of ten waste-adjusted food items for which weighted scores are assigned according to their effect on human health. Associations between the PEQI and health outcomes for a panel of developed countries were studied to further validate the instrument. Results: PEQI shows a slight upward trend with Greece and Czech Republic scoring the highest and lowest average scores, respectively. The index shows good predictive ability regarding life expectancy at birth and premature mortality, for an average developed country. Specifically, a one standard deviation increase in PEQI was associated with 3.23-3.45 years (a 26%-28%) increase (rate decrease) in life expectancy (potential years of life lost). Moreover, the direction of associations held even when adding a 1-year lag of the outcome in the models. Conclusions: PEQI has multiple potential applications in the ecological study of health and nutrition as an exposure or even as an outcome.

BackgroundWith the rise in availability of herbal supplements, there has been a similarly expanding landscape of online information about these supplements.Aims/ObjectivesThis study identifies commonly used herbal supplements, their ingredients, oxalate content, and the reliability of their online information.Methods/MethodologyA survey was administered to members of a nephrolithiasis Facebook group on their use of herbal supplements. The top 10 bestselling herbal supplements on Amazon and their common ingredients were identified. Consumer interest and online engagement with these ingredients were analyzed using Google Trends and BuzzSumo. The reliability of the top 10 articles for each ingredient was rated using the DISCERN questionnaire. Oxalate content was quantified by ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.Results/FindingsThe most common ingredients in supplements were black pepper, ginger, apple cider vinegar, and turmeric. Google Trends identified apple cider vinegar, ginger, and turmeric as search terms of high interest. BuzzSumo revealed the highest article engagement and video views for apple cider vinegar. For all ingredients, average DISCERN scores for the most popular articles were in the "poor reliability" category. Turmeric-containing and standalone turmeric formulations were found to have the highest oxalate levels, with ranges of 2.69-54.8 mg/g and 15-19.5 mg/g, respectively.ConclusionsHigh consumer interest in herbal supplements combined with unreliable online information highlights the need for high-quality, evidence-based information. With popular herbal supplements containing varying amounts of oxalate, it may be useful for those providing care for kidney stone formers to familiarize themselves with popular herbal products and their lithogenic potential.

Antecedents: Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses, contributing to chronic diseases. While extensively studied in athletes, its relevance in untrained individuals and the role of nutritional interventions such as beetroot juice (Beta vulgaris) (BRJ) remain less explored. Objective: To systematically evaluate the effects of BRJ on oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant capacity in non-athletic adults. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Cochrane guidelines. Experimental studies comparing BRJ to placebo in untrained adults, assessing redox biomarkers, were included. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB-2, certainty of evidence with GRADE, and pooled effects calculated using a random effects model. Results: Seven studies (n = 360) met inclusion criteria. BRJ significantly reduced oxidative damage biomarkers (SMD = -0.42; 95% CI: -0.75 to -0.09; p = 0.01) with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 55%), particularly improving the GSH/GSSG ratio. It also significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (SMD = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.36 to 1.27; p < 0.001), though with high heterogeneity (I² = 81%). Overall risk of bias was low and certainty of evidence high. Conclusion: BRJ supplementation improves oxidative status in untrained adults. Standardization of dose, duration, and product quality is needed to support clinical and public health recommendations.

BackgroundAerobic exercise improves fitness but can induce oxidative stress, muscle damage, and inflammation. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), rich in lignans and antioxidants, may help reduce these effects and support immune function.AimThis systematic review examines the synergistic effects of sesame supplementation and aerobic exercise on oxidative stress, muscle damage, immune response, and inflammatory markers in athletes.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and EMBASE was conducted up to September 2024. Eligible randomized controlled trials included semiprofessional athletes receiving sesame supplementation (oil, extract, capsule, or whole seed) for ≥4 weeks, with placebo or no-supplement comparators under identical training protocols. Primary outcomes assessed oxidative stress biomarkers, muscle damage markers, inflammatory cytokines, and immune response parameters.ResultsA total of 290 studies were initially identified, with four randomized controlled trials meeting the inclusion criteria after screening. These trials, spanning 4-10 weeks with a total of 140 participants, revealed that sesame supplementation significantly enhanced antioxidant defenses, as indicated by increased levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and vitamins A, C, and E, while reducing oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, the combination of aerobic exercise and sesame improved anti-inflammatory markers, including a reduction in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), though cytokine modulation appeared to be primarily attributable to exercise alone.ConclusionThese findings highlight the potential of sesame supplementation as a natural adjunct to exercise regimens in mitigating oxidative and inflammatory stress, with implications for enhancing athletic performance and recovery.

Background and Aim: Over the years, U.S. health care cost has been increasing. Studies in the public health domain have studied food behavior to improve health, but direct relationship between food behavior and health expenditure is yet to be investigated. We examine this relation to understand and inform the current policy shift toward food as medicine. Methods: National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS) 2012-13 and Grossman's model is used to estimate the association between food behavior and health expenditures. Multiple regression model is analyzed, controlling for confounding households' financial behavior and sociodemographic variables. Results: Among the full sample (4029), the average monthly household health expenditure in the years 2012-2013 was $191, while the monthly mean total household income was $3391. Multiple linear regression results indicate that respondents who reported "eating healthy" had significantly lower health-related expenses (β = -20.71; p < 0.05). Time-constrained individuals who did not eat healthily had higher other (β = 41.68; p < 0.05) and total expenditures (β = 52.08; p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights the significant relationship between healthy eating behaviors, financial constraints, and expenditure patterns. Results also reveal a complex relationship between food consumption behavior and health expenditures. Households that prioritize healthy eating tend to have lower health-related expenses but higher other expenditures. In addition, those who are constrained by time also face greater overall costs. Financial stressors, such as unexpected expenses and higher debt payments, correlate with increased health expenditures. These findings emphasize the need for policies that promote healthy eating accessibility and financial well-being.

BackgroundEriodictyol is a flavonoid primarily found in citrus fruits for dietary consumption. Laboratory studies have shown that it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which help prevent colorectal cancer (CRC). However, consuming eriodictyol through citrus drinks and added sugars may increase the risk of CRC. These beverages can raise blood sugar levels and disrupt the gut microbiome, potentially increasing the risk of CRC.AimThis study aims to evaluate the relationship between dietary intake of eriodictyol flavonoid, commonly consumed through citrus drinks or sugar-sweetened orange beverages, and the increased risk of CRC, as well as its connection with diabetic patients.MethodsData from 53,914 participants in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial were analyzed using Dietary Questionnaire (DQX) and Dietary History Questionnaire (DHQ). LASSO regression identified significant associations, while restricted cubic spline analysis examined nonlinear relationships between eriodictyol intake and CRC risk.ResultsDiabetes was confirmed as a significant risk factor for CRC in both the DHQ and DQX cohorts. Additionally, higher eriodictyol intake was associated with increased CRC risk in the DQX group, suggesting a possible link between diabetes, elevated eriodictyol consumption, and CRC development. The primary source of dietary eriodictyol in the USA is sugar-sweetened beverages.ConclusionsThe findings show that hyperglycemic patients have a notably higher risk of CRC, and this increased risk remains even with dietary intake of eriodictyol, a flavonoid commonly found in citrus fruits and increasingly consumed through citrus beverages in industrialized countries.