Nutrition and health最新文献

Background: Nutrition assessment is the first step of the nutrition care process (NCP), which includes investigating physical status and malnutrition signs. With the widespread digitalization of healthcare in Indonesia, including telehealth in dietetic practice (telenutrition), evidence is required to address the barriers and improve the current practice of conducting remote physical assessments.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the adaptation of nutrition-focused physical examination (NFPE) using telenutrition in Indonesia.

Methods: This qualitative study recruited Indonesian registered dietitians (RD) with experience in performing NCP using video conferences, phone calls, or other remote/online platforms. The search for participants was conducted until the information was considered sufficient. Data were collected using semistructured in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results: Eleven RDs were interviewed via video conference. Three themes emerged from the analysis: (1) feasibility and practicality, (2) barriers, and (3) adaptations and pre-requisites of remote physical assessment. Remote physical assessment was considered not practical by the majority. Barriers were categorized into technological challenges, lack of NFPE training and practice, and challenges in involving patients. Pre-appointment preparations, guiding the patients through video calls, or asking patients to send images of their bodies are adaptations needed for remote physical assessment.

Conclusion: Challenges in remote physical assessment could be minimized by establishing protocols to deliver standardized care and ensure session efficiency. Additionally, strengthening the implementation and training of NFPE for dietitians in Indonesia is of paramount importance.

Background: Childhood obesity is a global public health concern associated with various health risks, including disrupted sleep patterns. Aim: This study investigated the effects of kiwifruit consumption and small-sided soccer games (SSSG) over 4 weeks on sleep patterns in overweight/obese children with sleep problems. Methods: Thirty-six participants, aged 8 to 12 years with a body mass index above the 85th percentile, were randomly assigned to one of three groups: SSSG only (n = 12), SSSG-kiwifruit (SSSG-K, n = 12), or control (CG, n = 12). Sleep patterns were monitor 1 week before, and during the first and last 2 weeks of the intervention. The CG group maintained their usual routines without structured physical activity. The SSSG and SSSG-K groups, both engaged in SSSG type of training two to three times per week, with the SSSG-K group also consuming on a daily basis two kiwifruits 1 hour before bedtime. Results: In the final 2 weeks, the SSSG group demonstrated significant improvements in sleep efficiency (p = 0.03), sleep latency (p < 0.001), and bedtime timing (p < 0.001) compared to baseline. The SSSG-K group also showed significant improvements in sleep efficiency, sleep latency, and total sleep time compared to baseline, and relative to CG, and SSSG groups during the 4 weeks (all p < 0.05). Additionally, SSSG-K participants had earlier bedtimes and increased time in bed compared to their baseline (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Combining kiwifruit consumption with SSSG exercise effectively enhances sleep patterns in overweight/obese children.

Aim: The systematic review summarizes the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of iron replacement in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase up to April 2024. Eligible studies investigating iron replacement therapy in pulmonary hypertension patients were included in the review. Quality assessment of included studies was performed using standardized risk of bias tools. Results: Five studies met the study-eligible criteria and were included for review. Out of all final selected five studies, one was a randomized control trial (RCT), two were non-RCT, and two were observational studies. We observed an improvement in the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) test, iron indices, peak oxygen intake, and anaerobic threshold after the iron replacement. In all included studies, the iron replacement was tolerated well with no serious adverse events. Conclusion: Regardless of the variation in the study design, positive effects were observed on multiple outcome measures like the 6MWD test, cardiopulmonary exercise test parameter, and iron indices upon iron replacement in PH patients with iron deficiency. Further controlled trials are needed to enable better treatment group comparisons. Exploring long-term impacts on comorbidities, mortality, and disease progression would provide valuable insights for managing pulmonary hypertension.

Aim: This study among moderately fit male athletes investigated changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant levels after supplementation with Eri silkworm cornflakes. Method: Male university athletes (n = 18, age 19-21 years) were enrolled in a randomized crossover trial. They participated in either the supplementation period (consuming 0.20 g protein/kg body weight Eri silkworm daily) or the control period (no supplementation). Each period lasted 4 weeks, with a washout period of 4 weeks in between. Results: Compared to the control period, reduced glutathione concentration (p = 0.019) and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (p < 0.001) were significantly higher, and oxidized glutathione (p = 0.018) and malondialdehyde (p = 0.002) concentrations were significantly lower in the supplementation period. Conclusion: Eri silkworm supplementation as cornflakes for 4 weeks improved oxidative stress and antioxidant status in male university athletes. This supplement may be an alternative to support optimal antioxidant status for athletic individuals. Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR): TCTR20180303003.

Background: Nutritional knowledge and body image concerns are key factors influencing dietary intake and health among athletes, particularly in lean-type sports. This study investigates these variables among elite race walkers from the United Kingdom and Ireland, a cohort selected for the prominence of race walking in their national sports programmes and unique cultural contexts. Aim: The study aims to assess the relationship between nutritional knowledge, body image, and dietary intake in elite race walkers, and explore the potential risk of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). Methods: Eight elite race walkers (seven males, one female) were assessed using the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ) and the Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire. Dietary intake was evaluated through detailed food diaries and analysed against established nutritional guidelines. The Goldberg cut-off method was employed to identify dietary misreporters. Results: Despite moderate nutritional knowledge (58.93 ± 8.68%), athletes displayed suboptimal dietary habits with prevalent over-reporting. Carbohydrate intake was below recommended levels (5.4 ± 1.0 g/kg/day), while protein intake exceeded guidelines (2.0 g/kg/day). Body image dissatisfaction was common, particularly in the single female athlete, who scored highest on both nutritional knowledge and body image avoidance (BIAQ score: 62). The findings suggest a possible link between body image concerns and inappropriate dietary behaviours, increasing the risk of RED-S. Conclusion: While the study highlights the complex interplay between nutritional knowledge, body image dissatisfaction, and dietary intake, the small sample size (N = 8), particularly the inclusion of only one female athlete, limits the generalizability of the findings and introduces a potential bias in sex-specific interpretations. Future research should include larger, more diverse populations.

Background: Restrictive eating behaviors, widespread in humans and animals, are often conceptualized as maladaptive, but may serve adaptive purposes under specific circumstances.

Aim: To investigate the adaptive potential of restrictive eating behaviors.

Methods: Computational models explored the relationship between food availability, basal metabolic rate, and restrictive eating behaviors. The evolutionary conservation of genes associated with both basal metabolic rate and restrictive eating behaviors was evaluated.

Results: The propensity to engage in restrictive eating behaviors protected against negative energy balances at times of food volatility, implying ecological fitness potential. A high degree of conservation across species was observed in retrieved genes, implying selective evolutionary constraints.

Conclusion: Restrictive eating behaviors may represent a maladaptive outcome of evolutionary constraints on protective metabolic mechanisms. The higher prevalence of restrictive eating in women could stem from a greater reliance on protective strategies, highlighting the need for further exploration of sex-specific genetic and environmental interactions.

Background: Young Australian drinkers (aged 18-24 years) are more likely to consume alcohol at risky levels than any other age group. The increased availability and diversity of low alcohol beverages (LAB)s available to Australian consumers presents an opportunity for young drinkers to moderate their drinking behaviours. Aim: To explore young risky drinkers' awareness, perceptions and behaviours towards LAB products. Study Type: A cross-sectional online survey of 159 young Australian risky drinkers aged 18-24 years. Methods: Demographic information, LAB awareness, previous consumption and perceptions of LABs reducing alcohol consumption were captured. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-squared analyses and binomial logistic regression were used to explore data. Results: Overall, 51% of respondents had previously consumed LABs, with most doing so on a few occasions. The choice to consume LABs was influenced by factors including friend and family influence (28%), curiosity (28%) and the purposeful intent to reduce alcohol intake (27%). In contrast, factors preventing the consumption of LABs included individuals' intent to get drunk (58%), a lack of consideration of LABs (49%) and the perception that higher strength beverages were more desirable (35%). The majority of respondents (63%) agreed that LAB products would assist them and their peers to moderate alcohol consumption behaviours. Conclusion: The majority of young risky drinkers surveyed have consumed LAB products on a limited number of occasions or not at all. There are several factors likely preventing greater uptake of these products. Further work is required to explore whether greater exposure to the diversity of LAB products can moderate alcohol consumption behaviours.

Background: Folic acid (FA) supplementation is widely regarded as a key nutritional intervention during pregnancy due to its protective effect against neural tube defects. Recent research has reported FA supplementation outcomes on offspring's health, with increased incidences of allergy/respiratory problems. Aim: This study evaluates if increased levels of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) are associated with DNA modification, leading to disruption of cell proliferation in fetal lung cells and increasing susceptibility to asthma. Methods: Two fetal lung cells, MRC5 and IMR90, were treated with nine concentrations of 5-MTHF for six time points. Cell viability was evaluated using Trypan Blue staining. Flow cytometry analysis to quantify DNA content in cells was done with a propidium iodide stain. Followed by 1.6 mM glutathione treatment to alleviate the oxidative stress caused by 5-MTHF. A quantitative test for DNA damage was executed using neutral and alkaline comet assay. Gene expression study for five genes namely MTR, MTHFD1, XRCC1, Pol β, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was evaluated using a 2-step quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Fetal lung cell survival rate remained unaffected with 5-MTHF concentration below 1.25 µM. Beyond this concentration, cell viability is reduced with an increase in concentration. Cell cycle analysis revealed cell arrest in the G₁ phase. The antioxidant activity of glutathione led the cells to bypass this arrest. Precisely, 10 and 50 µM 5-MTHF concentrations led to double-strand DNA breaks and single-strand DNA breaks. Gene expression study revealed lower expression of the MTR gene and higher expression of MTHFD1, EGFR, XRCC1, and DNA Pol β gene with an increase in 5-MTHF concentration. Conclusion: 5-MTHF concentration higher than 1.25 µM led to DNA damage in MRC5 and IMR90 human fetal lung cells.

Background: Composting is a practical solution to the burgeoning global problem of food waste, which is a significant contributor to landfills and associated environmental effects. Dissemination of accurate information regarding the microbial-driven composting process is critical to positive outcomes.

Aim: To describe the content of news articles addressing composting.

Methods: A search was conducted on Google News using keywords, "composting" and the first 100 English-language articles were analyzed for content. The 12 content categories were derived from a United States Department of Agriculture information guide on composting. Details regarding the source of the news article were included. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and chi-square tests of independence were conducted.

Results: Only 17% of the sample were professional sources. Among the 12 content categories, environmental benefits of composting had maximum coverage (68%). Inclusion of the topics of environmental benefits (p = 0.03) and role of composting in landfill reduction (p = 0.03) was significantly associated with the article being a professional source.

Conclusions: The Internet presents opportunities for food and environmental experts to disseminate accurate information regarding composting, and partner at various levels into recycle food and organic waste to value-added products.

Background: Weight-class athletes commonly engage in rapid weight loss (RWL) practices.

Aim: Investigate attributed RWL perceptions and thoughts of UK-based Olympic weightlifters.

Methods: Participants (n: 39, male: 22, female: 17) were selected from International Weightlifting Federation populations, 85% had previously acutely reduced pre-competition body mass. The 'Pre-competition weight management practices questionnaire' featured open-ended questions concerning feelings, mood and thoughts during RWL. Qualitative responses were subsequently analysed using content analysis principles.

Results: Negative thoughts and perceptions were commonly attributed concerning RWL, of which codes: irritation, hunger, fatigue, anxiety and low mood accounted for 72% of the 72 data extracts. Females more frequently attributed codes of anxiety, hunger and low mood.

Conclusion: The prevalence of negative thoughts and perceptions of RWL accord to previous reports within strength-sport athletes. Olympic weightlifting athletes and coaches should contemplate if negative feelings/mood perceived during RWL are a tolerable factor within pre-event preparation to compete in a desired weight class.