Background & Aims: University students are prone to changes in their health status and lifestyle due to changes in their living environment and associated stress and anxiety. These changes may affect them in later life. This study utilized a cross-sectional study among Japanese female university students to examine dietary factors affecting their fecal microbiota. Methods: Sixty-eight healthy female university students were evaluated using an eating behavior assessment and diet history questionnaire. The 12-component Japanese diet index (JDI-12) was then calculated. A quantitative real-time PCR method was used to analyze the predominant bacterial species in the gut, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) at the phylum level was calculated. The partial correlation between the fecal microbiota and eating behavior abnormality score was assessed, and dietary habits associated with the F/B ratio were analyzed. Results: A significant correlation was identified between F/B ratios and the eating behavior abnormality score (r = 0.26, FDR = 0.064). Additionally, multiple regression analysis identified a negative correlation trend between the F/B ratio and JDI-12 score (β = -0.22; p = 0.091), and exploratory analysis found a negative association between the F/B ratio and consumption of beef and pork, one of the less beneficial JDI-12 components (β = -0.33, FDR = 0.120). Conclusion: In healthy female university students, there was a positive correlation between eating behavior abnormality and the F/B ratio, indicating that adherence to the Japanese diet pattern may be associated with a lower F/B ratio.
{"title":"Association of eating habits and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio among Japanese female university students: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Genya Okada, Ryota Mabuchi, Chisako Kambara, Shota Tanimoto, Tamotsu Fujii","doi":"10.1177/02601060221129771","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02601060221129771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background & Aims:</b> University students are prone to changes in their health status and lifestyle due to changes in their living environment and associated stress and anxiety. These changes may affect them in later life. This study utilized a cross-sectional study among Japanese female university students to examine dietary factors affecting their fecal microbiota. <b>Methods:</b> Sixty-eight healthy female university students were evaluated using an eating behavior assessment and diet history questionnaire. The 12-component Japanese diet index (JDI-12) was then calculated. A quantitative real-time PCR method was used to analyze the predominant bacterial species in the gut, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) at the phylum level was calculated. The partial correlation between the fecal microbiota and eating behavior abnormality score was assessed, and dietary habits associated with the F/B ratio were analyzed. <b>Results:</b> A significant correlation was identified between F/B ratios and the eating behavior abnormality score (r = 0.26, FDR = 0.064). Additionally, multiple regression analysis identified a negative correlation trend between the F/B ratio and JDI-12 score (β = -0.22; p = 0.091), and exploratory analysis found a negative association between the F/B ratio and consumption of beef and pork, one of the less beneficial JDI-12 components (β = -0.33, FDR = 0.120). <b>Conclusion:</b> In healthy female university students, there was a positive correlation between eating behavior abnormality and the F/B ratio, indicating that adherence to the Japanese diet pattern may be associated with a lower F/B ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40385828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2022-10-11DOI: 10.1177/02601060221130889
Koji Sato, Kaori Seto
Background Diosgenin, extracted from Dioscorea esculenta, has been reported to decrease prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels and any other inflammatory cytokine in rodents. However, it is still unclear whether D. esculenta intake suppressed PGE2 production and menstrual pain and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in younger female. Aim This study aims to investigate the effect of D. esculenta intake on PGE2 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (COX-2) levels and on menstrual pain and PMS in young women. This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Methods Ten healthy young females were administered either a placebo or D. esculenta (300 mg/day) for 4 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout period. Fasting blood sample was taken from the fingertips on the second day of menstrual cycle began and obtained 24h before the last D. esculenta to avoid acute effects. Participants then switched treatments for 4 weeks as a second trial. Plasma PGE2 and COX-2 levels were measured before and after each trial. The visual analogue scale (VAS), McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ), and Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) were also evaluated. The study was set and conducted from 2019 to 2020. Results PGE2 and COX-2 levels significantly decreased after D. esculenta intake compared to placebo (p = 0.038, p = 0.042 each). The VAS and DRSP scores were also significantly lower after D. esculenta intake (p = 0.046, p = 0.035 each). Conclusion Four-week D. esculenta intake suppressed PGE2 and COX-2 levels resulting in an improvement in PMS symptoms and menstrual pain in young women.
{"title":"The effect of <i>Dioscorea esculenta</i> powder on prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 levels, menstrual pain, and premenstrual syndrome in young women: A randomized double-blind controlled trial.","authors":"Koji Sato, Kaori Seto","doi":"10.1177/02601060221130889","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02601060221130889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b> Diosgenin, extracted from <i>Dioscorea esculenta</i>, has been reported to decrease prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) levels and any other inflammatory cytokine in rodents. However, it is still unclear whether <i>D. esculenta</i> intake suppressed PGE<sub>2</sub> production and menstrual pain and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in younger female. <b>Aim</b> This study aims to investigate the effect of <i>D. esculenta</i> intake on PGE<sub>2</sub> and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (COX-2) levels and on menstrual pain and PMS in young women. This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. <b>Methods</b> Ten healthy young females were administered either a placebo or <i>D. esculenta</i> (300 mg/day) for 4 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout period. Fasting blood sample was taken from the fingertips on the second day of menstrual cycle began and obtained 24h before the last <i>D. esculenta</i> to avoid acute effects. Participants then switched treatments for 4 weeks as a second trial. Plasma PGE<sub>2</sub> and COX-2 levels were measured before and after each trial. The visual analogue scale (VAS), McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ), and Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) were also evaluated. The study was set and conducted from 2019 to 2020. <b>Results</b> PGE<sub>2</sub> and COX-2 levels significantly decreased after <i>D. esculenta</i> intake compared to placebo (<i>p</i> = 0.038, <i>p</i> = 0.042 each). The VAS and DRSP scores were also significantly lower after <i>D. esculenta</i> intake (<i>p</i> = 0.046, <i>p</i> = 0.035 each). <b>Conclusion</b> Four-week <i>D. esculenta</i> intake suppressed PGE<sub>2</sub> and COX-2 levels resulting in an improvement in PMS symptoms and menstrual pain in young women.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33499538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2022-11-04DOI: 10.1177/02601060221133897
David Colozza
Background: Increased consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks high in unhealthy fats, salt and sugar is a major driver behind rising non-communicable disease rates in Asia-Pacific. Urban residence is considered a risk factor for increased consumption of these products; yet, evidence on consumption behaviours and drivers from urban populations in the region remains limited. Aim: To understand perceptions and drivers of unhealthy fats, salt and sugar foods and drinks consumption and eating out behaviours in Yogyakarta city, Indonesia. Methods: In-depth qualitative data were collected through open-ended interviews and prolonged interactions in the local food environment, from a purposeful sample (N = 45) equally distributed across three urban communities. Data were analysed according to the principles of content analysis and following an iterative approach. Results: Despite showing high nutritional health awareness, respondents and their household members consumed ultra-processed foods high in unhealthy fats, salt and sugar regularly. Home consumption of these products was based primarily on economic considerations and convenience, but also related to attending requests from other family members, individual preferences and tastes, and social functions. Similarly, despite a reported preference for home-cooked traditional foods, several participants or their family members would frequently eat ready-made meals away from home, due to conflicting school or work commitments. Discussion: Results suggest that public health interventions focused on nutrition education among Indonesian communities should be coupled with measures addressing urban food environment characteristics that promote the consumption of unhealthy diets, be tailored to specific age groups, and leverage traditional food cultures.
{"title":"A qualitative exploration of ultra-processed foods consumption and eating out behaviours in an Indonesian urban food environment.","authors":"David Colozza","doi":"10.1177/02601060221133897","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02601060221133897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Increased consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks high in unhealthy fats, salt and sugar is a major driver behind rising non-communicable disease rates in Asia-Pacific. Urban residence is considered a risk factor for increased consumption of these products; yet, evidence on consumption behaviours and drivers from urban populations in the region remains limited. <b>Aim:</b> To understand perceptions and drivers of unhealthy fats, salt and sugar foods and drinks consumption and eating out behaviours in Yogyakarta city, Indonesia. <b>Methods:</b> In-depth qualitative data were collected through open-ended interviews and prolonged interactions in the local food environment, from a purposeful sample (<i>N</i> = 45) equally distributed across three urban communities. Data were analysed according to the principles of content analysis and following an iterative approach. <b>Results:</b> Despite showing high nutritional health awareness, respondents and their household members consumed ultra-processed foods high in unhealthy fats, salt and sugar regularly. Home consumption of these products was based primarily on economic considerations and convenience, but also related to attending requests from other family members, individual preferences and tastes, and social functions. Similarly, despite a reported preference for home-cooked traditional foods, several participants or their family members would frequently eat ready-made meals away from home, due to conflicting school or work commitments. <b>Discussion:</b> Results suggest that public health interventions focused on nutrition education among Indonesian communities should be coupled with measures addressing urban food environment characteristics that promote the consumption of unhealthy diets, be tailored to specific age groups, and leverage traditional food cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11408947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40446700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2022-10-07DOI: 10.1177/02601060221129144
Mohammad Hossein Somi, Masood Faghih Dinevari, Ali Taghizadieh, Mojtaba Varshochi, Elham Sadeghi Majd, Samaneh Abbasian, Zeinab Nikniaz
Introduction: Vitamin A is one of the vitamins that is suggested as adjuvant therapy in viral infections due to its immune enhancing role. In the present clinical trial, we intended to assess the effect of vitamin A supplementation on Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients.
Methods: The present pilot randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 30 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Patients in the intervention group received 50000 IU/day intramuscular vitamin A for a maximum of two weeks. Patients in the control group continued their common treatment protocols. All participants were followed up until discharge from the hospital or death. The primary outcome of the study was time to achieve clinical response based on the six classes of an ordinal scale. Time to clinical response was calculated based on the days needed to improve two scores on the scale or patient's discharge.
Results: The time to clinical response was not significantly different between the two groups (7.23 ± 2.14 vs. 6.75 ± 1.85 days, respectively, p = 0.48). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding clinical response (hazard ratio: 1.76 [95% CI: 0.73, 4.26]). There were no significant differences between groups regarding the need for mechanical ventilation, duration of hospitalization, or death in the hospital.
Conclusion: The results of this pilot clinical trial showed no benefit of vitamin A compared with the common treatment on outcome severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Although the results are negative, there is still a great need for future clinical studies to provide a higher level of evidence.
简介维生素 A 具有增强免疫力的作用,因此被建议作为病毒感染的辅助疗法。在本临床试验中,我们打算评估补充维生素 A 对住院患者冠状病毒病-2019(COVID-19)的影响:方法:本试验性随机对照临床试验针对 30 名住院的 COVID-19 患者。干预组患者每天肌肉注射 50000 IU 维生素 A,最多两周。对照组患者继续接受普通治疗方案。所有参与者均接受随访,直至出院或死亡。研究的主要结果是根据六级序数量表得出的临床反应时间。临床反应时间的计算方法是,在量表上提高两个分数或患者出院所需的天数:两组患者的临床反应时间差异不大(分别为 7.23±2.14 天和 6.75±1.85 天,P = 0.48)。两组在临床反应方面无明显差异(危险比:1.76 [95% CI:0.73, 4.26])。在机械通气需求、住院时间或住院期间死亡方面,组间无明显差异:这项试验性临床试验的结果表明,与普通治疗相比,维生素 A 对 COVID-19 住院患者的病情严重程度没有益处。虽然结果是负面的,但仍亟需未来的临床研究提供更高水平的证据。
{"title":"Effect of vitamin A supplementation on the outcome severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: A pilot randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Somi, Masood Faghih Dinevari, Ali Taghizadieh, Mojtaba Varshochi, Elham Sadeghi Majd, Samaneh Abbasian, Zeinab Nikniaz","doi":"10.1177/02601060221129144","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02601060221129144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vitamin A is one of the vitamins that is suggested as adjuvant therapy in viral infections due to its immune enhancing role. In the present clinical trial, we intended to assess the effect of vitamin A supplementation on Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present pilot randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 30 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Patients in the intervention group received 50000 IU/day intramuscular vitamin A for a maximum of two weeks. Patients in the control group continued their common treatment protocols. All participants were followed up until discharge from the hospital or death. The primary outcome of the study was time to achieve clinical response based on the six classes of an ordinal scale. Time to clinical response was calculated based on the days needed to improve two scores on the scale or patient's discharge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The time to clinical response was not significantly different between the two groups (7.23 ± 2.14 vs. 6.75 ± 1.85 days, respectively, p = 0.48). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding clinical response (hazard ratio: 1.76 [95% CI: 0.73, 4.26]). There were no significant differences between groups regarding the need for mechanical ventilation, duration of hospitalization, or death in the hospital.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this pilot clinical trial showed no benefit of vitamin A compared with the common treatment on outcome severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Although the results are negative, there is still a great need for future clinical studies to provide a higher level of evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9548486/pdf/10.1177_02601060221129144.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33492715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1177/02601060241273570
Turki M Alanzi, Abdulaziz Alharthi, Abdullah Alessa, Ahlam Saleh Alhajri, Sobhia Abanmi, Abdulrahman Khalifah, Fatimah H Althanayan, Sarah AlRubaya, Mariam Almahaish, Wedyan Alrefai, Manal Madan, Taif Allahyani, Reyouf Alsulami, Amjad Saadah, Nouf Alanzi
Study purpose: this study aims to analyze QOL and psychosocial impact on patients with blood disorders.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey design is adopted in this study. The survey questionnaire included SF-36 form for measuring quality of life (QOL), along with psychosocial impact assessment scale. Adult patients with different types of blood disorders were recruited for the survey. Out of the 417 responses received, 389 were considered for data analysis and the remaining were avoided due to incomplete data.
Results: In terms of psychosocial impact scales, the highest mean is observed for financial stress (4.09 ± 1.22), followed by social exclusion (3.76 ± 1.19) and relationship challenges (3.31 ± 1.18). Among the QOL scales, the highest mean was observed for pain (3.81 ± 1.17), followed by physical functioning (3.68 ± 1.12). Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the participants groups characterized by age and type of disorder. Strong positive correlations between social exclusion and general health (r = 0.513), as well as pain and relationship challenges (r = 0.735) were observed.
Conclusion: Given the existing challenges in social exclusion, poor awareness, and support there is a need to develop comprehensive and personalized treatment plans integrating physical and mental support, awareness creation, and financial support.
{"title":"Quality of life and psychosocial impact on patients with blood disorders: An empirical study from patients' perspectives in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Turki M Alanzi, Abdulaziz Alharthi, Abdullah Alessa, Ahlam Saleh Alhajri, Sobhia Abanmi, Abdulrahman Khalifah, Fatimah H Althanayan, Sarah AlRubaya, Mariam Almahaish, Wedyan Alrefai, Manal Madan, Taif Allahyani, Reyouf Alsulami, Amjad Saadah, Nouf Alanzi","doi":"10.1177/02601060241273570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060241273570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study purpose: </strong>this study aims to analyze QOL and psychosocial impact on patients with blood disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey design is adopted in this study. The survey questionnaire included SF-36 form for measuring quality of life (QOL), along with psychosocial impact assessment scale. Adult patients with different types of blood disorders were recruited for the survey. Out of the 417 responses received, 389 were considered for data analysis and the remaining were avoided due to incomplete data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In terms of psychosocial impact scales, the highest mean is observed for financial stress (4.09 ± 1.22), followed by social exclusion (3.76 ± 1.19) and relationship challenges (3.31 ± 1.18). Among the QOL scales, the highest mean was observed for pain (3.81 ± 1.17), followed by physical functioning (3.68 ± 1.12). Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the participants groups characterized by age and type of disorder. Strong positive correlations between social exclusion and general health (r = 0.513), as well as pain and relationship challenges (r = 0.735) were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the existing challenges in social exclusion, poor awareness, and support there is a need to develop comprehensive and personalized treatment plans integrating physical and mental support, awareness creation, and financial support.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Self-compassion is a prevalent factor that has been explored in eating behaviour and weight loss literature. The present study explored the potential relationship between self-compassion and reasons individuals stop eating.
Method: Two hundred and eighty-three participants were recruited from social media platforms and a research participation scheme at a university in the West Midlands, UK, and completed questionnaires on self-compassion and reasons individuals stop eating.
Results: The findings suggested that self-compassion was negatively associated with decreased food appeal, self-consciousness, and decreased food priority, whilst being positively associated with physical satisfaction.
Conclusion: Self-compassion plays a prevalent role in the reasons individuals stop eating, and future research should continue exploring the effect of self-compassion on eating behaviour regulation.
{"title":"Self-compassion and reasons individuals stop eating: An exploratory investigation.","authors":"Misba Hussain, Natasha Dunsmore, Lucy Ung, Michail Mantzios","doi":"10.1177/02601060241266387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060241266387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-compassion is a prevalent factor that has been explored in eating behaviour and weight loss literature. The present study explored the potential relationship between self-compassion and reasons individuals stop eating.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two hundred and eighty-three participants were recruited from social media platforms and a research participation scheme at a university in the West Midlands, UK, and completed questionnaires on self-compassion and reasons individuals stop eating.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings suggested that self-compassion was negatively associated with decreased food appeal, self-consciousness, and decreased food priority, whilst being positively associated with physical satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Self-compassion plays a prevalent role in the reasons individuals stop eating, and future research should continue exploring the effect of self-compassion on eating behaviour regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1177/02601060241276918
Michelle Santos de Souza, Cássia Daniele Zaleski Trindade, Flávio Antônio de Souza Castro, Caroline Buss, Cláudia Dornelles Schneider
Background: Proteins are essential for the maintenance, repair, and growth of muscle mass. This is particularly important for master athletes because aging has been associated with loss of muscle mass, function, and strength. Moreover, the timing of intake has been shown important for the best protein utilization. Aim: To analyze timing, quantity, and source of dietary protein in competitive master athletes according to current recommendations. Methods: Twenty-one male master swimmers (47.9 ± 10.0 years; 79.2 ± 6.5 kg; 179.1 ± 5.5 cm; 23.5 ± 4.9% body fat; 73.3 ± 4.2% lean mass) participated in this cross-sectional study. Protein intake was analyzed based on 7-day food records, regarding quantity, timing, and sources of intake. Protein intake was evaluated according to current international sports nutrition guidelines, including the International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand. Body fat (%) and lean mass (%) were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Participants' mean protein intakes were 1.9 ± 0.5 g/kg/day, 0.6 ± 0.2 g/kg/meal post-training, and 33.5 ± 23.9 g during the pre-sleep period. Daily intake was within the recommended values of 1.4 and 2.0 g/kg/day (p = 0.01 and 0.147, respectively). Mean pre-sleep intake was within the recommendation values of 30-40 g (p = 0.28 and 0.147, respectively). Most of the daily protein intake was consumed at lunch (66.7 ± 6.9 g) and dinner (48.0 ± 4.5 g). Regarding protein sources, intakes from animal, vegetal, and supplements were, respectively, 65.7%, 29.2%, and 5.1%. Conclusion: Master swimmers presented a total protein intake within the recommendations for a daily basis, but the majority of intake was at lunch and dinner. Protein intake could be better distributed throughout the day to optimize protein synthesis. Guidance on daily protein intake distribution should be reinforced in clinical practice.
{"title":"Protein intake by master swimmers: Implications for practice in Sports Nutrition-A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Michelle Santos de Souza, Cássia Daniele Zaleski Trindade, Flávio Antônio de Souza Castro, Caroline Buss, Cláudia Dornelles Schneider","doi":"10.1177/02601060241276918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060241276918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Proteins are essential for the maintenance, repair, and growth of muscle mass. This is particularly important for master athletes because aging has been associated with loss of muscle mass, function, and strength. Moreover, the timing of intake has been shown important for the best protein utilization. <b>Aim:</b> To analyze timing, quantity, and source of dietary protein in competitive master athletes according to current recommendations. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty-one male master swimmers (47.9 ± 10.0 years; 79.2 ± 6.5 kg; 179.1 ± 5.5 cm; 23.5 ± 4.9% body fat; 73.3 ± 4.2% lean mass) participated in this cross-sectional study. Protein intake was analyzed based on 7-day food records, regarding quantity, timing, and sources of intake. Protein intake was evaluated according to current international sports nutrition guidelines, including the International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand. Body fat (%) and lean mass (%) were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. <b>Results:</b> Participants' mean protein intakes were 1.9 ± 0.5 g/kg/day, 0.6 ± 0.2 g/kg/meal post-training, and 33.5 ± 23.9 g during the pre-sleep period. Daily intake was within the recommended values of 1.4 and 2.0 g/kg/day (<i>p</i> = 0.01 and 0.147, respectively). Mean pre-sleep intake was within the recommendation values of 30-40 g (<i>p</i> = 0.28 and 0.147, respectively). Most of the daily protein intake was consumed at lunch (66.7 ± 6.9 g) and dinner (48.0 ± 4.5 g). Regarding protein sources, intakes from animal, vegetal, and supplements were, respectively, 65.7%, 29.2%, and 5.1%. <b>Conclusion:</b> Master swimmers presented a total protein intake within the recommendations for a daily basis, but the majority of intake was at lunch and dinner. Protein intake could be better distributed throughout the day to optimize protein synthesis. Guidance on daily protein intake distribution should be reinforced in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1177/02601060241274440
Jessica Riman, Karen M Keane, Kirsty M Hicks, Georgia Allen, Daniel J Peart
The purpose of this content analysis was to ascertain what nutrition advice or information is freely available on a global scale through each National Governing Body (NGB) webpage. In total, 52 NGBs and the International Federation of Gymnastics (FIG) were identified based on the FIG November 2022 world rankings for both male and female athletes in all disciplines. Concluding observations were that publicly available nutrition advice is limited across the global gymnastics platforms. Conflicting advice was also identified within some organisations surrounding the weighing of gymnasts for hydration purposes and some macronutrient discrepancies thus, potentially impacting the clarity of the message for the reader. Based on this content analysis recommendations for future practice include providing clarity and provision of tools to measure hydration, dietary recommendations should be clear and specific, and a more centralised approach to standardise advice and publicly available information.
{"title":"What nutrition advice is freely available for gymnasts, coaches and parents on their member National Governing Body webpages?","authors":"Jessica Riman, Karen M Keane, Kirsty M Hicks, Georgia Allen, Daniel J Peart","doi":"10.1177/02601060241274440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060241274440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this content analysis was to ascertain what nutrition advice or information is freely available on a global scale through each National Governing Body (NGB) webpage. In total, 52 NGBs and the International Federation of Gymnastics (FIG) were identified based on the FIG November 2022 world rankings for both male and female athletes in all disciplines. Concluding observations were that publicly available nutrition advice is limited across the global gymnastics platforms. Conflicting advice was also identified within some organisations surrounding the weighing of gymnasts for hydration purposes and some macronutrient discrepancies thus, potentially impacting the clarity of the message for the reader. Based on this content analysis recommendations for future practice include providing clarity and provision of tools to measure hydration, dietary recommendations should be clear and specific, and a more centralised approach to standardise advice and publicly available information.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1177/02601060241273884
Charmaine A Duante, M Lynell V Maniego, Mary Bernadette M Velasquez, Romalyn L Tordecilla
Background: Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas (GIDA) are communities physically and socioeconomically separated from mainstream society (non-GIDA) and lack comprehensive nutrition and health assessments. Aim: This study aimed to assess the nutritional and health status and determine the factors associated with chronic energy deficiency (CED) and overweight/obesity among adults, 20-59 years old, residing in GIDA and non-GIDA. Methods: Data of the 20,381 adults collected in the Expanded National Nutrition Survey were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the predictors of CED and overweight/obesity. Results: Chronic energy deficiency and current smoking were significantly higher in GIDA, while overweight/obesity, alcohol consumption, elevated blood pressure, and insufficient physical activity were higher in non-GIDA (p < 0.001). Higher odds of CED was associated with food insecurity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.5, p < 0.001; AOR: 1.3, p < 0.001) and current smoking (AOR: 1.4, p = 0.001; AOR: 1.3, p < 0.001) in both GIDA and non-GIDA while poor wealth (AOR: 1.5, p < 0.001) only in non-GIDA. Higher odds of overweight/obesity was associated with higher age ≥30 years (AOR: 2.1, p < 0.001; AOR: 1.9, p < 0.001), being female (AOR: 1.7, p < 0.001; AOR: 1.3, p < 0.001), with grade level completed (AOR: 1.7, p = 0.004; AOR: 1.2, p = 0.038), urban residence (AOR: 1.2, p = 0.035; AOR: 1.3, p < 0.001), hypertension (AOR: 2.4, p < 0.001; AOR: 2.3, p < 0.001), and insufficient physical activity (AOR: 1.1, p = 0.020; AOR: 1.1, p = 0.027) in both GIDA and non-GIDA. Conclusions: Malnutrition affects GIDA in almost the same magnitude. The double burden of malnutrition and health inequity in GIDA underscores the greater need for comprehensive policies and stronger programs directed toward underserved areas.
背景:地理隔离和处境不利地区(GIDA)是在物理和社会经济上与主流社会(非 GIDA)相隔离的社区,缺乏全面的营养和健康评估。目的:本研究旨在评估居住在 GIDA 和非 GIDA 的 20-59 岁成年人的营养和健康状况,并确定与慢性能量缺乏 (CED) 和超重/肥胖相关的因素。研究方法对扩大的全国营养调查中收集的 20,381 名成年人的数据进行了分析。进行了多变量逻辑回归分析,以确定 CED 和超重/肥胖的预测因素。结果发现在 GIDA 中,慢性能量缺乏和目前吸烟的比例明显较高,而在非 GIDA 中,超重/肥胖、饮酒、血压升高和体力活动不足的比例较高(P P P P = 0.001;AOR:1.3,p p p p p = 0.004;AOR:1.2,p = 0.038),城市居民(AOR:1.2,p = 0.035;AOR:1.3,p p p = 0.020;AOR:1.1,p = 0.027)在 GIDA 和非 GIDA 中均较高。结论营养不良对 GIDA 的影响程度几乎相同。营养不良和健康不平等对全球儿童发展行动造成的双重负担突出表明,更有必要针对服务不足的地区制定全面的政策和更有力的计划。
{"title":"Unraveling the nutrition and health situation of adults in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDA) and non-GIDA in the Philippines: A comparative study.","authors":"Charmaine A Duante, M Lynell V Maniego, Mary Bernadette M Velasquez, Romalyn L Tordecilla","doi":"10.1177/02601060241273884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060241273884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas (GIDA) are communities physically and socioeconomically separated from mainstream society (non-GIDA) and lack comprehensive nutrition and health assessments. <b>Aim:</b> This study aimed to assess the nutritional and health status and determine the factors associated with chronic energy deficiency (CED) and overweight/obesity among adults, 20-59 years old, residing in GIDA and non-GIDA. <b>Methods:</b> Data of the 20,381 adults collected in the Expanded National Nutrition Survey were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the predictors of CED and overweight/obesity. <b>Results:</b> Chronic energy deficiency and current smoking were significantly higher in GIDA, while overweight/obesity, alcohol consumption, elevated blood pressure, and insufficient physical activity were higher in non-GIDA (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Higher odds of CED was associated with food insecurity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.5, <i>p</i> < 0.001; AOR: 1.3, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and current smoking (AOR: 1.4, <i>p</i> = 0.001; AOR: 1.3, <i>p</i> < 0.001) in both GIDA and non-GIDA while poor wealth (AOR: 1.5, <i>p</i> < 0.001) only in non-GIDA. Higher odds of overweight/obesity was associated with higher age ≥30 years (AOR: 2.1, <i>p</i> < 0.001; AOR: 1.9, <i>p</i> < 0.001), being female (AOR: 1.7, <i>p</i> < 0.001; AOR: 1.3, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with grade level completed (AOR: 1.7, <i>p</i> = 0.004; AOR: 1.2, <i>p</i> = 0.038), urban residence (AOR: 1.2, <i>p</i> = 0.035; AOR: 1.3, <i>p</i> < 0.001), hypertension (AOR: 2.4, <i>p</i> < 0.001; AOR: 2.3, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and insufficient physical activity (AOR: 1.1, <i>p</i> = 0.020; AOR: 1.1, <i>p</i> = 0.027) in both GIDA and non-GIDA. <b>Conclusions:</b> Malnutrition affects GIDA in almost the same magnitude. The double burden of malnutrition and health inequity in GIDA underscores the greater need for comprehensive policies and stronger programs directed toward underserved areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1177/02601060241273640
Esmee Ah Verheul, Ebru Horzum, Suzan Dijkink, Pieta Krijnen, Jochem M Hoogendoorn, Sesmu M Arbous, Ron Peters, Inger B Schipper
Background and aims: This exploratory observational prospective study aimed to evaluate fat-soluble vitamin plasma levels during hospital admission and its relation with the development of malnutrition and complications in polytrauma patients, considering the protocolized multivitamin supplementation during intensive care unit (ICU) admission.
Methods: In 49 well-nourished polytrauma (injury severity score ≥ 16) patients admitted to the ICU of two level-1 trauma centers, vitamin A, D, and E levels were assessed weekly during hospital stay. All patients received multivitamin supplementation during ICU stay. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess a trend in vitamin levels over time during hospital stay. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was performed to relate vitamin concentrations with malnutrition, defined as a subjective global assessment score ≤5, and complications.
Results: Vitamin A levels increased 0.17 µmol/L per week (95% confidence interval 0.12-0.22, p < 0.001), vitamin D levels increased 1.49 nmol/L per week (95% confidence interval 0.64-2.33, p < 0.01), vitamin E levels increased 1.17 µmol/L per week (95% confidence interval 0.61-1.73, p < 0.001) during hospital stay (29 ± 17 days). Vitamin levels were not related to malnutrition or complications during hospital stay.
Conclusion: Vitamin A, D, and E levels increased due to supplementation during hospital admission. Plasma levels of vitamins A, D, and E do not seem to be useful as biomarkers for the nutritional status of polytrauma patients during hospital stay. No correlation with complications could be demonstrated.
背景和目的:这项探索性观察前瞻性研究旨在评估多发性创伤患者入院期间的脂溶性维生素血浆水平及其与营养不良和并发症发生的关系,同时考虑重症监护病房(ICU)入院期间的多种维生素补充方案:方法:在两家一级创伤中心的重症监护室收治了49名营养状况良好的多发性创伤患者(伤情严重程度评分≥16分),住院期间每周对其维生素A、D和E水平进行评估。所有患者在重症监护室住院期间都接受了多种维生素的补充。线性混合效应模型用于评估住院期间维生素水平随时间变化的趋势。混合效应逻辑回归分析将维生素浓度与营养不良(定义为主观综合评估得分≤5分)和并发症联系起来:结果:维生素 A 水平每周增加 0.17 µmol/L(95% 置信区间为 0.12-0.22,P入院期间补充维生素A、D和E可提高维生素A、D和E水平。血浆中维生素 A、D 和 E 的水平似乎不能作为多发性创伤患者住院期间营养状况的生物标志物。与并发症之间没有相关性。
{"title":"Fat-soluble vitamins as biomarkers of nutritional status and their relation with complications in polytrauma patients.","authors":"Esmee Ah Verheul, Ebru Horzum, Suzan Dijkink, Pieta Krijnen, Jochem M Hoogendoorn, Sesmu M Arbous, Ron Peters, Inger B Schipper","doi":"10.1177/02601060241273640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060241273640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>This exploratory observational prospective study aimed to evaluate fat-soluble vitamin plasma levels during hospital admission and its relation with the development of malnutrition and complications in polytrauma patients, considering the protocolized multivitamin supplementation during intensive care unit (ICU) admission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 49 well-nourished polytrauma (injury severity score ≥ 16) patients admitted to the ICU of two level-1 trauma centers, vitamin A, D, and E levels were assessed weekly during hospital stay. All patients received multivitamin supplementation during ICU stay. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess a trend in vitamin levels over time during hospital stay. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was performed to relate vitamin concentrations with malnutrition, defined as a subjective global assessment score ≤5, and complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vitamin A levels increased 0.17 µmol/L per week (95% confidence interval 0.12-0.22, p < 0.001), vitamin D levels increased 1.49 nmol/L per week (95% confidence interval 0.64-2.33, p < 0.01), vitamin E levels increased 1.17 µmol/L per week (95% confidence interval 0.61-1.73, p < 0.001) during hospital stay (29 ± 17 days). Vitamin levels were not related to malnutrition or complications during hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin A, D, and E levels increased due to supplementation during hospital admission. Plasma levels of vitamins A, D, and E do not seem to be useful as biomarkers for the nutritional status of polytrauma patients during hospital stay. No correlation with complications could be demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":19352,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}