Nutrition and health最新文献

Background: The use of several glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus is common, but their effects on dietary intake have been little explored.

Aim: Our study aimed to examine the association between the number of GLDs used by adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their diet quality and nutrient intake.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a Brazilian national multicenter randomized clinical trial involving participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged >30 years. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric information and food intake data (24-h dietary recall). Diet quality was assessed by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the association of dietary intake with the number of GLDs in use.

Results: Our analysis included data from a total of 363 participants, mean age of 60.8 ± 9.5 years, and mean glycated hemoglobin of 8.7 ± 1.5%. Of these, 28.1% were taking one GLD; 48.8% were taking two GLDs; and 23.1% were taking ≥3 GLDs. We found no difference in diet quality, but the intake of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids was different between the three groups (p ≤ 0.03). However, this association was no longer seen after adjusting for age, sex, duration of diabetes, prior diagnosis of dyslipidemia, physical activity and mean monthly family income.

Conclusions: We did not find an association between the number of GLDs in use and either diet quality or nutrient intake in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients using nutritional support, considering it's difficult to achieve nutritional goal and great risk to increase malnutrition.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with 102 patients over 18 years in use of enteral and/or parenteral nutritional therapy and monitored by the Nutritional Therapy Committee between December 2021 and August 2022. All data were collected from electronic medical records. Patients were diagnosed with Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) tools by the researchers.

Results: A total of 102 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 57.5 years (±16.7) and 63.7% were male. According to the SGA, 26.5% were classified as moderately and 44.1% as severely malnourished. According to the GLIM, 19.6% were moderately and 43.1% were severely malnourished. The two diagnoses showed a moderate agreement (0.46). When evaluating only the 26 patients with overweight or obesity, the GLIM identified one patient with malnutrition and the SGA identified six patients.

Conclusions: The SGA and the GLIM tool identified a high prevalence of malnutrition in patients using nutritional support in the hospital. The use of GLIM for diagnosis of malnutrition in hospitalized patients using nutritional support proved to be an excellent and practical tool, despite being less sensitive for patients with obesity. Subjective Global Assessment was a more sensitive tool in evaluating patients with malnutrition and using nutritional support. More studies are needed to confirm the use of lean mass reduction markers to identify the degree of malnutrition defined by GLIM in hospitalized patients.

Background: The quality of life (QoL) associated nutritional symptoms among advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the impact of nutrition-related symptoms (indicated by Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment-PG-SGA) to QoL among individuals diagnosed with advanced NSCLC, utilizing the EORTC QLQ-LC13 tool. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 170 patients diagnosed with NSCLC (TxNxM1) with periodically chemotherapy treatment at Hanoi Oncology hospital were invited to the study. The PG-SGA and EORTC QLQ-LC13 were assessed by a dietitian. Results: Poor nutritional status related with decrease in QoL (p < 0.05). Cough and short of breath moderate-positively correlated with PG-SGA score, while pain, take medicine for pain and trouble swallowing were fairly correlated. The symptoms of cough up blood, sore mouth or tongue, tingling and hair lost had poor correlation with PG-SGA score. Loss of appetite and anorexia had poor negative correlation with short of breath and pain in arm or shoulder. Conclusions: QoL declined in advance stage NSCLC malnutrition patients. Nutrition-related symptoms had poor to fair correlation with QoL categories, which suggests the insufficiency on solely addressing nutritional symptoms to enhance QoL in this group.

Objective: The objective of study was to evaluate the biological effects occurring in the animal body in conditions of a regular consumption of bread with a combination of flaxseed and clarified tomato juice in its composition.

Methods: The animals (Soviet Chinchilla breed) were randomly distributed between six groups. Group 1 is intact animals. The food of Group 2 (control) included traditional bread. Animals of experimental groups were fed as follows: bread, in which 75% of water were replaced with clarified tomato juice (Group 3); bread with the addition of 20% of flaxseed, soaked beforehand in clarified tomato juice (Group 4); bread similar to Group 4, but juice with dissolved flaxseed hydrocolloids was used during dough kneading (Group 5); bread similar to Group 4, but instead of juice, drinking water was used (Group 6). We studied blood biochemistry. After 6 months, we took liver samples and identified the ratio of muscle, fat, bone, and connective tissues.

Results: We established that the introduction of clarified tomato juice into the bread recipe yielded a decrease in cholesterol and creatinine levels (p = .029 and p = .031, respectively), while the addition of flaxseed soaked in water can promote the activation of protective effects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via reducing the levels of bilirubin (p = .040) and transaminases (p = .013) in the blood of experimental animals.

Conclusion: The introduction of a combination of flaxseed and clarified tomato juice into the bread recipe in conjunction with its daily consumption contributed to the manifestation of protective effects for the liver of rabbits.

Background: With the obesity epidemic disproportionately affecting Hispanic children and preschool being a critical period when interventions may be effective to prevent it, nutrition education interventions in the preschool setting have the potential to stem obesity's spread. However, the nutrition education needs of low-income Hispanic populations and methods of delivery of that information require further exploration as culturally tailored approaches have seen limited reach to the target audience. Aim: To explore content, delivery methods, and sources of nutrition education that Hispanic caregivers prefer to receive from their child's preschool. Methods: Qualitative interviews with 25 self-identified Hispanic caregivers (≥18 years of age) of 3- to 5-year-old children at Head Start centers in the Washington, D.C., area. Caregivers were interviewed about preferred nutrition education topics, how nutrition education should be delivered, and by whom. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis in NVivo v12. Results: Caregivers wanted to know about healthy foods and appropriate portion sizes to feed their children, fruit and vegetable feeding strategies, and how to incorporate Hispanic foods in healthy meals. Preferred delivery methods included receiving nutrition education and recipes in print and digital formats and in-person nutrition classes. Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children educators were regarded as trusted nutrition education sources. Conclusion: Tailored nutrition education messages combined with multiple delivery methods could be an effective way to reach Hispanic caregivers of preschoolers to increase their nutrition knowledge.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) being a biological abnormality confers the highest risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Aim: To assess MetS indicators in the newly diagnosed T2DM Pakistani population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study (N = 123) with newly diagnosed T2DM patients (gender: both, Mean_Age: 49.24 ± 6.84 years) was selected from Medical OPD, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Basic profile, family history, and physical activity were recorded through a predesigned questionnaire, dietary intake through seven days Food Diary and Food Frequency Questionnaire. Blood pressure and selected clinical signs and symptoms were recorded. Anthropometric measurements included mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-and-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and conicity index. Lab parameters included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin levels, and lipid profile. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was computed to assess insulin resistance.

Results: Almost all parameters related to MetS were higher than normal. The prevalence of MetS was 59.7%. BMI, MUAC, and WHtR were independently associated with HOMA-IR, but WC, WHR, and the conicity index had no relationship MetS indicators.

Conclusion: The prevalence rate of MetS was found to be 59.7% in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. MUAC was found to be a better parameter for the diagnosis of central obesity and insulin resistance in the selected population.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has left substantial consequences on the mental health of the student population, primarily through an increase in the symptoms of acute stress and anxiety. Aim: This study evaluated diet quality and its association with mental state among Croatian students during the spring and winter COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020. Methods: Data were collected using an anonymous online self-reported questionnaire taken on two occasions. During the spring lockdown (from May 18 to June 7, 2020) and the winter lockdown (from December 14-22, 2020), 751 and 1188 students completed the questionnaire, respectively. Diet quality was determined using the pro-healthy diet index (pHDI) and non-healthy diet index (nHDI). Results: Although to the greatest extent associated with increased white meat, fish, and legumes intake, an increase in pHDI was also linked to increased consumption of water and sweets and decreased intake of processed meat products and nuts. Increased nHDI was mainly due to increased intake of processed meat products, alcohol, and sweets. Moreover, diet quality was higher during the lockdowns than in the periods before. However, diet quality increased to a lesser extent during the winter lockdown and was associated with a poorer mental state, shown as type D (Distressed) personality. Type D personality positively correlated with nHDI and sweets intake but negatively with pHDI, fruit, and vegetable consumption. Conclusion: These results indicate the need to alleviate further students' diet quality and mental state impairment. Also, further investigation of the association between diet quality and mental state should be provided.

Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic has been affected our daily lives, the global population has been exposed to permanent concerns and thus might suffer from the psychological burden. It is well known that psychological burdens can affect dietary behavior. Aim: The impact of a psychological burden on people, and in particular on their dietary patterns was investigated in this nationawide cross-sectional study. Methods: 7525 participants responded to the questionnaire regarding the psychological burden concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and their current dietary structure with changes in the pattern and food amount (between November 2020 and March 2021). Results: A pandemic-related dysfunction of dietary behavior was found. Some participants reported restrictive (conscious) food intake and as well impulsive food intake, which can be described as dysfunctional eating behaviors. In particular, younger persons and individuals who claimed an increased psychological burden reported dysfunctional dietary behavior. Data clearly show that psychological burdens affect an individual's dietary behavior. Conclusion: Public health strategies have to be developed to support individuals at risk to improve coping strategies. The long-term aim should be avoiding the maintenance of dysfunctional dietary behavior.

Background: Getting consumers to adopt healthier eating habits continues to be a puzzle for marketers and policymakers all over the globe. Nevertheless, research continues to identify factors that can influence consumers' food consumption. Aim: The purpose of this research is to explore how one relatively unexplored factor, namely the cleanliness of the surrounding environment, can affect perceptions and consumption. Methods: An online survey experiment presenting participants with either a clean or dirty environment scenario and asking subsequent questions about their dining experience was utilized. Results: Participants in a clean (vs. dirty) environment perceived their food to be healthier, fresher, and of higher quality, relative to a dirty environment. This effect, in turn, mediated the relationship between condition and perceptions of meal quality. Conclusion: Clean environmental conditions, though not directly related to the food products provided at food venues, can nevertheless have a strong influence on consumers' dining experience.

Background: Special low protein foods (SLPF) that are phenylalanine (Phe)-free or have a low Phe content are an integral part of PKU diet therapy. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the nutritional profiles of SLPFs used in Turkey and to compare their contents with equivalent products in the "regular" category, in order to evaluate nutritional and metabolic risks. Methods: Between February and March 2022, the information concerning the nutritional contents of "special low protein products" recommended for PKU and available in Turkey were obtained from the websites of producers/suppliers. Results: A total of 148 SLPFs were identified in Turkey. Compared to regular products, SLPFs were determined to contain less sugar and high carbohydrate content in the Turkish market (p < 0.001). Overall, SLPF products had higher dietary fiber compared to products with regular protein content (p < 0.001). In SLPF subgroups, meat substitutes, rice and pasta, and soup products had significantly less total fat than regular products; low protein bread, sweet snacks, and salted crackers were found to contain less saturated fat (p < 0.05). Moreover, all SLPFs contained significantly more salt than regular products, especially the salt content of subgroups of low protein bread, flour, pasta, and rice was significantly higher than regular products (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Including detailed nutritional information on the Turkish SLPFs' food labels will be effective for patients with PKU to follow themselves on their own.