Nutrition and health最新文献

ObjectiveThe objective of study was to evaluate the biological effects occurring in the animal body in conditions of a regular consumption of bread with a combination of flaxseed and clarified tomato juice in its composition.MethodsThe animals (Soviet Chinchilla breed) were randomly distributed between six groups. Group 1 is intact animals. The food of Group 2 (control) included traditional bread. Animals of experimental groups were fed as follows: bread, in which 75% of water were replaced with clarified tomato juice (Group 3); bread with the addition of 20% of flaxseed, soaked beforehand in clarified tomato juice (Group 4); bread similar to Group 4, but juice with dissolved flaxseed hydrocolloids was used during dough kneading (Group 5); bread similar to Group 4, but instead of juice, drinking water was used (Group 6). We studied blood biochemistry. After 6 months, we took liver samples and identified the ratio of muscle, fat, bone, and connective tissues.ResultsWe established that the introduction of clarified tomato juice into the bread recipe yielded a decrease in cholesterol and creatinine levels (p = .029 and p = .031, respectively), while the addition of flaxseed soaked in water can promote the activation of protective effects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via reducing the levels of bilirubin (p = .040) and transaminases (p = .013) in the blood of experimental animals.ConclusionThe introduction of a combination of flaxseed and clarified tomato juice into the bread recipe in conjunction with its daily consumption contributed to the manifestation of protective effects for the liver of rabbits.

Background: The increasing levels of overweight and obesity are negatively impacting the health and wellbeing of individuals and communities. Whilst individual factors are important, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is partly caused by several social and environmental factors that can potentially be modified. A limited number of studies apply a broader theoretical lens to expand the focus beyond individual factors targeted for change. Furthermore, many interventions take a one-size-fits-all approach, which overlooks the differences between subgroups of the population, such as gender, which has a significant impact on eating habits. Aim: This study aims to identify avenues to increase healthy eating by accommodating a wider theory-based socio-ecological viewpoint for change. Additionally, the theory-based socio-ecological lens was applied to identify if segments can be revealed, enabling tailored strategies to be developed to better meet the needs of segments. Methods: A male-dominated sample of n = 3044 Australians was sourced through CINT an online consumer panel provider. Participation was anonymous and voluntary, and consent to participate was indicated by the completion of the survey. Results: Three segments were identified with Socio-Economic Index For Individuals, being the most influential variable differentiating the segments. The most socio-economically advantaged segment (M = 3.7, SD = 0.7) had the highest diet quality score (79.7) while the least advantaged (M = 0.3, SD = 1.4) scored the lowest (67.1). Conclusion: This study confirms the suitability and usefulness of theory-driven segmentation in the development of eating behaviour programs for Australian adults. More effective interventions are required given overweight and obesity levels among this population are increasing.

Background: Malnutrition is a common problem in aging populations. Studies show that up to one-third of hospital patients are affected. Malnutrition is linked to various health concerns, including poor muscle function, decreased bone density, immunological dysfunction, cognitive decline, anemia, prolonged hospital admissions, and higher morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study compares the diagnostic performance of the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score, Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) score, and Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (modified Nutric score [mNutric]) score with the gold standard Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in diagnosing malnutrition. Methods: The current study was conducted over the period of two months at S. L. Raheja Hospital and included 100 patients over the age of 18. Within the first 24 h after admission, malnutrition screening was performed using NRS-2002, SGA, and mNutric scores, with GLIM criteria as the reference. Results: The GLIM criteria identified 41% of patients as malnourished, but SGA and NRS-2002 revealed 60% and 72%, respectively, and mNutric as 40%. Kappa coefficients demonstrated good agreement between GLIM and mNutric (k = 0.915), moderate agreement with NRS-2002 (k = 0.761), and reasonable agreement with SGA (k = 0.632). Sensitivity and specificity analyses revealed that GLIM has superior diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: These findings support GLIM criteria as a global standard for malnutrition diagnosis, enhancing clinical outcomes through targeted nutritional interventions. The GLIM criteria demonstrated better agreement with the mNutric score compared to the other two tools. However, incorporating all available screening tools in clinical practice will enhance the early detection of malnutrition.

BackgroundIn the UK, Black African-Caribbeans (ACs) and South Asians (SAs) have 3-6 times greater risks of developing type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and significantly higher prevalence of vitamin D (vitD) deficiency than White Caucasians. East London is among the areas with the highest prevalence of T2DM and the highest proportion of ethnic minority groups. This ethnic health inequality is ascribed to socioeconomic standing, dietary habits, culture, and attitudes, while biological diversity has rarely been investigated.AimThe study aims to investigate the difference in the postprandial glycemic response (PGR), an independent risk factor of T2DM, between ethnic groups (White Caucasians, SAs, and ACs) in East London and its association with vitD status.MethodsThis acute randomized crossover trial will recruit healthy adults (n = 106) in East London between November 2023 and March 2025. Two test drinks are consumed by participants (a glucose drink containing 75 g glucose and pure orange juice) on different occasions. PGRs are monitored before and after drinking every 30 min for up to 2 h via finger prick. A fasting blood sample obtained via phlebotomy will be used for plasma 25(OH)D and relevant tests. A knowledge/perception questionnaire about vitD and a 4-day food diary (analyzing vitD dietary intake) will also be collected. Data will be analyzed using a multiple linear regression model adjusted by confounding factors (age, gender, body mass index, and body fat percentage).SummaryThe study results will be disseminated through journals and conferences, and target stakeholders.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients using nutritional support, considering it's difficult to achieve nutritional goal and great risk to increase malnutrition.MethodsA cross-sectional study with 102 patients over 18 years in use of enteral and/or parenteral nutritional therapy and monitored by the Nutritional Therapy Committee between December 2021 and August 2022. All data were collected from electronic medical records. Patients were diagnosed with Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) tools by the researchers.ResultsA total of 102 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 57.5 years (±16.7) and 63.7% were male. According to the SGA, 26.5% were classified as moderately and 44.1% as severely malnourished. According to the GLIM, 19.6% were moderately and 43.1% were severely malnourished. The two diagnoses showed a moderate agreement (0.46). When evaluating only the 26 patients with overweight or obesity, the GLIM identified one patient with malnutrition and the SGA identified six patients.ConclusionsThe SGA and the GLIM tool identified a high prevalence of malnutrition in patients using nutritional support in the hospital. The use of GLIM for diagnosis of malnutrition in hospitalized patients using nutritional support proved to be an excellent and practical tool, despite being less sensitive for patients with obesity. Subjective Global Assessment was a more sensitive tool in evaluating patients with malnutrition and using nutritional support. More studies are needed to confirm the use of lean mass reduction markers to identify the degree of malnutrition defined by GLIM in hospitalized patients.

Background: Nutritional knowledge and body image concerns are key factors influencing dietary intake and health among athletes, particularly in lean-type sports. This study investigates these variables among elite race walkers from the United Kingdom and Ireland, a cohort selected for the prominence of race walking in their national sports programmes and unique cultural contexts. Aim: The study aims to assess the relationship between nutritional knowledge, body image, and dietary intake in elite race walkers, and explore the potential risk of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). Methods: Eight elite race walkers (seven males, one female) were assessed using the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ) and the Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire. Dietary intake was evaluated through detailed food diaries and analysed against established nutritional guidelines. The Goldberg cut-off method was employed to identify dietary misreporters. Results: Despite moderate nutritional knowledge (58.93 ± 8.68%), athletes displayed suboptimal dietary habits with prevalent over-reporting. Carbohydrate intake was below recommended levels (5.4 ± 1.0 g/kg/day), while protein intake exceeded guidelines (2.0 g/kg/day). Body image dissatisfaction was common, particularly in the single female athlete, who scored highest on both nutritional knowledge and body image avoidance (BIAQ score: 62). The findings suggest a possible link between body image concerns and inappropriate dietary behaviours, increasing the risk of RED-S. Conclusion: While the study highlights the complex interplay between nutritional knowledge, body image dissatisfaction, and dietary intake, the small sample size (N = 8), particularly the inclusion of only one female athlete, limits the generalizability of the findings and introduces a potential bias in sex-specific interpretations. Future research should include larger, more diverse populations.

Background/Aims: Fathers are increasingly recognized as a source of breastfeeding support. This online cross-sectional study examined the relationship between fathers' feeding attitudes and breastfeeding outcomes (initiation, duration, exclusivity) and factors influencing breastfeeding. Methods: Demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and infant feeding methods were self-reported. The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) assessed the feeding attitudes of 509 fathers in the USA (34.4 ± 5.2 years). Significance was determined using chi-square tests and analysis of variance (p < .05). Results: The IIFAS categorized participants into feeding attitude groups (positive to formula feeding (PFF), n = 142; neutral feeding (NF), n = 270; positive to breastfeeding (PBF), n = 97). The mean IIFAS score (55.7 ± 16.0) suggested fathers have a neutral attitude toward breastfeeding. The PBF group reported a longer duration of breastfeeding (17.1 ± 7.1 months) compared to the PFF (6.1 ± 3.0 months) or NF (12.7 ± 7.3 months) groups (p < .001). The PFF group reported that their child initiated complementary liquids earlier (18.0 ± 5.8 weeks) compared to the NF or PBF groups (NF = 21.5 ± 13.8; PBF = 24.5 ± 9.2 weeks; p < .001). Initiation of complementary solids was statistically different between the PFF group (21.3 ± 5.4 weeks) and the NF and PBF groups (NF = 26.4 ± 12.0; PBF = 26.4 ± 6.1 weeks; p < .001). Breastfeeding initiation was associated with the feeding attitude group (p < .001). Among those that reported their partner initiated breastfeeding, the feeding source (breastmilk, breastmilk + formula) was associated with the feeding attitude group (p < .001). Reasons for not breastfeeding exclusively or breastfeeding cessation were related to concerns about maternal/child health, convenience, and processes associated with breastfeeding. Conclusions: Fathers' feeding attitudes are related to breastfeeding success. Research should explore education and interventions for fathers to improve breastfeeding rates.

Aim: This study among moderately fit male athletes investigated changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant levels after supplementation with Eri silkworm cornflakes. Method: Male university athletes (n = 18, age 19-21 years) were enrolled in a randomized crossover trial. They participated in either the supplementation period (consuming 0.20 g protein/kg body weight Eri silkworm daily) or the control period (no supplementation). Each period lasted 4 weeks, with a washout period of 4 weeks in between. Results: Compared to the control period, reduced glutathione concentration (p = 0.019) and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (p < 0.001) were significantly higher, and oxidized glutathione (p = 0.018) and malondialdehyde (p = 0.002) concentrations were significantly lower in the supplementation period. Conclusion: Eri silkworm supplementation as cornflakes for 4 weeks improved oxidative stress and antioxidant status in male university athletes. This supplement may be an alternative to support optimal antioxidant status for athletic individuals. Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR): TCTR20180303003.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) impacts a significant number of patients undergoing oncological treatment. Aim: This study explored the usefulness of Carica papaya leaf extract (CPLE) in the context of CIT, including side effect and optimal treatment dosage and duration. Methods: Systematic literature reviews were conducted on (a) studies of patients with solid tumors and CIT who received CPLE, and (b) animal studies focused on CPLE for CIT. Risk of bias was assessed and meta-analyses were conducted. Results: In the meta-analysis of studies on oncological patients with CIT (total N = 410, intervention N = 205), the overall effect size for CPLE administration was 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96-3.44, P < 0.001. In the meta-analysis on animal models (total N = 84, intervention N = 42), two effect sizes were computed for two platelet measurements at different time intervals: 5.74, 95% CI: 0.32 = 11.16, P < 0.001 and 7.13, 95% CI: 4.23-10.02, P < 0.001, respectively. CPLE dosage varied between 580 and 3300 mg, with a mean of 1500 mg per day. No studies reported major side effects of CPLE administration. Conclusion: Despite heterogeneity and risk of bias concerns, the research literature available so far of both animal models and human participants suggests that CPLE might be an effective strategy for dealing with CIT. However, more rigorous research is still needed.

Background: Malnutrition remains a significant public health challenge impacting populations globally, especially in low-and middle-income countries, comprising Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis studied the impact of Malnutrition and public health especially the vulnerable populations in LAC. Method: Electronic databases such as Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, HINARI, Scielo, PubMed, and Scopus were searched on the impact of public health in LAC using appropriate search terms and combined keywords. The retrieved studies were uploaded and organized using Rayyan@ systematic review software. Result: Six hundred and twenty studies were identified and screened, and 29 were included in the final review as meeting the inclusion criteria. Results indicated that in Brazil, males exhibited consistently higher stunting odds (odds ratio = 1.19), while wasting risk was marginally lower in females (risk ratio = 0.79), though skewed by a 2017 data anomaly. Regional analysis revealed divergent trends: Guatemala and Bolivia showed elevated child malnutrition, whereas Brazil and Ecuador reported higher rates among adolescent females. Extreme heterogeneity underscored contextual variability, emphasizing the need for localized interventions and data quality improvements to address these public health challenges. Conclusion: The prevalence of stunting and wasting, with disparities were observed between genders and age groups. Also, socioeconomic factors emerged as critical determinants of malnutrition outcomes, with lower wealth and education levels correlating with higher rates of undernutrition. Maternal education and autonomy were identified as key influencers of child nutritional status, emphasizing the importance of empowering women in healthcare decision-making. Effective malnutrition interventions demand a multifaceted approach, encompassing tailored strategies for vulnerable groups, strengthened healthcare systems, and evidence-based practices.