Nutrition and health最新文献

Introduction: Elite sportspersons who are involved in high-intensity physical sports indulge in severe training and competition schedules, which exposes them to high levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress, hence it may hamper their health sometimes. Disturbance in the health of sportspersons also induces compromised performances.

The premise for functional nutrition: Functional nutrition is essential for elite sportspersons training for securing both rest and recovery to have proper health and anticipated performance. Apart from serving the energy needs of the sportspersons, the nutrition strategies should provide them with certain metabolic advantages, which provide greater health and immunity, to ensure proper training and competition. The diet of the sportspersons needs to contain appropriate anti-inflammatory and antioxidative nutrients, to ensure to reduction and control of the physiological stress of tissues during high-intensity physical sports, especially during marathon running. Preserving anabolic valence among sportspersons for muscle myokine optimization is an essential aspect of sports nutrition, which secures health and provides excellent performance potential. Preservation and optimization of gut microbiome among sportspersons enhance immune health and performance, through proper gut integrity and enhanced metabolic cascades. As the genes are to be properly expressed for excellent manifestation in protein synthesis and other metabolic signaling, achieving genetic valance through proper nutrition ensures the health of the sportspersons.

Conclusion: Functional nutrition seems a very necessary and potent factor in the training and competition aspects of elite sportspersons since nutrition not only provides recovery but also ensures proper health for elite sportspersons.

Background: Poor diet quality in children and adolescents may contribute to decreased immunity and lead to an increased risk of opportunistic diseases. Aim: To investigate diet quality and its relationship to nutritional status in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pediatric patients (HIV-PIHIV). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 87 patients aged between 6 and 19 years carried out in two University Hospitals. Diet quality was analyzed by an adapted Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and nutritional status. The association between HEI with body mass index-for-age (BMI-for-age) and height-for-age was performed using a linear regression model. Clinical, maternal, anthropometric, and dietary data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, based on nutrition service protocols. Results: Diet quality was intermediate (median IAS = 54.8 interquartile range: 47.5 to 65.9 points), due to low consumption of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products and high empty calories and sodium by the PPIHIV. The multivariate regression model indicated that HEI was not significant for explaining BMI-for-age [β = -0.01; 95% CI = (-0.03; 0.01); p 0.40] nor height-for-age [β = 0.01; 95% CI = (-0.02; 0.03); p 0.51]. However, it was observed that adolescents showed 1 Z-score [95% CI = (-1.6; -0.44); p 0.001] a reduction in BMI-for-age compared with children, and those black patients showed an increase in BMI-for-age Z-score of 0.57 [95% CI = (0.7; 1.1); p 0.03] compared with non-blacks. Conclusion: The diet quality of the HIV-infected children and adolescents was below desired. No association was found between diet quality and inadequate nutritional status of HIV-PIHIV.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has reached pandemic levels affecting over one billion people worldwide. However, limited data is available on the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D status of Canadian Indigenous children and no study has been reported in Inuit children from Nunavik. Aim: Therefore, using data collected between 2006 and 2010, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and main determinants of insufficient serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s25(OH)D) concentrations in Inuit children attending childcare centres in Nunavik. Methods: This study included 245 Inuit children aged 11 to 54 months. s25(OH)D concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Dietary intakes were assessed using 24-hour recalls. Usual dietary intakes were estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. We used a multiple imputation technique to replace missing values when performing regression analysis. Results: Our findings revealed that 64.5% of children had a s25(OH)D concentration < 75 nmol/L, while 78.1% did not meet the estimated average requirement (EAR) for vitamin D. Vitamin D intake and fluid milk consumption were positively associated with s25(OH)D concentrations, while negative associations were observed with children' energy intake, non-alcoholic beverage consumption, body weight, breastfeeding duration and, biological/adoptive/foster parents' educational level. Conclusion: Vitamin D inadequacy was highly prevalent and closely aligned with levels observed over the years in non-Indigenous children. Breastfed children who do not receive vitamin D supplementation, overweight and obese children, and children with inadequate milk consumption were at high risk of vitamin D insufficiency. Eating vitamin D rich foods such as fluid milk and seafood along with vitamin D supplementation when needed are recommended.

Background: Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is the most frequently used dietary assessment method in estimating dietary intakes in epidemiological studies. Aim: This study aimed to assess the relative validity of a semiquantitative FFQ in evaluating dietary intake among pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates. Methods: Within the Mutaba'ah study, a subsample of 111 pregnant women completed a semiquantitative FFQ and a single 24-hour dietary recall (24-HDR) regarded as the reference method. Absolute and energy-adjusted nutrient and food intakes between the FFQ and 24-HDR were compared using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test, correlations, Bland-Altman analysis, cross-classification, and weighted kappa analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in reported absolute intakes between the FFQ and 24-HDR for carbohydrates, whole grains, white meat, beta-carotene, vitamin K, sodium, and selenium. Spearman's correlation coefficients between the FFQ and 24-HDR ranged from 0.09 (trans fatty acids) to 0.5 (potassium) for absolute intakes. Correlation decreased after energy adjustment. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the FFQ overestimated intakes compared with 24-HDR and that the limits of agreement were wide. The average percentage of pregnant women classified into the same or adjacent quartile of intake by both methods was 73%. Weighted kappa values ranged from -0.02 (white meat) to 0.33 (magnesium). Conclusion: Our findings showed that the semi-quantitative FFQ is a useful tool in ranking pregnant women from the Emirati population according to their dietary intake. However, the validity of some estimated intakes was poor; hence, certain intakes should be interpreted with caution.

Background: Social media networks such as Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, and YouTube are among the most commonly used social networks among people. If used properly, they can contribute to enhancing individual knowledge and scientific values. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the use of social media networks for healthy nutritional practices among deaf and hearing students. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 103 students (50 deaf and 53 hearing). The researchers used a descriptive approach and adopted a questionnaire for data collection. Results: The findings of the study showed that the use of social media networks for healthy nutritional practices among deaf and hearing students was at a moderate level. However, there were statistically significant gender differences in the average responses of deaf and hearing students in the use of social media networks for healthy nutritional practices. For the status of students (deaf and hearing students), there were statistically significant differences in the average responses to the use of social media networks for healthy nutritional practices. Conclusion: Social media networks play an important role in raising awareness and promoting healthy nutrition practices for both deaf and hearing students.

Background: Blended tube feeding (BTF) is the administration of pureed whole foods via gastric feeding tubes. There is some evidence to suggest that BTF may have clinical and psychosocial benefits when compared to commercial formula, but further investigation of how BTF is understood and recommended by health professionals is needed. This study aims to investigate awareness and knowledge of BTF among multi-disciplinary paediatric staff in Ireland. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among paediatric staff in Children's Health Ireland (CHI). The 16-item anonymous online survey gathered information on awareness of BTF, willingness to recommend BTF, confidence in BTF knowledge, and self-assessed competence in managing BTF. Results: Of the 207 responses, doctors (n68), nurses (n66), and dietitians (n32) provided 80.3% of responses. Two-thirds (n136, 66%) of the total group were aware of BTF. Of these, 68.1% had cared for a child on BTF and 70% (n = 63/90) were willing to recommend BTF. Three in five (n = 39/63, 61.9%) stated they were somewhat confident in their BTF knowledge and one in five (n = 12/56, 21.4%) were not yet competent in managing children on BTF. The most common reasons for recommending BTF were parental desire (n17, 39.5%) and commercial formula intolerance (n15, 34.9%). The most common barrier to recommending BTF was family logistics (n18, 41.9%). The most valuable sources of information on BTF for two-thirds (68.3%) of participants were other healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients/caregivers. Conclusion: Healthcare settings should provide evidence-based training to HCPs on BTF to optimise the treatment and safety of children under their care.

Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD) has many beneficial effects on health. However, compliance with MD is decreasing among university students. Aim: This study aims to investigate compliance with the MD and the association of MD with sleep quality, depression, anxiety, stress, and body mass index (BMI) among university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 750 students of Ondokuz Mayıs University, a state university in Samsun, Türkiye. Sociodemographic data and self-reported anthropometric data (weight and height) were recorded using a survey. The Mediterranean diet quality index for children and adolescents (KIDMED), the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and the depression anxiety stress scale-42 (DASS-42) were self-administered. Results: Most students (59.2%) had poor KIDMED adherence. Compared to poor adherers, those with good adherence to the KIDMED had significantly lower depression scores (in males and females). Higher adherence to the KIDMED was correlated with lower depression and stress levels (in males and females) and lower PSQI scores (lower sleep disturbances) in females. The KIDMED scores of overweight females were greater than those of underweight females. Conclusion: University students show poor adherence to the MD. Low adherence to the MD may have a negative impact on depression, stress, and sleep quality. This study suggests that interventions to promote MD may help improve university students' sleep disturbances and mental health.

Background: The energy balance between inputs and outputs is essential to avoid a reduction in performance, recovery difficulties, hormonal problems, an increased risk of fatigue, injuries and illnesses. Aim: The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether the energy intake assumed by non-professional sportsmen of the new fitness disciplines on the basis of the guidelines present in the literature, meets the needs required by their sporting activity. Methods: The sample consist of 20 non-competitive adult sportsmen (n.10 females; n.10 males) that were voluntarily enrolled in a gym, belonging to the various fitness disciplines: bodybuilders (n  =  2); calisthenics (n  =  3); crossfitters (n  =  15). The subjects underwent an anamnestic-nutritional interview and used a photographic atlas to estimate the energy intake in the training day (in terms of macronutrients, micronutrients and H₂O). Results: The results of the study reported: a lower energy intake, the breakdown of macronutrients was suitable for the nutritional indications reported by bibliographic sources, with the exception for protein intake that was higher than the other macronutrients; a lower intake of fibers, mono/polyunsaturated fatty acids; an higher intake of simple sugars, proteins and H₂O, and by a normal parameters of carbohydrates, fats and saturated fatty acids. Conclusions: Generally the study has shown that the sample energy intake is extremely low in the training day. Therefore, it is useful to educate sportsmen, coaches and families in order to avoid deficiencies/excess of calories and nutrients which may not be functional for the sporting activity performed.

Aim: To explore the perspectives and experiences of healthcare practitioners in providing nutrition care to people with cancer in New Zealand. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 New Zealand healthcare professionals (HCPs) practicing in specialist secondary and tertiary cancer care (both public and private) who had previously completed an online survey about nutrition in cancer care. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was undertaken. Results: Participants identified nutrition as important in cancer care, from diagnosis to survivorship, in order to maximise recovery and ongoing health. While participants reported that the best person to provide high-quality individualised nutrition care is a dietitian, other HCPs also have a role in nutrition care. Limited nutrition care is currently available, especially for those in rural areas, which impacts health and equity in cancer care. Participants identified a need for increased dietitian capacity in the workforce as well as a need for nutrition resources that were accessible and appropriate. Conclusion: The perspective of participants was that more must be done to provide nutrition care as part of cancer care in New Zealand to improve health and wellbeing among people with cancer.