Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109092
Christopher T. Hensley , Prashanth Padakanti , Raheema Damani , Christina Dulal , Hoon Choi , Shihong Li , Jianbo Cao , Hsiaoju Lee , Austin Pantel , Elizabeth Li , David Mankoff , Rong Zhou
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Glutamine is an important metabolic substrate in many aggressive tumors, with comparable importance to glucose metabolism. Utilizing human breast cancer mouse xenograft models, we studied the kinetics of the PET imaging agent, <em>L</em>-5-[<sup>11</sup>C]-glutamine ([<sup>11</sup>C]glutamine or [<sup>11</sup>C]GLN) a biochemical authentic substrate for glutamine metabolism, to further characterize the metabolism of glutamine and downstream labeled metabolites. Studies were performed with and without inhibition of the enzyme, glutaminase (GLS), the first step in glutamine catabolism that generates glutamate, and key target for therapy directed to glutamine-metabolizing cancers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study used xenograft mouse models for two breast cancer cell lines, HCC1806, a highly glutaminolytic triple-negative cell line, and MCF-7, a hormone receptor positive line with only low levels of glutaminolysis. Mice were injected with [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamine and either underwent metabolite analysis or dynamic PET imaging. The contributions of individual metabolites to the total <sup>11</sup>C-activity signal in blood and tumor tissue were measured at 10, 20, and 30 min <em>via</em> HPLC. We measured fractional activity in the form of [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamine <em>versus</em> labeled metabolites, focusing on <em>L</em>-5-[<sup>11</sup>C]-glutamate ([<sup>11</sup>C]glutamate or [<sup>11</sup>C]GLU), and any activity in the other metabolite small molecules labeled with <sup>11</sup>C (<sup>11</sup>C-other or <sup>11</sup>C-OTH). Additionally, the contribution of [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> to total <sup>11</sup>C-activity was measured. Together with image-based uptake curves, this generated estimated time activity curves for [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamine and downstream metabolites in both xenograft models treated with vehicle or GLS inhibitor (CB-839).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that, out to 30 min post-injection, the majority of radioactivity in highly glutaminolytic tumors (HCC1806) was in the form of [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamine and [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamate, with relatively low amounts of radioactivity in metabolites downstream of glutamate including [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub>. In HCC1806 tumors, [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamate was retained in the large cellular glutamate pool leading to a majority fraction of total radioactivity in tumor tissue that is greater than the fraction within the blood, with this tumoral fractional pattern reversing with CB-839. This phenomenon leads to a total tumor time-activity curve that is only marginally different before and after CB-839. The radioactivity patterns of MCF-7 tumors after vehicle treatment were similar HCC1806 tumors after CB-839 treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our studies on [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamine in breast cancer models show significant retention of <sup>11</sup>C-activity in the form of [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamate in
{"title":"L-5-[11C]-glutamine PET of breast cancer: Preclinical studies in mouse models","authors":"Christopher T. Hensley , Prashanth Padakanti , Raheema Damani , Christina Dulal , Hoon Choi , Shihong Li , Jianbo Cao , Hsiaoju Lee , Austin Pantel , Elizabeth Li , David Mankoff , Rong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Glutamine is an important metabolic substrate in many aggressive tumors, with comparable importance to glucose metabolism. Utilizing human breast cancer mouse xenograft models, we studied the kinetics of the PET imaging agent, <em>L</em>-5-[<sup>11</sup>C]-glutamine ([<sup>11</sup>C]glutamine or [<sup>11</sup>C]GLN) a biochemical authentic substrate for glutamine metabolism, to further characterize the metabolism of glutamine and downstream labeled metabolites. Studies were performed with and without inhibition of the enzyme, glutaminase (GLS), the first step in glutamine catabolism that generates glutamate, and key target for therapy directed to glutamine-metabolizing cancers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study used xenograft mouse models for two breast cancer cell lines, HCC1806, a highly glutaminolytic triple-negative cell line, and MCF-7, a hormone receptor positive line with only low levels of glutaminolysis. Mice were injected with [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamine and either underwent metabolite analysis or dynamic PET imaging. The contributions of individual metabolites to the total <sup>11</sup>C-activity signal in blood and tumor tissue were measured at 10, 20, and 30 min <em>via</em> HPLC. We measured fractional activity in the form of [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamine <em>versus</em> labeled metabolites, focusing on <em>L</em>-5-[<sup>11</sup>C]-glutamate ([<sup>11</sup>C]glutamate or [<sup>11</sup>C]GLU), and any activity in the other metabolite small molecules labeled with <sup>11</sup>C (<sup>11</sup>C-other or <sup>11</sup>C-OTH). Additionally, the contribution of [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> to total <sup>11</sup>C-activity was measured. Together with image-based uptake curves, this generated estimated time activity curves for [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamine and downstream metabolites in both xenograft models treated with vehicle or GLS inhibitor (CB-839).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that, out to 30 min post-injection, the majority of radioactivity in highly glutaminolytic tumors (HCC1806) was in the form of [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamine and [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamate, with relatively low amounts of radioactivity in metabolites downstream of glutamate including [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub>. In HCC1806 tumors, [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamate was retained in the large cellular glutamate pool leading to a majority fraction of total radioactivity in tumor tissue that is greater than the fraction within the blood, with this tumoral fractional pattern reversing with CB-839. This phenomenon leads to a total tumor time-activity curve that is only marginally different before and after CB-839. The radioactivity patterns of MCF-7 tumors after vehicle treatment were similar HCC1806 tumors after CB-839 treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our studies on [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamine in breast cancer models show significant retention of <sup>11</sup>C-activity in the form of [<sup>11</sup>C]glutamate in ","PeriodicalId":19363,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear medicine and biology","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 109092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Astatine-211 (211At) is one of the most promising α-particle-emitting radionuclides used for targeted-alpha therapy. Benzene derivatives are currently commonly used as 211At-labeling moieties for preparing 211At-labeled compounds. However, 211At-labeled compounds using benzene derivatives as the 211At-labeling moiety have known low stability against in vivo deastatination. We hypothesized that the deastatination of 211At-labeled benzene derivatives is enzyme-mediated, and that the inclusion of a bulky structure near the 211At-astatobenzene would stabilize it by inhibiting recognition by the enzymes.
Methods
In this study, we synthesized oligopeptides with D-type amino acids, such as D-glutamic acid (e), D-alanine (a), and d-lysine (k), which have high metabolic stability against peptidases, and bound them with 211At-astatobenzoate. Then, we evaluated the stability of these 211At-labeled compounds against deastatination in vivo.
Results
211At-labeled mono- or di-D-glutamic acid ([211At]At-Bz-e or [211At]At-Bz-ee) and 211At-labeled tri-D-alanine ([211At]At-Bz-aaa) showed high to moderate accumulation of radioactivity in the stomach and thyroid, whereas 211At-labeled tri-D-glutamic acid ([211At]At-Bz-eee) and 211At-labeled tri-d-lysine ([211At]At-Bz-kkk) showed low radioactivity levels in the stomach and thyroid. Furthermore, 211At-labeled tri-L-glutamic acid ([211At]At-Bz-EEE) displayed a higher accumulation in the stomach than [211At]At-Bz-eee. These results suggested that the in vivo deastatination of 211At-astatobenzene derivatives is not attributable to the weakness of the AtC bond, but rather to metabolization to smaller molecules with less steric hindrance to the 211At-labeling moiety in vivo and subsequent enzyme-mediated deastatination.
Conclusions
Our findings indicated that if 211At-labeled compounds can place the steric hindrance of the tripeptide size in the vicinity of 211At-astatobenzene, in vivo stable 211At-labeled compounds can be produced, even when using the 211At-astatobenzen structure as a 211At-labeling moiety.
{"title":"Evaluation of astatine-211-labeled benzoate derivatives for improved in vivo stability","authors":"Mutsuho Murata , Kento Kannaka , Souta Tatsuta , Yui Terasaka , Ryota Nonaka , Hiroyuki Suzuki , Kazuhiro Takahashi , Tomoya Uehara","doi":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Astatine-211 (<sup>211</sup>At) is one of the most promising α-particle-emitting radionuclides used for targeted-alpha therapy. Benzene derivatives are currently commonly used as <sup>211</sup>At-labeling moieties for preparing <sup>211</sup>At-labeled compounds. However, <sup>211</sup>At-labeled compounds using benzene derivatives as the <sup>211</sup>At-labeling moiety have known low stability against <em>in vivo</em> deastatination. We hypothesized that the deastatination of <sup>211</sup>At-labeled benzene derivatives is enzyme-mediated, and that the inclusion of a bulky structure near the <sup>211</sup>At-astatobenzene would stabilize it by inhibiting recognition by the enzymes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we synthesized oligopeptides with D-type amino acids, such as D-glutamic acid (e), D-alanine (a), and <span>d</span>-lysine (k), which have high metabolic stability against peptidases, and bound them with <sup>211</sup>At-astatobenzoate. Then, we evaluated the stability of these <sup>211</sup>At-labeled compounds against deastatination <em>in vivo</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><sup>211</sup>At-labeled mono- or di-D-glutamic acid ([<sup>211</sup>At]At-Bz-e or [<sup>211</sup>At]At-Bz-ee) and <sup>211</sup>At-labeled tri-D-alanine ([<sup>211</sup>At]At-Bz-aaa) showed high to moderate accumulation of radioactivity in the stomach and thyroid, whereas <sup>211</sup>At-labeled tri-D-glutamic acid ([<sup>211</sup>At]At-Bz-eee) and <sup>211</sup>At-labeled tri-<span>d</span>-lysine ([<sup>211</sup>At]At-Bz-kkk) showed low radioactivity levels in the stomach and thyroid. Furthermore, <sup>211</sup>At-labeled tri-L-glutamic acid ([<sup>211</sup>At]At-Bz-EEE) displayed a higher accumulation in the stomach than [<sup>211</sup>At]At-Bz-eee. These results suggested that the <em>in vivo</em> deastatination of <sup>211</sup>At-astatobenzene derivatives is not attributable to the weakness of the At<img>C bond, but rather to metabolization to smaller molecules with less steric hindrance to the <sup>211</sup>At-labeling moiety <em>in vivo</em> and subsequent enzyme-mediated deastatination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings indicated that if <sup>211</sup>At-labeled compounds can place the steric hindrance of the tripeptide size in the vicinity of <sup>211</sup>At-astatobenzene, <em>in vivo</em> stable <sup>211</sup>At-labeled compounds can be produced, even when using the <sup>211</sup>At-astatobenzen structure as a <sup>211</sup>At-labeling moiety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19363,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear medicine and biology","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 109561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
this study investigates the production of Lead-203 (203Pb) using a deuteron beam and demonstrates its application with DOTATATE for diagnostic imaging of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) thanks to its γ-ray emissions well-suited for SPECT imaging. 203Pb presents a high potential in nuclear medicine, as it is the imaging counterpart of part of Lead-212 (212Pb), a radionuclide with an alpha-emitting decay chain used for targeted alpha therapy.
Methods
Enriched Thallium-205 (205Tl) was electrodeposited onto a gold substrate using a custom-made PEEK cell, with a platinum rod as the auxiliary electrode. The electrodeposition was conducted at a controlled temperature and stirring speed, with reverse pulse potentials applied to obtain a smooth and dense deposit. The 205Tl deposit was then irradiated with deuteron beams at 31 MeV to produce 203Pb. Chemical separation was performed using two columns containing Pb resin. The first column (150 mg resin) was used to remove 205Tl for further recycling and the second column (60 mg resin) was employed to obtain 203Pb in 1 M ammonium acetate at pH 5 ensuring high purity and specific activity. Radiolabelling of DOTATATE with 203Pb was conducted in a modified acetate buffer, and the radiochemical purity and stability were assessed using HPLC and TLC. The stability of [203Pb]Pb-DOTATATE was evaluated over a period of up to 120 h.
Results
the electrodeposition process, conducted over 8 h, yielded a reproducible 205Tl deposit with an average thickness of 37.7 ± 3.2 μm, which remained stable during irradiation. The chemical separation process achieved a 203Pb purity exceeding 99 % in 1 M ammonium acetate at pH 5, with a specific activity surpassing 3783 TBq/g for an integrated beam current of 175 μAh at calibration time (EOB + 32 h). The radiochemical separation yield during the process was 80.5 %. Radiolabelling of DOTATATE with 203Pb showed a high radiochemical purity (99.1 %) and a stability over 96 h, demonstrating the feasibility of using [203Pb]Pb-DOTATATE for clinical applications.
Conclusion
Our results support the use of 203Pb produced using deuteron beam as valuable tools in the advancement of personalized nuclear medicine therapies. The high purity and specific activity of 203Pb, achieved through dual Pb resin purification process, along with its effective radiolabelling with DOTATATE at high yield and long stability, underscore its potential for clinical use in diagnostic imaging, especially in neuroendocrine tumours.
{"title":"Alternative production of Lead-203: Optimizing production, purification, and radiolabelling for enhanced theranostic applications","authors":"Nadia Audouin , Héloïse Dufour , Aurélien Vidal , Nicolas Bozovic , Fabien Brelet , Remy Dureau , Arnaud Guertin , Keerthana Kamalakannan , Etienne Nigron , Tony Prezeau , Maryne Tarinas , Katalin Briand , Lou Galichet , Ferid Haddad , Thomas Sounalet","doi":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>this study investigates the production of Lead-203 (<sup>203</sup>Pb) using a deuteron beam and demonstrates its application with DOTATATE for diagnostic imaging of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) thanks to its γ-ray emissions well-suited for SPECT imaging. <sup>203</sup>Pb presents a high potential in nuclear medicine, as it is the imaging counterpart of part of Lead-212 (<sup>212</sup>Pb), a radionuclide with an alpha-emitting decay chain used for targeted alpha therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Enriched Thallium-205 (<sup>205</sup>Tl) was electrodeposited onto a gold substrate using a custom-made PEEK cell, with a platinum rod as the auxiliary electrode. The electrodeposition was conducted at a controlled temperature and stirring speed, with reverse pulse potentials applied to obtain a smooth and dense deposit. The <sup>205</sup>Tl deposit was then irradiated with deuteron beams at 31 MeV to produce <sup>203</sup>Pb. Chemical separation was performed using two columns containing Pb resin. The first column (150 mg resin) was used to remove <sup>205</sup>Tl for further recycling and the second column (60 mg resin) was employed to obtain <sup>203</sup>Pb in 1 M ammonium acetate at pH 5 ensuring high purity and specific activity. Radiolabelling of DOTATATE with <sup>203</sup>Pb was conducted in a modified acetate buffer, and the radiochemical purity and stability were assessed using HPLC and TLC. The stability of [<sup>203</sup>Pb]Pb-DOTATATE was evaluated over a period of up to 120 h.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>the electrodeposition process, conducted over 8 h, yielded a reproducible <sup>205</sup>Tl deposit with an average thickness of 37.7 ± 3.2 μm, which remained stable during irradiation. The chemical separation process achieved a <sup>203</sup>Pb purity exceeding 99 % in 1 M ammonium acetate at pH 5, with a specific activity surpassing 3783 TBq/g for an integrated beam current of 175 μAh at calibration time (EOB + 32 h). The radiochemical separation yield during the process was 80.5 %. Radiolabelling of DOTATATE with <sup>203</sup>Pb showed a high radiochemical purity (99.1 %) and a stability over 96 h, demonstrating the feasibility of using [<sup>203</sup>Pb]Pb-DOTATATE for clinical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results support the use of <sup>203</sup>Pb produced using deuteron beam as valuable tools in the advancement of personalized nuclear medicine therapies. The high purity and specific activity of <sup>203</sup>Pb, achieved through dual Pb resin purification process, along with its effective radiolabelling with DOTATATE at high yield and long stability, underscore its potential for clinical use in diagnostic imaging, especially in neuroendocrine tumours.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19363,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear medicine and biology","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 109559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109176
Vijai Kumar Reddy Tangadanchu, Nerissa Brame-Torrey, Robert Dennett, Gregory Gaehle, Reiko Oyama, Michael Nickels
{"title":"Automated GMP production of [11C]Carfentanil on a commercially available radiosynthesizer, GE TRACERlab FX2M","authors":"Vijai Kumar Reddy Tangadanchu, Nerissa Brame-Torrey, Robert Dennett, Gregory Gaehle, Reiko Oyama, Michael Nickels","doi":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109176","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19363,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear medicine and biology","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 109176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radiosynthesis and evaluation of a novel [11C]radiotracer targeting leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 in brain","authors":"Wakana Mori , Nobuki Nengaki , Tomoteru Yamasaki , Katsushi Kumata , Masayuki Fujinaga , Ming-Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19363,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear medicine and biology","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 109177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109154
Yimin Chen, Wanjia Liu, Mengchao Cui
{"title":"Development of a Novel PSMA-Targeted Boron Delivery Agent for BNCT and PET Imaging","authors":"Yimin Chen, Wanjia Liu, Mengchao Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19363,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear medicine and biology","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 109154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109164
Changkeun Im , Chi Soo Kang , Dohyeon Kim , Hwisoo Lim , Sang Chul Mun , Se Young Oh , Kyo Chul Lee , Choong Mo Kang
{"title":"Synthesis of 211At-labeled anti-HER2 antibody using pegylated click linker for treatment of gastric cancer","authors":"Changkeun Im , Chi Soo Kang , Dohyeon Kim , Hwisoo Lim , Sang Chul Mun , Se Young Oh , Kyo Chul Lee , Choong Mo Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19363,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear medicine and biology","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 109164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109156
Yingqing Lu, R. Michael van Dam
{"title":"Microdroplet Reactions Enable Quantitative 68Ga-Radiolabeling with High Molar Activity","authors":"Yingqing Lu, R. Michael van Dam","doi":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19363,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear medicine and biology","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 109156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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