In this study, the traditional full/deficit irrigation and partial root drying (F-PRD) techniques with the four different amounts of irrigation (100%, 80%, 60% and 40%) were examined on Rubygem Strawberry species under controlled greenhouse conditions, in terms of yield, yield parameters, WUE, IWUE, yield response factor (ky), etc. and their possible reactions have been investigated. In the study in which fresh seedlings were used, planted on the rows in a triangular form at intervals of 20×20 cm in double rows. Irrigation applications were carried out by drip irrigation method and the amount of irrigation water in the control treatment (I100) was calculated using measurements taken from an A-Class evaporation pan. Eight irrigation treatments including four traditional irrigation (I100, I80, I60, I40) and four fixed-partial root drying (F-PRD100, F-PRD80, F-PRD60, F-PRD40) were examined within the scope of the study. In traditional irrigation (I100, I80, I60, I40) applications, both sides of the plant root zone were irrigated. However, during the entire growing season in the fixed-partial root drying (F-PRD100, F-PRD80, F-PRD60, F-PRD40) technique, one-half of the plant root zone was kept wet, and the other half was left relatively dry. The yield values were ranked as, from high to low, F-PRD100>I100>F-PRD80>I80>F-PRD60>I60>I40>F-PRD40. In irrigation treatments, the yield values obtained from I80 and F-PRD80 treatments were statistically similar (Duncan 5%) to the yield values of I100 and F-PRD100 treatments. However, it could be stated that the F-PRD80 is more advantageous. It was found that different amounts of irrigation water (100%, 80%, 60% and 40%) affects the yield and yield-related parameters obtained from the strawberry plants. In general, as the water deficit increased (in the I40 and F-PRD40 treatments), the level of negative impact also increased. As a result of the research, F-PRD80 was proposed for the cultivation of strawberries, particularly, in arid and semi-arid regions, depending on the availability of water.
{"title":"Water-yield relationship of greenhouse-grown strawberry under limited irrigation","authors":"H. Kaman, H. Gübbük, A. Tezcan, M. Can, Ö. Özbek","doi":"10.15835/nbha51213235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51213235","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the traditional full/deficit irrigation and partial root drying (F-PRD) techniques with the four different amounts of irrigation (100%, 80%, 60% and 40%) were examined on Rubygem Strawberry species under controlled greenhouse conditions, in terms of yield, yield parameters, WUE, IWUE, yield response factor (ky), etc. and their possible reactions have been investigated. In the study in which fresh seedlings were used, planted on the rows in a triangular form at intervals of 20×20 cm in double rows. Irrigation applications were carried out by drip irrigation method and the amount of irrigation water in the control treatment (I100) was calculated using measurements taken from an A-Class evaporation pan. Eight irrigation treatments including four traditional irrigation (I100, I80, I60, I40) and four fixed-partial root drying (F-PRD100, F-PRD80, F-PRD60, F-PRD40) were examined within the scope of the study. In traditional irrigation (I100, I80, I60, I40) applications, both sides of the plant root zone were irrigated. However, during the entire growing season in the fixed-partial root drying (F-PRD100, F-PRD80, F-PRD60, F-PRD40) technique, one-half of the plant root zone was kept wet, and the other half was left relatively dry. The yield values were ranked as, from high to low, F-PRD100>I100>F-PRD80>I80>F-PRD60>I60>I40>F-PRD40. In irrigation treatments, the yield values obtained from I80 and F-PRD80 treatments were statistically similar (Duncan 5%) to the yield values of I100 and F-PRD100 treatments. However, it could be stated that the F-PRD80 is more advantageous. It was found that different amounts of irrigation water (100%, 80%, 60% and 40%) affects the yield and yield-related parameters obtained from the strawberry plants. In general, as the water deficit increased (in the I40 and F-PRD40 treatments), the level of negative impact also increased. As a result of the research, F-PRD80 was proposed for the cultivation of strawberries, particularly, in arid and semi-arid regions, depending on the availability of water.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49580759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Dima, A. Diaconu, M. Paraschivu, O. Cotuna, V. Sărățeanu, E. Bonciu, C. Sălceanu, A. L. Olaru
Jerusalem artichoke grows underground tubers that store fructans, primarily inulin, which are considered as prebiotics and functional dietary fibre with positive physiological benefits on human health. The aim of this study was to assess the yield and nutritional quality of Jerusalem artichoke tubers according to different cropping systems on dry sandy soils from Southern Romania. The experiments were carried out during 2018-2020 at the Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands Dăbuleni, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental combined factors applied were fertilization with plants density (5×2). After the tubers were harvested, their quality was evaluated using standard methods. The results suggest that Jerusalem artichoke crop has minimal requirements for fertilization and tolerates very well high plants density without affecting significantly the yield and the nutritional features analysed, respectively the contents in total dry matter, soluble dry matter, inulin, soluble carbo-hydrates and C vitamin. A significant positive correlation was determined between the soluble dry matter and soluble carbohydrates content. The assessed biochemical compounds displayed high values in both fertilized and unfertilized conditions and in both densities, showing that Jerusalem artichoke is a perennial crop with multifunctional high growing potential in marginal terrains usually improper for the conventional crops.
{"title":"The impact of cultivation system on nutritional quality of Jerusalem artichoke tubers cultivated in semiarid marginal areas","authors":"M. Dima, A. Diaconu, M. Paraschivu, O. Cotuna, V. Sărățeanu, E. Bonciu, C. Sălceanu, A. L. Olaru","doi":"10.15835/nbha51213210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51213210","url":null,"abstract":"Jerusalem artichoke grows underground tubers that store fructans, primarily inulin, which are considered as prebiotics and functional dietary fibre with positive physiological benefits on human health. The aim of this study was to assess the yield and nutritional quality of Jerusalem artichoke tubers according to different cropping systems on dry sandy soils from Southern Romania. The experiments were carried out during 2018-2020 at the Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands Dăbuleni, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental combined factors applied were fertilization with plants density (5×2). After the tubers were harvested, their quality was evaluated using standard methods. The results suggest that Jerusalem artichoke crop has minimal requirements for fertilization and tolerates very well high plants density without affecting significantly the yield and the nutritional features analysed, respectively the contents in total dry matter, soluble dry matter, inulin, soluble carbo-hydrates and C vitamin. A significant positive correlation was determined between the soluble dry matter and soluble carbohydrates content. The assessed biochemical compounds displayed high values in both fertilized and unfertilized conditions and in both densities, showing that Jerusalem artichoke is a perennial crop with multifunctional high growing potential in marginal terrains usually improper for the conventional crops.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46060451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Sotiropoulos, I. Manthos, T. Chatzistathis, Nektarios Kountis, O. Dichala, G. Tsoktouridis
Foliar application with calcium (Ca) fertilizers improves quality and flesh firmness of kiwifruit and affects the mineral composition of leaves and fruits. The impact of preharvest foliar sprays, using a commercial fertilizer with organic Ca content in combination with an integrated nutrient management (INM) fertilizers and biostimulants was assessed for the quality properties and nutritional status of the kiwi cv. ‘Hayward’ over a 2-year period. Fruit flesh firmness increased under all organic Ca applications. In addition, all treatments resulted in elevated dry mass content, which is a common quality index. In leaves, the concentrations of N, P, K and B were higher compared to control. In fruits, the concentrations of N, B, K and Ca increased, in contrast to Mg, which was reduced. The content of Mn, Zn, Fe and Cu was not affected either in leaves or fruits. Application of organic Ca-fertilizers led to increased flesh firmness, total soluble solids, total acidity, and dry mass percentage. Foliar application with the addition of the biostimulant THEOFAST resulted in the elongation of stigmas area in kiwi cv. ‘Hayward’ fruits.
{"title":"Effect of organic calcium uptake and biostimulants during integrated nutrient management (INM) cultivation of kiwifruit cv. ‘Hayward’","authors":"T. Sotiropoulos, I. Manthos, T. Chatzistathis, Nektarios Kountis, O. Dichala, G. Tsoktouridis","doi":"10.15835/nbha51213109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51213109","url":null,"abstract":"Foliar application with calcium (Ca) fertilizers improves quality and flesh firmness of kiwifruit and affects the mineral composition of leaves and fruits. The impact of preharvest foliar sprays, using a commercial fertilizer with organic Ca content in combination with an integrated nutrient management (INM) fertilizers and biostimulants was assessed for the quality properties and nutritional status of the kiwi cv. ‘Hayward’ over a 2-year period. Fruit flesh firmness increased under all organic Ca applications. In addition, all treatments resulted in elevated dry mass content, which is a common quality index. In leaves, the concentrations of N, P, K and B were higher compared to control. In fruits, the concentrations of N, B, K and Ca increased, in contrast to Mg, which was reduced. The content of Mn, Zn, Fe and Cu was not affected either in leaves or fruits. Application of organic Ca-fertilizers led to increased flesh firmness, total soluble solids, total acidity, and dry mass percentage. Foliar application with the addition of the biostimulant THEOFAST resulted in the elongation of stigmas area in kiwi cv. ‘Hayward’ fruits.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45586856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
‘Niagara Steck’ and ‘Niagara Variegada’ are two grapevine varieties that arose spontaneously as somatic mutants of ‘Niagara Rosada’. Berries characterize ‘Niagara Steck’ at young stages exhibiting a remarkable brown reticulated structure on the epidermis which develops into a brown-bronze russet-like structure as the berries ripe. The mature berries have strongly acidic flesh. ‘Niagara Variegada’ shows notable variegation in leaves and berries. Meiotic studies were carried out to ascertain if the mutant phenotypes could be related to any change in chromosome number, structure or other irregularity. Floral buds of both varieties at different developmental stages were collected and fixed for cytological analyses. Chromosome counts at diakinesis/metaphase I showed n=19 bivalents for both varieties. Univalent, trivalent, tetravalent chromosomes or chain configuration were not recorded ruling out the possibility of any alteration in the chromosome number or structure in both mutant varieties. However, low percentages of meiotic irregularities were recorded such as chromosome stickiness, laggards, non-oriented chromosomes, precocious chromosome segregation, tetrads with one microcyte, microspore fusion, and tetrad degeneration. The total percentage of abnormalities was higher in ‘Niagara Variegada’ (19.68%) than in ‘Niagara Steck’ (14.40%) which may have contributed to a lower percentage of pollen fertility (79.80%) when compared to ‘Steck’ (90.74%). The aforementioned varieties can be propagated by hardwood cuttings and constitute an interesting option for ornamentation of home backyards, patios, and gardens with the advantage that ‘Niagara Variegada’ bearing sweet edible berries.
{"title":"Meiotic behavior of two grapevine somatic mutants with ornamental potential","authors":"N. I. Pierozzi, Mara FERNANDES MOURA","doi":"10.15835/nbha51213030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51213030","url":null,"abstract":"‘Niagara Steck’ and ‘Niagara Variegada’ are two grapevine varieties that arose spontaneously as somatic mutants of ‘Niagara Rosada’. Berries characterize ‘Niagara Steck’ at young stages exhibiting a remarkable brown reticulated structure on the epidermis which develops into a brown-bronze russet-like structure as the berries ripe. The mature berries have strongly acidic flesh. ‘Niagara Variegada’ shows notable variegation in leaves and berries. Meiotic studies were carried out to ascertain if the mutant phenotypes could be related to any change in chromosome number, structure or other irregularity. Floral buds of both varieties at different developmental stages were collected and fixed for cytological analyses. Chromosome counts at diakinesis/metaphase I showed n=19 bivalents for both varieties. Univalent, trivalent, tetravalent chromosomes or chain configuration were not recorded ruling out the possibility of any alteration in the chromosome number or structure in both mutant varieties. However, low percentages of meiotic irregularities were recorded such as chromosome stickiness, laggards, non-oriented chromosomes, precocious chromosome segregation, tetrads with one microcyte, microspore fusion, and tetrad degeneration. The total percentage of abnormalities was higher in ‘Niagara Variegada’ (19.68%) than in ‘Niagara Steck’ (14.40%) which may have contributed to a lower percentage of pollen fertility (79.80%) when compared to ‘Steck’ (90.74%). The aforementioned varieties can be propagated by hardwood cuttings and constitute an interesting option for ornamentation of home backyards, patios, and gardens with the advantage that ‘Niagara Variegada’ bearing sweet edible berries.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48648487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Karapatzak, K. Papanastasi, D. Kyrkas, P. Yfanti, Nikos Nikisianis, E. Maloupa, Giorgos Patakioutas, N. Krigas
The common dogwood (Cornus sanguinea L., Cornaceae) across the European continent represents a species with validated ornamental and nutraceutical value that has been utilized by humans for thousands of years but has been abandoned during modern times. It still represents however, a valuable but neglected native germplasm resource. The development of an asexual propagation protocol as a first step towards utilization of Greek C. sanguinea germplasm is presented herein for the first time. Plant material was collected from C. sanguinea‘s natural habitat during winter dormancy (hardwood cuttings) as well as during early vegetative growth (softwood cuttings). The propagation protocol was developed through preliminary trials for the successful propagation of the material sourced directly from the wild to establish enough starting material (ex situ adapted mother plants); consecutively, cutting propagation experiments over a two-year period coupled with early plant growth and survival assessment were conducted. The results showed that the use of external indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) rooting hormone application between 2,000 and 4,000 ppm delivered very high rooting rates (80-100%) via the use of primary softwood, leafy cuttings with minimum amount of lignification under mist. The proposed protocol is considered fast, reliable, easy to implement and economically viable. The study provides first time data on domestication and propagation of Greek C. sanguinea germplasm and at the same time paves the way for further research on the sustainable utilization of this species.
{"title":"Asexual propagation for sustainable utilization of Greek indigenous germplasm of common dogwood (Cornus sanguinea L.), a neglected but noteworthy ornamental and nutraceutical species","authors":"E. Karapatzak, K. Papanastasi, D. Kyrkas, P. Yfanti, Nikos Nikisianis, E. Maloupa, Giorgos Patakioutas, N. Krigas","doi":"10.15835/nbha51212933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51212933","url":null,"abstract":"The common dogwood (Cornus sanguinea L., Cornaceae) across the European continent represents a species with validated ornamental and nutraceutical value that has been utilized by humans for thousands of years but has been abandoned during modern times. It still represents however, a valuable but neglected native germplasm resource. The development of an asexual propagation protocol as a first step towards utilization of Greek C. sanguinea germplasm is presented herein for the first time. Plant material was collected from C. sanguinea‘s natural habitat during winter dormancy (hardwood cuttings) as well as during early vegetative growth (softwood cuttings). The propagation protocol was developed through preliminary trials for the successful propagation of the material sourced directly from the wild to establish enough starting material (ex situ adapted mother plants); consecutively, cutting propagation experiments over a two-year period coupled with early plant growth and survival assessment were conducted. The results showed that the use of external indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) rooting hormone application between 2,000 and 4,000 ppm delivered very high rooting rates (80-100%) via the use of primary softwood, leafy cuttings with minimum amount of lignification under mist. The proposed protocol is considered fast, reliable, easy to implement and economically viable. The study provides first time data on domestication and propagation of Greek C. sanguinea germplasm and at the same time paves the way for further research on the sustainable utilization of this species.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48190851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Afshari, B. Mirshekari, Abdollah HASANZADEH GHORTTAPEH, F. Farahvash, M. Yarnia
The effect of bio-fertilizers and super-absorbents on the modification of water-deficit stress was studied in castor. A field experiment was conducted with a split-plot design based on a completely randomized block design with three replications. The first factor included four levels (70, 100, 130, and 160 mm of evaporation pan A Class) in the main plot; the sub-factor was the application of four bio-fertilizer treatments (Azospirillum, Citrobacter, Azospirillum + Citrobacter, and control); and the superabsorbent at two levels (superabsorbent consumption and control) as a factorial was placed in the sub-plots. With the intensification of the water-deficit stress from 70 to 160 mm of evaporation, the number of seeds per plant, the 1,000-kernel weight, and the oil percentage significantly dropped. All three bio-fertilizer treatments significantly increased the number of grains, 1,000 kernel weight, and oil percentage compared to the control. Citrobacter in all four irrigation levels significantly increased the content of photosynthetic pigments, grin yield, oil yield and proline content and decreased the catalase activity and malondialdehyde content. The application of the super-absorbent under the stress condition of 160 mm significantly raised the content of chlorophyll b, soluble sugar, grain yield, oil yield, and proline compared to the control treatment. Among the combinations of bio-fertilizer and super-absorbent treatments, the highest photosynthetic pigments’ content, grain yield, and oil yield and the lowest catalase enzyme activity belonged to Azospirillum + superabsorbent consumption. However, the maximum soluble sugars and the minimum malondialdehyde content belonged to Citrobacter + superabsorbent.
{"title":"The effect of bio-fertilizers and a super-absorbent on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) under water-deficit conditions","authors":"H. Afshari, B. Mirshekari, Abdollah HASANZADEH GHORTTAPEH, F. Farahvash, M. Yarnia","doi":"10.15835/nbha51213048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51213048","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of bio-fertilizers and super-absorbents on the modification of water-deficit stress was studied in castor. A field experiment was conducted with a split-plot design based on a completely randomized block design with three replications. The first factor included four levels (70, 100, 130, and 160 mm of evaporation pan A Class) in the main plot; the sub-factor was the application of four bio-fertilizer treatments (Azospirillum, Citrobacter, Azospirillum + Citrobacter, and control); and the superabsorbent at two levels (superabsorbent consumption and control) as a factorial was placed in the sub-plots. With the intensification of the water-deficit stress from 70 to 160 mm of evaporation, the number of seeds per plant, the 1,000-kernel weight, and the oil percentage significantly dropped. All three bio-fertilizer treatments significantly increased the number of grains, 1,000 kernel weight, and oil percentage compared to the control. Citrobacter in all four irrigation levels significantly increased the content of photosynthetic pigments, grin yield, oil yield and proline content and decreased the catalase activity and malondialdehyde content. The application of the super-absorbent under the stress condition of 160 mm significantly raised the content of chlorophyll b, soluble sugar, grain yield, oil yield, and proline compared to the control treatment. Among the combinations of bio-fertilizer and super-absorbent treatments, the highest photosynthetic pigments’ content, grain yield, and oil yield and the lowest catalase enzyme activity belonged to Azospirillum + superabsorbent consumption. However, the maximum soluble sugars and the minimum malondialdehyde content belonged to Citrobacter + superabsorbent.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43428765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Jian, Qiu Qiang, Guan YIJUN, Ran QIUYAN, Gu Jianing, Zhao Qian, Zhao Chungang, A. Rasheed, Wang YUEQIANG, Liang Chen, Nazer MANZOOR, Sameer H. Qari, Aminah A. Barqawi, H. Wahab, Xie Zhiming, Wang XIAOXUE
The soybean is a source of several dietary components, including milk, protein, and oil. Cold stress has significantly curtailed soybean growth and yield in large areas and caused a high risk to global food security. The main objective of soybean breeders is to improve soybean resistance to cold stress. Conventional breeding approaches have made significant progress in developing cold tolerance in soybean; however, the high cost and complex genetic mechanism of cold tolerance hindered the large scale of these techniques. Molecular tools like quantitative trait loci (QTL), genome-wide association studies (GWAS), transcription factors (TFs), genetic engineering, and transcriptome have been used to identify cold tolerant genes/QTL and to develop soybean cultivars tolerant to cold stress. Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) is used to increase the abiotic stress tolerance in soybean; however, its use to edit the cold tolerance genes in soybean is limited. Mapping of QTL has accelerated the master-assisted selection (MAS) in soybean. This review presents a detailed overview of molecular techniques and their use in developing cold-tolerant soybean cultivars. Using CRISPR/Cas9 would increase the speed of molecular breeding for cold tolerance in soybean. This information will assist soybean researchers in uncovering the basis of cold stress tolerance in soybean and adopting the most suitable way to breed the cold tolerant cultivars which can thrive under the extreme pressure of cold stress.
{"title":"Deciphering the myth of cold tolerance in soybean: An overview of molecular breeding applications","authors":"Wei Jian, Qiu Qiang, Guan YIJUN, Ran QIUYAN, Gu Jianing, Zhao Qian, Zhao Chungang, A. Rasheed, Wang YUEQIANG, Liang Chen, Nazer MANZOOR, Sameer H. Qari, Aminah A. Barqawi, H. Wahab, Xie Zhiming, Wang XIAOXUE","doi":"10.15835/nbha51213160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51213160","url":null,"abstract":"The soybean is a source of several dietary components, including milk, protein, and oil. Cold stress has significantly curtailed soybean growth and yield in large areas and caused a high risk to global food security. The main objective of soybean breeders is to improve soybean resistance to cold stress. Conventional breeding approaches have made significant progress in developing cold tolerance in soybean; however, the high cost and complex genetic mechanism of cold tolerance hindered the large scale of these techniques. Molecular tools like quantitative trait loci (QTL), genome-wide association studies (GWAS), transcription factors (TFs), genetic engineering, and transcriptome have been used to identify cold tolerant genes/QTL and to develop soybean cultivars tolerant to cold stress. Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) is used to increase the abiotic stress tolerance in soybean; however, its use to edit the cold tolerance genes in soybean is limited. Mapping of QTL has accelerated the master-assisted selection (MAS) in soybean. This review presents a detailed overview of molecular techniques and their use in developing cold-tolerant soybean cultivars. Using CRISPR/Cas9 would increase the speed of molecular breeding for cold tolerance in soybean. This information will assist soybean researchers in uncovering the basis of cold stress tolerance in soybean and adopting the most suitable way to breed the cold tolerant cultivars which can thrive under the extreme pressure of cold stress.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45960050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The text is intended for biologists and ecologists working with wild plant species. The article draws attention to possible methodological inaccuracies in determining seed germination and in various attempts to manipulate the seeds of wild plant species. The difference between seed germination in the laboratory and in the wild (in the field), basic principles of seed collection or selection, selection of test sample, basic parameters related to seed germination (seed germination, germination rate, mean germination time, germination index), and initial growth seedlings (seedling vitality index, R/S ratio) are described. The text aims to methodically clarify experiments related to seed germination and initial seedling growth, so different wild plant species can be better compared with each other.
{"title":"Methodological contribution on seed germination and seedling initial growth tests in wild plants","authors":"B. Šerá","doi":"10.15835/nbha51213164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51213164","url":null,"abstract":"The text is intended for biologists and ecologists working with wild plant species. The article draws attention to possible methodological inaccuracies in determining seed germination and in various attempts to manipulate the seeds of wild plant species. The difference between seed germination in the laboratory and in the wild (in the field), basic principles of seed collection or selection, selection of test sample, basic parameters related to seed germination (seed germination, germination rate, mean germination time, germination index), and initial growth seedlings (seedling vitality index, R/S ratio) are described. The text aims to methodically clarify experiments related to seed germination and initial seedling growth, so different wild plant species can be better compared with each other.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43474150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) is an important fruit vegetable that can be long-term transport and storage. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are commercially used light sources applied to improve the producing of leaf vegetables in plant factory. However, the influences of LEDs on the plant growth and flower development of fruit vegetables remain unknown. In this study, five effective light quality treatments, including white light, a 10:8 ratio of blue (B) to red (R) light, a 10:4 mixture of blue/red light, red light, and blue light, were used for growing squash and inducing female flowers to maximize production. Our results show that varying light quality influence morphological traits and flower appearance. Both blue and red light improved the development of first and second internodes and induced larger leaves and petiole lengths, whereas 10:4 mixture caused shorter plant heights and decreased internode and petiole lengths. Although 10:8 mixture treatment reduced chlorophyll content, this spectral regime increased leaf number and influenced flower sex development, inducing more female flowers and more fruits. Light quality manipulation thus beneficially influences the growth and flower sex proportion in squash plants. Squash plants under 10:8 mixture treatment exhibited increase in yield, and can be used as a supplementary light treatment in plant factory.
{"title":"Effects of red and blue light ratio on the morphological traits and flower sex expression in Cucurbita moschata Duch.","authors":"K. Lin, Yu-Chi Chen, Qi-En Wu, Hsin-Hung Lin","doi":"10.15835/nbha51213123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51213123","url":null,"abstract":"Squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) is an important fruit vegetable that can be long-term transport and storage. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are commercially used light sources applied to improve the producing of leaf vegetables in plant factory. However, the influences of LEDs on the plant growth and flower development of fruit vegetables remain unknown. In this study, five effective light quality treatments, including white light, a 10:8 ratio of blue (B) to red (R) light, a 10:4 mixture of blue/red light, red light, and blue light, were used for growing squash and inducing female flowers to maximize production. Our results show that varying light quality influence morphological traits and flower appearance. Both blue and red light improved the development of first and second internodes and induced larger leaves and petiole lengths, whereas 10:4 mixture caused shorter plant heights and decreased internode and petiole lengths. Although 10:8 mixture treatment reduced chlorophyll content, this spectral regime increased leaf number and influenced flower sex development, inducing more female flowers and more fruits. Light quality manipulation thus beneficially influences the growth and flower sex proportion in squash plants. Squash plants under 10:8 mixture treatment exhibited increase in yield, and can be used as a supplementary light treatment in plant factory.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42524061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irregular flowering is a serious problem in longan production. Identifying the flower induction-related genes and analyzing their regulation mechanism is the key to solve this problem. The APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily members are transcription factors (TFs) that regulate diverse developmental processes, including flowering time, and stress responses in plants. However, there is still no research about AP2/ERF involved in the regulation of longan flower induction. In the present study, a AP2/ERF TF member DlERF23 was cloned from longan (Dimocarpus longan). It has a typical AP2 domain with the coding sequence (CDS) of DlERF23 is 552 bp in length and encodes 184 amino acids. The molecular weight of DlERF23 protein was 20.41 kda and the theoretical isoelectric point (PI) was 7.69. The amino acid sequence of DlERF23 protein had the highest similarity with CsERF23 (XP_006478313.1) of Citrus sinensis and CcERF23 (XP_006441807.2) of Citrus clementina. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression level of DlERF23 gene in pericarp was higher, followed by stem, leave, flower and flower bud. Meanwhile, DlERF23 gene significant down-regulated in the early stage of flower induction in ‘Sijimi’ (SJ) longan and up-regulated in the late stage of flower induction in ‘Shixia’ (SX). The results of transient expression of Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that the fluorescence signal was mainly concentrated in the nucleus. Moreover, overexpression of DlERF23 in Arabidopsis promoted early flowering. These results provide useful information for revealing the biological roles of DlERF23 in longan and increase our understanding of the AP2/ERF superfamily members in fruit trees.
{"title":"Cloning and analysis of DlERF23 gene in flower induction","authors":"Xuelian Sang, Ci Ren, D. Jue","doi":"10.15835/nbha51213133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51213133","url":null,"abstract":"Irregular flowering is a serious problem in longan production. Identifying the flower induction-related genes and analyzing their regulation mechanism is the key to solve this problem. The APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily members are transcription factors (TFs) that regulate diverse developmental processes, including flowering time, and stress responses in plants. However, there is still no research about AP2/ERF involved in the regulation of longan flower induction. In the present study, a AP2/ERF TF member DlERF23 was cloned from longan (Dimocarpus longan). It has a typical AP2 domain with the coding sequence (CDS) of DlERF23 is 552 bp in length and encodes 184 amino acids. The molecular weight of DlERF23 protein was 20.41 kda and the theoretical isoelectric point (PI) was 7.69. The amino acid sequence of DlERF23 protein had the highest similarity with CsERF23 (XP_006478313.1) of Citrus sinensis and CcERF23 (XP_006441807.2) of Citrus clementina. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression level of DlERF23 gene in pericarp was higher, followed by stem, leave, flower and flower bud. Meanwhile, DlERF23 gene significant down-regulated in the early stage of flower induction in ‘Sijimi’ (SJ) longan and up-regulated in the late stage of flower induction in ‘Shixia’ (SX). The results of transient expression of Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that the fluorescence signal was mainly concentrated in the nucleus. Moreover, overexpression of DlERF23 in Arabidopsis promoted early flowering. These results provide useful information for revealing the biological roles of DlERF23 in longan and increase our understanding of the AP2/ERF superfamily members in fruit trees.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42627313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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