In this study, bioinformatic analyses were carried out according to the fully coded CP and MP gene regions of the agent, using six novel tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) variants obtained from the production greenhouses in Antalya, where the infection was first detected in Turkey and global variants. Molecular evolutionary analyses using both CP and MP gene regions showed that all variants were distributed in three major clades. Population dynamics studies for both gene regions have shown that there was very low nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity. The low haplotype diversity for the CP and MP genes indicated almost no recombination status. A strong negative selection was determined for CP and MP gene regions, dN/dS= 0.0877 and dN/dS=0.2104, respectively. Neutrality test results revealed that ToBRFV populations are in an expansion phase. Pairwise comparisons were performed between populations separated in the geographic hierarchy as American, European, and Asian variants, and the findings showed intense gene flow and high genetic similarity (FST<0,33 and migration rate >1). The results of this study reveal the recent population structure of the virus and suggest that necessary precautions should be taken in the international seed trade against contaminated seeds.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) variants from Antalya province, Turkey","authors":"Abdullah GÜLLER, Mustafa USTA, Filiz RANDA-ZELYÜT","doi":"10.15835/nbha51313356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51313356","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, bioinformatic analyses were carried out according to the fully coded CP and MP gene regions of the agent, using six novel tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) variants obtained from the production greenhouses in Antalya, where the infection was first detected in Turkey and global variants. Molecular evolutionary analyses using both CP and MP gene regions showed that all variants were distributed in three major clades. Population dynamics studies for both gene regions have shown that there was very low nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity. The low haplotype diversity for the CP and MP genes indicated almost no recombination status. A strong negative selection was determined for CP and MP gene regions, dN/dS= 0.0877 and dN/dS=0.2104, respectively. Neutrality test results revealed that ToBRFV populations are in an expansion phase. Pairwise comparisons were performed between populations separated in the geographic hierarchy as American, European, and Asian variants, and the findings showed intense gene flow and high genetic similarity (FST<0,33 and migration rate >1). The results of this study reveal the recent population structure of the virus and suggest that necessary precautions should be taken in the international seed trade against contaminated seeds.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a valuable tree species, playing an important role in maintaining the ecological and economic balance not only in Kazakhstan, but also in many countries around the world. The purpose of this study was to assess the growth rate and to identify the genotypes of the half-sib progeny of Scotch pine plus trees in order to further obtain high-quality seeds with valuable genetic traits. A molecular genetic analysis was carried out using six microsatellite and 20 isoenzyme loci on 15 Scots pine half-sib families, represented by two samples of seeds collected in the subsequent harvesting periods (planted in 1986 and 1987), that evaluated the taxonomic characteristics such as tree height and trunk diameter (DBH, measured at 1.3 meters). Families with the highest growth rate in both samples were selected as candidates for the elite group. During the SSR analysis, a decrease in the level of expected heterozygosity (0.2377-0.5362 with an average value of 0.4593) was observed in P. sylvestris L. half-sibs compared to the sample of maternal plus trees (0.5444), with similar results to that of the “founder effect”. At the same time, the level of observed heterozygosity remained sufficiently high (0.3333-0.7037 with an average value of 0.4980 and 0.4556, respectively). During the isoenzyme analysis, the level of genetic variability either decreased or was similar to that of the maternal trees. Rare and unique alleles were found in seed samples of the analysed tree families. In general, this research showed that a comprehensive evaluation combining both traditional breeding methods (genetic assessment of progeny in the course of growth) and molecular genetic analysis is required for the selection of elite trees.
{"title":"The growth rate and genetic variability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) half-sibs in test crops of Northern Kazakhstan","authors":"Yana KREKOVA, Nadezhda CHEBOTKO, Dmitry KAGAN, Svetlana IVANOVSKAYA, Yekaterina VIBE, Andrey KABANOV","doi":"10.15835/nbha51313261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51313261","url":null,"abstract":"Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a valuable tree species, playing an important role in maintaining the ecological and economic balance not only in Kazakhstan, but also in many countries around the world. The purpose of this study was to assess the growth rate and to identify the genotypes of the half-sib progeny of Scotch pine plus trees in order to further obtain high-quality seeds with valuable genetic traits. A molecular genetic analysis was carried out using six microsatellite and 20 isoenzyme loci on 15 Scots pine half-sib families, represented by two samples of seeds collected in the subsequent harvesting periods (planted in 1986 and 1987), that evaluated the taxonomic characteristics such as tree height and trunk diameter (DBH, measured at 1.3 meters). Families with the highest growth rate in both samples were selected as candidates for the elite group. During the SSR analysis, a decrease in the level of expected heterozygosity (0.2377-0.5362 with an average value of 0.4593) was observed in P. sylvestris L. half-sibs compared to the sample of maternal plus trees (0.5444), with similar results to that of the “founder effect”. At the same time, the level of observed heterozygosity remained sufficiently high (0.3333-0.7037 with an average value of 0.4980 and 0.4556, respectively). During the isoenzyme analysis, the level of genetic variability either decreased or was similar to that of the maternal trees. Rare and unique alleles were found in seed samples of the analysed tree families. In general, this research showed that a comprehensive evaluation combining both traditional breeding methods (genetic assessment of progeny in the course of growth) and molecular genetic analysis is required for the selection of elite trees.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles have drawn increasing attention due to their potential to enhance plant tolerance to various stresses by modulating physiological and biochemical processes. Salinity is an important abiotic stress with a harmful impact on crop growth and productivity. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of silicon dioxide (SiO2) addition on milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) under salinity stress. Thus, individual and combined effects of the application of sodium chloride (NaCl, 50 and 100 mM) and SiO2 particles (0.1 mM) on some physiological and oxidative stress parameters, such as growth variables, photosynthetic pigments and soluble protein contents, the levels of an oxidative stress biomarker (malondialdehyde), and the specific activity of several antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) were evaluated. The results revealed that salt stress (100 mM) inhibited plant growth and decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, whereas the added SiO2 partially mitigated these negative effects. In addition, the 100 mM NaCl treatment significantly increased peroxidise (POD) activity and decreased soluble protein content after 22 days, while no significant differences were found for group subjected to salt stress in the presence of SiO2. Results suggest that application of SiO2 on salt-stressed milk thistle may modify the seedling metabolism and increase the plant salt tolerance capacity.
近年来，二氧化硅(SiO2)颗粒因其通过调节生理生化过程提高植物对各种胁迫的耐受性而受到越来越多的关注。盐胁迫是一种重要的非生物胁迫，对作物的生长和生产力产生不利影响。在此背景下，本研究的目的是研究二氧化硅(SiO2)的添加对水飞蓟(Silybum marianum (L.))的影响。在盐度胁迫下。因此，本研究评估了氯化钠(NaCl, 50和100 mM)和二氧化硅(0.1 mM)单独或联合施用对一些生理和氧化应激参数的影响，如生长变量、光合色素和可溶性蛋白含量、氧化应激生物标志物(丙二醛)水平以及几种抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶)的比活性。结果表明，盐胁迫(100 mM)抑制了植物生长，降低了叶绿素和类胡萝卜素水平，而添加SiO2可部分缓解这些负面影响。此外，100 mM NaCl处理22 d后显著提高了过氧化物酶(POD)活性，降低了可溶性蛋白含量，而在SiO2存在下盐胁迫组间差异不显著。结果表明，在盐胁迫下施用SiO2可改变水飞蓟幼苗代谢，提高植株耐盐能力。
{"title":"Biochemical responses of Silybum marianum seedlings to independent and combined salt and SiO2 treatments","authors":"Lăcrămioara OPRICĂ, Marius-Nicușor GRIGORE, Gabriela VOCHIȚA, Roxana JIJIE, Lucia-Florina POPOVICI","doi":"10.15835/nbha51313375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51313375","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles have drawn increasing attention due to their potential to enhance plant tolerance to various stresses by modulating physiological and biochemical processes. Salinity is an important abiotic stress with a harmful impact on crop growth and productivity. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of silicon dioxide (SiO2) addition on milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) under salinity stress. Thus, individual and combined effects of the application of sodium chloride (NaCl, 50 and 100 mM) and SiO2 particles (0.1 mM) on some physiological and oxidative stress parameters, such as growth variables, photosynthetic pigments and soluble protein contents, the levels of an oxidative stress biomarker (malondialdehyde), and the specific activity of several antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) were evaluated. The results revealed that salt stress (100 mM) inhibited plant growth and decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, whereas the added SiO2 partially mitigated these negative effects. In addition, the 100 mM NaCl treatment significantly increased peroxidise (POD) activity and decreased soluble protein content after 22 days, while no significant differences were found for group subjected to salt stress in the presence of SiO2. Results suggest that application of SiO2 on salt-stressed milk thistle may modify the seedling metabolism and increase the plant salt tolerance capacity.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed S. ATTIA, Mohamed H. SHARAF, Amr H. HASHEM, Amira Y. MAHFOUZ, Ghadir E. DAIGHAM, Abdulaziz A. AL-ASKAR, Hamada ABDELGAWAD, Mahmoud S. OMAR, Ali E. THABET, Mahmoud M. ABDALMOHSEN, Yousef R. ELADLY, Amer M. ABDELAZIZ
Several phytopathogens attack eggplant, causing crop damage. One of the most destructive plant diseases, Root-Knot Nematode (RKN), causes significant damage to eggplant seedlings. Finding safe and effective biological alternatives to prevent eggplant root nematode disease, which significantly limits plant productivity, is the innovative aspect of this study. Six isolates of plant growth-promoting fungus (PGPF) were tested in the current work for improving biochemical defense and physio-biochemical performance in eggplant seedlings under the Meloidogyne incognita challenge. PGPF isolates were tested in vitro for some biochemical traits such as Siderophores and HCN production. Besides, the antagonistic efficacy of PGPF filtrates against M. incognita was tested in vitro. The best isolates capable of producing HCN were F5 and F3 respectively. Also, F5 followed by F3 exhibited the maximum mortality proportions of 74.20% and 60.35% mortality in nematode juveniles after 96 hours respectively. Moreover, F5 has the highest level of antioxidant activity, with IC50 145 µg/mL followed by F3 with IC50 350 µg/mL. thus, we identified F5 and F3 completely as Rhizopus microsporus (OQ291571.1 and Aspergillus oryzae OQ291572.1. Implementing R. microsporus and A. oryzae collectively in vivo study was the most successful therapy, limiting nematode recordings as 95.23%, 86.98%, 80.35%, 80%, and 68.78% reduction in females, galls, developmental stage, egg masses, second juveniles, respectively, in diseased seedlings. It could be suggested that the use of ethyl acetate extracts (EAE) of A. oryzae and R. microsporus might be commercially applied as a stimulator of eggplant and or anti-nematodes against M. incognita.
{"title":"Application of Rhizopus microsporus and Aspergillus oryzae to enhance the defense capacity of eggplant seedlings against Meloidogyne incognita","authors":"Mohamed S. ATTIA, Mohamed H. SHARAF, Amr H. HASHEM, Amira Y. MAHFOUZ, Ghadir E. DAIGHAM, Abdulaziz A. AL-ASKAR, Hamada ABDELGAWAD, Mahmoud S. OMAR, Ali E. THABET, Mahmoud M. ABDALMOHSEN, Yousef R. ELADLY, Amer M. ABDELAZIZ","doi":"10.15835/nbha51313300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51313300","url":null,"abstract":"Several phytopathogens attack eggplant, causing crop damage. One of the most destructive plant diseases, Root-Knot Nematode (RKN), causes significant damage to eggplant seedlings. Finding safe and effective biological alternatives to prevent eggplant root nematode disease, which significantly limits plant productivity, is the innovative aspect of this study. Six isolates of plant growth-promoting fungus (PGPF) were tested in the current work for improving biochemical defense and physio-biochemical performance in eggplant seedlings under the Meloidogyne incognita challenge. PGPF isolates were tested in vitro for some biochemical traits such as Siderophores and HCN production. Besides, the antagonistic efficacy of PGPF filtrates against M. incognita was tested in vitro. The best isolates capable of producing HCN were F5 and F3 respectively. Also, F5 followed by F3 exhibited the maximum mortality proportions of 74.20% and 60.35% mortality in nematode juveniles after 96 hours respectively. Moreover, F5 has the highest level of antioxidant activity, with IC50 145 µg/mL followed by F3 with IC50 350 µg/mL. thus, we identified F5 and F3 completely as Rhizopus microsporus (OQ291571.1 and Aspergillus oryzae OQ291572.1. Implementing R. microsporus and A. oryzae collectively in vivo study was the most successful therapy, limiting nematode recordings as 95.23%, 86.98%, 80.35%, 80%, and 68.78% reduction in females, galls, developmental stage, egg masses, second juveniles, respectively, in diseased seedlings. It could be suggested that the use of ethyl acetate extracts (EAE) of A. oryzae and R. microsporus might be commercially applied as a stimulator of eggplant and or anti-nematodes against M. incognita.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135768918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the ameliorative effects of hydro- and hormopriming applications against salt stress of safflower seeds during germination and seedling development stage were investigated. Primed (hydropriming (0, 1, 2 and 3 days) with distilled water and hormopriming for 24 hours (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1 with kinetin) and nonprimed seeds were sown under control (no salt) and salt stress (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) conditions. When priming applications under salt stress are compared with the control, germination percentage (GP), seedling lenght (SL), root length (RL), seedling fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), leaf relative water content (RWC), elctrolyte leakeage (EL) parameters reducing the effects of stress, however, it was determined that caused an increase in carotenoid (Car), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total phenolic compounds (TPC) parameters. Besides this, it has an inhibitory effect on the increase in proline (Pro) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. According to the correlation analysis, significant positive correlation was determined in all parameters. A significant positive correlation was determined for hydropriming GP with SL, RL, SFW, RFW, and for hormopriming with SL, RL, SFW, RFW, total Chl, RWC and GP. According to the PCA analysis, the parameters examined in both applications it is seen that they are divided into four different groups. In conclusion, this study priming applications are compared with each other, it has been determined that hormopriming is more effective in reducing the effects of stress than hydropriming.
{"title":"Morphological and biochemical changes with hormone and hydro- priming applications in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seedlings under salinity stress conditions","authors":"Mehtap GÜRSOY","doi":"10.15835/nbha51313282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51313282","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the ameliorative effects of hydro- and hormopriming applications against salt stress of safflower seeds during germination and seedling development stage were investigated. Primed (hydropriming (0, 1, 2 and 3 days) with distilled water and hormopriming for 24 hours (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1 with kinetin) and nonprimed seeds were sown under control (no salt) and salt stress (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) conditions. When priming applications under salt stress are compared with the control, germination percentage (GP), seedling lenght (SL), root length (RL), seedling fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), leaf relative water content (RWC), elctrolyte leakeage (EL) parameters reducing the effects of stress, however, it was determined that caused an increase in carotenoid (Car), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total phenolic compounds (TPC) parameters. Besides this, it has an inhibitory effect on the increase in proline (Pro) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. According to the correlation analysis, significant positive correlation was determined in all parameters. A significant positive correlation was determined for hydropriming GP with SL, RL, SFW, RFW, and for hormopriming with SL, RL, SFW, RFW, total Chl, RWC and GP. According to the PCA analysis, the parameters examined in both applications it is seen that they are divided into four different groups. In conclusion, this study priming applications are compared with each other, it has been determined that hormopriming is more effective in reducing the effects of stress than hydropriming.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural biostimulants, such as microorganisms and seaweed extracts, are used in agriculture to improve crop yields with a sustainable approach. However, the interaction effects between different biostimulants have not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this work was to evaluate the synergistic effects of microorganisms (Glomus intraradices and Azospirillum brasilense) and seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum and Macrocytis pyrifera) on growth, yield and fruit quality of cucumber plants under soilless cultivation. Two doses of microorganisms (0 and 10 spores mL-1 + 106 CFU) and four concentrations of seaweed extract (0, 250, 500 and 2500 ppm) were evaluated. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement (2 x 4), with four replications per treatment. The results showed that the equatorial diameter of the fruit, yield and titratable acidity improve when applying microorganisms and seaweed extract in combination; however, when applying the two biostimulants the values of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, biomass (fresh and dry), firmness, total soluble solids, vitamin C, chlorophyll (a and total) and indices of color (L* and b*) did not exceed those obtained when the biostimulants were applied individually. The combined application of microorganisms and seaweed extract improves cucumber yield, but not vegetative growth and, except for titratable acidity, fruit quality attributes.
{"title":"Synergism of microorganisms and seaweed extract on vegetative growth, yield and quality of cucumber fruit","authors":"Alonso MENDEZ, Silvia MARTINEZ, Aida LEAL, Armando HERNANDEZ, Juana GARCÍA, Miriam SÁNCHEZ","doi":"10.15835/nbha51312888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51312888","url":null,"abstract":"Natural biostimulants, such as microorganisms and seaweed extracts, are used in agriculture to improve crop yields with a sustainable approach. However, the interaction effects between different biostimulants have not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this work was to evaluate the synergistic effects of microorganisms (Glomus intraradices and Azospirillum brasilense) and seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum and Macrocytis pyrifera) on growth, yield and fruit quality of cucumber plants under soilless cultivation. Two doses of microorganisms (0 and 10 spores mL-1 + 106 CFU) and four concentrations of seaweed extract (0, 250, 500 and 2500 ppm) were evaluated. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement (2 x 4), with four replications per treatment. The results showed that the equatorial diameter of the fruit, yield and titratable acidity improve when applying microorganisms and seaweed extract in combination; however, when applying the two biostimulants the values of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, biomass (fresh and dry), firmness, total soluble solids, vitamin C, chlorophyll (a and total) and indices of color (L* and b*) did not exceed those obtained when the biostimulants were applied individually. The combined application of microorganisms and seaweed extract improves cucumber yield, but not vegetative growth and, except for titratable acidity, fruit quality attributes.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuniel MÉNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ, Rosa I. NARVÁEZ-NARVÁEZ, Carlos ANGULO, Edilmar CORTÉS-JACINTO, Aroldo BOTELLO-LEON, Danis M. VERDECIA-ACOSTA, Yenny G. TORRES-NAVARRETE
The aquaculture due to the high cost and continued shortage of animal protein sources, the development of alternative plant protein sources has been one of the main challenges to establish sustainable aquaculture as economically viable. Objective of this investigation was to determine the chemical composition and effect of Tithonia diversifolia on the growth performance, feed efficiency and metabolic biochemistry of juveniles of Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus. Five treatments were used: 0% (control), 4, 8, 12 and 16% levels of inclusion of T. diversifolia flour in diet to feed juvenile fish cultured in 15 plastic aquariums at a density of 15 fish/aquarium. The assay lasted eight weeks. The T. diversifolia flour was characterized for showing adequate levels of crude protein (21%), with low crude fat (4.5%) levels, neutral detergent fiber levels: 43.03% and acid detergent fiber: 24.40%. The growth performance presented significant differences (p˂0.05), for weight gain, day average weight gain (DAW), length gain, day average length gain (DAL), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In treatment with 16% of inclusion of T. diversifolia flour, values obtained for weight gain, DAW, SGR, FE and PER (15.88 g, 0.28 g. day-1, 2.03 %, 0.34 g.g-1 and 0.98, respectively), which did not differ with the control treatment, highlighting the benefits of T diversifolia flour. The metabolic biochemistry parameters experienced a decrease with the increase of T. diversifolia in diet, where the highest values of triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucose were for the control treatment (p <0.05), while the protein increased to 4% of the flour. T. diversifolia flour presents an adequate balance of nutrients for its chemical composition and amino acids, without causing negative effects on the growth performance, weight-length relationship, feed efficiency, survival and metabolic biochemistry.
由于水产养殖的高成本和动物蛋白来源的持续短缺，开发替代植物蛋白来源一直是建立可持续水产养殖的主要挑战之一。本试验的目的是研究黄颡鱼(Tithonia varfolia)的化学成分及其对莫沙×尼罗鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus × nilochromis)幼鱼生长性能、饲料效率和代谢生化的影响。采用0(对照)、4、8、12和16%的饲料添加量，饲喂15个塑料水族箱养殖的幼鱼，密度为15只/个。实验持续8周。该粉粗蛋白质含量充足(21%)，粗脂肪含量低(4.5%)，中性洗涤纤维含量为43.03%，酸性洗涤纤维含量为24.40%。在增重、日平均增重(DAW)、体长增重(DAL)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)、蛋白质效率(PER)和饲料系数(FCR)方面差异显著(p小于0.05)。添加16%黄粉处理的增重、DAW、SGR、FE和PER值(分别为15.88 g、0.28 g. day-1、2.03%、0.34 g. day-1和0.98)与对照处理无显著差异，表明黄粉处理具有显著的增效作用。代谢生化指标随黄颡鱼粉添加量的增加而降低，其中甘油三酯、胆固醇和葡萄糖含量以对照处理最高(p <0.05)，而蛋白质含量则增加到面粉的4%。大黄粉在化学成分和氨基酸方面营养均衡，对生长性能、体长关系、饲料效率、成活率和代谢生化没有负面影响。
{"title":"Chemical composition of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) and its effect on growth performance, feed efficiency and metabolic biochemistry of juvenile hybrid tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"Yuniel MÉNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ, Rosa I. NARVÁEZ-NARVÁEZ, Carlos ANGULO, Edilmar CORTÉS-JACINTO, Aroldo BOTELLO-LEON, Danis M. VERDECIA-ACOSTA, Yenny G. TORRES-NAVARRETE","doi":"10.15835/nbha51313337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51313337","url":null,"abstract":"The aquaculture due to the high cost and continued shortage of animal protein sources, the development of alternative plant protein sources has been one of the main challenges to establish sustainable aquaculture as economically viable. Objective of this investigation was to determine the chemical composition and effect of Tithonia diversifolia on the growth performance, feed efficiency and metabolic biochemistry of juveniles of Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus. Five treatments were used: 0% (control), 4, 8, 12 and 16% levels of inclusion of T. diversifolia flour in diet to feed juvenile fish cultured in 15 plastic aquariums at a density of 15 fish/aquarium. The assay lasted eight weeks. The T. diversifolia flour was characterized for showing adequate levels of crude protein (21%), with low crude fat (4.5%) levels, neutral detergent fiber levels: 43.03% and acid detergent fiber: 24.40%. The growth performance presented significant differences (p˂0.05), for weight gain, day average weight gain (DAW), length gain, day average length gain (DAL), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In treatment with 16% of inclusion of T. diversifolia flour, values obtained for weight gain, DAW, SGR, FE and PER (15.88 g, 0.28 g. day-1, 2.03 %, 0.34 g.g-1 and 0.98, respectively), which did not differ with the control treatment, highlighting the benefits of T diversifolia flour. The metabolic biochemistry parameters experienced a decrease with the increase of T. diversifolia in diet, where the highest values of triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucose were for the control treatment (p <0.05), while the protein increased to 4% of the flour. T. diversifolia flour presents an adequate balance of nutrients for its chemical composition and amino acids, without causing negative effects on the growth performance, weight-length relationship, feed efficiency, survival and metabolic biochemistry.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":"19 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136101175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Honeysuckle has been widely used as a medicinal herb and food additive in China for a long time. However, little is known about the pigment composition and colouring mechanism of red honeysuckle, which is a rare germplasm resource. This study aims to investigate the anthocyanin components and colouring mechanism of red honeysuckle, and to identify potential regulatory genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. ‘Yujin 1’ and ‘Yujin 2’, with yellow-white and red flower buds, respectively, were selected for the study. Using a metabolomics method, we identified the anthocyanin components, while transcriptomics analysis was used to mine the structural and regulatory genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Additionally, protein-protein interaction analysis was employed to predict the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The results revealed that cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, peonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were the main pigment components of red honeysuckle. We also constructed a possible anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and identified MYB and bHLH transcription factors that may play regulatory roles in this pathway. Furthermore, our findings suggest that bHLH23 may regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis by binding to the DFR gene promoter. These findings have significant implications for breeding new honeysuckle varieties and developing functional foods and medicines.
金银花作为一种中草药和食品添加剂在中国被广泛使用已久。然而，红金银花作为一种罕见的种质资源，其色素组成和着色机理尚不清楚。本研究旨在研究红金银花花青素的成分和著色机制，并鉴定花青素生物合成途径中潜在的调控基因。选择花蕾分别为黄白色和红色的“玉金1号”和“玉金2号”进行研究。利用代谢组学方法，我们鉴定了花青素成分，而转录组学分析用于挖掘花青素生物合成途径的结构和调控基因。此外，利用蛋白-蛋白相互作用分析预测了花青素生物合成的调控机制。结果表明，花青素-3,5- o -二葡萄糖苷、芍药苷-3,5- o -二葡萄糖苷和花青素-3- o -葡萄糖苷是红金银花色素的主要成分。我们还构建了一个可能的花青素生物合成途径，并鉴定了MYB和bHLH转录因子可能在该途径中发挥调控作用。此外，我们的研究结果表明bHLH23可能通过结合DFR基因启动子来调节花青素的生物合成。这些发现对培育金银花新品种、开发功能性食品和药物具有重要意义。
{"title":"Metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal the colouring mechanism of red honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.)","authors":"Xiaodong ZHANG, Caixia LI, Zhanchao HAO","doi":"10.15835/nbha51313150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51313150","url":null,"abstract":"Honeysuckle has been widely used as a medicinal herb and food additive in China for a long time. However, little is known about the pigment composition and colouring mechanism of red honeysuckle, which is a rare germplasm resource. This study aims to investigate the anthocyanin components and colouring mechanism of red honeysuckle, and to identify potential regulatory genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. ‘Yujin 1’ and ‘Yujin 2’, with yellow-white and red flower buds, respectively, were selected for the study. Using a metabolomics method, we identified the anthocyanin components, while transcriptomics analysis was used to mine the structural and regulatory genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Additionally, protein-protein interaction analysis was employed to predict the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The results revealed that cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, peonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were the main pigment components of red honeysuckle. We also constructed a possible anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and identified MYB and bHLH transcription factors that may play regulatory roles in this pathway. Furthermore, our findings suggest that bHLH23 may regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis by binding to the DFR gene promoter. These findings have significant implications for breeding new honeysuckle varieties and developing functional foods and medicines.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the oldest cultivated fruit species in the world. Fruits and oils of autocthonous olive varieties (native Turkish olive varieties) with unique sensory properties (taste, smell and aroma) gain importance recently. Particularly olive oil companies looking for varieties that have distinct taste, smell and aroma in their oil. Propagation of olive varieties by cuttings and grafting is very difficult and expensive, therefore it is important to find solution for easy and mass propagation. Micropropagation is particularly beneficial to propagate plants that are difficult to reproduce conventionally or to ensure virus-free plants or plants with particular qualities. In this study, in vitro micropropagation success of two autocthonous olive varieties (‘Mavi’ and ‘Guleki’) grown in the origin center of olive, Southeast Anatolia, Türkiye was investigated. Both varieties, have distinct smell, taste and aroma and are difficult to root by cuttings. The effects of three different medium OM (Olive Medium), WPM (Woody Plant Medium) and DKW (Driver-Kuniyuki Walnut Medium) and two different growth regulators BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and Zeatin on shoot induction (proliferation) in the in vitro micropropagation of the olive varieties were examined. Obtained shoots were later subjected to in vitro rooting and acclimatization. The highest proliferation efficiency and shoot length for both varieties were obtained with the use of 1 mg Zeatin+0.1 mg GAɜ hormone combinations on OM medium. ‘Mavi’ variety formed more roots compared to ‘Guleki’ (3.33 vs. 2.75 per shoots), and gave the highest rooting rate of 74.33% with 2 mg IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) treatment on ½ OM medium. In terms of rooting rate, Guleki gave the highest rooting (100%) on medium containing ½ OM, 0.2 mg GA3 and 4 mg IBA. 60% and 75% of the micropropagated plants of ‘Mavi’ and ‘Guleki’ varieties adapted well to the external conditions.
{"title":"Micropropagation of autochthonous olive varieties from Türkiye","authors":"Zeliha CIFTCI, Ebru SAKAR, Sezai ERCISLI, Mehmet Ilhan ODABASIOGLU, Dejan ZEJAK, Velibor SPALEVIC","doi":"10.15835/nbha51313267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51313267","url":null,"abstract":"Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the oldest cultivated fruit species in the world. Fruits and oils of autocthonous olive varieties (native Turkish olive varieties) with unique sensory properties (taste, smell and aroma) gain importance recently. Particularly olive oil companies looking for varieties that have distinct taste, smell and aroma in their oil. Propagation of olive varieties by cuttings and grafting is very difficult and expensive, therefore it is important to find solution for easy and mass propagation. Micropropagation is particularly beneficial to propagate plants that are difficult to reproduce conventionally or to ensure virus-free plants or plants with particular qualities. In this study, in vitro micropropagation success of two autocthonous olive varieties (‘Mavi’ and ‘Guleki’) grown in the origin center of olive, Southeast Anatolia, Türkiye was investigated. Both varieties, have distinct smell, taste and aroma and are difficult to root by cuttings. The effects of three different medium OM (Olive Medium), WPM (Woody Plant Medium) and DKW (Driver-Kuniyuki Walnut Medium) and two different growth regulators BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and Zeatin on shoot induction (proliferation) in the in vitro micropropagation of the olive varieties were examined. Obtained shoots were later subjected to in vitro rooting and acclimatization. The highest proliferation efficiency and shoot length for both varieties were obtained with the use of 1 mg Zeatin+0.1 mg GAɜ hormone combinations on OM medium. ‘Mavi’ variety formed more roots compared to ‘Guleki’ (3.33 vs. 2.75 per shoots), and gave the highest rooting rate of 74.33% with 2 mg IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) treatment on ½ OM medium. In terms of rooting rate, Guleki gave the highest rooting (100%) on medium containing ½ OM, 0.2 mg GA3 and 4 mg IBA. 60% and 75% of the micropropagated plants of ‘Mavi’ and ‘Guleki’ varieties adapted well to the external conditions.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sondes Fkiri, Touhami Rzigui, Hanene Ghazghazi, Larbi M. Khouja, Abelhamid Khaldi, Frédéric Guibal, Zouheir Nasr
This study aimed to provide insights on intraspecific variability of photosynthesis performance of 19 provenances of black pine planted in a common garden. The experiment was conducted in an experimental trial located at Souiniet (the southern limit of its range) Photosynthetic capacity characterized by light-saturated net photosynthetic rates, associated light compensation points and apparent quantum yield was monitored by measuring the response of leaf gas exchange to light levels. Amax was the highest in provenances Puget Theniers (nigra ssp), Saint-Guilhem (salzmanni ssp), Marghese and les barres (laricio ssp). The lowest value was recorded in Olette of the subspecies salzmanni. Needles from two provenances Crimea (pallasiana ssp) and Les Barres (ssp laricio) revealed the highest apparent quantum yield (ɸ), followed by Brougatlès Ales (salzmanni ssp), Trenta Coste (ssp laricio), Les barres and Puget Theniers (nigra ssp). The lowest apparent quantum Yield was recorded in Laricio subspecies (Cosenza; Les barres and Bois frerot). The highest value of dark respiration (Rd) was shown in provenance Les barres (laricio ssp), while Grancia and Tavola of the laricio subspecies reported the lowest one. Provenances Tavola (laricio ssp) and Puget Theniers (nigra ssp) exhibited the highest LCP. The provenance Crimée (pallasiana ssp) and Aspromonto (laricio ssp) recorded the lowest values. The maximum values of photosynthesis are positively correlated with the total chlorophyll contents and Leaf Mass area. Our study illustrates that Photosynthesis performance showed a difference between 19 provenances of black pine; it seems that black pine photosynthetic performance is eco-typical independent.
{"title":"Ecotype effects on photosynthesis performance using A/PFFD among Pinus nigra Arn.","authors":"Sondes Fkiri, Touhami Rzigui, Hanene Ghazghazi, Larbi M. Khouja, Abelhamid Khaldi, Frédéric Guibal, Zouheir Nasr","doi":"10.15835/nbha51312599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51312599","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to provide insights on intraspecific variability of photosynthesis performance of 19 provenances of black pine planted in a common garden. The experiment was conducted in an experimental trial located at Souiniet (the southern limit of its range) Photosynthetic capacity characterized by light-saturated net photosynthetic rates, associated light compensation points and apparent quantum yield was monitored by measuring the response of leaf gas exchange to light levels. Amax was the highest in provenances Puget Theniers (nigra ssp), Saint-Guilhem (salzmanni ssp), Marghese and les barres (laricio ssp). The lowest value was recorded in Olette of the subspecies salzmanni. Needles from two provenances Crimea (pallasiana ssp) and Les Barres (ssp laricio) revealed the highest apparent quantum yield (ɸ), followed by Brougatlès Ales (salzmanni ssp), Trenta Coste (ssp laricio), Les barres and Puget Theniers (nigra ssp). The lowest apparent quantum Yield was recorded in Laricio subspecies (Cosenza; Les barres and Bois frerot). The highest value of dark respiration (Rd) was shown in provenance Les barres (laricio ssp), while Grancia and Tavola of the laricio subspecies reported the lowest one. Provenances Tavola (laricio ssp) and Puget Theniers (nigra ssp) exhibited the highest LCP. The provenance Crimée (pallasiana ssp) and Aspromonto (laricio ssp) recorded the lowest values. The maximum values of photosynthesis are positively correlated with the total chlorophyll contents and Leaf Mass area. Our study illustrates that Photosynthesis performance showed a difference between 19 provenances of black pine; it seems that black pine photosynthetic performance is eco-typical independent.","PeriodicalId":19364,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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