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Biochemical, physiological, and molecular responses of diverse olive cultivars to different irrigation regimes 各种橄榄栽培品种对不同灌溉制度的生化、生理和分子反应
IF 1.8 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.15835/nbha51413395
Bassam F. Alowaiesh, A. EL-Mansy, Dina A. EL-ALAKMY, Esraa Rehema, D. Abd El-Moneim
Olive is an essential industrial crop in the Mediterranean region with valuable economic and agricultural concerns. Despite its drought resistance, its productivity is restricted by extreme drought stress. Olive cultivars display considerable variation in response mechanisms to drought stress. Accordingly, the impact of mild and extreme water deprivation over two seasons compared to full irrigation requirements on growth and physiological characteristics of three diverse olive cultivars. Three olive cultivars, ‘Manzanillo’, ‘Eggizi-Shami’, and ‘Tofaahi’, were evaluated under three irrigation regimes 100% ETc, 75% ETc, and 50% ETc. Characteristics of shoot and root, as well as physio-chemical constituents, were determined. Besides, the gene expression of dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB), dehydrin (DHN), and catalase (CAT) genes in olive cultivars were explored under different irrigation regimes. The results indicated a substantial impact of irrigation level on all studied parameters. The mild and extreme drought stress treatments caused a gradual reduction in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content, relative water content, root and shoot length, root and leaf numbers, branch count, and leaf area across both seasons. Conversely, proline content was considerably increased under drought treatments compared to well-watered conditions. Similarly, the assessed cultivars exhibited significant variation in all studied parameters, with ‘Eggizi-Shami’ demonstrating superiority. Under mild and extreme drought stress conditions, the cultivar ‘Eggizi-Shami’ displayed the highest proline content and most growth characteristics. Besides, the real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis displayed significant alterations in gene expression of the tested three genes related to drought response (DHN, DREB, and CAT). The RT-qPCR analysis revealed that under drought stress conditions (75% and 50% ETc), ‘Eggizi-Shami’ exhibited higher expression compared to the other two cultivars (‘Tofaahi’ and ‘Manzanillo’). Combining the results of morphological and physiological parameters with gene expression analysis of drought-related genes can offer highly validated information about drought-tolerant olive cultivars. This integrated approach serves as an innovative methodology to identify and confirm genes involved in abiotic stress.
橄榄是地中海地区重要的工业作物,具有重要的经济和农业价值。尽管它具有抗旱性,但其产量却受到极端干旱胁迫的限制。橄榄栽培品种对干旱胁迫的反应机制差异很大。因此,与全面灌溉要求相比,两季轻度和极端缺水对三种不同橄榄栽培品种的生长和生理特征的影响。在 100% ETc、75% ETc 和 50% ETc 三种灌溉条件下,对 "Manzanillo"、"Eggizi-Shami "和 "Tofaahi "三个橄榄品种进行了评估。测定了芽和根的特征以及理化成分。此外,还研究了不同灌溉制度下橄榄栽培品种中脱水反应元件结合(DREB)、脱水素(DHN)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)基因的表达情况。结果表明,灌溉水平对所有研究参数都有很大影响。轻度和极度干旱胁迫处理导致氮、磷、钾含量、相对含水量、根和芽长度、根和叶数量、枝条数和叶面积在两个季节中逐渐减少。相反,与水分充足的条件相比,干旱处理下的脯氨酸含量显著增加。同样,所评估的栽培品种在所有研究参数上都表现出显著差异,其中 "Eggizi-Shami "表现更优。在轻度和极端干旱胁迫条件下,"Eggizi-Shami "品种的脯氨酸含量最高,生长特性也最好。此外,实时定量 PCR(RT-qPCR)分析表明,与干旱响应相关的三个基因(DHN、DREB 和 CAT)的基因表达发生了显著变化。RT-qPCR 分析表明,在干旱胁迫条件下(75% 和 50% ETc),"Eggizi-Shami "的基因表达量高于其他两个品种("Tofaahi "和 "Manzanillo")。将形态和生理参数结果与干旱相关基因的基因表达分析相结合,可提供有关耐旱橄榄栽培品种的高度有效信息。这种综合方法是识别和确认参与非生物胁迫的基因的创新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic diversity assessment and in vitro propagation of some date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties 一些枣椰树(Phoenix dactylifera L.)品种的遗传多样性评估和离体繁殖
IF 1.8 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.15835/nbha51413449
Ahmed M. AbdelGhaffar, Rana M Alshegaihi, Mariam A. Alkhateeb, R. Alshamrani, A. Abuzaid, Said S. Soliman, Tarek Ismail, Ahmed Elzohery, D. Abd El-Moneim, Wessam F. Felemban, Ameina S. ALmoshadak, A. A. Hassanin
The evaluation of genetic diversity is crucial for breeders to develop strategies and improve the resilience, quality, and adaptability of the date palm. In this study, the genetic diversity of three date palm varieties was performed using ISSR-PCR molecular markers to determine its relationship with in vitro propagation response of these varieties. The molecular profiling was performed using ISSR-PCR. A total of 49 loci were produced by the PCR reactions, 38 of which were polymorphic while 11 were monomorphic. The level of polymorphism revealed by ISSR-PCR varied from 33.33% to 100%. The three date palm varieties were grouped into two clusters based on the results of cluster analyses that used morphological data and molecular profiles. Cluster I comprised the ‘Barhy’ variety and Cluster II included ‘Magdoul’ and ‘Amri’ varieties. The clustering analyses revealed the independence of the ‘Barhy’ variety in its characteristics from the other varieties based on either morphological or molecular data. The results of in vitro propagation showed that the ‘Amri’ variety exhibited the highest callus induction frequency (86.28%), callus weight (2.33 g), number of somatic embryos (9.32), number of shoots (14.62), number of roots (4.11), root length (4.63 cm), shoot length (13.61 cm) followed by ‘Magdoul’ and ‘Barhy’ varieties. The ‘Amri’ variety had the shortest callus induction period, at 23.26 days while the ‘Barhy’ variety exhibited the longest period of callus induction (28.55). It was deduced from the study that the ISSR marker reproduced trustworthy patterns of bands to determine the genetic diversity among different date palm varieties that are considered the cornerstone for the genetic improvement of date palms. The understanding of the relationship between genetic diversity and in vitro propagation response of date palm is essential for ensuring the long-term sustainability of its crop. This will facilitate better conservation and development of new date palm varieties that fulfil the needs of farmers and consumers.
遗传多样性评估对于育种者制定战略、提高枣椰树的抗逆性、品质和适应性至关重要。本研究利用 ISSR-PCR 分子标记对三个枣椰品种的遗传多样性进行了分析,以确定其与这些品种的体外繁殖反应之间的关系。分子分析是利用 ISSR-PCR 进行的。PCR 反应共产生了 49 个位点,其中 38 个多态,11 个单态。ISSR-PCR 揭示的多态性水平从 33.33% 到 100% 不等。根据使用形态学数据和分子图谱进行聚类分析的结果,三个枣椰品种被分为两组。聚类 I 包括 "Barhy "品种,聚类 II 包括 "Magdoul "和 "Amri "品种。聚类分析显示,根据形态学数据或分子数据,"Barhy "品种的特性独立于其他品种。离体繁殖结果表明,"Amri "品种的胼胝体诱导频率(86.28%)、胼胝体重量(2.33 克)、体细胞胚数量(9.32)、芽数量(14.62)、根数量(4.11)、根长度(4.63 厘米)、芽长度(13.61 厘米)最高,其次是 "Magdoul "和 "Barhy "品种。Amri "品种的茧诱导期最短,为 23.26 天,而 "Barhy "品种的茧诱导期最长(28.55 天)。研究结果表明,ISSR 标记再现了值得信赖的条带模式,可用于确定不同枣椰树品种之间的遗传多样性,这被认为是枣椰树遗传改良的基石。了解枣椰树遗传多样性与离体繁殖反应之间的关系对确保其作物的长期可持续性至关重要。这将有助于更好地保护和开发新的枣椰品种,以满足农民和消费者的需求。
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引用次数: 0
Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea isolate collected from gladiolus against selected fungicides, plant oils and botanicals in North India 从北印度剑兰中采集的灰霉病菌分离株对选定杀真菌剂、植物油和植物药的敏感性
IF 1.8 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.15835/nbha51413360
Gurvinder Kaur, H. Negi, Pallavi Ghosh, Shweta Sharma, Pankaj Kumar Ojha, Vivek Singh, S. Chandel
Integrated disease management is the best and most environmentally friendly technique for managing of a plant disease. Among the nine fungicides tested in vitro against Botrytis cinerea, which causes grey mould in Gladiolus, hexaconazole and a combination of iprodione+carbendazim exhibited complete inhibition of the mycelia growth at all the tested concentrations. In the evaluation of 15 different plant oils against B. cinerea, oils of Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon martini, Pelargonium graveolens, Cymbopogon sp., and Oreganum vulgare resulted in 100% mycelial growth inhibition of B. cinerea at all concentrations ranging from 200 to 1000 ppm. Aqueous extract of cloves of Allium sativum resulted best among the different botanicals and bioproducts tested in vitro with a maximum average mycelial growth inhibition of 57.39%, followed by the leaves of Azadirachta indica (45.47%) at 20, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. In integrated management of the grey mould of gladiolus under in vivo conditions, the combination of quintal + A. sativum + neem oil exhibited the maximum reduction in disease (94.40 %), followed by the combination of contaf + A.sativum + neem oil, which showed 93.19% disease reduction. The treatments viz., quintal +A.sativum + neem oil also resulted in the most superior treatment in enhancing growth and yield parameters of gladiolus with significantly improved plant height (70.34 cm), yield of corms (38.00), spike length (53.17 cm), number of florets (15.65), and number of flowers (32.67). These results indicate that the integrated management approach by using fungicides, botanicals and essential oils could be used for the control of grey mould diseases caused by Botrytis pathogens.
病害综合防治是防治植物病害的最佳和最环保的技术。在体外测试的九种杀菌剂中,己唑醇和异丙苯二酮+苄嘧啶的组合在所有测试浓度下都能完全抑制灰霉病菌丝体的生长。在评估 15 种不同植物油对灰霉病菌的抑制作用时,薄荷油、马提尼骏马油、天竺葵油、骏马油和牛至油在 200 至 1000 ppm 的所有浓度下都能 100%地抑制灰霉病菌的菌丝生长。在体外测试的不同植物药和生物制品中,丁香的水提取物效果最好,对菌丝生长的平均抑制率最高,为 57.39%,其次是 Azadirachta indica 的叶子(45.47%),浓度分别为 20、50、75 和 100 ppm。在体内条件下对剑兰灰霉病进行综合防治时,五倍子+A.sativum+印楝油的组合对病害的抑制率最高(94.40%),其次是康泰克+A.sativum+印楝油的组合,对病害的抑制率为 93.19%。在提高剑兰的生长和产量参数方面,五氯硝基苯+A.sativum+印楝油的处理效果也最为显著,显著提高了株高(70.34 厘米)、球茎产量(38.00)、穗长(53.17 厘米)、小花数(15.65)和花朵数(32.67)。这些结果表明,使用杀菌剂、植物药和精油的综合管理方法可用于控制由灰霉病病原体引起的灰霉病。
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引用次数: 0
Investigations on the chemical composition of volatile oils extracted from the leaves of spontaneous and cultivated Taxus baccata L. trees 从自生和栽培紫杉树叶中提取的挥发油化学成分研究
IF 1.8 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.15835/nbha51413383
M. Frunzete, Tatiana Rodideal, M. Grigore, Violeta A. Ion, Liliana Bădulescu, Ramona M. Ciocan, M. Zamfirache
Taxus L. is accepted in the literature as natural resources of biologically active compounds and volatile oils, with applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and with ecological impact on the natural living environment. In this context, the present work aims to analyze by GS/MS techniques the chemical composition of volatile oil obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves harvested from spontaneous and cultivated female individuals of Taxus (dried and fresh plant material) and to spectrophotometrically evaluate the hydrosols resulting from their hydrodistillation. The compounds with the highest concentrations in the volatile oil obtained from the spontaneous taxon Taxus baccata L. were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (33.03% fresh leaves; 20.09% dried leaves); ar-abietatriene (14.98% dried leaves; 3.03% fresh leaves); phthalic acid, hex-3-yl isobutyl ester (10.51% dried leaves); salicylic acid, benzyl ester (8.11% dried leaves). In the cultivated taxon Taxus baccata the compounds identified with the highest concentrations were 1-octen-3-ol (25.61% fresh leaves); phytol (12.50% dry leaves); geranyl acetone (11.90% dry leaves); manoyl oxide (11.85% dry leaves; 10.86% fresh leaves); 1,9-decadence (7.92% fresh leaves). The compounds with the highest concentrations in the oil extracted from the leaves of Taxus baccata ‘Robusta’ were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (17.81% fresh leaves); pentacosane (11.28% dry leaves); heptacosane (11.27% fresh leaves); tetracosane (11.13% dry leaves); tricosane (8.45% fresh leaves). The chemical composition of volatile oils from yew is influenced by many exogenous factors such as soil, light, and endogenous factors such as age, DNA.
文献认为紫杉属植物是生物活性化合物和挥发油的天然资源,可用于医药、食品和化妆品,并对自然生活环境产生生态影响。在此背景下,本研究旨在通过 GS/MS 技术分析从自生和栽培的雌性紫杉个体(干燥和新鲜植物材料)上采摘的叶片通过水蒸馏获得的挥发油的化学成分,并对水蒸馏产生的水溶液进行分光光度法评估。从自生类群 Taxus baccata L. 中获得的挥发油中浓度最高的化合物是六氢法尼基丙酮(鲜叶 33.03%;干叶 20.09%);ar-abietatriene(干叶 14.98%;鲜叶 3.03%);邻苯二甲酸,己-3-基异丁酯(干叶 10.51%);水杨酸,苄酯(干叶 8.11%)。在栽培类群 Taxus baccata 中,浓度最高的化合物是 1-辛烯-3-醇(鲜叶 25.61%);植物醇(干叶 12.50%);香叶基丙酮(干叶 11.90%);氧化马诺伊尔(干叶 11.85%;鲜叶 10.86%);1,9-癸二烯(鲜叶 7.92%)。从 Taxus baccata 'Robusta' 叶子中提取的油中浓度最高的化合物是六氢法尼基丙酮(鲜叶 17.81%);五烷(干叶 11.28%);七烷(鲜叶 11.27%);四烷(干叶 11.13%);三烷(鲜叶 8.45%)。紫杉挥发油的化学成分受许多外源因素(如土壤、光照)和内源因素(如树龄、DNA)的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Allelopathic interactions of brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.) with other aromatic plants during germination and seedling development 糙芥菜(Brassica juncea L.)在萌芽和幼苗生长过程中与其他芳香植物的异位相互作用
IF 1.8 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.15835/nbha51413382
Laszlo Fodorpataki, Petra Kulcsar
Organic compounds originating from plant metabolism and reaching the environment may inhibit or stimulate germination and early developmental processes of other plants grown in the vicinity. The aim of this study was to investigate the allelopathic interactions of brown mustard with four other aromatic plants (summer savoury, coriander, caraway and common sage). While health-promoting metabolites of brown mustard are thoroughly investigated and the plant receives an increasing interest from cultivators of aromatic and medicinal plants, its allelopathic interactions with other aromatic plants are poorly documented. The experiments were performed in closed germination vessels, under controlled conditions. The influence of the presence or absence of light, as well as of a sufficient or reduced water supply on the co-germination of brown mustard seeds with each of the other four aromatic plants was also evaluated. The presence of brown mustard reduced the germination velocity of caraway, coriander, sage and savoury. It inhibited stem elongation, but stimulated root growth of savoury. Shoot growth of coriander seedlings was enhanced by the vicinity of brown mustard plantlets. Caraway slowed down the germination of brown mustard seeds, but it stimulated root and stem elongation of the seedlings. The presence of savoury enhanced the fresh biomass production of brown mustard. Common sage inhibited root growth, but stimulated stem elongation of brown mustard plantlets. Most of the allelopathic effects were more pronounced under water shortage than under sufficient water supply. Positive interspecific influences on biomass production were, in most cases, more pronounced in the presence of light. The findings may contribute to optimization of brown mustard cultivation in small parcels, in the vicinity of other aromatic plants, some allelopathic interactions being able to stimulate growth and developmental processes in an environmental-friendly and cost-effective manner.
源于植物新陈代谢并到达环境中的有机化合物可能会抑制或刺激附近生长的其他植物的发芽和早期发育过程。本研究的目的是调查糙芥菜与其他四种芳香植物(夏枯草、芫荽、香芹和鼠尾草)之间的等位相互作用。虽然对糙米芥的健康促进代谢物进行了深入研究,而且芳香植物和药用植物的种植者也越来越关注这种植物,但其与其他芳香植物的等位相互作用却鲜有记载。实验是在受控条件下,在封闭的发芽容器中进行的。实验还评估了光照的有无、水分供应的充足与否对褐芥种子与其他四种芳香植物共同萌发的影响。褐芥的存在降低了胡芹、芫荽、鼠尾草和咸味草的萌发速度。它抑制了茎的伸长,但刺激了香薄荷根的生长。芫荽幼苗的嫩枝生长因附近有褐芥菜小苗而得到促进。香芹能减缓糙芥菜种子的萌发,但能刺激秧苗的根和茎的伸长。香薄荷的存在提高了糙芥菜新鲜生物量的产量。鼠尾草抑制根系生长,但刺激糙芥菜幼苗的茎伸长。在缺水条件下,大多数等位效应比在充足供水条件下更为明显。在大多数情况下,光照对生物量产生的积极种间影响更为明显。这些发现可能有助于在其他芳香植物附近的小块土地上优化糙芥菜的种植,某些等位基因相互作用能够以环境友好和成本效益高的方式刺激生长和发育过程。
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引用次数: 0
Biochar a promising amendment to mitigate the drought stress in plants: review and future prospective 生物炭是缓解植物干旱胁迫的一种有前途的改良剂:综述与未来展望
IF 1.8 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.15835/nbha51413447
Lihong Wang, Jianing Guan, Wei Jian, Athar Mahmood, Adnan Rasheed, Muhammad U. HASSAN, J. M. Al-Khayri, M. I. Aldaej, Muhammad N. Sattar, Adel Abdel-Sabour Rezk, M. I. Almaghasla, W. F. Shehata
Drought stress (DS) is one of the most destructive abiotic stresses that negatively affects plant growth, and yield. The intensity of DS is continuously increasing due rapid of water sources, less rainfall, and an increase in global warming. The world’s population is increasing at an alarming rate which needs a substantial increase in crop production to meet global food needs. Therefore, in this context, we must have to increase crop production in the scenarios of rapid climate change and increasing intensity of abiotic stresses. Globally, different measures are used to mitigate the adverse impacts of DS, recently biochar (BC) has emerged as an excellent soil amendment to mitigate the toxic effects of DS and improve crop production. The application maintains membrane integrity, plant water relations, nutrient homeostasis, photosynthetic performance, hormonal balance and osmolytes accumulation, and gene expression thereby improving plant performance under DS. Moreover, BC application under DS also improves soil organic matter, water holding capacity, soil structure stability, and activity of beneficial microbes which can improve the plant performance under DS. In the present review different mechanisms through which BC mitigates the adverse impacts of DS on plants are discussed. This review provides new suggestions on the role of BC in mitigating the adverse impacts of DS.
干旱胁迫(DS)是最具破坏性的非生物胁迫之一,对植物的生长和产量有负面影响。由于水源枯竭、降雨量减少和全球变暖,干旱胁迫的强度在不断增加。世界人口正以惊人的速度增长,这就需要大幅提高作物产量,以满足全球粮食需求。因此,在这种情况下,我们必须在气候变化迅速和非生物胁迫加剧的情况下提高作物产量。在全球范围内,人们采取了不同的措施来减轻土壤胁迫的不利影响,最近,生物炭(BC)作为一种极佳的土壤改良剂出现,可以减轻土壤胁迫的毒性影响,提高作物产量。生物炭的应用可保持膜的完整性、植物水分关系、养分平衡、光合作用、激素平衡和渗透溶解物的积累以及基因表达,从而提高植物在干旱胁迫下的表现。此外,在干旱缺水条件下施用硼酸还能提高土壤有机质、持水能力、土壤结构稳定性和有益微生物的活性,从而改善干旱缺水条件下的植物表现。本综述讨论了萃取物缓解干旱对植物不利影响的不同机制。本综述就碱性土在减轻土壤干旱不利影响方面的作用提出了新的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Drought stress-induced modification of morpho-anatomical and yield attributes of mung bean associated with the application of silicon and Moringa leaf extract 干旱胁迫引起的绿豆形态解剖学和产量属性的改变与硅和辣木叶提取物的应用有关
IF 1.8 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.15835/nbha51413370
Moazzma Anwar, Asma Hanif, Zhanwu Gao, Adnan Rasheed, Sobia Shahzad, Abdul Haseeb, Mah Gul, J. M. Al-Khayri, M. I. Aldaej, Muhammad N. Sattar, Adel Abdel-Sabour Rezk, M. I. Almaghasla, W. F. Shehata, T. A. Shalaby
Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is the rich source of fiber and essential nutrients. They play a vital role in sustainable agriculture due to their ability to fix nitrogen in the soil and enhance soil fertility. Drought is characterized by limited water resources and severe arid climatic conditions, notably impair crop growth and yield. In the current experiment, two genotypes, Azri-M 2006 and NM-92, were studied against drought stress that was applied as 2 days and 4 days irrigation gap per week. Foliar application of magnesium-silicate (20 ppm and 30 ppm concentrations) and Moringa leaf extract (30% v/v solution) was applied as treatments. The results from the experiment morphology anatomical and yield components were recorded according to the prescribed methods. The result revealed that drought stress reduced the growth of plant. Foliar application of 30 ppm silicon against drought stress showed a highly significant (p<0.001) result compared with control group. Morphology parameters, including shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight, root dry weight, leaf area, leaf number, the anatomical structure included (stem epidermis, cortex, and stem vascular bundles,) and also yield components (pod length, and seed numbers). In contrast, MLE (30%) showed a significant impact (p<0.01) on leaf lamina thickness (Leaf anatomical parameters; midrib xylem and phloem, number of stomata on the adaxial and abaxial surface) and yield components included (100-grain weight, grains weight per plant, and numbers of pods,). The overall impact of 30 ppm Si was 39.9% more positive on Azri-M2006 than the NM-92 against the drought stress. The 30-ppm silicon and 30% MLE showed 90% similar results in all studied parameters. This study confirms that 30% MLE could be recommended to farmers to improve productivity under arid conditions than the silicon.
绿豆(Vigna radiata)是纤维和必需营养素的丰富来源。由于绿豆能够在土壤中固氮,提高土壤肥力,因此在可持续农业中发挥着重要作用。干旱的特点是有限的水资源和严重干旱的气候条件,尤其影响作物的生长和产量。在当前的实验中,研究了 Azri-M 2006 和 NM-92 这两种基因型对干旱胁迫的抗性,每周灌溉间隔为 2 天和 4 天。叶面施用硅酸镁(浓度分别为 20ppm 和 30ppm)和辣木叶提取物(30% v/v 溶液)作为处理。按照规定的方法记录了试验结果的形态解剖和产量成分。结果显示,干旱胁迫降低了植物的生长。与对照组相比,叶面喷施 30 ppm 硅对干旱胁迫的影响非常显著(p<0.001)。形态参数包括芽和根的长度、芽和根的鲜重、根的干重、叶面积、叶片数、解剖结构(茎表皮、皮层和茎维管束)以及产量成分(豆荚长度和种子数)。相比之下,MLE(30%)对叶片厚度(叶片解剖参数;木质部中脉和韧皮部中脉、正面和背面气孔数量)和产量成分(百粒重、单株粒重和豆荚数量)有显著影响(p<0.01)。与 NM-92 相比,30ppm 硅对 Azri-M2006 干旱胁迫的总体影响要大 39.9%。在所有研究参数中,30ppm 硅和 30% MLE 的结果有 90% 相似。这项研究证实,与硅相比,30% MLE 可推荐给农民,以提高干旱条件下的产量。
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引用次数: 0
The role of endophytes and rhizobacteria to combat drought stress in wheat 内生菌和根瘤菌在小麦抗旱中的作用
IF 1.8 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.15835/nbha51413453
Asif Mukhtiar, Lihong Wang, Athar Mahmood, Muaz Ameen, Muhammad Anjum Zia, Tahreem Arshad, Maria Naqve, H. Wahab, Adnan Rasheed, Saima Asghar, Asma Zafar, Muhammad U. HASSAN
Wheat production suffers greatly from drought stress, resulting in yield losses. Endophytes and rhizobacteria have been recognized as a valuable source in mitigating of drought stress by improving plant resistance and growth. In this review, we discuss how endophytes and rhizobacteria help wheat cope with drought stress. During drought stress, endophytes have been found to increase plant water usage efficiency and decrease water loss. Endophytes are harmless microorganisms that live inside plant tissues. Rhizobacteria establish colonies in the root system through various procedures, including phytohormones production, modification of root architecture, and activation of stress-inducible genes, thereby promoting plant growth and enhancing stress resistance. Numerous studies have shown how endophytes and rhizobacteria can improve the potential of wheat to withstand drought. For instance, inoculation with endophytes like Piriformospora indica and Bacillus spp. has been proven to enhance wheat plant yield and drought resistance. Similarly, it has been proven that rhizobacteria like Pseudomonas spp. and Azospirillum brasilense enhance drought tolerance through a variety of mechanisms. To minimize the consequence of wheat under drought conditions, the efficient method is the use of endophytes and rhizobacteria as biofertilizers, which could ultimately boost yields and sustainability. More research needs to be done so that it can be used most effectively in the field and so that we can better understand how they work. We explained current understanding of the role and mechanisms of endophytes and rhizobacteria in minimizing drought stress effects in wheat. Additionally, we highlighted areas of limited knowledge and suggested directions for future research. This review will provide the new suggestion on the role of endophytes and rhizobacteria in mitigating the drought stress in plants.
小麦生产深受干旱胁迫之苦,导致减产。内生菌和根瘤菌被认为是通过提高植物抗性和生长来缓解干旱胁迫的宝贵资源。在本综述中,我们将讨论内生菌和根瘤菌如何帮助小麦应对干旱胁迫。研究发现,在干旱胁迫期间,内生菌可提高植物的水分利用效率,减少水分流失。内生菌是生活在植物组织内的无害微生物。根瘤菌通过各种程序在根系中建立菌落,包括产生植物激素、改变根系结构和激活胁迫诱导基因,从而促进植物生长和增强抗胁迫能力。大量研究表明,内生菌和根瘤菌可以提高小麦的抗旱潜力。例如,接种 Piriformospora indica 和芽孢杆菌属等内生菌已被证明能提高小麦产量和抗旱性。同样,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas spp.)和巴西绿氮菌(Azospirillum brasilense)等根瘤菌也被证明可通过多种机制提高抗旱性。为了尽量减少小麦在干旱条件下的后果,有效的方法是使用内生菌和根瘤菌作为生物肥料,最终提高产量和可持续性。我们需要开展更多的研究,以便在田间地头最有效地利用它们,并更好地了解它们的工作原理。我们解释了目前对内生菌和根瘤菌在最小化小麦干旱胁迫效应方面的作用和机制的理解。此外,我们还强调了知识有限的领域,并提出了未来的研究方向。本综述将为内生菌和根瘤菌在减轻植物干旱胁迫中的作用提供新的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of biostimulants based amino acids and irrigation frequency on agro-physiological characteristics and productivity of broccoli plants 基于氨基酸的生物刺激剂和灌溉频率对西兰花植物的农业生理特征和产量的影响
IF 1.8 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.15835/nbha51413454
Hossam S. EL-BELTAGI, M. Abuarab, Mahmoud A.M. Fahmy, Suzy M. Abdelaziz, Sara G. Abdel-Hakim, Emad A. Abdeldaym, Ghada A. Tawfic
Abstract scientists are concerned about the utilizing of biostimulants-based amino acids in plant feeding and mitigating negative effects of water stress. As a result, two-year field experiments were conducted at Faculty of Agriculture's experimental station at Cairo University to study the effectiveness of liquid yeast waste (CMS) and Cargo amino acids (AAs) on the agro-physiological features of broccoli plants with different irrigation frequencies (every 5, 10, and 15 days). Compared with control plants, the foliar application of AAs and CMS significantly increased plant height, photosynthesis pigments, head weight, head diameter, head height, plant yield, and quality at different irrigation frequencies. Likewise, both treatments (CMS and AAs) significantly improved ascorbic acids by 16.65% and 15.95% and increased total phenol content by 24.10% and 36.60%, respectively, compared to control plants. Accordingly, the highest productivity was achieved for broccoli grown under irrigation every five days with the CMS bio-stimulant, where it was 3111.17 kg ha-1, while the lowest productivity was achieved for the control treatment in which no biostimulants were added and irrigation frequency every 15 days, and the productivity was 1376.22 kg ha-1. Plants irrigated every 15 days produced the highest levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), followed by plants irrigated every 10 days and every 5 days. Exogenous application of amino acids bio-stimulants could be suggested to improve vegetative growth, biochemical characteristics, productivity, and nutritional value as well as to mitigate negative effects of water scarcity. 
摘要 科学家们对利用基于生物刺激剂的氨基酸喂养植物和减轻水胁迫的负面影响十分关注。因此,在开罗大学农学院实验站进行了为期两年的田间试验,研究液体酵母废料(CMS)和货物氨基酸(AAs)在不同灌溉频率(每 5 天、10 天和 15 天)下对西兰花植物农业生理特征的影响。与对照植株相比,在不同灌溉频率下,叶面喷施 AAs 和 CMS 能显著增加植株高度、光合色素、头重、头径、头高、植株产量和品质。同样,与对照植株相比,两种处理(CMS 和 AAs)分别显著提高抗坏血酸 16.65% 和 15.95%,提高总酚含量 24.10% 和 36.60%。因此,使用 CMS 生物刺激剂每 5 天灌溉一次的西兰花产量最高,为 3111.17 千克/公顷,而未添加生物刺激剂且每 15 天灌溉一次的对照处理产量最低,为 1376.22 千克/公顷。每 15 天灌溉一次的植物产生的脱落酸(ABA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平最高,其次是每 10 天灌溉一次和每 5 天灌溉一次的植物。建议外源施用氨基酸生物刺激剂,以改善植物生长、生化特性、生产力和营养价值,并减轻缺水的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of melatonin on physiological, biochemical, and enzymatic properties and the expression of antioxidant genes under different irrigation regimes in wheat 不同灌溉制度下褪黑激素对小麦生理、生化和酶特性以及抗氧化基因表达的影响
IF 1.8 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.15835/nbha51413270
Mohammad Hasso Mohammad, Marof Khalili, Hamze Hamze
A split-plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications in two years to study the effect of melatonin on the biochemical properties and the gene expression related to antioxidant enzyme activity in bread wheat. Irrigation levels (normal (FC = 80%)), mild stress (FC = 60%), and severe stress (FC = 40%)) were assigned to the main plots, and melatonin foliar applications (zero, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM) were assigned to Subplots. Results showed that, with the intensification of water stress, the 1000 kernel weight decreased, and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase enzyme and flavonoid content increased. Also, the level of 100 μM melatonin had the highest 1000 kernel weight, flavonoid content, and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity.  In this study, the highest number of grains per spike, biological yield, grain yield, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and the lowest amount of malondialdehyde recorded for foliar treatment with 50 μM of melatonin under normal irrigation conditions and the highest proline content, total phenol, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were allocated to the 100 μM melatonin foliar treatment under severe water stress conditions. The synergistic effect of water deficit stress and melatonin foliar application increased the activity and expression level of genes related to antioxidant enzymes. So, the content of superoxide dismutase (21.30% and 65.16% respectively) and catalase (50.60% and 54.44% respectively) enzyme activity increased significantly under 100- and 150-mM melatonin foliar application in water severe water stress compared to the corresponding control treatment. Furthermore, mentioned melatonin levels increased the gene expression levels of superoxide dismutase (16.67% and 38.19% respectively), ascorbate peroxides (73.76% and 47.57% respectively), polyphenol oxidase (39.32 and 51.15%) and catalase (39.95% and 50.0% respectively) under an extreme water shortage compared with corresponding control treatment. In general, the application of 100- and 150-mM melatonin induced resistance to water deficit stress in wheat by increasing the expression of antioxidant genes.
为了研究褪黑激素对面包小麦生化特性和抗氧化酶活性相关基因表达的影响,采用随机完全区组设计进行了两年四次重复的分小区试验。灌溉水平(正常(FC = 80%)、轻度胁迫(FC = 60%)和重度胁迫(FC = 40%))被分配到主小区,褪黑素叶面喷施量(0、50、100、150 和 200 μM)被分配到副小区。结果表明,随着水分胁迫的加剧,千粒重下降,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性和黄酮类化合物含量增加。此外,100 μM褪黑素水平的千粒重、类黄酮含量和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性最高。 在本研究中,在正常灌溉条件下,50 μM 褪黑激素叶面处理的每穗粒数、生物产量、籽粒产量、叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b、类胡萝卜素最高,丙二醛含量最低;在严重水分胁迫条件下,100 μM 褪黑激素叶面处理的脯氨酸含量、总酚、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶最高。缺水胁迫和叶面喷施褪黑激素的协同作用提高了抗氧化酶相关基因的活性和表达水平。因此,在严重缺水胁迫条件下叶面喷施 100 和 150 毫摩尔褪黑激素时,超氧化物歧化酶(分别为 21.30% 和 65.16%)和过氧化氢酶(分别为 50.60% 和 54.44%)的酶活性含量与相应的对照处理相比显著增加。此外,与相应的对照处理相比,在极度缺水条件下,褪黑激素水平提高了超氧化物歧化酶(分别为 16.67% 和 38.19%)、抗坏血酸过氧化物(分别为 73.76% 和 47.57%)、多酚氧化酶(分别为 39.32% 和 51.15%)和过氧化氢酶(分别为 39.95% 和 50.0%)的基因表达水平。总之,施用 100 和 150 毫摩尔褪黑激素可通过增加抗氧化基因的表达来诱导小麦抵抗缺水胁迫。
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引用次数: 0
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Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca
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