Accurate reconstruction of the target atom depth distribution is essential for reliable nuclear reaction measurements. We present a comprehensive method to extract the depth distribution of target atoms from measured resonance yield curves by coupling an iterative non-linear Geant4-based transport model with the Bayesian Analysis Toolkit (BAT). Unlike previous linearized deconvolutions developed for trace-element ion beam analysis (IBA), the present framework is tailored to high-concentration targets typical of nuclear astrophysics experiments, and complements the existing IBA approach. As an example, the 19F depth distribution of two implanted targets has been reconstructed with quantified uncertainties by analyzing the resonance yield curves of the 19F(, )16O reaction, which demonstrates the analysis power of this target diagnostics method.
{"title":"A depth distribution analyzing method developed for target diagnosis used in nuclear astrophysics studies","authors":"Liyong Zhang , Yinji Chen , Hao Zhang , Jianjun He","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate reconstruction of the target atom depth distribution is essential for reliable nuclear reaction measurements. We present a comprehensive method to extract the depth distribution of target atoms from measured resonance yield curves by coupling an iterative non-linear Geant4-based transport model with the Bayesian Analysis Toolkit (BAT). Unlike previous linearized deconvolutions developed for trace-element ion beam analysis (IBA), the present framework is tailored to high-concentration targets typical of nuclear astrophysics experiments, and complements the existing IBA approach. As an example, the <sup>19</sup>F depth distribution of two implanted targets has been reconstructed with quantified uncertainties by analyzing the resonance yield curves of the <sup>19</sup>F(<span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi><mi>γ</mi></mrow></math></span>)<sup>16</sup>O reaction, which demonstrates the analysis power of this target diagnostics method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"573 ","pages":"Article 166030"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166027
E. Morin , W. Dong , V. Manea , A. Claessens , S. Damoy , R. Ferrer , S. Franchoo , S. Geldhof , T. Hourat , Yu. Kudryavtsev , N. Lecesne , R. Leroy , D. Lunney , V. Marchand , E. Minaya Ramirez , S. Raeder , S. Roset , Ch. Vandamme , P. Van den Bergh , P. Van Duppen
We present an experimental setup dedicated to the study of in-gas ion processes and characterization of gas stopping cells for the Low Energy Branch of the Super Separator Spectrometer (S) at SPIRAL2-GANIL. The first application is the development of a new gas stopper with a neutralization mechanism designed for faster extraction of the radioactive ions. This development should enable in-gas-jet laser spectroscopy and other low-energy experiments with shorter lived radioactive isotopes. We discuss in detail the motivation and objectives of these developments and we present the results of simulations performed in the design phase, as well as the first experimental results. A simulated efficiency of the setup in ion-guiding mode as large as is obtained, compared to a preliminary experimental efficiency on the order of 25%.
{"title":"An experimental setup for the study of gas-cell processes for the S3-Low Energy Branch","authors":"E. Morin , W. Dong , V. Manea , A. Claessens , S. Damoy , R. Ferrer , S. Franchoo , S. Geldhof , T. Hourat , Yu. Kudryavtsev , N. Lecesne , R. Leroy , D. Lunney , V. Marchand , E. Minaya Ramirez , S. Raeder , S. Roset , Ch. Vandamme , P. Van den Bergh , P. Van Duppen","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present an experimental setup dedicated to the study of in-gas ion processes and characterization of gas stopping cells for the Low Energy Branch of the Super Separator Spectrometer (S<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) at SPIRAL2-GANIL. The first application is the development of a new gas stopper with a neutralization mechanism designed for faster extraction of the radioactive ions. This development should enable in-gas-jet laser spectroscopy and other low-energy experiments with shorter lived radioactive isotopes. We discuss in detail the motivation and objectives of these developments and we present the results of simulations performed in the design phase, as well as the first experimental results. A simulated efficiency of the setup in ion-guiding mode as large as <span><math><mrow><mo>≈</mo><mn>90</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> is obtained, compared to a preliminary experimental efficiency on the order of 25%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"573 ","pages":"Article 166027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concentration of essential elements K, Ca, Mn, Fe and Zn were measured in the five medicinal plants, Catharanthus roseus, Rauvolfia serpentina, Aloe barbadensis, Kalanchoe pinnata and Azadirachta indica using the Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. Pellets were irradiated with a 2.5 MeV proton beam. Spectrum analysis and data acquisition were executed utilizing MAESTRO and GUPIX/DAN-32 software. The purpose of this study is to measure the concentration of essential trace components in studied medicinal plants. The PIXE technique was chosen for its high sensitivity and accuracy, minimal sample preparation. K and Ca were the predominant where Fe, Mn, and Zn present in adequate concentrations in most plants. Almost all measured values were within safe limits compared to standard reference materials (SRM 1547), World Health Organization (WHO) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USPEA). Hence, the medicinal plants studied are safe and valuable sources of essential elements for phytotherapy.
{"title":"Evaluation of essential trace elements in selected medicinal plants by using proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE)","authors":"S.N. Tanha , A.A. Nishat , S.M. Fahad , F.A. Sabbir Ahamed , Shirin Akter , M.Z. Ahsan","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concentration of essential elements K, Ca, Mn, Fe and Zn were measured in the five medicinal plants, <em>Catharanthus roseus, Rauvolfia serpentina, Aloe barbadensis, Kalanchoe pinnata</em> and <em>Azadirachta indica</em> using the Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. Pellets were irradiated with a 2.5 MeV proton beam. Spectrum analysis and data acquisition were executed utilizing MAESTRO and GUPIX/DAN-32 software. The purpose of this study is to measure the concentration of essential trace components in studied<!--> <!-->medicinal plants. The PIXE technique was chosen for its high sensitivity and accuracy, minimal sample preparation. K and Ca were the predominant where Fe, Mn, and Zn present in adequate concentrations in most plants. Almost all measured values were within safe limits compared to standard reference materials (SRM 1547), World Health Organization (WHO) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USPEA). Hence, the medicinal plants studied are safe and valuable sources of essential elements for phytotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"573 ","pages":"Article 166037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166036
Jiho Song , Chang Seon Park , Wansup Kim, Changsik Sim, Kyungsu Park, DaeWon Moon, Soobang Kim, Jong Hun Kim, Won Ja Min
Time-of-Flight Medium Energy Ion Scattering (ToF-MEIS) provides the compositional depth profile of a sample using medium-energy light ions with energies of approximately 100 keV to 500 keV. When projectiles impinge on samples, some are scattered by target nuclei, while others induce elastic recoil; the resulting hydrogen recoils can be detected using a ToF analyzer.
When a ToF analyzer is used with a 100 keV beam, hydrogen nuclei recoiling from depths beyond 21 nm overlap on the ToF axis by the higher count rate of forward-scattered particles. Thus, quantitative hydrogen profiling in hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (H-DLC) is effectively limited to depths of 21 nm.
To overcome the depth limit, 2-Dimensional–Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis was proposed, which separates ions from neutral atoms so that the energy and velocity of each ion species can be measured. Thus, individual energy spectra for each light element can be obtained without overlap. Herein, the experiment was performed using a ToF-MEIS incorporating a deflector as a simple electrostatic analyzer, along with a delay line detector. Using scattering at 100 keV , , recoils were successfully separated from forward-scattered He ions, and hydrogen concentration in H-DLC was analyzed quantitatively up to a depth of 42 nm.
{"title":"Hydrogen depth profiling using 2D-ERDA with 100 keV 4He+ ion beams","authors":"Jiho Song , Chang Seon Park , Wansup Kim, Changsik Sim, Kyungsu Park, DaeWon Moon, Soobang Kim, Jong Hun Kim, Won Ja Min","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Time-of-Flight Medium Energy Ion Scattering (ToF-MEIS) provides the compositional depth profile of a sample using medium-energy light ions with energies of approximately 100<!--> <!-->keV to 500<!--> <!-->keV. When projectiles impinge on samples, some are scattered by target nuclei, while others induce elastic recoil; the resulting hydrogen recoils can be detected using a ToF analyzer.</div><div>When a ToF analyzer is used with a 100<!--> <!-->keV <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>He</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> beam, hydrogen nuclei recoiling from depths beyond 21<!--> <!-->nm overlap on the ToF axis by the higher count rate of forward-scattered <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mi>He</mi></mrow></math></span> particles. Thus, quantitative hydrogen profiling in hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (H-DLC) is effectively limited to depths of 21<!--> <!-->nm.</div><div>To overcome the depth limit, 2-Dimensional–Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis was proposed, which separates ions from neutral atoms so that the energy and velocity of each ion species can be measured. Thus, individual energy spectra for each light element can be obtained without overlap. Herein, the experiment was performed using a ToF-MEIS incorporating a deflector as a simple electrostatic analyzer, along with a delay line detector. Using scattering at 100<!--> <!-->keV <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>He</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>recoils were successfully separated from forward-scattered He ions, and hydrogen concentration in H-DLC was analyzed quantitatively up to a depth of 42<!--> <!-->nm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"573 ","pages":"Article 166036"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166034
N.P. Barradas , J. Cruz , A.P. de Jesus , V. Manteigas , M. Mayer , I. Vickridge , P. Dimitriou
Following the IAEA inter-comparison exercise on software for Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE) bulk analysis, which confirmed that all participating codes agree within numerical fluctuations, a second IAEA coordinated inter-comparison was performed on simulations of multi-layered samples, i.e., depth profiling. Seven exercises were defined to investigate how the codes perform in simulations of (i) a thin film plus substrate (substrate can be heavy or light element) and (ii) two films plus substrate (substrate can be heavy or light element). The exercises considered constant cross sections, a single sharp resonance or several sharp resonances; full beam straggling and Gaussian-type spread; and different film thickness (surface, deep, very deep). Four codes took part in the inter-comparison: ERYA-profiling, NDF, SIMNRA, and SPACES. The inter-comparisons confirmed that the codes generally agree with each other and are suitable for the purpose of analysing experimental data. Some numerical differences remain in specific cases, particularly when dealing with extremely narrow resonances in the reaction cross section.
{"title":"IAEA inter-comparison of PIGE analysis codes II – depth profiling","authors":"N.P. Barradas , J. Cruz , A.P. de Jesus , V. Manteigas , M. Mayer , I. Vickridge , P. Dimitriou","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following the IAEA inter-comparison exercise on software for Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE) bulk analysis, which confirmed that all participating codes agree within numerical fluctuations, a second IAEA coordinated inter-comparison was performed on simulations of multi-layered samples, i.e., depth profiling. Seven exercises were defined to investigate how the codes perform in simulations of (i) a thin film plus substrate (substrate can be heavy or light element) and (ii) two films plus substrate (substrate can be heavy or light element). The exercises considered constant cross sections, a single sharp resonance or several sharp resonances; full beam straggling and Gaussian-type spread; and different film thickness (surface, deep, very deep). Four codes took part in the inter-comparison: ERYA-profiling, NDF, SIMNRA, and SPACES. The inter-comparisons confirmed that the codes generally agree with each other and are suitable for the purpose of analysing experimental data. Some numerical differences remain in specific cases, particularly when dealing with extremely narrow resonances in the reaction cross section.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"573 ","pages":"Article 166034"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166016
Rizka Fitriana , Holnisar Holnisar , Marrisa Arlinkha Ega Putri , Muhammad Yasin Yunus , Arif Rachmanto , Guntur Eko Putro , Adhi Harmoko Saputro , Rahmawati Rahmawati
The investigation of light collection in plastic scintillators for gamma-ray detection is critical for enhancing their performance in high-energy physics, medical imaging, and radiation monitoring. This study systematically investigates the effects of optical grease and wrapping materials on light collection efficiency and the resulting light output. Two types of scintillators with contrasting transparency properties were tested: commercial scintillators with 68% transmittance and fabricated scintillators (PS1) with 2% transmittance. Results demonstrate that higher optical transparency significantly enhances light output. Silicone grease, as an optical coupling agent, moderately improved light collection efficiency, reducing losses by 21–36% compared to air coupling. Among wrapping materials, Teflon tape achieved the most efficient light collection, minimizing losses to as low as 10%, whereas aluminum foil tape resulted in losses of up to 53%. Additionally, the type of reflector wrapping impacted energy resolution.
{"title":"Light collection investigation of plastic scintillator for gamma-ray detection","authors":"Rizka Fitriana , Holnisar Holnisar , Marrisa Arlinkha Ega Putri , Muhammad Yasin Yunus , Arif Rachmanto , Guntur Eko Putro , Adhi Harmoko Saputro , Rahmawati Rahmawati","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The investigation of light collection in plastic scintillators for gamma-ray detection is critical for enhancing their performance in high-energy physics, medical imaging, and radiation monitoring. This study systematically investigates the effects of optical grease and wrapping materials on light collection efficiency and the resulting light output. Two types of scintillators with contrasting transparency properties were tested: commercial scintillators with 68% transmittance and fabricated scintillators (PS1) with 2% transmittance. Results demonstrate that higher optical transparency significantly enhances light output. Silicone grease, as an optical coupling agent, moderately improved light collection efficiency, reducing losses by 21–36% compared to air coupling. Among wrapping materials, Teflon tape achieved the most efficient light collection, minimizing losses to as low as 10%, whereas aluminum foil tape resulted in losses of up to 53%. Additionally, the type of reflector wrapping impacted energy resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"573 ","pages":"Article 166016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166031
Mengmeng Li , Yuzhong Qian , Zhengqing Zhu , Renli Zhu , Xin Tao , Yongjian Xu , Lizhen Liang
A low-current ion implantation device was developed for mutagenesis breeding and its performance was systematically characterized based on an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source, which significantly improved the stability of the extracted ion beam while reducing maintenance costs. By optimizing the vacuum system configuration and using a motor-driven rotating disk, the device significantly reduced the sample preparation time before ion implantation. Furthermore, maintenance convenience was conducted to establish the relationship between the extracted beam current of the hydrogen and nitrogen ion beams and the applied high voltage and RF power. Finally, the beam-flattnes parameter (the ratio of the confined average beam current to the maximum beam current) of the hydrogen and nitrogen beam spots on the target are quantified. The experimental results demonstrate that the extracted currents of both hydrogen and nitrogen ion beams initially decrease with increasing high voltage and then rise gradually, remaining below 1 mA, and the beam currents increase with RF power. The beam flatness on the target reaches its optimum at 20 kV for both beam lines. This research provides reliable technological support for large-scale application of ion implantation technology in the breeding industry.
{"title":"Development of an efficient ion-implanter for mutagenesis breeding","authors":"Mengmeng Li , Yuzhong Qian , Zhengqing Zhu , Renli Zhu , Xin Tao , Yongjian Xu , Lizhen Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A low-current ion implantation device was developed for mutagenesis breeding and its performance was systematically characterized based on an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source, which significantly improved the stability of the extracted ion beam while reducing maintenance costs. By optimizing the vacuum system configuration and using a motor-driven rotating disk, the device significantly reduced the sample preparation time before ion implantation. Furthermore, maintenance convenience was conducted to establish the relationship between the extracted beam current of the hydrogen and nitrogen ion beams and the applied high voltage and RF power. Finally, the beam-flattnes parameter (the ratio of the confined average beam current to the maximum beam current) of the hydrogen and nitrogen beam spots on the target are quantified. The experimental results demonstrate that the extracted currents of both hydrogen and nitrogen ion beams initially decrease with increasing high voltage and then rise gradually, remaining below 1 mA, and the beam currents increase with RF power. The beam flatness on the target reaches its optimum at 20 kV for both beam lines. This research provides reliable technological support for large-scale application of ion implantation technology in the breeding industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"573 ","pages":"Article 166031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In March 2025, the first positive ion mass spectrometer (PIMS) outside Europe was installed. This is in addition to the single-stage accelerator mass spectrometry system, which has been operating smoothly since 2013. The efficient performance of the original AMS (single stage AMS: YS-AMS) enables us to routinely conduct small-scale radiocarbon measurements, thereby expanding our range of studies in various areas of Earth and environmental sciences. This paper presents recent developments in YS-AMS-related studies, with a focus on small-scale radiocarbon dating of pollen samples and the initial performance of the PIMS installed at our institute.
{"title":"Recent improvements in 14C measurements at the Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (SSAMS and PIMS), the University of Tokyo","authors":"Yusuke Yokoyama , Yosuke Miyairi , Takahiro Aze , Yuka Ando , Satomi Izawa , Yoshiko Ueno , Shoko Hirabayashi , Yohei Matsui , Yuning Zeng , Ren Tsuneoka , Karin Nemoto , Kai Leggett , Zihan Huang , Kohei Sakamoto , Mark Sundquist , Richard Kitchen , Dan Bernhardt , Cory Nook","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In March 2025, the first positive ion mass spectrometer (PIMS) outside Europe was installed. This is in addition to the single-stage accelerator mass spectrometry system, which has been operating smoothly since 2013. The efficient performance of the original AMS (single stage AMS: YS-AMS) enables us to routinely conduct small-scale radiocarbon measurements, thereby expanding our range of studies in various areas of Earth and environmental sciences. This paper presents recent developments in YS-AMS-related studies, with a focus on small-scale radiocarbon dating of pollen samples and the initial performance of the PIMS installed at our institute.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 165994"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166013
Hongtao Shen , Fen Luo , Junsen Tang , Xu Wang , Jiawen Wang , Xinya Huang , Lingrong Du , Wenqiao Liu , Weixin Chen , Dingxiong Chen , Jiajie Hu , Qinzhang Zhao , Ming He , Kimikazu Sasa , Shan Jiang
As a specialized carrier of radioactive substances, thermal column graphite continuously records and reflects radiation characteristics during reactor operation. Tritium (3H) is one of the primary radionuclides released by nuclear facilities. Determining its content in thermal column graphite provides critical insights for the design and development of new reactor components and materials, as well as for ageing assessment and service life prediction of nuclear facility equipment. In this study, samples from the inner, middle, and outer layers of the thermal column graphite of China’s decommissioned 101 Heavy Water Reactor were analyzed. A separation and purification method for 3H was established, and the accumulated Tritium was quantitatively analyzed using the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry system at Guangxi Normal University (GXNU-AMS). The results demonstrate the successful separation of 3H from thermal column graphite at the 10 μg level, with significant variations in 3H radioactivity observed across different positions: the inner layer exhibited the highest activity at 81 Bq/g, while the outer layer showed the lowest activity at only 0.37 Bq/g.
{"title":"AMS measurements of tritium in thermal column graphite from a decommissioned nuclear reactor","authors":"Hongtao Shen , Fen Luo , Junsen Tang , Xu Wang , Jiawen Wang , Xinya Huang , Lingrong Du , Wenqiao Liu , Weixin Chen , Dingxiong Chen , Jiajie Hu , Qinzhang Zhao , Ming He , Kimikazu Sasa , Shan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a specialized carrier of radioactive substances, thermal column graphite continuously records and reflects radiation characteristics during reactor operation. Tritium (<sup>3</sup>H) is one of the primary radionuclides released by nuclear facilities. Determining its content in thermal column graphite provides critical insights for the design and development of new reactor components and materials, as well as for ageing assessment and service life prediction of nuclear facility equipment. In this study, samples from the inner, middle, and outer layers of the thermal column graphite of China’s decommissioned 101 Heavy Water Reactor were analyzed. A separation and purification method for <sup>3</sup>H was established, and the accumulated Tritium was quantitatively analyzed using the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry system at Guangxi Normal University (GXNU-AMS). The results demonstrate the successful separation of <sup>3</sup>H from thermal column graphite at the 10 μg level, with significant variations in <sup>3</sup>H radioactivity observed across different positions: the inner layer exhibited the highest activity at 81 Bq/g, while the outer layer showed the lowest activity at only 0.37 Bq/g.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"573 ","pages":"Article 166013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166014
Tarik Siddik , Zena Khaleel
Precise estimation of deuteron-induced reaction cross-sections is vital for improving the performance of fusion reactor materials. In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) is developed to model the excitation functions of three important reactions: 50Cr(d,α)48V, 51V(d,2n)51Cr, and 58Ni(d,α)56Co. Moreover, the model’s predictions were validated using experimental data from the EXFOR database and compared with theoretical calculations from TALYS-1.9, EMPIRE-3.2 (Malta), and evaluated TENDL data. As a result, the ANN achieved strong performance, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.98 and very low error values (MSE ≤ 0.0014, RMSE ≤ 0.078 and NRMSE ≤ 0.881), surpassing conventional nuclear reaction codes. Consequently, these findings confirm the ANN’s effectiveness as a data-driven tool that enhances the precision of nuclear cross-section evaluations. Finally, the study highlights the potential of ANN-based methods to improve the reliability of nuclear data and contribute significantly to fusion energy research and advanced nuclear modeling.
{"title":"Artificial neural network modeling of deuteron-induced reactions on structural fusion materials","authors":"Tarik Siddik , Zena Khaleel","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precise estimation of deuteron-induced reaction cross-sections is vital for improving the performance of fusion reactor materials. In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) is developed to model the excitation functions of three important reactions: <sup>50</sup>Cr(d,α)<sup>48</sup>V, <sup>51</sup>V(d,2n)<sup>51</sup>Cr, and <sup>58</sup>Ni(d,α)<sup>56</sup>Co. Moreover, the model’s predictions were validated using experimental data from the EXFOR database and compared with theoretical calculations from TALYS-1.9, EMPIRE-3.2 (Malta), and evaluated TENDL data. As a result, the ANN achieved strong performance, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.98 and very low error values (MSE ≤ 0.0014, RMSE ≤ 0.078 and NRMSE ≤ 0.881), surpassing conventional nuclear reaction codes. Consequently, these findings confirm the ANN’s effectiveness as a data-driven tool that enhances the precision of nuclear cross-section evaluations. Finally, the study highlights the potential of ANN-based methods to improve the reliability of nuclear data and contribute significantly to fusion energy research and advanced nuclear modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 166014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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