Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165565
Ning Liu , Limin Zhang , Bintao Xue , Ahsan Ejaz , Dingping Wang , Tongmin Zhang
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising for space applications. In this work, P3HT-based PSCs were irradiated at room temperature with 100 MeV protons to various fluences. The efficiencies of the PSCs were significantly increased by 30–35 % after irradiation with low fluences up to 1 × 1011p/cm2. Meanwhile, the illumination yields and charge carrier lifetime of the perovskite films were found to be improved after irradiation, which is attributed to the irradiation-induced healing of lattice defects in perovskites. When irradiated to a higher fluence of 1 × 1012p/cm2, the transmittance of the glass substrates was distinctly reduced due to the formation of color-center defects, which resulted in the performance degradation of the cells. Considering that P3HT-based PSCs have better thermal stability in outer space than the widely used spiro-OMeTAD-based PSCs, the reported results may have important implications for space applications of PSCs.
{"title":"Effects of 100 MeV proton irradiation on the performance of P3HT-based perovskite solar cells","authors":"Ning Liu , Limin Zhang , Bintao Xue , Ahsan Ejaz , Dingping Wang , Tongmin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising for space applications. In this work, P3HT-based PSCs were irradiated at room temperature with 100 MeV protons to various fluences. The efficiencies of the PSCs were significantly increased by 30–35 % after irradiation with low fluences up to 1 × 10<sup>11</sup>p/cm<sup>2</sup>. Meanwhile, the illumination yields and charge carrier lifetime of the perovskite films were found to be improved after irradiation, which is attributed to the irradiation-induced healing of lattice defects in perovskites. When irradiated to a higher fluence of 1 × 10<sup>12</sup>p/cm<sup>2</sup>, the transmittance of the glass substrates was distinctly reduced due to the formation of color-center defects, which resulted in the performance degradation of the cells. Considering that P3HT-based PSCs have better thermal stability in outer space than the widely used spiro-OMeTAD-based PSCs, the reported results may have important implications for space applications of PSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 165565"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165560
Vo Thi Thu Nhu , Van-Thuc Nguyen
This study prepared Pt modification on TiO2 nanoparticles by radiolysis method using gamma-ray from the Co-60 source. Characteristic properties and morphology of Pt-modified TiO2 NPs (Pt/TiO2) were determined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and band gap energy. The results indicated the existence of Pto on the surface TiO2, and the band gap of Pt/TiO2 catalysts was lower than pure TiO2. Photocatalytic degradation methyl orange (MO) 20 ppm of Pt/TiO2 nanoparticles was investigated under visible light. The TiO2-doped 1 %wt Pt sample has the highest MO degradation efficiency; the MO degradation efficiency of the Pt1.0/TiO2 sample was nearly twice that of using pure TiO2 under visible irradiation for two hours. Besides, the factors of the amount of material used, solution pH and dye concentration, and reusability of Pt/TiO2 nanoparticles were also investigated.
{"title":"Pt/TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized via gamma irradiation to improve photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in visible light","authors":"Vo Thi Thu Nhu , Van-Thuc Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study prepared Pt modification on TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles by radiolysis method using gamma-ray from the Co-60 source. Characteristic properties and morphology of Pt-modified TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs (Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub>) were determined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)<em>,</em> energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX),<!--> <!-->high-resolution transmission electron microscopy<!--> <!-->(HRTEM) and band gap energy. The results indicated the existence of Pt<sup>o</sup> on the surface TiO<sub>2</sub>, and the band gap of Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts was lower than pure TiO<sub>2</sub>. Photocatalytic degradation methyl orange (MO) 20 ppm of Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles was investigated under visible light. The TiO<sub>2</sub>-doped 1 %wt Pt sample has the highest MO degradation efficiency; the MO degradation efficiency of the Pt<sub>1.0</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> sample was nearly twice that of using pure TiO<sub>2</sub> under visible irradiation for two hours. Besides, the factors of the amount of material used, solution pH and dye concentration, and reusability of Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were also investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 165560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165561
Hang You , Xuelian Ou , Junjie Ai , Tengfei Ma , Xiaofeng Tian
The presence of grain boundaries (GBs) as an efficient defect sink can significantly impact the material’s radiation endurance. This study applied molecular dynamics (MD) methods to investigate the GB in U-Mo alloys interacted with defects caused by irradiation and the mechanical properties of the U-Mo alloys before and after irradiation. The results of this study indicate that the number of surviving defects is sensitive to both temperature and the distance between the primary knock-on atom (PKA) and the GBs. The numbers of residual interstitials and vacancies decrease with increasing temperature in GB models. Furthermore, vacancy cluster sizes decrease with increasing temperature, large-sized interstitial clusters cannot be formed at all three temperatures studied. The analysis of the efficiency of different GBs as sinks reveals that their ability to absorb defects is positively correlated with strain width. Compared with the SC models, the GB models have better resistance to irradiation.
{"title":"The effect of grain boundary on irradiation tolerance of U-Mo alloy: Defect evolution and mechanical properties","authors":"Hang You , Xuelian Ou , Junjie Ai , Tengfei Ma , Xiaofeng Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of grain boundaries (GBs) as an efficient defect sink can significantly impact the material’s radiation endurance. This study applied molecular dynamics (MD) methods to investigate the GB in U-Mo alloys interacted with defects caused by irradiation and the mechanical properties of the U-Mo alloys before and after irradiation. The results of this study indicate that the number of surviving defects is sensitive to both temperature and the distance between the primary knock-on atom (PKA) and the GBs. The numbers of residual interstitials and vacancies decrease with increasing temperature in GB models. Furthermore, vacancy cluster sizes decrease with increasing temperature, large-sized interstitial clusters cannot be formed at all three temperatures studied. The analysis of the efficiency of different GBs as sinks reveals that their ability to absorb defects is positively correlated with strain width. Compared with the SC models, the GB models have better resistance to irradiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 165561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165559
M. Danilkin , A. Vitukhnovsky , D. Kolymagin , E. Perevedentseva , A. Gritsienko , Yu. Tokunov , I. Zakharchuk , A. Patolyatov , A. Primenko , G. Prutskov
The radiation stability of polymer objects fabricated by direct laser writing is studied. Two groups of 6 cubes (m) were printed on a common silicon substrate, with laser power and slicing step uniformly varied from cube to cube in both groups. One group was X-rayed in the synchrotron radiation beam (12 keV, photons/mm/s, photons per each cube), another kept non-irradiated for the reference. The air kerma (2000 kGy) near cubes and the radiation dose absorbed in each cube (1.4 kGy) were calculated. The latter was verified using thermoluminescent detectors. The radiation effects were observed with a scanning electron microscope and with an optical 3D surface profilometer, also evaluated by Raman spectroscopy. An enhanced cross-linking in the polymer is the primary effect which may draw together the neighboring printed layers thus distorting the laser-printed object; distortions can be avoided by making objects with proper laser power and slicing step.
{"title":"Do the laser-printed 3D-structures withstand the X-ray synchrotron radiation beam?","authors":"M. Danilkin , A. Vitukhnovsky , D. Kolymagin , E. Perevedentseva , A. Gritsienko , Yu. Tokunov , I. Zakharchuk , A. Patolyatov , A. Primenko , G. Prutskov","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The radiation stability of polymer objects fabricated by direct laser writing is studied. Two groups of 6 cubes (<span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>50</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>50</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span>m<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) were printed on a common silicon substrate, with laser power and slicing step uniformly varied from cube to cube in both groups. One group was X-rayed in the synchrotron radiation beam (12 keV, <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> photons/mm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>/s, <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>13</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> photons per each cube), another kept non-irradiated for the reference. The air kerma (<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>2000 kGy) near cubes and the radiation dose absorbed in each cube (<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>1.4 kGy) were calculated. The latter was verified using thermoluminescent detectors. The radiation effects were observed with a scanning electron microscope and with an optical 3D surface profilometer, also evaluated by Raman spectroscopy. An enhanced cross-linking in the polymer is the primary effect which may draw together the neighboring printed layers thus distorting the laser-printed object; distortions can be avoided by making objects with proper laser power and slicing step.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 165559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165563
S.A. Mahdipour , M. Shafeei Sarvestani
Laser-accelerated proton beams (LAP) have inspired innovative applications that can leverage proton bunch properties distinct from those of conventionally accelerated proton beams. A new multifunctional LAP beamline has been proposed, utilizing the GEANT4 toolkit, and the solenoids have been simulated using high-precision components.
We present the design of the initial segment of the transport beamline and energy selection system for the effective transport of a radiation pressure acceleration source with a high energy spread. This study examines the effects of solenoids on proton beam quality, specifically focusing on profiles, FWHM, and transmission efficiency. The results obtained using our developed GEANT4 toolkit validate the analytical formulas and findings from the DYNAMION code regarding emittance and proton profiles. Additionally, the presented GEANT4 LAP beamline is capable of calculating the flux of secondary particles, such as neutrons and photons. It was observed that careful attention to the precise structure of the solenoids is critical.
激光加速质子束（LAP）激发了创新应用，这些应用可以利用质子束与传统加速质子束不同的特性。我们利用 GEANT4 工具包提出了一条新的多功能 LAP 光束线，并使用高精度组件对螺线管进行了模拟。我们介绍了传输光束线初始段和能量选择系统的设计，以便有效传输具有高能量传播的辐射压力加速源。这项研究考察了螺线管对质子束质量的影响，特别是对轮廓、全宽和传输效率的影响。使用我们开发的 GEANT4 工具包获得的结果验证了 DYNAMION 代码中有关发射率和质子剖面的分析公式和结论。此外，所介绍的 GEANT4 LAP 光束线还能够计算中子和光子等二次粒子的通量。据观察，仔细关注螺线管的精确结构至关重要。
{"title":"GEANT4 simulation for controlling and focusing of laser-accelerated proton beam for particle therapy using pulsed power solenoids","authors":"S.A. Mahdipour , M. Shafeei Sarvestani","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser-accelerated proton beams (LAP) have inspired innovative applications that can leverage proton bunch properties distinct from those of conventionally accelerated proton beams. A new multifunctional LAP beamline has been proposed, utilizing the GEANT4 toolkit, and the solenoids have been simulated using high-precision components.</div><div>We present the design of the initial segment of the transport beamline and energy selection system for the effective transport of a radiation pressure acceleration source with a high energy spread. This study examines the effects of solenoids on proton beam quality, specifically focusing on profiles, FWHM, and transmission efficiency. The results obtained using our developed GEANT4 toolkit validate the analytical formulas and findings from the DYNAMION code regarding emittance and proton profiles. Additionally, the presented GEANT4 LAP beamline is capable of calculating the flux of secondary particles, such as neutrons and photons. It was observed that careful attention to the precise structure of the solenoids is critical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 165563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165567
Jean-Marc Costantini , Maxime Guillaumet , Gérald Lelong , Norito Ishikawa , Pooreun Seo , Kazuhiro Yasuda
Radiation damage is studied in ion-irradiated sintered CeO2 and (Ce, Gd)O2-x samples. Near Infra-red (NIR) spectra were recorded at room temperature for wavenumbers between 2800 and 11,000 cm−1 (i.e. ∼0.9–3.57 µm in wavelength and ∼0.35–1.36 eV in photon energy). Measurements were carried out by using the diffuse reflectivity mode for all of these sintered samples. Samples were irradiated with 100-MeV Kr, 200-MeV Xe, and 36-MeV W ions up to 1 × 1014 cm−2. A sintered (Ce, Gd)O2-x sample for 5 mol% Gd2O3 was also irradiated with 12-MeV Ar ions at 2 × 1014 cm−2. Four broad absorption bands centered at 3700, 4100, 6000, and 7600 cm−1 (i.e. ∼0.46, 0.51, 0.74, and 0.94 eV) are deduced from fits of the FTIR spectra for the ion-irradiated sintered CeO2 and (Ce, Gd)O2-x samples accompanied by a change in color from ivory to green. No such bands are recorded for the virgin (Ce, Gd)O2-x samples with 5, 10, and 15 mol% Gd2O3 with an increasing amount of oxygen vacancies. Absorption bands are tentatively assigned to electronic transitions involving cerium vacancy levels in the band gap, also observed under high-energy electron irradiation. The possible effects of either electronic excitations or nuclear collisions in this damage process are discussed.
{"title":"Near-infrared study of radiation damage in ion-irradiated cerium dioxide and cerium-gadolinium dioxide","authors":"Jean-Marc Costantini , Maxime Guillaumet , Gérald Lelong , Norito Ishikawa , Pooreun Seo , Kazuhiro Yasuda","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiation damage is studied in ion-irradiated sintered CeO<sub>2</sub> and (Ce, Gd)O<sub>2-x</sub> samples. Near Infra-red (NIR) spectra were recorded at room temperature for wavenumbers between 2800 and 11,000 cm<sup>−1</sup> (i.e. ∼0.9–3.57 µm in wavelength and ∼0.35–1.36 eV in photon energy). Measurements were carried out by using the diffuse reflectivity mode for all of these sintered samples. Samples were irradiated with 100-MeV Kr, 200-MeV Xe, and 36-MeV W ions up to 1 × 10<sup>14</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>. A sintered (Ce, Gd)O<sub>2-x</sub> sample for 5 mol% Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was also irradiated with 12-MeV Ar ions at 2 × 10<sup>14</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>. Four broad absorption bands centered at 3700, 4100, 6000, and 7600 cm<sup>−1</sup> (i.e. ∼0.46, 0.51, 0.74, and 0.94 eV) are deduced from fits of the FTIR spectra for the ion-irradiated sintered CeO<sub>2</sub> and (Ce, Gd)O<sub>2-x</sub> samples accompanied by a change in color from ivory to green. No such bands are recorded for the virgin (Ce, Gd)O<sub>2-x</sub> samples with 5, 10, and 15 mol% Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with an increasing amount of oxygen vacancies. Absorption bands are tentatively assigned to electronic transitions involving cerium vacancy levels in the band gap, also observed under high-energy electron irradiation. The possible effects of either electronic excitations or nuclear collisions in this damage process are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 165567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165550
S.L. Henderson, K. Smith, D. Walter, B. Carlsten, N. Dallmann
A new instrument for electron beam characterization has been developed, based on measuring the range of beam electrons in different thicknesses of aluminum, to determine both the current and energy of an electron beam traveling in open air. This instrument is referred to as a ‘plate spectrometer’ as the thickness of the spectrometer is adjusted by adding or removing alu- minum plates. This spectrometer was assembled and then characterized at the Idaho Accelerator Center (IAC) with three different beam energies and with one beam energy at the University of Maryland Radiation Facilities. The plate spectrometer was able to match the median energies and provide a reasonable constraint to the beam distributions seen in the IAC magnetic spectrometer. In a separate experiment, the plate spectrometer was also seen to agree with a dosimetry characterization of the beam at the University of Maryland Radiation Facilities and improved upon the uncertainties of this measurement.
{"title":"Development of a versatile plate spectrometer for electron beam characterization","authors":"S.L. Henderson, K. Smith, D. Walter, B. Carlsten, N. Dallmann","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new instrument for electron beam characterization has been developed, based on measuring the range of beam electrons in different thicknesses of aluminum, to determine both the current and energy of an electron beam traveling in open air. This instrument is referred to as a ‘plate spectrometer’ as the thickness of the spectrometer is adjusted by adding or removing alu- minum plates. This spectrometer was assembled and then characterized at the Idaho Accelerator Center (IAC) with three different beam energies and with one beam energy at the University of Maryland Radiation Facilities. The plate spectrometer was able to match the median energies and provide a reasonable constraint to the beam distributions seen in the IAC magnetic spectrometer. In a separate experiment, the plate spectrometer was also seen to agree with a dosimetry characterization of the beam at the University of Maryland Radiation Facilities and improved upon the uncertainties of this measurement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 165550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165564
C. López Pérez , K.B. Woller
The use of lithium in plasma facing components (PFCs) for fusion reactors is increasingly more prominent due to its ability to enhance plasma performance and potential to protect the underlying high-Z PFCs. In order to use nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) to investigate lithium depth profiles in fusion relevant experiments such as hydrogen retention in lithiated PFCs, there is a need for experimental measurements of the cross section of the reactions of interest over a wide range of energies and in a scattering angle in which the differential cross sections of other relevant species, such as deuterium and oxygen, have been measured. In this paper we report the differential cross sections of the 7Li(3He, p0)9Be, 7Li(3He, p2)9Be, and 7Li(3He, d0)8Be reactions from 2 to 3.919 MeV at a measurement angle of 135°. The measurements were performed on a lithium fluoride film target with the 7Li areal density determined using the 7Li(p, α)4He reaction at 2 MeV and 150°.
{"title":"Differential cross section measurements of the 7Li(3He, p0)9Be, 7Li(3He, p2)9Be, and 7Li(3He, d0)8Be reactions from 2 to 4 MeV","authors":"C. López Pérez , K.B. Woller","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of lithium in plasma facing components (PFCs) for fusion reactors is increasingly more prominent due to its ability to enhance plasma performance and potential to protect the underlying high-Z PFCs. In order to use nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) to investigate lithium depth profiles in fusion relevant experiments such as hydrogen retention in lithiated PFCs, there is a need for experimental measurements of the cross section of the reactions of interest over a wide range of energies and in a scattering angle in which the differential cross sections of other relevant species, such as deuterium and oxygen, have been measured. In this paper we report the differential cross sections of the <sup>7</sup>Li(<sup>3</sup>He<em>,</em> p<sub>0</sub>)<sup>9</sup>Be, <sup>7</sup>Li(<sup>3</sup>He<em>,</em> p<sub>2</sub>)<sup>9</sup>Be, and <sup>7</sup>Li(<sup>3</sup>He<em>,</em> d<sub>0</sub>)<sup>8</sup>Be reactions from 2 to 3.919 MeV at a measurement angle of 135°. The measurements were performed on a lithium fluoride film target with the <sup>7</sup>Li areal density determined using the <sup>7</sup>Li(p<em>, α</em>)<sup>4</sup>He reaction at 2 MeV and 150°.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 165564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165554
R.N. Sagaidak
Available experimental data on Mylar stopping powers (s) for heavy ions (HIs) at energies MeV/nucleon have been compared to different semi-empirical model calculations with the aim of probing their possible usage for the estimates of ranges for very heavy ions at MeV/nucleon, which are of practical interest. Significant deviations from the calculated values were found for fission fragments and lighter HIs at MeV/nucleon. A new model parameterization for Mylar has been proposed. Range estimates obtained with any model calculation show a critical dependence of their mean values on the approximated electronic stopping powers and the nuclear (collisional) component. The last plays a crucial role at the end of the range and could only be obtained by calculations. Practical applicability of the results of investigation for very heavy evaporation residues (products of complete fusion reactions induced by HIs) implies the use of a thick catcher foil corresponding to the largest ranges derived in the estimates or the range measurements for these products.
将能量为 0.04⩽E/A⩽15 MeV/nucleon（0.04⩽E/A⩽15 MeV/nucleon）的重离子（HIs）的米拉尔停止力（SPs）的现有实验数据与不同的半经验模型计算结果进行了比较，目的是探究它们在估算具有实际意义的 E/A<0.5 MeV/nucleon（0.5 MeV/nucleon）极重离子的范围时的可能用途。发现裂变碎片和 E/A<1 MeV/nucleon的较轻 HI 与计算的 SP 值有明显偏差。提出了一种新的聚甲醛 SP 模型参数化方法。通过任何 SP 模型计算获得的范围估计值都显示出其平均值对近似电子停止力和核（碰撞）SP 分量的重要依赖性。后者在量程末端起着关键作用，只能通过计算获得。对于非常重的蒸发残留物（由 HIs 引起的完全聚变反应的产物），研究结果的实际适用性意味着要使用厚的捕集箔，与这些产物的估计或量程测量中得出的最大量程相对应。
{"title":"Stopping of very heavy ions in Mylar","authors":"R.N. Sagaidak","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Available experimental data on Mylar stopping powers (<span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math></span>s) for heavy ions (HIs) at energies <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>04</mn><mo>⩽</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>⩽</mo><mn>15</mn></mrow></math></span> MeV/nucleon have been compared to different semi-empirical model calculations with the aim of probing their possible usage for the estimates of ranges for very heavy ions at <span><math><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>A</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></math></span> MeV/nucleon, which are of practical interest. Significant deviations from the calculated <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math></span> values were found for fission fragments and lighter HIs at <span><math><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>A</mi><mo><</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> MeV/nucleon. A new model parameterization for Mylar <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math></span> has been proposed. Range estimates obtained with any <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math></span> model calculation show a critical dependence of their mean values on the approximated electronic stopping powers and the nuclear (collisional) <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math></span> component. The last plays a crucial role at the end of the range and could only be obtained by calculations. Practical applicability of the results of investigation for very heavy evaporation residues (products of complete fusion reactions induced by HIs) implies the use of a thick catcher foil corresponding to the largest ranges derived in the estimates or the range measurements for these products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 165554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We studied the emission of secondary ions using a cluster ion with MeV energy in transmission secondary ion mass spectrometry. The primary ions used were 0.6 MeV/atom Cn+, where n ranges from 1 to 6. Single-layer graphene was used as a support membrane for depositing a biomolecular target of phenylalanine. Positive secondary ions emitted in both forward and backward directions were measured separately. We found that the yield of forward-emitted secondary ions was higher than that of backward-emitted secondary ions. Our results showed that the yield of secondary ions emitted in both directions increased as the size of incident cluster ions increased. This increase was non-linear and can be attributed to the track overlap effect of incident cluster ions. We also found a scaling parameter consistently describing the incident cluster size dependence of the forward and backward-emitted secondary ion yields.
{"title":"Forward and backward emission of secondary ions from biomolecules on single-layer graphene by MeV Cn+ (n = 1–6) impacts","authors":"Naruki Uno , Takuya Majima , Manabu Saito , Kaoru Nakajima , Hidetsugu Tsuchida","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We studied the emission of secondary ions using a cluster ion with MeV energy in transmission secondary ion mass spectrometry. The primary ions used were 0.6 MeV/atom C<em><sub>n</sub></em><sup>+</sup>, where <em>n</em> ranges from 1 to 6. Single-layer graphene was used as a support membrane for depositing a biomolecular target of phenylalanine. Positive secondary ions emitted in both forward and backward directions were measured separately. We found that the yield of forward-emitted secondary ions was higher than that of backward-emitted secondary ions. Our results showed that the yield of secondary ions emitted in both directions increased as the size of incident cluster ions increased. This increase was non-linear and can be attributed to the track overlap effect of incident cluster ions. We also found a scaling parameter consistently describing the incident cluster size dependence of the forward and backward-emitted secondary ion yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 165548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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