Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms最新文献

{"title":"A study of afterglow signatures in NaI and CsI scintillator modules for the background and transient observer instrument on COSI","authors":"Hannah Gulick ,&nbsp;Hiroki Yoneda ,&nbsp;Tadayuki Takahashi ,&nbsp;Claire Chen ,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Nakazawa ,&nbsp;Shunsaku Nagasawa ,&nbsp;Mii Ando ,&nbsp;Keigo Okuma ,&nbsp;Alyson Joens ,&nbsp;Samer Al Nussirat ,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Shimizu ,&nbsp;Kaito Fujisawa ,&nbsp;Takayoshi Kohmura ,&nbsp;Kouichi Hagino ,&nbsp;Hisashi Kitamura ,&nbsp;Andreas Zoglauer ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Martinez Oliveros ,&nbsp;John A. Tomsick","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present measurements of the afterglow signatures in NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl) detector modules as part of the Background and Transient Observer (BTO) mission detector trade-study. BTO is a NASA Student Collaboration Project flying on the Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI) Small Explorer mission in 2027. The detectors utilized in this study are cylindrical in shape with a height and diameter of 5.1 cm and were read out by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). We conducted a radiation campaign at the HIMAC accelerator in Japan where the scintillators were irradiated with a 230 MeV/u helium beam (He beam) and 350 MeV/u carbon beam (C beam). We find that both the CsI and NaI scintillators exhibit afterglow signatures when irradiated with the C and He beams. The CsI crystal exhibits a stronger afterglow intensity with afterglow pulses occurring for an average 2.40 ms for C and 0.9 ms for He after the initial particle pulse. The duration of afterglow pulses in CsI is 8.6<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> and 5.6<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> the afterglow signal duration in NaI for C and He (0.28 ms and 0.16 ms, respectively). Although CsI has advantages such as a higher light yield and radiation hardness, the stronger afterglows in the CsI detector increase the complexity of the electronics and lead to a <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> larger dead time per afterglow event or a <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> higher energy threshold value. We use the measured dead times to predict the amount of observing time lost to afterglow-inducing events for an instrument like BTO in low Earth orbit. We simulate the background rates in a BTO-like orbit and find a total value of 114 counts/s for the full two-detector system. Based on the particle energies in the HIMAC experiment, we then determine that an event with sufficient energy to produce an afterglow signal occurs once every <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>70 s and <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>1.4 s in NaI and CsI detectors, respectively. Thus, we conclude that NaI is the better choice for the BTO mission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"561 ","pages":"Article 165631"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ab initio modeling of vacancies and interstitials elements at Σ3(11-1) symmetric tilt grain boundaries in α-Fe","authors":"R.M. Meftakhutdinov","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article presents data obtained by the ab initio method of calculating point defects (vacancies, native and foreign interstitial atoms (C, N, Cr)) near the symmetric <span><math><mi>Σ</mi></math></span>3(11-1) boundary in α-Fe. It has been elicited that the formation energies of interstitial Cr and Fe are less, and C and N are greater than in bulk Fe. The introduction of Fe, Cr and N at the boundary leads to a weakening of the bond between grains, and C, on the contrary, to strengthening. The interaction of interstitial atoms with vacancies is characterized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"561 ","pages":"Article 165627"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation hardness study of liquid scintillator under 80 MeV proton beam irradiations","authors":"Wenbao Qu ,&nbsp;Haisheng Song ,&nbsp;Boxiang Yu ,&nbsp;Zhixin Tan ,&nbsp;Yuhang Guo ,&nbsp;You Lv ,&nbsp;Hantao Jing ,&nbsp;Ruirui Fan ,&nbsp;Shuaishuai Ren ,&nbsp;Tao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For monitoring the 1.6 GeV high-energy proton beam, used in the CSNS Phase II upgrade project, a liquid scintillator (LS) detector has become a viable option due to its excellent radiation hardness and the possibility of exchanging the LS remotely. This work investigates the effects of radiation damage on LS samples based on linear alkylbenzene (LAB) induced by 80 MeV protons. The study includes absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, and light output measurement of the LS before and after proton irradiation, with a focus on determining the radiation resistance threshold of the LS. The results show that the performance of the LS is not affected at absorbed doses up to 2.44 <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> Gy. This demonstrates its ability to absorb 8.82 <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>12</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> p/cm² 1.6 GeV protons and remain stable. This suggests that a detector based on LS could potentially be used for monitoring the high-energy proton beam of 1.6 GeV in the CSNS Phase II Upgrade Project.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"561 ","pages":"Article 165628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of argon ion irradiation on the electrical transport and electronic characteristics of Bi2Se3 single crystals","authors":"V.V. Marchenkov ,&nbsp;B.M. Fominykh ,&nbsp;A.N. Perevalova ,&nbsp;A.E. Stepanov ,&nbsp;S.V. Naumov ,&nbsp;E.B. Marchenkova ,&nbsp;A.M. Bartashevich ,&nbsp;K.V. Shalomov ,&nbsp;N.V. Gushchina ,&nbsp;V.V. Ovchinnikov","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrical resistivity, Hall effect and magnetoconductivity of a Bi₂Se₃ topological insulator were studied before and after argon ion irradiation with fluences of 1.25∙10¹⁵ cm⁻² and 1.25∙10¹⁷ cm⁻² and energies of 10–15 keV at temperatures from 5 to 300 K in magnetic fields up to 9 T. Irradiation was found to lead to an increase in the electrical resistivity and a decrease in the current carrier concentration. In addition, it was found that the values of current carrier mobility, mean free path and magnetoconductivity do not change monotonically with the irradiation dose. It was suggested that the observed effects can be caused by both a change in the topology of the Fermi surface and the appearance of additional scattering centers as a result of irradiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"561 ","pages":"Article 165633"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new map-polynomial fitting extrapolation method of data in the low scattering vector region for dilute polydisperse spherical systems in SAXS","authors":"Rongchao Chen ,&nbsp;Zhihong Li ,&nbsp;Jianhua He","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dilute polydisperse system is a common research object in small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). In SAXS studies, the extrapolation of the scattering data in the low scattering vector region is necessary for many quantitative structural analyses. The classical Guinier extrapolation method is based on the Guinier approximation, which is only applicable to the scattering data with a distinct linear segment on the Guinier plot. In this contribution, a new map-polynomial fitting extrapolation method is proposed. It takes the bilateral data constructed by mapping the measured data as the fitting object, and provides reliable extrapolation results within an explicit fitting range and a specific polynomial order. The new method is superior to the Guinier method in terms of extrapolation effect and applicability range. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by experimental sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"559 ","pages":"Article 165606"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametrization of dose profiles of therapeutic minibeams of protons, 4He, 12C, and 16O","authors":"Savva Savenkov,&nbsp;Alexandr Svetlichnyi,&nbsp;Igor Pshenichnov","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single minibeams of protons, ⁴He, ¹²C and ¹⁶O in water were modeled with Geant4, and their dose distributions were parameterized with double-Gauss–Rutherford (DGR) functions. Dose distributions from arrays of 16 parallel minibeams centered on a rectangular or hexagonal grid were constructed from the parameterized minibeam profiles to simulate the lateral convergence of the minibeams resulting in a homogeneous dose field in the target tumor volume. Peak-to-valley dose ratios (PVDR) and dose-volume histograms (DVH) were calculated for the parameterized dose distributions and compared with those obtained directly from Geant4 modeling of minibeam arrays. The similarity of the results obtained by these two methods suggests that the fast calculation of dose profiles of minibeam arrays based on the DGR parameterizations proposed in this work can replace the time-consuming MC modeling in future preclinical studies and also in the development of treatment planning systems for minibeam therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"559 ","pages":"Article 165604"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast measurement of the quasi-monochromatic MeV γ-beam flux using the 63Cu( γ, n)62Cu reaction at the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source","authors":"Zhi-Cai Li ,&nbsp;Yu-Xuan Yang ,&nbsp;Wen Luo ,&nbsp;Gong-Tao Fan ,&nbsp;Hong-Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Long-Xiang Liu ,&nbsp;Zi-Rui Hao ,&nbsp;Hang-Hua Xu ,&nbsp;Xin-Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Yun Yuan ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Sheng Jin ,&nbsp;Kai-Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Pu Jiao ,&nbsp;Meng-Die Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhen-Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Qian-Kun Sun ,&nbsp;Shan Ye ,&nbsp;Rui-Rui Xu ,&nbsp;Chuang-Ye He","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS) is a powerful laser-Compton scattering (LCS) <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-ray facility that provides a quasi-monochromatic MeV <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-ray beam with a moderate flux of 10<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>-10<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> photons/s. Accurate and fast measurement of the SLEGS <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-beam flux is critical for the upcoming photonuclear experiments. In this study, an activation method based on ⁶³Cu(<span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>, n)⁶²Cu reaction is proposed for fast measurement of the SLEGS <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-beam flux. By operating at a low beam flux of 10<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>-10<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> photons/s, the SLEGS <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-beam flux is measured within the energy range of 11.66-19.08 MeV. The <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-beam flux as a function of laser power is also investigated. It was found that the flux data obtained by the proposed method is in reasonable agreement with the online monitoring of the LaBr<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> detector and the GEANT4 simulations. The dependence of the total time (the sum of the irradiation time, the cooling time, and the detection time for identifying characteristic <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-ray emission) on the <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-beam flux is further studied. The total time could be controlled within 100 s when the beam flux exceeds 10<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> photons/s, suggesting the great potential of the ⁶³Cu activation method to quasi-real-time measure the LCS <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-ray beam at high flux conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"559 ","pages":"Article 165595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inelastic Ion-Surface collisions and physics education","authors":"F. Chiappetta ,&nbsp;C. Meringolo ,&nbsp;P. Riccardi ,&nbsp;G. Prete","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The physics of inelastic ion-surface collisions has interesting point of contact with curricular arguments of secondary school programs, which makes possible interesting educational activities for school pupils in research laboratories. On this basis, in these last years we developed educational activities aimed at introducing school pupils to topics of active scientific research and of societal relevance. Since the education and public outreach is becoming increasingly important in the working life of research scientists, we would like to discuss some of the didactic activities developed, that could be of interest for the broad community of the inelastic ion-surface collisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"559 ","pages":"Article 165613"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between manufacturing and trade: IBA analyses of archaeological glass finds discovered at two Dacian settlements: Sarmizegetusa Regia and Piroboridava","authors":"Roxana Bugoi ,&nbsp;Despina Măgureanu ,&nbsp;Massimo Chiari ,&nbsp;Laurent Pichon ,&nbsp;Cătălin Cristescu ,&nbsp;Paul Ciobotaru","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This publication reports the IBA results on 81 glass items discovered at <em>Sarmizegetusa Regia</em> (Grădiștea de Munte, Hunedoara County) and <em>Piroboridava</em> (Poiana, Galaţi County), Romania, dated to the 1st century CE. External beam PIXE-PIGE measurements with 3 MeV protons were performed at LABEC, INFN, Florence, Italy. The IBA data indicated strong similarities, in terms of chemical composition, with coeval Roman and Hellenistic finds, supporting two archaeological hypotheses: 1) raw glass was imported to Dacia from the Roman Empire and locally shaped into various finished products; and 2) glass vessels were also imported to the Dacian settlements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"559 ","pages":"Article 165593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic data generation from a fine particulate matter PM2.5 experimental data seed and its use in PMF and APCA","authors":"Javier Flores-Aldape ,&nbsp;Francisca Aldape ,&nbsp;Javier Flores-Maldonado","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic databases produced using the Gaussian Copula Model, among others, represent a great aid to analysing experimental databases. Particularly, when the experimental databases have limited data density, synthetic databases can boost the data density without significantly altering the experimental data interpretation. In this work, experimental data of two years and 10 months of fine airborne particulate matter (PM 2.5), analysed by PIXE, ditto the total concentration and concentrations of 15 elements, were used as seed to feed the model and obtain synthetic data. An analytical study of both databases was conducted using Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) and Absolute Principal Component Analysis (APCA), which are the most common algorithms used by the community, some differences, acceptable limitations, and advantages are discussed in this document.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"559 ","pages":"Article 165599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}