Abstract Source term is the amount of radionuclide activity, measured in becquerels, released to the atmosphere from a nuclear reactor, together with the plume composition, over a specific period. It is the basis of radioprotection-related calculation. Usually, such computations are done using commercial codes; however, they are challenging to be used in the case of the MARIA reactor due to its unique construction. Consequently, there is a need to develop a method that will be able to deliver useful results despite the complicated geometry of the reactor site. Such an approach, based upon the Bateman balance equation, is presented in the article, together with the results of source term calculation for the MARIA reactor. Additionally, atmospheric dispersion of the radionuclides, analysed with the Gauss plume model with dry deposition, is presented.
{"title":"Source term estimation for the MARIA research reactor and model of atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides with dry deposition","authors":"M. Lipka","doi":"10.2478/nuka-2020-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Source term is the amount of radionuclide activity, measured in becquerels, released to the atmosphere from a nuclear reactor, together with the plume composition, over a specific period. It is the basis of radioprotection-related calculation. Usually, such computations are done using commercial codes; however, they are challenging to be used in the case of the MARIA reactor due to its unique construction. Consequently, there is a need to develop a method that will be able to deliver useful results despite the complicated geometry of the reactor site. Such an approach, based upon the Bateman balance equation, is presented in the article, together with the results of source term calculation for the MARIA reactor. Additionally, atmospheric dispersion of the radionuclides, analysed with the Gauss plume model with dry deposition, is presented.","PeriodicalId":19467,"journal":{"name":"Nukleonika","volume":"65 1","pages":"173 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43656377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The possibility of preparing fission chambers for the experimental determination of subcriticality without time-consuming corrections has been presented. The reactor detectors set consists of monoisotopic chambers. Each chamber is intended for a specific position in the system. Individual weights, rated a priori for all detectors in their positions, allow for quick calculation of whole system subcriticality. The inconveniences related to the spatial effect are minimized. This is achieved by computational simulation of the area method results, for each detector position and all possible fissionable and fissile nuclides. Next, one nuclide is selected, specific for the given position, presenting the smallest difference from the MCNP KCODE precisely estimated kkcode. The case study is made using the model of VENUS-F core.
{"title":"Fission chambers for space effect reduction in the application of the area method: A new approach","authors":"J. Janczyszyn, G. Domańska, P. Stanisz","doi":"10.2478/nuka-2020-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The possibility of preparing fission chambers for the experimental determination of subcriticality without time-consuming corrections has been presented. The reactor detectors set consists of monoisotopic chambers. Each chamber is intended for a specific position in the system. Individual weights, rated a priori for all detectors in their positions, allow for quick calculation of whole system subcriticality. The inconveniences related to the spatial effect are minimized. This is achieved by computational simulation of the area method results, for each detector position and all possible fissionable and fissile nuclides. Next, one nuclide is selected, specific for the given position, presenting the smallest difference from the MCNP KCODE precisely estimated kkcode. The case study is made using the model of VENUS-F core.","PeriodicalId":19467,"journal":{"name":"Nukleonika","volume":"65 1","pages":"161 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44362278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zimnoch, F. Morawski, T. Kuc, L. Samek, J. Bartyzel, Z. Gorczyca, A. Skiba, K. Różański
Abstract The city of Krakow located in southern Poland ranks among the most polluted urban agglomerations in Europe. There are persisting controversies with respect to impact of different pollution sources operating in Krakow agglomeration on air quality within the city. The presented pilot study was aimed at exploring the possibilities offered by elemental and carbon isotope composition of total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) for better characterization of its sources in Krakow atmosphere. The analyses of carbon isotope composition of total carbon in the investigated TSPM samples were supplemented by parallel analyses of radiocarbon content in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). This study revealed large seasonal variability of carbon isotope composition in the analysed TSPM samples. This large variability reflects seasonally varying contribution of different sources of fossil and modern carbon to the TSPM pool. The elemental composition of TSPM also reveals distinct seasonal variability of the analysed elements, reflecting varying mixture of natural and anthropogenic sources of those elements. A linear relationship between the fossil carbon load in the TSPM samples and the fossil carbon load in the atmospheric CO2 was found, pointing to the presence of additional source of anthropogenic carbonaceous particles not associated with burning of fossil fuels. Wearing of tyres and asphalt pavement is most probably the main source of such particles.
{"title":"Summer–winter contrast in carbon isotope and elemental composition of total suspended particulate matter in the urban atmosphere of Krakow, Southern Poland","authors":"M. Zimnoch, F. Morawski, T. Kuc, L. Samek, J. Bartyzel, Z. Gorczyca, A. Skiba, K. Różański","doi":"10.2478/nuka-2020-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The city of Krakow located in southern Poland ranks among the most polluted urban agglomerations in Europe. There are persisting controversies with respect to impact of different pollution sources operating in Krakow agglomeration on air quality within the city. The presented pilot study was aimed at exploring the possibilities offered by elemental and carbon isotope composition of total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) for better characterization of its sources in Krakow atmosphere. The analyses of carbon isotope composition of total carbon in the investigated TSPM samples were supplemented by parallel analyses of radiocarbon content in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). This study revealed large seasonal variability of carbon isotope composition in the analysed TSPM samples. This large variability reflects seasonally varying contribution of different sources of fossil and modern carbon to the TSPM pool. The elemental composition of TSPM also reveals distinct seasonal variability of the analysed elements, reflecting varying mixture of natural and anthropogenic sources of those elements. A linear relationship between the fossil carbon load in the TSPM samples and the fossil carbon load in the atmospheric CO2 was found, pointing to the presence of additional source of anthropogenic carbonaceous particles not associated with burning of fossil fuels. Wearing of tyres and asphalt pavement is most probably the main source of such particles.","PeriodicalId":19467,"journal":{"name":"Nukleonika","volume":"65 1","pages":"181 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42753988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract More than half of the total natural ionizing radiation dose received by the human population is caused by radon and thoron (Rn and Tn) and their progeny. To estimate the level of radiation due to radon and thoron and their progeny, an investigation was conducted in a residential area near the world’s largest open-pit mine of Bayan Obo in Inner Mongolia, China. The concentration of Rn, Tn, and their decay products in air and soil were studied by using AlphaGUARD, RAD7, and ERS-RDM-2S for a discrete period of time in three different locations. The average indoor concentration of radon and thoron was 62.6 ± 44.6 Bq/m3 and 108.3 ± 94.5 Bq/m3 respectively, and the outdoor concentration was 12.9 ± 6.3 Bq/m3 and 55.8 ± 18.5 Bq/m3, respectively. Relatively high concentrations were recorded in the area near to the mine, with a significant increasing trend observed in indoor thoron concentration. A prominent hotspot in thoron concentration was found in a single-story house with values 747 ± 150 Bq/m3. The equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration (EECTn) varies from 0.48 Bq/m3 to 2.36 Bq/m3 with an arithmetic mean of 1.37 ± 0.64 Bq/m3, and comparatively higher than EECRn. Concluding that the mining activity at Bayan Obo mine is significantly increasing the level of indoor thoron and its progeny in surroundings. It is suggested to further systematically investigate the indoor Rn and Tn progeny concentrations in the residential dwellings of the Bayan Obo mining area, and 232Th content of the building materials, to provide a basis for calculating the radiation dose.
{"title":"Indoor and outdoor 222Rn and 220Rn and their progeny levels surrounding Bayan Obo mine, China","authors":"Nanping Wang, Miao Hu, Weihua Zeng, Cong Yu, Binlin Jia, Zhijie Yang","doi":"10.2478/nuka-2020-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract More than half of the total natural ionizing radiation dose received by the human population is caused by radon and thoron (Rn and Tn) and their progeny. To estimate the level of radiation due to radon and thoron and their progeny, an investigation was conducted in a residential area near the world’s largest open-pit mine of Bayan Obo in Inner Mongolia, China. The concentration of Rn, Tn, and their decay products in air and soil were studied by using AlphaGUARD, RAD7, and ERS-RDM-2S for a discrete period of time in three different locations. The average indoor concentration of radon and thoron was 62.6 ± 44.6 Bq/m3 and 108.3 ± 94.5 Bq/m3 respectively, and the outdoor concentration was 12.9 ± 6.3 Bq/m3 and 55.8 ± 18.5 Bq/m3, respectively. Relatively high concentrations were recorded in the area near to the mine, with a significant increasing trend observed in indoor thoron concentration. A prominent hotspot in thoron concentration was found in a single-story house with values 747 ± 150 Bq/m3. The equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration (EECTn) varies from 0.48 Bq/m3 to 2.36 Bq/m3 with an arithmetic mean of 1.37 ± 0.64 Bq/m3, and comparatively higher than EECRn. Concluding that the mining activity at Bayan Obo mine is significantly increasing the level of indoor thoron and its progeny in surroundings. It is suggested to further systematically investigate the indoor Rn and Tn progeny concentrations in the residential dwellings of the Bayan Obo mining area, and 232Th content of the building materials, to provide a basis for calculating the radiation dose.","PeriodicalId":19467,"journal":{"name":"Nukleonika","volume":"65 1","pages":"145 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43000981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Lucchetti, M. Castelluccio, M. Altamore, A. Briganti, G. Galli, M. Soligo, P. Tuccimei, M. Voltaggio
Abstract In the frame of Radon rEal time monitoring System and Proactive Indoor Remediation (RESPIRE), a LIFE 2016 project funded by the European Commission, the contribution of building materials of volcanic origin to indoor radon concentration was investigated. First, total gamma radiation and related outdoor dose rates of geological materials in the Caprarola area (Central Italy) were measured to define main sources of radiation. Second, 222Rn and 220Rn exhalation rates of these rocks used as building materials were measured using an accumulation chamber connected in a closed loop with a RAD7 radon monitor. Among others, the very porous “Tufo di Gallese” ignimbrite provided the highest values. This material was then used to construct a scale model room of 62 cm × 50 cm × 35 cm (inner length × width × height, respectively) to assess experimental radon and thoron activity concentration at equilibrium and study the effects of climatic conditions and different coatings on radon levels. A first test was carried out at ambient temperature to determine experimental 222Rn and 220Rn equilibrium activities in the model room, not covered with plaster or other coating materials. Experimental 222Rn equilibrium was recorded in just two days demonstrating that the room “breaths”, exchanging air with the outdoor environment. This determines a dilution of indoor radon concentration. Other experiments showed that inner covers (such as plasterboard and different kinds of paints) partially influence 222Rn but entirely cut the short-lived 220Rn. Finally, decreases in ambient temperature reduce radon exhalation from building material and, in turn, indoor activity concentration.
摘要在欧盟委员会资助的LIFE 2016项目氡实时监测系统和室内主动补救（RESPIRE）的框架内，研究了火山成因建筑材料对室内氡浓度的贡献。首先，测量了Caprarola地区（意大利中部）地质材料的总伽马辐射和相关室外剂量率，以确定主要辐射源。其次，这些用作建筑材料的岩石的222Rn和220Rn呼气率是使用与RAD7氡监测仪闭环连接的积聚室测量的。其中，多孔的“Tufo di Gallese”熔结凝灰岩提供了最高的价值。然后用这种材料建造了一个62cm×50cm×35cm（内部长度×宽度×高度分别为）的比例模型室，以评估平衡状态下的实验氡和钍活性浓度，并研究气候条件和不同涂层对氡水平的影响。第一次测试是在环境温度下进行的，以确定模型室中的实验222Rn和220Rn平衡活性，该模型室没有覆盖石膏或其他涂层材料。在短短两天内记录了222Rn的实验平衡，证明房间“呼吸”，与室外环境交换空气。这决定了室内氡浓度的稀释度。其他实验表明，内覆盖物（如石膏板和不同种类的油漆）部分影响222Rn，但完全切断了寿命短的220Rn。最后，环境温度的降低降低了建筑材料中氡的析出，进而降低了室内活动的浓度。
{"title":"Using a scale model room to assess the contribution of building material of volcanic origin to indoor radon","authors":"C. Lucchetti, M. Castelluccio, M. Altamore, A. Briganti, G. Galli, M. Soligo, P. Tuccimei, M. Voltaggio","doi":"10.2478/nuka-2020-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the frame of Radon rEal time monitoring System and Proactive Indoor Remediation (RESPIRE), a LIFE 2016 project funded by the European Commission, the contribution of building materials of volcanic origin to indoor radon concentration was investigated. First, total gamma radiation and related outdoor dose rates of geological materials in the Caprarola area (Central Italy) were measured to define main sources of radiation. Second, 222Rn and 220Rn exhalation rates of these rocks used as building materials were measured using an accumulation chamber connected in a closed loop with a RAD7 radon monitor. Among others, the very porous “Tufo di Gallese” ignimbrite provided the highest values. This material was then used to construct a scale model room of 62 cm × 50 cm × 35 cm (inner length × width × height, respectively) to assess experimental radon and thoron activity concentration at equilibrium and study the effects of climatic conditions and different coatings on radon levels. A first test was carried out at ambient temperature to determine experimental 222Rn and 220Rn equilibrium activities in the model room, not covered with plaster or other coating materials. Experimental 222Rn equilibrium was recorded in just two days demonstrating that the room “breaths”, exchanging air with the outdoor environment. This determines a dilution of indoor radon concentration. Other experiments showed that inner covers (such as plasterboard and different kinds of paints) partially influence 222Rn but entirely cut the short-lived 220Rn. Finally, decreases in ambient temperature reduce radon exhalation from building material and, in turn, indoor activity concentration.","PeriodicalId":19467,"journal":{"name":"Nukleonika","volume":"65 1","pages":"71 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48142551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Continuous monitoring of natural gamma radiation in air has been carried out, during December 2014 – January 2018, with 1-min cyclic measurement in Prague, Czech Republic using a NaI(Tl) probe. The 214Bi/214Pb ratio as a tracer in rainwater has been investigated to study its variations related to both the ambient dose equivalent rate per hour and the amount of rainfall. A hybrid methodology for time series analysis, composed of the aggregation of two signal decomposition methods (multiple linear regression and empirical mode decomposition) and one forecasting method (support vector regression), has been applied to identify the anomalies in the studied signals in order to better find correlations among them. The results show a strong correlation between the ambient dose equivalent rate and the 214Bi/214Pb ratio values and between both these signals and rainfall amount ≥5 mm/h. Furthermore, the considered descendants of radon are mainly responsible for the overall ambient dose equivalent rate.
{"title":"214Bi/214Pb radioactivity ratio three-year monitoring in rainwater in Prague","authors":"F. Ambrosino, L. Thinová, M. Hýža, C. Sabbarese","doi":"10.2478/nuka-2020-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Continuous monitoring of natural gamma radiation in air has been carried out, during December 2014 – January 2018, with 1-min cyclic measurement in Prague, Czech Republic using a NaI(Tl) probe. The 214Bi/214Pb ratio as a tracer in rainwater has been investigated to study its variations related to both the ambient dose equivalent rate per hour and the amount of rainfall. A hybrid methodology for time series analysis, composed of the aggregation of two signal decomposition methods (multiple linear regression and empirical mode decomposition) and one forecasting method (support vector regression), has been applied to identify the anomalies in the studied signals in order to better find correlations among them. The results show a strong correlation between the ambient dose equivalent rate and the 214Bi/214Pb ratio values and between both these signals and rainfall amount ≥5 mm/h. Furthermore, the considered descendants of radon are mainly responsible for the overall ambient dose equivalent rate.","PeriodicalId":19467,"journal":{"name":"Nukleonika","volume":"65 1","pages":"115 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69242479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Loffredo, A. Scala, G. M. Adinolfi, F. Savino, M. Quarto
Abstract The population is continuously exposed to a background level of ionizing radiation due to the natural radioactivity and, in particular, with radon (222Rn). Radon gas has been classified as the second leading cause of lung cancer after tobacco smoke [1]. In the confined environment, radon concentration can reach harmful level and vary accordingly to many factors. Since the primary source of radon in dwellings is the subsurface, the risk assessment and reduction cannot disregard the identification of the local geology and the environmental predisposing factors. In this article, we propose a new methodology, based on the computation of the Gini coefficients at different spatial scales, to estimate the spatial correlation and the geographical variability of radon concentrations. This variability can be interpreted as a signature of the different subsurface geological conditions. The Gini coefficient computation is a statistical tool widely used to determine the degree of inhomogeneity of different kinds of distributions. We generated several simulated radon distributions, and the proposed tool has been validated by comparing the variograms based on the semi-variance computation with those ones based on the Gini coefficient. The Gini coefficient variogram is shown to be a good estimator of the inhomogeneity degree of radon concentration. Indeed, it allows to better constrain the critical distance below which the radon geological source can be considered as uniform at least for the investigated length scales of variability; it also better discriminates the fluctuations due to the environmental predisposing factors from those ones due to the random spatially uncorrelated noise.
{"title":"A new geostatistical tool for the analysis of the geographical variability of the indoor radon activity","authors":"F. Loffredo, A. Scala, G. M. Adinolfi, F. Savino, M. Quarto","doi":"10.2478/nuka-2020-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The population is continuously exposed to a background level of ionizing radiation due to the natural radioactivity and, in particular, with radon (222Rn). Radon gas has been classified as the second leading cause of lung cancer after tobacco smoke [1]. In the confined environment, radon concentration can reach harmful level and vary accordingly to many factors. Since the primary source of radon in dwellings is the subsurface, the risk assessment and reduction cannot disregard the identification of the local geology and the environmental predisposing factors. In this article, we propose a new methodology, based on the computation of the Gini coefficients at different spatial scales, to estimate the spatial correlation and the geographical variability of radon concentrations. This variability can be interpreted as a signature of the different subsurface geological conditions. The Gini coefficient computation is a statistical tool widely used to determine the degree of inhomogeneity of different kinds of distributions. We generated several simulated radon distributions, and the proposed tool has been validated by comparing the variograms based on the semi-variance computation with those ones based on the Gini coefficient. The Gini coefficient variogram is shown to be a good estimator of the inhomogeneity degree of radon concentration. Indeed, it allows to better constrain the critical distance below which the radon geological source can be considered as uniform at least for the investigated length scales of variability; it also better discriminates the fluctuations due to the environmental predisposing factors from those ones due to the random spatially uncorrelated noise.","PeriodicalId":19467,"journal":{"name":"Nukleonika","volume":"65 1","pages":"104 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48789097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miki Arian Saputra, Eka Djatnika Nugraha, Tri Purwanti, Rokhmat Arifianto, Roza Indra Laksmana, R. P. Hutabarat, M. Hosoda, S. Tokonami
Abstract The exposure from radon, thoron, and thoron progeny was measured for 45 dwellings in high background radiation area in Takandeang, Indonesia with ambient dose equivalent rate ranging from 0.34 μSv h−1 to 1.90 μSv h−1. The measurement was taken using passive radon and thoron discriminative detector and thoron progeny detector. This measurement was taken from November 2018 to October 2019, and within one month the detector would be replaced with a new detector. The concentrations of radon, thoron, and thoron progeny were calculated as 42–490 Bq m−3, 20–618 Bq m−3, and 4–40 Bq m−3, respectively. The concentrations for outdoor were 49–435 Bq m−3, 23–457 Bq m−3, and 4–37 Bq m−3, respectively, and the annual effective dose was 9.8–28.6 mSv y−1. Based on the result of Spearman’s correlations analysis between the indoor radon and thoron concentrations and between the indoor thoron progeny and thoron concentrations, we suggest that exposure to thoron cannot be predicted from exposure to radon, and the equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration has a large uncertainty when it is estimated from thoron concentration assuming a single thoron equilibrium factor.
{"title":"Exposures from radon, thoron, and thoron progeny in high background radiation area in Takandeang, Mamuju, Indonesia","authors":"Miki Arian Saputra, Eka Djatnika Nugraha, Tri Purwanti, Rokhmat Arifianto, Roza Indra Laksmana, R. P. Hutabarat, M. Hosoda, S. Tokonami","doi":"10.2478/nuka-2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The exposure from radon, thoron, and thoron progeny was measured for 45 dwellings in high background radiation area in Takandeang, Indonesia with ambient dose equivalent rate ranging from 0.34 μSv h−1 to 1.90 μSv h−1. The measurement was taken using passive radon and thoron discriminative detector and thoron progeny detector. This measurement was taken from November 2018 to October 2019, and within one month the detector would be replaced with a new detector. The concentrations of radon, thoron, and thoron progeny were calculated as 42–490 Bq m−3, 20–618 Bq m−3, and 4–40 Bq m−3, respectively. The concentrations for outdoor were 49–435 Bq m−3, 23–457 Bq m−3, and 4–37 Bq m−3, respectively, and the annual effective dose was 9.8–28.6 mSv y−1. Based on the result of Spearman’s correlations analysis between the indoor radon and thoron concentrations and between the indoor thoron progeny and thoron concentrations, we suggest that exposure to thoron cannot be predicted from exposure to radon, and the equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration has a large uncertainty when it is estimated from thoron concentration assuming a single thoron equilibrium factor.","PeriodicalId":19467,"journal":{"name":"Nukleonika","volume":"65 1","pages":"89 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43061920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Smetanová, K. Holý, Ľubica Luhová, K. Csicsay, Dagmar Haviarová, L. Kunáková
Abstract The continuous monitoring of 222Rn activity concentration, CO2 concentration, and microclimatologic parameters (internal air temperature and relative humidity) in the Važecká Cave (Northern Slovakia) is being carried out at three monitoring stations, namely, Gallery, Lake Hall, and Entrance Hall. Radon activity concentration and CO2 concentration exhibited a clear annual variation. The daily average of radon concentration ranged 1300–27 700 Bq/m3 at the Lake Hall station and 3600–42 200 Bq/m3 at the Gallery station. Radon reached its maximum in the summer months, from June to September. The annual maximum of CO2 concentration is registered approximately one month later than radon maximum. The annual variation of radon and CO2 is controlled by the seasonal change of ventilation regime associated with the seasonal variation of the difference between the temperature measured inside the cave and the atmospheric temperature.
{"title":"Seasonal variation of radon and CO2 in the Važecká Cave, Slovakia","authors":"I. Smetanová, K. Holý, Ľubica Luhová, K. Csicsay, Dagmar Haviarová, L. Kunáková","doi":"10.2478/nuka-2020-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The continuous monitoring of 222Rn activity concentration, CO2 concentration, and microclimatologic parameters (internal air temperature and relative humidity) in the Važecká Cave (Northern Slovakia) is being carried out at three monitoring stations, namely, Gallery, Lake Hall, and Entrance Hall. Radon activity concentration and CO2 concentration exhibited a clear annual variation. The daily average of radon concentration ranged 1300–27 700 Bq/m3 at the Lake Hall station and 3600–42 200 Bq/m3 at the Gallery station. Radon reached its maximum in the summer months, from June to September. The annual maximum of CO2 concentration is registered approximately one month later than radon maximum. The annual variation of radon and CO2 is controlled by the seasonal change of ventilation regime associated with the seasonal variation of the difference between the temperature measured inside the cave and the atmospheric temperature.","PeriodicalId":19467,"journal":{"name":"Nukleonika","volume":"65 1","pages":"153 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46344784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Chałupnik, K. Skubacz, M. Wysocka, J. Mazur, M. Bonczyk, K. Kozak, D. Grządziel, P. Urban, D. Tchorz-Trzeciakiewicz, B. Kozłowska, A. Walencik-Łata, A. Podstawczyńska, J. Olszewski, J. Bartak, M. Karpińska, K. Wołoszczuk, M. Dohojda, J. Nowak, M. Długosz-Lisiecka, E. Foerster, T. Przylibski
Abstract At the beginning of the year 2016, the representatives of the Polish Radon Centre decided to organize proficiency tests (PTs) for measurements of radon gas and radon decay products in the air, involving radon monitors and laboratory passive techniques. The Silesian Centre for Environmental Radioactivity of the Central Mining Institute (GIG), Katowice, became responsible for the organization of the PT exercises. The main reason to choose that location was the radon chamber in GIG with a volume of 17 m3, the biggest one in Poland. Accordingly, 13 participants from Poland plus one participant from Germany expressed their interest. The participants were invited to inform the organizers about what types of monitors and methods they would like to check during the tests. On this basis, the GIG team prepared the proposal for the schedule of exercises, such as the required level(s) of radon concentrations, the number and periods of tests, proposed potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC) levels and also the overall period of PT. The PT activity was performed between 6th and 17th June 2016. After assessment of the results, the agreement between radon monitors and other measurement methods was confirmed. In the case of PAEC monitors and methods of measurements, the results of PT exercises were consistent and confirmed the accuracy of the calibration procedures used by the participants. The results of the PAEC PTs will be published elsewhere; in this paper, only the results of radon intercomparison are described.
{"title":"Radon intercomparison tests – Katowice, 2016","authors":"S. Chałupnik, K. Skubacz, M. Wysocka, J. Mazur, M. Bonczyk, K. Kozak, D. Grządziel, P. Urban, D. Tchorz-Trzeciakiewicz, B. Kozłowska, A. Walencik-Łata, A. Podstawczyńska, J. Olszewski, J. Bartak, M. Karpińska, K. Wołoszczuk, M. Dohojda, J. Nowak, M. Długosz-Lisiecka, E. Foerster, T. Przylibski","doi":"10.2478/nuka-2020-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract At the beginning of the year 2016, the representatives of the Polish Radon Centre decided to organize proficiency tests (PTs) for measurements of radon gas and radon decay products in the air, involving radon monitors and laboratory passive techniques. The Silesian Centre for Environmental Radioactivity of the Central Mining Institute (GIG), Katowice, became responsible for the organization of the PT exercises. The main reason to choose that location was the radon chamber in GIG with a volume of 17 m3, the biggest one in Poland. Accordingly, 13 participants from Poland plus one participant from Germany expressed their interest. The participants were invited to inform the organizers about what types of monitors and methods they would like to check during the tests. On this basis, the GIG team prepared the proposal for the schedule of exercises, such as the required level(s) of radon concentrations, the number and periods of tests, proposed potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC) levels and also the overall period of PT. The PT activity was performed between 6th and 17th June 2016. After assessment of the results, the agreement between radon monitors and other measurement methods was confirmed. In the case of PAEC monitors and methods of measurements, the results of PT exercises were consistent and confirmed the accuracy of the calibration procedures used by the participants. The results of the PAEC PTs will be published elsewhere; in this paper, only the results of radon intercomparison are described.","PeriodicalId":19467,"journal":{"name":"Nukleonika","volume":"65 1","pages":"127 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45020732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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