Nutrition reviews最新文献

Growth charts are essential for monitoring child growth. The availability of multiple international and national charts, along with increasing interest in locally developed references, may have influenced global trends in their application. This study aimed to describe global trends in the use of national versus international child growth charts, with a focus on prevailing research themes, chart types, and variations across regions and time periods. We conducted a bibliometric analysis and scoping review of studies on child growth charts published between January 1, 2007, and October 25, 2022, in PubMed and Scopus. The search used the primary key words "child," "growth chart," and "nutritional status" in titles and abstracts. Bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands) mapped research themes and key word co-occurrence, while the scoping review synthesized evidence on the use of various growth chart types across regions and time periods, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. From 3014 identified articles across 120 countries, 975 were included in the review. Key word network analysis revealed "childhood obesity" as a dominant theme in nutrition research related to growth charts. Most studies originated from China, India, and the United States, with limited representation from Africa. International charts remained predominant, with 83.6% of studies using the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), World Health Organization (WHO) 2006, WHO 2007, or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2000 references. However, a growing trend toward the development and use of national growth charts was observed in approximately 47 countries, particularly in the past decade. Childhood obesity has emerged as a central focus of research using growth charts. Although international charts continue to be the most widely applied, there is an increasing tendency toward national chart development and utilization. Further studies are needed to assess how national growth charts compare with international standards in evaluating children's nutritional status.

Episodes of acute psychological stress increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases, partially through stress-induced impairments in vascular function. During psychologically stressful periods, individuals are more likely to consume unhealthy foods and fewer fruits and vegetables. Yet, the impact of dietary choices and their nutritional composition on vascular function in the context of psychological stress is unclear. In this scoping review, comprehensive database searches were carried out to identify articles reporting on studies investigating the effect of diet on vascular function in the context of psychological stress. A total of 523 articles were screened, 20 of which were selected for data extraction based on the inclusion criteria, which required that a dietary component, a psychological stress protocol, and a vascular outcome measure all were included. Some nutrients or bioactives were hypothesized to impair vascular responses to psychological stress (n = 8 articles), whereas others were postulated to be protective during psychological stress (n = 9 articles). In all studies that tested whole-diet interventions (n = 3), the interventions were hypothesized to be protective. Preliminary evidence suggests saturated fat consumption impairs the recovery of vascular function after psychological stress, whereas plant bioactives (eg, cocoa flavanols, nitrates) and vitamin C may be protective during psychological stress. The findings are mixed; nevertheless, this review provides recommendations for research to investigate how dietary choices can modify the impact of psychological stress on vascular health.

Context: Surgical resection, the primary treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC), often leads to postoperative complications affecting quality of life. Immunonutrition (IN), in the near-surgical setting, may be an effective strategy for enhancing the postoperative course.

Objective: To explore the effect of IN formulas during the perioperative course on infectious and noninfectious, postsurgical complications and length of hospital stay (LOS).

Data sources: A search of the literature was performed in Web of Science and Scopus, combining the terms "Colorectal Cancer," "Immunonutrition," and "Postoperative Complications." The search was conducted for studies published between January 2017 and June 2023, with no restrictions on language.

Results: The primary outcomes were infectious/noninfectious complications and LOS. Secondary outcomes were markers of immune function and inflammatory response. Of 1018 studies identified, 10 met the eligibility criteria: 50% were randomized controlled trials and the rest were prospective randomized trials. Three studies assessed preoperative and 7 assessed perioperative IN administration. Using individual substrates, 2 studies administered omega-3 fatty acids, 1 administered glutamine, and 1 administered arginine. Finally, using a combination of substrates, 4 studies used omega-3, arginine, and nucleotides, while 2 used omega-3 and arginine. The meta-analyses revealed significant reductions in minor infectious complications (risk ratio [RR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.89; P < .01), whereas no effect was observed for general infectious complications (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.48 to 1.05; P = .09), noninfectious complications (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.46; P = 0.92), or LOS (RR, 0.09; 95% CI, -0.19 to 0.37; P = 0.53). Participants and intervention characteristics were analyzed as potential moderators, with higher IN doses consistently linked to greater reductions in infection risk, highlighting dose as a key moderator.

Conclusion: This meta-analysis revealed significant reductions in minor infectious complications in patients undergoing CRC resection. However, methodological variability and the small number of studies made it challenging to draw clear conclusions.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO no. CRD42024515921.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease affecting millions globally and remains a major public health challenge. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) possess anti-inflammatory properties and have garnered growing attention for their potential role in asthma prevention and treatment. This narrative review summarizes recent advancements in preclinical and clinical research, mechanistic insights, and translational applications of ω-3 PUFAs for asthma prevention and management, specifically highlighting their potential role in reducing the risk and severity of childhood asthma. Preclinical studies indicate that ω-3 PUFA supplementation reduces airway hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilic inflammation, enhancing bronchial epithelial repair via activation of free fatty acid receptors and production of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Moreover, observational studies in various populations suggest that increased dietary intake of ω-3 PUFAs during pregnancy and early life may lower the risk of asthma in offspring. However, findings from randomized controlled trials remain inconsistent, with heterogeneity arising from differences in study populations, dosages, formulations, durations, and outcome measures. This narrative review highlights the need for future research to adopt standardized supplementation protocols, investigate interindividual genetic variability in response to ω-3 PUFAs, compare the efficacy of different ω-3 sources, and improve supplement stability to enhance therapeutic potential and safety. Collectively, despite encouraging preclinical and observational evidence, this narrative review underscores that more rigorous and targeted clinical studies are warranted to clarify the role of ω-3 PUFAs in asthma pathogenesis and management, thereby informing their potential use as nutritional interventions for pediatric asthma.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide and has a multifactorial etiology involving genetic, metabolic, and behavioral factors. Hypertension and dyslipidemia contribute significantly to atherosclerosis progression, and these conditions may be influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs), which act as post-transcriptional gene expression regulators. In turn, miRNA expression can be modulated by nutrient-dense dietary patterns or cardioprotective foods, such as nuts. Despite growing interest in miRNAs and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, few reviews have specifically addressed the unique role of nuts in modulating miRNA expression, particularly regarding gaps in secondary prevention of CAD. This study summarizes the main miRNAs associated with blood pressure, lipid metabolism, and atherosclerotic disease, as well as the current evidence on how nut consumption influences their expression. Several miRNAs, including miR-1, miR-21, the miR-29 family, miR-30a/b, miR-133, miR-143, miR-145, and miR-221/222, are dysregulated in hypertension and associated with circadian blood pressure patterns, left ventricular hypertrophy, and antihypertensive response. Others, such as miR-122, miR-33a/b, miR-148a, miR-483-5p, and miR-145, are linked to lipid metabolism, plaque instability, and ischemic outcomes. Nut-rich diets, particularly the Mediterranean diet, seem to modulate miRNAs associated with pathways involved in lipid homeostasis, endothelial function, and inflammation. Data from clinical trials conducted in primary CVD prevention setting have shown changes in circulating miRNAs in response to diets rich in nuts. Additional studies with Brazil nuts, pistachios, almonds, and walnuts supplementation also reported modulation of miRNAs involved in lipid homeostasis, inflammation, and insulin resistance, including significant changes in expression of miR-15a, miR-21, miR-328, miR-454-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-192, miR-330-3p, miR-32-5p, miR-29b-3p, and miR-551a. Nonetheless, it appears no studies have yet evaluated the effect of nut supplementation on miRNAs in secondary prevention of CAD. Although the evidence is promising, more research is needed to clarify the impact of nut consumption on miRNA modulation, particularly in secondary prevention of CVD.