Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140206
P. Purnama, I. Sumardi, L. Nugroho
Abstract. Purnama PC, Sumardi I, Nugroho LH. 2022. Fruit development and capsaicin content of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) plant cultivated in different soil salinity stress. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 166-171. Land scarcity for cropping at Java Island is a challenge for scientists to look for alternative cropping land. The use of saline land for cropping needs to have further discussed. Red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) can be used as a plant model because, aside from being used as a vegetable, it is also used as natural medicine because of its secondary metabolite, capsaicin. A harsh environment could induce changes in the primary metabolism, which leads to secondary metabolite decomposition. For example, plants respond to stress, such as salt stress, by synthesizing flavonoids and phenolic acid as defense systems to reduce damage. However, the total sugar level and organic acids are decreased. This research aimed to study the fruit development and capsaicin content of hot pepper grown on various coastal soil sand to know whether or not different growth medium affects the size of each part of the fruit. The design of this research was a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD). In this research, five different salinity mediums were used, they were A. 15.20 dS/m, B. 5.70 dS/m, C.1.10 dS/m, and D. 2.85 dS/m obtained from Pandansimo and E. 3.25 dS/m obtained from Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, as comparation. Seedlings were transferred to the polybag after having four truly expanded leaves. Fruit development was observed every week, starting from the first day after flowering (DAF) to 35 DAF. Pericarpium and placenta thickness, fruit diameter, number, length, and width of the giant cell were recorded appropriately from the slides prepared using the paraffin method. Capsaicin content was determined at 14 and 35 DAF, performed with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show structural changes in the exocarpium; on the first day after flowering, there was only one layer of epidermis cells, but at 7 DAF, there was one layer of epidermis cells and one layer of collenchyma cells. Next, at 14 DAF, one layer of epidermis cells and two layers of collenchyma cells are observed. The structure of the mesocarpium, endocarpium, and placenta were not changed. The capsaicin content of the green fruit (14 DAF) was lower than the mature one (35 DAF) in all survival mediums. The highest capsaicin content at 14 and 35 DAF was obtained from a plant grown at medium C. Different growing mediums affected pericarpium and placenta thickness, number, length, and width of the giant cell fruit diameter.
{"title":"Fruit development and capsaicin content of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) plant cultivated in different soil salinity stress","authors":"P. Purnama, I. Sumardi, L. Nugroho","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140206","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Purnama PC, Sumardi I, Nugroho LH. 2022. Fruit development and capsaicin content of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) plant cultivated in different soil salinity stress. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 166-171. Land scarcity for cropping at Java Island is a challenge for scientists to look for alternative cropping land. The use of saline land for cropping needs to have further discussed. Red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) can be used as a plant model because, aside from being used as a vegetable, it is also used as natural medicine because of its secondary metabolite, capsaicin. A harsh environment could induce changes in the primary metabolism, which leads to secondary metabolite decomposition. For example, plants respond to stress, such as salt stress, by synthesizing flavonoids and phenolic acid as defense systems to reduce damage. However, the total sugar level and organic acids are decreased. This research aimed to study the fruit development and capsaicin content of hot pepper grown on various coastal soil sand to know whether or not different growth medium affects the size of each part of the fruit. The design of this research was a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD). In this research, five different salinity mediums were used, they were A. 15.20 dS/m, B. 5.70 dS/m, C.1.10 dS/m, and D. 2.85 dS/m obtained from Pandansimo and E. 3.25 dS/m obtained from Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, as comparation. Seedlings were transferred to the polybag after having four truly expanded leaves. Fruit development was observed every week, starting from the first day after flowering (DAF) to 35 DAF. Pericarpium and placenta thickness, fruit diameter, number, length, and width of the giant cell were recorded appropriately from the slides prepared using the paraffin method. Capsaicin content was determined at 14 and 35 DAF, performed with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show structural changes in the exocarpium; on the first day after flowering, there was only one layer of epidermis cells, but at 7 DAF, there was one layer of epidermis cells and one layer of collenchyma cells. Next, at 14 DAF, one layer of epidermis cells and two layers of collenchyma cells are observed. The structure of the mesocarpium, endocarpium, and placenta were not changed. The capsaicin content of the green fruit (14 DAF) was lower than the mature one (35 DAF) in all survival mediums. The highest capsaicin content at 14 and 35 DAF was obtained from a plant grown at medium C. Different growing mediums affected pericarpium and placenta thickness, number, length, and width of the giant cell fruit diameter.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43005904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140207
Amare Fassil, Tsegaw Habtamu, M. Tahir, Temesgen Terefe
Abstract. Fassil A, Habtamu T, Tahir M, Terefe T. 2022. Diversity, floral phenology, and socio-economic importance of melliferous plants in Eastern Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 172-181. Beekeeping is a supply of extra money and financial gain for many thousands of farmer beekeepers in Ethiopia and plays a big role in preserving natural resources. Honeybees and flowering plants have co-evolved in their special symbiotic relationship. Bee plant types and their flowering duration differ from one place to another due to variations in topography, climate, and other cultural and farming practices. This study investigated and documented the diversity and floral phenology of honeybee plants in Doba, Gemechis, and Mi’eso Districts, Oromia National Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia, from January 2019 to July 2021. Ethnobotanical data were collected to reveal the diversity of melliferous plants, practices, and communities’ attitudes about honey production and melliferous plant conservation. A total of 422 respondents participated through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and field walks for socio-economic data collection. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, ranking, and scores were used and presented with tables and figures to analyze ethnobotanical data. A total of 120 melliferous plant species were distributed under 108 genera and 55 families, of which 70 plants were found in the Gemechis District, followed by Doba and Mi’eso Districts with 47 and 42 plants each, respectively. Sorenson’s Similarity Index values showed the wide-ranging melliferous plant species distribution patterns in the three districts with 50.4 (between Doba and Mi’eso), 37.5 (between Doba and Gemechis), and 15.3 (between Gemechis and Mi’eso) species overlaps. Fabaceae and Asteraceae contribute a significant number of species, with 12 (10 %) and 9 (7.5 %) melliferous plants, respectively. Local communities have a good awareness of the seasonal availability of melliferous plants, indicating adequate supply (June to early December) and critical shortage (November to early May) of melliferous plant resources favoring strong and weak colony strength, respectively. Lack of nutrition, improper management practices, honey bee predators, and lack of beekeeping knowledge and equipment were the most important constraints deleteriously influencing the honey quality and amount in the study area. The shortage of pollen and nectar flow during the dearth periods (January to March) needs interventions like hive migration and bee floral plantations. Hence, there is an urgent need for intervention through awareness creation, campaign-based melliferous plant plantations, and technology transfers.
{"title":"Diversity, floral phenology, and socio-economic importance of melliferous plants in Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Amare Fassil, Tsegaw Habtamu, M. Tahir, Temesgen Terefe","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Fassil A, Habtamu T, Tahir M, Terefe T. 2022. Diversity, floral phenology, and socio-economic importance of melliferous plants in Eastern Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 172-181. Beekeeping is a supply of extra money and financial gain for many thousands of farmer beekeepers in Ethiopia and plays a big role in preserving natural resources. Honeybees and flowering plants have co-evolved in their special symbiotic relationship. Bee plant types and their flowering duration differ from one place to another due to variations in topography, climate, and other cultural and farming practices. This study investigated and documented the diversity and floral phenology of honeybee plants in Doba, Gemechis, and Mi’eso Districts, Oromia National Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia, from January 2019 to July 2021. Ethnobotanical data were collected to reveal the diversity of melliferous plants, practices, and communities’ attitudes about honey production and melliferous plant conservation. A total of 422 respondents participated through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and field walks for socio-economic data collection. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, ranking, and scores were used and presented with tables and figures to analyze ethnobotanical data. A total of 120 melliferous plant species were distributed under 108 genera and 55 families, of which 70 plants were found in the Gemechis District, followed by Doba and Mi’eso Districts with 47 and 42 plants each, respectively. Sorenson’s Similarity Index values showed the wide-ranging melliferous plant species distribution patterns in the three districts with 50.4 (between Doba and Mi’eso), 37.5 (between Doba and Gemechis), and 15.3 (between Gemechis and Mi’eso) species overlaps. Fabaceae and Asteraceae contribute a significant number of species, with 12 (10 %) and 9 (7.5 %) melliferous plants, respectively. Local communities have a good awareness of the seasonal availability of melliferous plants, indicating adequate supply (June to early December) and critical shortage (November to early May) of melliferous plant resources favoring strong and weak colony strength, respectively. Lack of nutrition, improper management practices, honey bee predators, and lack of beekeeping knowledge and equipment were the most important constraints deleteriously influencing the honey quality and amount in the study area. The shortage of pollen and nectar flow during the dearth periods (January to March) needs interventions like hive migration and bee floral plantations. Hence, there is an urgent need for intervention through awareness creation, campaign-based melliferous plant plantations, and technology transfers.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45699381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-13DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140205
M. Dwiati, A. Susanto, Iman Budisantoso
Abstract. Dwiati M, Susanto AH, Budisantoso I. 2022. Somatic embryogenesis of the selected intergeneric hybrid between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda' Saint Valentine': Application of NAA and TDZ. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 160-165. Intergeneric hybridization between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda' Saint Valentine' has produced a hybrid seedling with several characters potentially developing into plant individuals with flowers of better performance. Therefore, identical clones of the selected hybrid should be developed into PLBs using an in-vitro culture technique employing somatic embryogenesis supported by the application of plant growth regulators. This study aims to unveil the effect of NAA and TDZ in stimulating the formation of identical clones of the selected intergeneric hybrid between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda' Saint Valentine'. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving two factors, i.e., types of plant growth regulators and the levels of concentrations of each substance. It was found that the combination of NAA and TDZ significantly affected the growth of the identical clones. Furthermore, the combination of NAA 0.5 mgL-1 and TDZ 1.5 mgL-1 resulted in clones that potentially differentiate into PLBs. This finding indicates that NAA and TDZ should be applied appropriately to stimulate somatic embryogenesis in the intergeneric hybrid.
{"title":"Somatic embryogenesis of the selected intergeneric hybrid between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda ‘Saint Valentine’: Application of NAA and TDZ","authors":"M. Dwiati, A. Susanto, Iman Budisantoso","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140205","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Dwiati M, Susanto AH, Budisantoso I. 2022. Somatic embryogenesis of the selected intergeneric hybrid between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda' Saint Valentine': Application of NAA and TDZ. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 160-165. Intergeneric hybridization between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda' Saint Valentine' has produced a hybrid seedling with several characters potentially developing into plant individuals with flowers of better performance. Therefore, identical clones of the selected hybrid should be developed into PLBs using an in-vitro culture technique employing somatic embryogenesis supported by the application of plant growth regulators. This study aims to unveil the effect of NAA and TDZ in stimulating the formation of identical clones of the selected intergeneric hybrid between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda' Saint Valentine'. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving two factors, i.e., types of plant growth regulators and the levels of concentrations of each substance. It was found that the combination of NAA and TDZ significantly affected the growth of the identical clones. Furthermore, the combination of NAA 0.5 mgL-1 and TDZ 1.5 mgL-1 resulted in clones that potentially differentiate into PLBs. This finding indicates that NAA and TDZ should be applied appropriately to stimulate somatic embryogenesis in the intergeneric hybrid.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46745802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140202
Tura Bareke, A. Addi, Kasim Roba, T. Kumsa
Abstract. Bareke T, Addi A, Roba K, Kumsa T. 2022. Effect of storage temperature and packing materials on seed germination and seed storage behavior of Schefflera abyssinica. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 141-147. Knowledge of seed storage behavior is crucial for developing appropriate ex-situ conservation strategies. The main objective of this study was to determine the seed storage behavior of Schefflera abyssinica (Hochst. ex A. Rich.). A factorial combination of three temperatures (-10, 0, and 22°C) levels, two types of packing containers (polythene bag and aluminum bag), and eight periods of storage (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 days, and for a year) level was used to determine the germination capacity and storage behavior of the seeds. Accordingly, seed storage temperatures and storage period (up to 1 year) have a significant effect on the germination (p<0.01) of S. abyssinica. The highest average germination percentage of S. abyssinica seeds was obtained after 2 months of storage under all conditions. The seed storage period influences the germination of S. abyssinica by 47.8%. The germination percentages of S. abyssinica seeds have shown significant differences in storage temperatures. Seeds stored at -10°C showed the highest germination percentage in all storage periods compared to the two storage temperatures. Generally, the highest germination capacity of S. abyssinica seeds was between 7% and 9% moisture content after 60 and 90 days of storage. Packing materials have no significant difference in the survival of seeds. No stored seeds germinated after one year of storage at room temperature, 0°C, and -10°C. Based on the definition of seed storage behavior, we conclude that seeds of S. abyssinica have intermediate storage.
{"title":"Effect of storage temperature and packing materials on seed germination and seed storage behavior of Schefflera abyssinica","authors":"Tura Bareke, A. Addi, Kasim Roba, T. Kumsa","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Bareke T, Addi A, Roba K, Kumsa T. 2022. Effect of storage temperature and packing materials on seed germination and seed storage behavior of Schefflera abyssinica. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 141-147. Knowledge of seed storage behavior is crucial for developing appropriate ex-situ conservation strategies. The main objective of this study was to determine the seed storage behavior of Schefflera abyssinica (Hochst. ex A. Rich.). A factorial combination of three temperatures (-10, 0, and 22°C) levels, two types of packing containers (polythene bag and aluminum bag), and eight periods of storage (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 days, and for a year) level was used to determine the germination capacity and storage behavior of the seeds. Accordingly, seed storage temperatures and storage period (up to 1 year) have a significant effect on the germination (p<0.01) of S. abyssinica. The highest average germination percentage of S. abyssinica seeds was obtained after 2 months of storage under all conditions. The seed storage period influences the germination of S. abyssinica by 47.8%. The germination percentages of S. abyssinica seeds have shown significant differences in storage temperatures. Seeds stored at -10°C showed the highest germination percentage in all storage periods compared to the two storage temperatures. Generally, the highest germination capacity of S. abyssinica seeds was between 7% and 9% moisture content after 60 and 90 days of storage. Packing materials have no significant difference in the survival of seeds. No stored seeds germinated after one year of storage at room temperature, 0°C, and -10°C. Based on the definition of seed storage behavior, we conclude that seeds of S. abyssinica have intermediate storage.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45970198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140203
Lutfia Fajar Choirunnisa, Y. Widiyastuti, Solichatun Solichatun, A. Yunus
Abstract. Choirunnisa LF, Widiayastuti Y, Solichatun, Yunus A. 2022. The addition of vermicompost and biostarter affects the growth, total phenolic and antioxidant activity of Echinacea purpurea. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 148-154. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench or purple coneflower is a medical plant that originated in North America and contained various bioactive compounds, one of which is phenolic. Applying organic fertilizer like vermicompost has been reported to increase plants' bioactive compounds' components and antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the addition of vermicompost and biostarter on the growth, total phenolic and antioxidant activity of E. purpurea. Split-Plot Randomized Complete Block Design was used with dosages of vermicompost 0, 40, 60, and 80 g/plant and different types of biostarter from Banana peel waste and effective microorganisms (EM). The results showed that treatment of 80 g/plant vermicomposts and EM highest resulted in the growth rate parameters (plant high, leaf numbers, leaf area, roots volume, plant fresh and dry weight) and total phenolic content with 1.802%. On the other hand, the herb extracts had the highest result with the treatment of 40 g/plant vermicomposts and EM (4.96%). The antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method with TLC and showed that all treatments indicated positive antioxidant activity.
{"title":"The addition of vermicompost and biostarter affects the growth, total phenolic and antioxidant activity of Echinacea purpurea","authors":"Lutfia Fajar Choirunnisa, Y. Widiyastuti, Solichatun Solichatun, A. Yunus","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Choirunnisa LF, Widiayastuti Y, Solichatun, Yunus A. 2022. The addition of vermicompost and biostarter affects the growth, total phenolic and antioxidant activity of Echinacea purpurea. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 148-154. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench or purple coneflower is a medical plant that originated in North America and contained various bioactive compounds, one of which is phenolic. Applying organic fertilizer like vermicompost has been reported to increase plants' bioactive compounds' components and antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the addition of vermicompost and biostarter on the growth, total phenolic and antioxidant activity of E. purpurea. Split-Plot Randomized Complete Block Design was used with dosages of vermicompost 0, 40, 60, and 80 g/plant and different types of biostarter from Banana peel waste and effective microorganisms (EM). The results showed that treatment of 80 g/plant vermicomposts and EM highest resulted in the growth rate parameters (plant high, leaf numbers, leaf area, roots volume, plant fresh and dry weight) and total phenolic content with 1.802%. On the other hand, the herb extracts had the highest result with the treatment of 40 g/plant vermicomposts and EM (4.96%). The antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method with TLC and showed that all treatments indicated positive antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42336374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140201
M. Zafar, S. M. Shahid, R. F. Alshammari, M. A. Kausar, T. Ginawi, Abdul Hatim, Abdul Majeed Wadi, H. Ali, Abdulmajeed Hamed, Moath Saleh AL-ZAHRANI, A. Hussain, Abdulaziz Saud Alduhaim, A. Mohammed
Abstract. Zafar M, Shahid SMA, Alshammari RF, Kausar MA, Ginawi TAN, Hatim AW, Wadi AM, Ali H, Hamed AA, Al-Zahrani MS, Hussain A, Alduhaim AS, Mohammed A. 2022. Association of thyroid disorders with diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 135-140. Two common endocrine disorders that correlate with each other are diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction (TD). Undiagnosed thyroid disorders (TD) have a high risk for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. A common complication among these patients is cardiovascular disease. This study aims to assess the association of TD among diabetes patients. It is a cross-sectional study, and 338 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were observed through a simple random sampling method from a public sector hospital. The diabetes status of patients was confirmed through clinical and laboratory investigation. Those patients who were under treatment of thyroid were excluded from the study. The chi-square test was used for analysis, and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. The frequency of TD among diabetic patients was 47.6%. The main type of TD was subclinical hypothyroidism, and its prevalence is 43.8% and 23.5% among patients with T1DM and T2DM, respectively. Subclinical hyperthyroidism prevalences are 12.3% and 24.4% among TIDM and T2DM patients, respectively. The study found a high-frequency rate of TD among DM patients. Therefore, there is a need for regular screening of DM patients for TD and increased awareness regarding TD among DM patients.
{"title":"Association of thyroid disorders with diabetes: A cross-sectional study","authors":"M. Zafar, S. M. Shahid, R. F. Alshammari, M. A. Kausar, T. Ginawi, Abdul Hatim, Abdul Majeed Wadi, H. Ali, Abdulmajeed Hamed, Moath Saleh AL-ZAHRANI, A. Hussain, Abdulaziz Saud Alduhaim, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Zafar M, Shahid SMA, Alshammari RF, Kausar MA, Ginawi TAN, Hatim AW, Wadi AM, Ali H, Hamed AA, Al-Zahrani MS, Hussain A, Alduhaim AS, Mohammed A. 2022. Association of thyroid disorders with diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 135-140. Two common endocrine disorders that correlate with each other are diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction (TD). Undiagnosed thyroid disorders (TD) have a high risk for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. A common complication among these patients is cardiovascular disease. This study aims to assess the association of TD among diabetes patients. It is a cross-sectional study, and 338 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were observed through a simple random sampling method from a public sector hospital. The diabetes status of patients was confirmed through clinical and laboratory investigation. Those patients who were under treatment of thyroid were excluded from the study. The chi-square test was used for analysis, and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. The frequency of TD among diabetic patients was 47.6%. The main type of TD was subclinical hypothyroidism, and its prevalence is 43.8% and 23.5% among patients with T1DM and T2DM, respectively. Subclinical hyperthyroidism prevalences are 12.3% and 24.4% among TIDM and T2DM patients, respectively. The study found a high-frequency rate of TD among DM patients. Therefore, there is a need for regular screening of DM patients for TD and increased awareness regarding TD among DM patients.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47767824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140204
Hamza Mursandi, D. Susanty, L. Nurhayati, A. A. Oksari
Abstract. Mursandi H, Susanty D, Nurhayati L, Okasari AA. 2022. Short Communication: Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Chlorella sorokiniana cultured in tofu wastewater. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 155-159. Microalgae are microorganisms that grow quickly and produce secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity. Antioxidants of microalgae can be utilized in various aspects such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, supplements, and feed. Microalgae utilization will be more profitable if the microalgae can be cultured on waste media. This study aims to determine the concentration of a suitable medium for the growth of Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira & R.W.Krauss, total flavonoids, total phenolics, and the potential of ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana as an antioxidant. This study cultured the microalgae C. sorokiniana on tofu liquid waste media at various concentrations (15, 20, 25, and 30%). The growth of C. sorokiniana on the media was observed using a spectrophotometer at 680 nm wavelength. C. sorokiniana biomass was collected on the 7th day. The biomass was extracted using ethanol as a solvent. Phytochemical analysis was performed using the standard method, Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were conducted to determine the IC50 value. The results showed that the best growth of C. sorokiniana was on TLW media at a concentration of 30%. The ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and saponins. The total phenolic content in the ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana was 18.39 ± 0.29 mgGAE/g, and the total flavonoid content was 31.93 ± 5,60 mgQE/g. The IC50 of the ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana was 288.95 mg/L, which shows this extract has a potent antioxidant.
{"title":"Short Communication: Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Chlorella sorokiniana cultured in tofu wastewater","authors":"Hamza Mursandi, D. Susanty, L. Nurhayati, A. A. Oksari","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140204","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Mursandi H, Susanty D, Nurhayati L, Okasari AA. 2022. Short Communication: Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Chlorella sorokiniana cultured in tofu wastewater. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 155-159. Microalgae are microorganisms that grow quickly and produce secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity. Antioxidants of microalgae can be utilized in various aspects such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, supplements, and feed. Microalgae utilization will be more profitable if the microalgae can be cultured on waste media. This study aims to determine the concentration of a suitable medium for the growth of Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira & R.W.Krauss, total flavonoids, total phenolics, and the potential of ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana as an antioxidant. This study cultured the microalgae C. sorokiniana on tofu liquid waste media at various concentrations (15, 20, 25, and 30%). The growth of C. sorokiniana on the media was observed using a spectrophotometer at 680 nm wavelength. C. sorokiniana biomass was collected on the 7th day. The biomass was extracted using ethanol as a solvent. Phytochemical analysis was performed using the standard method, Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were conducted to determine the IC50 value. The results showed that the best growth of C. sorokiniana was on TLW media at a concentration of 30%. The ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and saponins. The total phenolic content in the ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana was 18.39 ± 0.29 mgGAE/g, and the total flavonoid content was 31.93 ± 5,60 mgQE/g. The IC50 of the ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana was 288.95 mg/L, which shows this extract has a potent antioxidant.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46474885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-04DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140116
Liqaa N. Salim, Z. Motaweq
Abstract. Zghair LS, Motaweq ZY, Lafta HC. 2022. Phenotypically and genotypically estimation of virulence factors in Salmonella serovar typhi isolated from patients with enteric fever in Al-Najaf, Iraq. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 128-133. Salmonella serovar Typhi, often known as enteric fever, causes typhoid fever and has been a major human infectious disease for centuries, surviving in poor sanitation and overcrowding. Only 64 (58.1%) Gram-negative bacteria were found from the 110 total specimens, with 46 (41.8%) Gram-positive bacteria. The 64 samples were divided into 42 (65.6%) males and 22 (34.4%) females. This work presents the isolation and identification of 64 Salmonella typhi isolates obtained from specimens. In addition, the flagellin gene was found in 64 isolated probable typhoid fever patients (fliC-d). In this study, phenotypic techniques were used to detect several virulence factors. The results showed that small colonies of L-form bacteria grow on the edges of a petri dish when one of the ?-lactam antibiotics (a class of antibiotics that includes penicillin) is given to wild-type bacteria, showing 52 (81.3%) of isolates could produce L-form and observed in 44 (68.75%). The ability to generate CFA/I and CFA/II were found in 68.7% of isolates. The large percentage of CFA produced showed CFA/III production, 64 (100%).
{"title":"Phenotypically and genotypically estimation of virulence factors in Salmonella serovar typhi isolated from patients with enteric fever in Al- Najaf, Iraq","authors":"Liqaa N. Salim, Z. Motaweq","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140116","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Zghair LS, Motaweq ZY, Lafta HC. 2022. Phenotypically and genotypically estimation of virulence factors in Salmonella serovar typhi isolated from patients with enteric fever in Al-Najaf, Iraq. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 128-133. Salmonella serovar Typhi, often known as enteric fever, causes typhoid fever and has been a major human infectious disease for centuries, surviving in poor sanitation and overcrowding. Only 64 (58.1%) Gram-negative bacteria were found from the 110 total specimens, with 46 (41.8%) Gram-positive bacteria. The 64 samples were divided into 42 (65.6%) males and 22 (34.4%) females. This work presents the isolation and identification of 64 Salmonella typhi isolates obtained from specimens. In addition, the flagellin gene was found in 64 isolated probable typhoid fever patients (fliC-d). In this study, phenotypic techniques were used to detect several virulence factors. The results showed that small colonies of L-form bacteria grow on the edges of a petri dish when one of the ?-lactam antibiotics (a class of antibiotics that includes penicillin) is given to wild-type bacteria, showing 52 (81.3%) of isolates could produce L-form and observed in 44 (68.75%). The ability to generate CFA/I and CFA/II were found in 68.7% of isolates. The large percentage of CFA produced showed CFA/III production, 64 (100%).","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48545605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-04DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140115
T. Tizhe, S. Alonge, D. N. Iortsuun, D. I. Adekpe, Kucheli Batta
Abstract. Tizhe TD, Alonge SO, Iortsuun DN, Adekpe DI, Batta K. 2022. Evaluation of effect of nicosulfuron at different time of application on the chemical component of maize (Zea mays). Nusantara Bioscience 14: 123-128. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of nicosulfuron at different concentration and time of application on the chemical compositions of maize (Zea mays L.) grain. A field experiment was conducted during the 2019 and 2020 cropping season. Using a split plot design, maize seed was planted; and four different concentrations of nicosulfuron (50, 100, 150 and 200 g/ha) were applied at 3, 5 and 7 weeks after sowing (WAS). The maize grain obtained were analyzed of its proximate, amino acids and mineral contents using a standard procedures. The results showed that both the different concentrations of nicosulfuron and its time of application had significant effect on the proximate compositions except on the ash content. The 5 WAS application time had the significantly highest content of protein, crude fibre and moisture with 11.35, 2.60 and 12.01% respectively; and lowest of carbohydrate (70.58%) and crude fat (2.33%). The nicosulfuron was also observed to have a significant effect on all the amino acids and mineral (except on N) contents of the maize grain with 100 g/ha recording the significantly highest content of almost all the amino acids; and 50 g/ha the lowest. The 5 WAS had the highest of virtually all the amino acids; while 3 WAS the lowest. Therefore, nicosulfuron and time of application both have a significant effect on the proximate, amino acids and Mg and Ca components of maize grain; which means that the use of nicosulfuron at concentrations especially above 100 g/ha and at time other than 5 WAS negatively affect the chemical components of maize grain.
{"title":"Evaluation of effect of nicosulfuron at different time of application on the chemical component of maize (Zea mays)","authors":"T. Tizhe, S. Alonge, D. N. Iortsuun, D. I. Adekpe, Kucheli Batta","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140115","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Tizhe TD, Alonge SO, Iortsuun DN, Adekpe DI, Batta K. 2022. Evaluation of effect of nicosulfuron at different time of application on the chemical component of maize (Zea mays). Nusantara Bioscience 14: 123-128. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of nicosulfuron at different concentration and time of application on the chemical compositions of maize (Zea mays L.) grain. A field experiment was conducted during the 2019 and 2020 cropping season. Using a split plot design, maize seed was planted; and four different concentrations of nicosulfuron (50, 100, 150 and 200 g/ha) were applied at 3, 5 and 7 weeks after sowing (WAS). The maize grain obtained were analyzed of its proximate, amino acids and mineral contents using a standard procedures. The results showed that both the different concentrations of nicosulfuron and its time of application had significant effect on the proximate compositions except on the ash content. The 5 WAS application time had the significantly highest content of protein, crude fibre and moisture with 11.35, 2.60 and 12.01% respectively; and lowest of carbohydrate (70.58%) and crude fat (2.33%). The nicosulfuron was also observed to have a significant effect on all the amino acids and mineral (except on N) contents of the maize grain with 100 g/ha recording the significantly highest content of almost all the amino acids; and 50 g/ha the lowest. The 5 WAS had the highest of virtually all the amino acids; while 3 WAS the lowest. Therefore, nicosulfuron and time of application both have a significant effect on the proximate, amino acids and Mg and Ca components of maize grain; which means that the use of nicosulfuron at concentrations especially above 100 g/ha and at time other than 5 WAS negatively affect the chemical components of maize grain.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42228291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-04DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140114
Shafa Geulistia Nurani, Nafasya Negiy Deluna, P. Nabila, S. Falah
Abstract. Nurani SG, Deluna NN, Nabila P, Falah S. 2022. Effectiveness of gel formulation of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) bark extract and its potential as an anti-inflammatory in white male rats (Rattus norvegicus). Nusantara Bioscience 14: 117-121. Mahogany bark contains phytochemical compounds that have anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of gel formulation of mahogany bark extract in-vivo. Gel formulations of 96% ethanol extract of mahogany bark at different concentrations were tested for anti-inflammatory activity on the paws of rats induced by 1% carrageenan. The data observed were the thickness of the foot edema of rats. Positive control was anti-inflammatory drugs (Desoximetasone), and negative control was the gel formulation without extract. Data on the thickness of rat paw edema were analyzed using the ANOVA test. The results of the anti-inflammatory test showed that gel formulation 2 with an extract concentration of 10% had a thickness reduction value of 41.83%, which was not significantly different from the positive control treatment of 44.38%. The results of the dispersion test showed that formulation 2 and formulation 3 had good dispersibility as suggested in SNI, and all gel formulations had good adhesion. Based on these results, it was concluded that formulation 2 was the most effective in reducing rat paw edema.
{"title":"Effectiveness of gel formulation of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) bark extract and its potential as an anti-inflammatory in white male rats (Rattus norvegicus)","authors":"Shafa Geulistia Nurani, Nafasya Negiy Deluna, P. Nabila, S. Falah","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140114","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Nurani SG, Deluna NN, Nabila P, Falah S. 2022. Effectiveness of gel formulation of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) bark extract and its potential as an anti-inflammatory in white male rats (Rattus norvegicus). Nusantara Bioscience 14: 117-121. Mahogany bark contains phytochemical compounds that have anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of gel formulation of mahogany bark extract in-vivo. Gel formulations of 96% ethanol extract of mahogany bark at different concentrations were tested for anti-inflammatory activity on the paws of rats induced by 1% carrageenan. The data observed were the thickness of the foot edema of rats. Positive control was anti-inflammatory drugs (Desoximetasone), and negative control was the gel formulation without extract. Data on the thickness of rat paw edema were analyzed using the ANOVA test. The results of the anti-inflammatory test showed that gel formulation 2 with an extract concentration of 10% had a thickness reduction value of 41.83%, which was not significantly different from the positive control treatment of 44.38%. The results of the dispersion test showed that formulation 2 and formulation 3 had good dispersibility as suggested in SNI, and all gel formulations had good adhesion. Based on these results, it was concluded that formulation 2 was the most effective in reducing rat paw edema.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48370232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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