Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140113
Amare Desalegn, M. C. Egigu, J. Sasikumar
Abstract. Desalegn A, Egigu MC, Sasikumar JM. 2022. Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by ethnic people of Gechi District, South West Oromia, Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 104-116. This study recorded medicinal plants used by ethnic people of Gechi District, Buno Bedele zone of South West Oromia region, Ethiopia. Data were collected from 386 informants through semi-structured interviews, guided field observations, and focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics and quantitative ethnobotanical indices were used to analyze the data. Moreover, an independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were employed to analyze the effect of Socio-demographic traits on traditional medicinal knowledge. The study documented 70 medicinal plant species belonging to 61 genera and 36 families. The majority of the plants (83.7%) were used to treat human ailments. Asteraceae (7 species) mostly represented the family. Most of the plants collected were shrubs (32.9 %), followed by herbs (25.7%). Leaves (42.3%) represented the highest part for remedy preparation. The dominant route of administration of remedies was Oral (56%). Jaccard’s similarity index (JI) showed a high degree of similarities (JI = 0.75-0.91) among the Kebeles. The highest Informant consensus factor (ICF) value (0.73) was detected for the sensory organs category illnesses. Juniperus procera Hochst. ex. Endl. was observed with the highest fidelity level (FL) index value (0.97) for the wound. The highest preference ranking (PR) was adjudged to Ruta chalepensis L. for stomach ache. Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. was top-ranked as a multipurpose plant in direct matrix ranking (DR). It was observed that the Traditional Knowledge (TK) of medicinal plants was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by gender, age, and educational level of the people. Therefore, our documentation of TK on medicinal plants possessed by the people of the studied area could help preserve their knowledge for extensive use.
{"title":"Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by ethnic people of Gechi District, South West Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Amare Desalegn, M. C. Egigu, J. Sasikumar","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140113","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Desalegn A, Egigu MC, Sasikumar JM. 2022. Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by ethnic people of Gechi District, South West Oromia, Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 104-116. This study recorded medicinal plants used by ethnic people of Gechi District, Buno Bedele zone of South West Oromia region, Ethiopia. Data were collected from 386 informants through semi-structured interviews, guided field observations, and focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics and quantitative ethnobotanical indices were used to analyze the data. Moreover, an independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were employed to analyze the effect of Socio-demographic traits on traditional medicinal knowledge. The study documented 70 medicinal plant species belonging to 61 genera and 36 families. The majority of the plants (83.7%) were used to treat human ailments. Asteraceae (7 species) mostly represented the family. Most of the plants collected were shrubs (32.9 %), followed by herbs (25.7%). Leaves (42.3%) represented the highest part for remedy preparation. The dominant route of administration of remedies was Oral (56%). Jaccard’s similarity index (JI) showed a high degree of similarities (JI = 0.75-0.91) among the Kebeles. The highest Informant consensus factor (ICF) value (0.73) was detected for the sensory organs category illnesses. Juniperus procera Hochst. ex. Endl. was observed with the highest fidelity level (FL) index value (0.97) for the wound. The highest preference ranking (PR) was adjudged to Ruta chalepensis L. for stomach ache. Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. was top-ranked as a multipurpose plant in direct matrix ranking (DR). It was observed that the Traditional Knowledge (TK) of medicinal plants was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by gender, age, and educational level of the people. Therefore, our documentation of TK on medicinal plants possessed by the people of the studied area could help preserve their knowledge for extensive use.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47012157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140112
Chamodi Lakmini Thisera Sandanayake, S. Weerakoon, N. Karthikeyan, S. Somaratne
Abstract. Sandanayake CLT, Weerakoon SR, Karthikeyan N, Somaratne S. 2022. Yield performances of rice varieties (Oryza sativa) under nano-CuO and nano-ZnO micronutrient fertilizers. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 95-103. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major staple food in the world. There is an extreme need for higher rice yield to meet the ever-increasing demand with the rise in population despite the hampering impact of climatic changes. Nanotechnology plays a potential role in food security and introduces nano fertilizers as an alternative to conventional fertilizers. Therefore, the present research was carried out to determine the effects of nano micronutrient fertilizers; nano-CuO, and nano-ZnO on the yield of selected rice varieties, Bg360, BW364, Kaluheenati, and Kuruluthuda. Sol-gel and thermal decomposition methods synthesized nano-fertilizers used in the study. Nano-ZnO, nano-CuO, and nano-CuO-ZnO composite treatments were applied as a foliar spray at concentrations of 30 mg L-1 (T1), 60 mg L-1 (T2), and 120 mg L-1 (T3) and double deionized water served as the control (T0). The synthesized nano-fertilizers were applied during the growth stage [at 48-58 days after sowing (DAS)] and grain filling stage [100-105 DAS], while the plants were provided with appropriate levels of N, P, and K fertilizers, as recommended by Department of Agriculture. A Complete Randomized Block Design was employed with three blocks and five replicates in each block. The Yield parameters were recorded at the harvesting stage. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard error of mean and inferential statistics were performed on the data obtained. ANOVA with interaction terms was performed to assess the significant differences between the treatments. The descriptive analyses show an increase in the yield of the rice varieties under the application of nano-fertilizers. ANOVA suggests a significant effect (p ? 0.05) of nano-CuO and nano-ZnO on the yield of rice varieties used in the study. Both traditional and inbred rice varieties indicated yield response to applied nano-fertilizers.
{"title":"Yield performances of rice varieties (Oryza sativa) under nano-CuO and nano-ZnO micronutrient fertilizers","authors":"Chamodi Lakmini Thisera Sandanayake, S. Weerakoon, N. Karthikeyan, S. Somaratne","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sandanayake CLT, Weerakoon SR, Karthikeyan N, Somaratne S. 2022. Yield performances of rice varieties (Oryza sativa) under nano-CuO and nano-ZnO micronutrient fertilizers. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 95-103. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major staple food in the world. There is an extreme need for higher rice yield to meet the ever-increasing demand with the rise in population despite the hampering impact of climatic changes. Nanotechnology plays a potential role in food security and introduces nano fertilizers as an alternative to conventional fertilizers. Therefore, the present research was carried out to determine the effects of nano micronutrient fertilizers; nano-CuO, and nano-ZnO on the yield of selected rice varieties, Bg360, BW364, Kaluheenati, and Kuruluthuda. Sol-gel and thermal decomposition methods synthesized nano-fertilizers used in the study. Nano-ZnO, nano-CuO, and nano-CuO-ZnO composite treatments were applied as a foliar spray at concentrations of 30 mg L-1 (T1), 60 mg L-1 (T2), and 120 mg L-1 (T3) and double deionized water served as the control (T0). The synthesized nano-fertilizers were applied during the growth stage [at 48-58 days after sowing (DAS)] and grain filling stage [100-105 DAS], while the plants were provided with appropriate levels of N, P, and K fertilizers, as recommended by Department of Agriculture. A Complete Randomized Block Design was employed with three blocks and five replicates in each block. The Yield parameters were recorded at the harvesting stage. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard error of mean and inferential statistics were performed on the data obtained. ANOVA with interaction terms was performed to assess the significant differences between the treatments. The descriptive analyses show an increase in the yield of the rice varieties under the application of nano-fertilizers. ANOVA suggests a significant effect (p ? 0.05) of nano-CuO and nano-ZnO on the yield of rice varieties used in the study. Both traditional and inbred rice varieties indicated yield response to applied nano-fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42050281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-15DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140111
Yudiyanto Yudiyanto, Nasrul Hakim, Anisatu Z. Wakhidah
Abstract. Yudiyanto, Hakim N, Wakhidah AZ. 2022. Ethnobotany of medicinal plants from Lampung Tribe around Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 84-94. The local communities of the Lampung Tribe around Way Kambas National Park (TNWK), Lampung, Indonesia, utilize forest resources through local community knowledge. However, cultural modernization is the potential to lead to the erosion of people's traditional knowledge. Therefore, this study is essential to be conducted. This study aimed to inventory medicinal plant species and describe local communities' knowledge of the use of medicinal plants. Semi-structured interviews and observations collected ethnobotanical data. The results were presented in a table and diagram and then analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that as many as 69 species of medicinal plants belonging to 39 families were used by the local community of the Lampung Tribe around the TNWK area. Zingiberaceae was the family with the highest number of species. Leaves were the plant part that was mostly used by the local community. Boiling was the most widely used mode of preparation. The Lampung Tribe uses plants to treat various diseases grouped into external and internal diseases. The local community frequently experiences external diseases.
{"title":"Ethnobotany of medicinal plants from Lampung Tribe around Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia","authors":"Yudiyanto Yudiyanto, Nasrul Hakim, Anisatu Z. Wakhidah","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140111","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Yudiyanto, Hakim N, Wakhidah AZ. 2022. Ethnobotany of medicinal plants from Lampung Tribe around Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 84-94. The local communities of the Lampung Tribe around Way Kambas National Park (TNWK), Lampung, Indonesia, utilize forest resources through local community knowledge. However, cultural modernization is the potential to lead to the erosion of people's traditional knowledge. Therefore, this study is essential to be conducted. This study aimed to inventory medicinal plant species and describe local communities' knowledge of the use of medicinal plants. Semi-structured interviews and observations collected ethnobotanical data. The results were presented in a table and diagram and then analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that as many as 69 species of medicinal plants belonging to 39 families were used by the local community of the Lampung Tribe around the TNWK area. Zingiberaceae was the family with the highest number of species. Leaves were the plant part that was mostly used by the local community. Boiling was the most widely used mode of preparation. The Lampung Tribe uses plants to treat various diseases grouped into external and internal diseases. The local community frequently experiences external diseases.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48360894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140110
Z. Motaweq
Abstract. Motaweq ZY. 2022. Prevalence of ?-lactamase produced in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from gingivitis in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 78-83. This study provides phenotypic and genotypic ?-lactamase formation data on 26 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from patients suffering from gingivitis checked at Al-Kafeel clinic and private clinic in Al-Najaf Province-Iraq during the period from September 2020 to February 2021. In this study, some of them were detected by traditional phenotypic methods, while others were detected by phenotypic and then genotypically by using monoplex-PCR technique. The results revealed that out of 14 ?-lactam resistance K. pneumoniae isolates, 8 isolates (57.1%) gave positive results with the direct capillary tubes method, while 12 ?-lactam resistance E. cloacae gave 6 (50%) positive results. This result indicated that the enzymatic resistance was prevalent among isolates. Furthermore, the results showed that most isolates were ESBL producers according to initial and confirmatory methods. Molecular amplification of the ?-lactamase enzyme blaSHV gene was detected in 8 (57.1%) and 5 (41.6%) for K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae, respectively. While all 100% of K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae isolates gave negative results for blaGES gene. This study aimed to investigate the ?-lactamase formation and detection of blaSHV and blaGES genes in K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae isolated from gingivitis diseases.
{"title":"Prevalence of b-lactamase produced in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from gingivitis in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq","authors":"Z. Motaweq","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Motaweq ZY. 2022. Prevalence of ?-lactamase produced in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from gingivitis in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 78-83. This study provides phenotypic and genotypic ?-lactamase formation data on 26 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from patients suffering from gingivitis checked at Al-Kafeel clinic and private clinic in Al-Najaf Province-Iraq during the period from September 2020 to February 2021. In this study, some of them were detected by traditional phenotypic methods, while others were detected by phenotypic and then genotypically by using monoplex-PCR technique. The results revealed that out of 14 ?-lactam resistance K. pneumoniae isolates, 8 isolates (57.1%) gave positive results with the direct capillary tubes method, while 12 ?-lactam resistance E. cloacae gave 6 (50%) positive results. This result indicated that the enzymatic resistance was prevalent among isolates. Furthermore, the results showed that most isolates were ESBL producers according to initial and confirmatory methods. Molecular amplification of the ?-lactamase enzyme blaSHV gene was detected in 8 (57.1%) and 5 (41.6%) for K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae, respectively. While all 100% of K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae isolates gave negative results for blaGES gene. This study aimed to investigate the ?-lactamase formation and detection of blaSHV and blaGES genes in K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae isolated from gingivitis diseases.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48819024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140109
Mohammed Ahmed AL-KARAMI, M. Al-Rufaie
Abstract. Al-Karami MA, Al-Rufaie MM. 2022. Colorimetric estimation of vancomycin using modified silver nanoparticles and implementing it on various types of pharmaceutical perpetrations. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 70-77. The current research proposes a simple, quick, and sensitive method for determining the pure state of vancomycin (Van) and several of its medicinal formulations. The antibiotic (Van) is an effective reduction agent for diluting the ore mineral salt from silver nitrate (Ag+) to silver nanoparticles. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a stabilizer in a medium using sodium hydroxide as a base. The highest absorption of the vancomycin oxidation-reduction product occurs at 440 nm. The calibration curve is measured, and the following data is generated, indicating that the Beer-Lambert Law is followed within the concentration range of 2.5-70 parts per million. Sandal's molar absorptivity was 2.0043 x 104 L/mol.cm, and its sensitivity was 0.0723 g/cm2. The correlation coefficient was 0.9987, and the standard deviation rate was 0.402%. The biological influence of several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was researched, and the efficacy of the samples prepared on these bacteria has shown to be promising.
{"title":"Colorimetric estimation of vancomycin using modified silver nanoparticles and implementing it on various types of pharmaceutical perpetrations","authors":"Mohammed Ahmed AL-KARAMI, M. Al-Rufaie","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140109","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Al-Karami MA, Al-Rufaie MM. 2022. Colorimetric estimation of vancomycin using modified silver nanoparticles and implementing it on various types of pharmaceutical perpetrations. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 70-77. The current research proposes a simple, quick, and sensitive method for determining the pure state of vancomycin (Van) and several of its medicinal formulations. The antibiotic (Van) is an effective reduction agent for diluting the ore mineral salt from silver nitrate (Ag+) to silver nanoparticles. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a stabilizer in a medium using sodium hydroxide as a base. The highest absorption of the vancomycin oxidation-reduction product occurs at 440 nm. The calibration curve is measured, and the following data is generated, indicating that the Beer-Lambert Law is followed within the concentration range of 2.5-70 parts per million. Sandal's molar absorptivity was 2.0043 x 104 L/mol.cm, and its sensitivity was 0.0723 g/cm2. The correlation coefficient was 0.9987, and the standard deviation rate was 0.402%. The biological influence of several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was researched, and the efficacy of the samples prepared on these bacteria has shown to be promising.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48525305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140106
I. P. Putra, T. Aimi, N. Shimomura
Abstract. Putra IP, Aimi, T, Shimomura N. 2022. Short Communication: Thromboplerous hyphae of the ectomycorrhizal mushroom Rhizopogon roseolus with and without a host tree. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 47-52. Thromboplerous hyphae are modified hyphae found in the basidiocarp of many agarics. However, data on their development and function as well as on their formation in pure cultures of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms are scarce. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cytological descriptions of thromboplerous hyphae from pure cultures of Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th.M. Fr. with or without the host pine tree Pinus thunbergii Parl. Thromboplerous hyphae formed on the mycelium and mycelial cords in all experimental settings. Results revealed that thromboplerous hyphae were extremely melanized, smooth, cracked on the surface, and swollen at both hyphal termini. Thromboplerous hyphae produced with a host were mainly unbranched in shape in contrast to those formed without a host that possessed additional twisted, semi-twisted, and branched forms. Some thromboplerous hyphae that grew without a host had large diameters, and few showed notable septa and clamp connections. The present study also provides evidence of the initial development of thromboplerous hyphae via vegetative hyphae and tubular hyphae. This study contributes to understanding the cytology of thromboplerous hyphae grown with and without a host tree. Further investigations on the specific functions of thromboplerous hyphae are needed to deepen the current knowledge of fungal cytology.
{"title":"Short Communication: Thromboplerous hyphae of the ectomycorrhizal mushroom Rhizopogon roseolus with and without a host tree","authors":"I. P. Putra, T. Aimi, N. Shimomura","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Putra IP, Aimi, T, Shimomura N. 2022. Short Communication: Thromboplerous hyphae of the ectomycorrhizal mushroom Rhizopogon roseolus with and without a host tree. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 47-52. Thromboplerous hyphae are modified hyphae found in the basidiocarp of many agarics. However, data on their development and function as well as on their formation in pure cultures of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms are scarce. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cytological descriptions of thromboplerous hyphae from pure cultures of Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th.M. Fr. with or without the host pine tree Pinus thunbergii Parl. Thromboplerous hyphae formed on the mycelium and mycelial cords in all experimental settings. Results revealed that thromboplerous hyphae were extremely melanized, smooth, cracked on the surface, and swollen at both hyphal termini. Thromboplerous hyphae produced with a host were mainly unbranched in shape in contrast to those formed without a host that possessed additional twisted, semi-twisted, and branched forms. Some thromboplerous hyphae that grew without a host had large diameters, and few showed notable septa and clamp connections. The present study also provides evidence of the initial development of thromboplerous hyphae via vegetative hyphae and tubular hyphae. This study contributes to understanding the cytology of thromboplerous hyphae grown with and without a host tree. Further investigations on the specific functions of thromboplerous hyphae are needed to deepen the current knowledge of fungal cytology.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41512158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140108
Bhavika Kunwar, V. Jain, S. Verma
Moringa oleifera Lam. (Family Moringaceae) is a medium sized perennial tree, commonly known as drumstick tree, horse raddish tree, miracle tree, sahjan, shobhanjana, munga arak, etc., in different languages. Leaves, flowers and pods of the plant are edible. Various parts of the plant are utilized for treatment of several diseases by ethnic communities, including heart ailments. Leaves and flowers of M. oleifera were assessed for preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis and in vitro thrombolytic potential. Preliminary phytochemical screening has shown presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, amino acids and carbohydrates in leaves and flowers of M. oleifera. Two types of methanolic extracts of both leaves (MEL-I and MEL-II) and flowers (MEF-I and MEF-II) were used for assessment of percent clot lysis. A significant in vitro clot lysis activity of MEL-I (36.64±1.55%), MEL-II (41.40±2.02%) and MEF-I (19.07±2.36%) and MEF-II (20.52±1.51%) was demonstrated in a concentration of one mg/ml as compared to negative control distilled water and positive control streptokinase for the first time. The edible plant's observed thrombolytic potential may be employed to prevent athero-thrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Further investigations are required to isolate the bioactive molecule responsible for the thrombolytic action.
{"title":"In vitro thrombolytic activity of Moringa oleifera","authors":"Bhavika Kunwar, V. Jain, S. Verma","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140108","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera Lam. (Family Moringaceae) is a medium sized perennial tree, commonly known as drumstick tree, horse raddish tree, miracle tree, sahjan, shobhanjana, munga arak, etc., in different languages. Leaves, flowers and pods of the plant are edible. Various parts of the plant are utilized for treatment of several diseases by ethnic communities, including heart ailments. Leaves and flowers of M. oleifera were assessed for preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis and in vitro thrombolytic potential. Preliminary phytochemical screening has shown presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, amino acids and carbohydrates in leaves and flowers of M. oleifera. Two types of methanolic extracts of both leaves (MEL-I and MEL-II) and flowers (MEF-I and MEF-II) were used for assessment of percent clot lysis. A significant in vitro clot lysis activity of MEL-I (36.64±1.55%), MEL-II (41.40±2.02%) and MEF-I (19.07±2.36%) and MEF-II (20.52±1.51%) was demonstrated in a concentration of one mg/ml as compared to negative control distilled water and positive control streptokinase for the first time. The edible plant's observed thrombolytic potential may be employed to prevent athero-thrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Further investigations are required to isolate the bioactive molecule responsible for the thrombolytic action.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44614066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140107
Ajay Kumar, A. Tapwal
Abstract. Kumar A, Tapwal A. 2022. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root colonization in Polygonatum verticillatum. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 53-63. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. was investigated in two sites of Himachal Himalaya, India. A total of 15 AMF species were isolated and identified from the rhizosphere soil of P. verticillatum. The spore density was 1.48 ± 1.91 and 3.99 ± 3.78 per 20 gram of rhizosphere soil at site-I and site-II, respectively. Mycorrhizal colonization in the roots of P. verticillatum was recorded 46.12 and 52.23 percent at site-I and site-II, respectively. The mycorrhizal structures like darkly stained endophytic hyphae, coiled intracellular hyphae, Y-shaped hyphae and ‘H’ connection (Arum type) were recorded.
{"title":"Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root colonization in Polygonatum verticillatum","authors":"Ajay Kumar, A. Tapwal","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140107","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Kumar A, Tapwal A. 2022. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root colonization in Polygonatum verticillatum. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 53-63. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. was investigated in two sites of Himachal Himalaya, India. A total of 15 AMF species were isolated and identified from the rhizosphere soil of P. verticillatum. The spore density was 1.48 ± 1.91 and 3.99 ± 3.78 per 20 gram of rhizosphere soil at site-I and site-II, respectively. Mycorrhizal colonization in the roots of P. verticillatum was recorded 46.12 and 52.23 percent at site-I and site-II, respectively. The mycorrhizal structures like darkly stained endophytic hyphae, coiled intracellular hyphae, Y-shaped hyphae and ‘H’ connection (Arum type) were recorded.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44291770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140105
Michael Sunday Abu, O. Yakubu, Job Itanyi Onuche, Silas V. Tatah
Abstract. Abu MS, Yakubu OE, Onuche JI, Tatah SV. 2022. Antioxidant potency of n-butanol fraction on Ficus glumosa leaves against oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride in the kidneys of rats. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 40-46. The kidneys play several essential roles in the body, including regulating the water and ions reabsorb from glomerular filtrate in kidney tubules. It is controlled by several hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, and angiotensin II. This report presented the repairing effect of n- butanol fraction of Ficus glumosa Delile on nephrotoxicity induced by CCl4 in rats. Rats were divided into 7 groups of 5 animals each. Group 1 and 2 were used as normal and vehicle controls, respectively. Group 3 was induced but treated with neither extract nor standard drug. However, Groups 3, 4, and 5 were induced by CCl4 and administered with varying doses of the n-butanol fraction. Group 6 was induced by CCl4 and treated with a standard antioxidant drug. The results showed that treatments with an n-butanol fraction of F. glumosa leaves and silymarin significantly (p<0.05) restore the activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT comparable to normal values, i.e., 2.10±0.07 U/L, 43.8±2.49 U/L, and 34.2±2.59 U/L, respectively. In addition, the treatments reduce the MDA level in the kidney of rats treated with n-butanol fraction comparable to 0.34±0.05 mmol/L in the normal rats. Similarly, there was a significant (p<0.05) reduction of urea from 5.24 mg/dL to 3.5 mg/dL (standard value) in the treated groups. Creatinine significantly (p<0.05) reduced from 71.2 mg/dL in the treated groups to 43.3 mg/dL in the normal group. Electrolytes, Na+, K+, and Cl- levels in the CCl4-induced rats after administration of n-butanol fraction of F. glumosa leaves significantly (p<0.05) decreased to 137.8±2.59 mmol/L, 3.98±0.54 mmol/L, and 92.8±1.92 mmol/L respectively. The significant reversal of the rats' biochemical parameters can be ascribed to the ameliorative potency of the n-butanol fraction of methanol extract of F. glumosa leaves on the glomerular and tubular cells, which may have improved renal function in the injured kidney.
{"title":"Antioxidant potency of n-butanol fraction of Ficus glumosa leaves against oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride in the kidneys of rats","authors":"Michael Sunday Abu, O. Yakubu, Job Itanyi Onuche, Silas V. Tatah","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Abu MS, Yakubu OE, Onuche JI, Tatah SV. 2022. Antioxidant potency of n-butanol fraction on Ficus glumosa leaves against oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride in the kidneys of rats. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 40-46. The kidneys play several essential roles in the body, including regulating the water and ions reabsorb from glomerular filtrate in kidney tubules. It is controlled by several hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, and angiotensin II. This report presented the repairing effect of n- butanol fraction of Ficus glumosa Delile on nephrotoxicity induced by CCl4 in rats. Rats were divided into 7 groups of 5 animals each. Group 1 and 2 were used as normal and vehicle controls, respectively. Group 3 was induced but treated with neither extract nor standard drug. However, Groups 3, 4, and 5 were induced by CCl4 and administered with varying doses of the n-butanol fraction. Group 6 was induced by CCl4 and treated with a standard antioxidant drug. The results showed that treatments with an n-butanol fraction of F. glumosa leaves and silymarin significantly (p<0.05) restore the activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT comparable to normal values, i.e., 2.10±0.07 U/L, 43.8±2.49 U/L, and 34.2±2.59 U/L, respectively. In addition, the treatments reduce the MDA level in the kidney of rats treated with n-butanol fraction comparable to 0.34±0.05 mmol/L in the normal rats. Similarly, there was a significant (p<0.05) reduction of urea from 5.24 mg/dL to 3.5 mg/dL (standard value) in the treated groups. Creatinine significantly (p<0.05) reduced from 71.2 mg/dL in the treated groups to 43.3 mg/dL in the normal group. Electrolytes, Na+, K+, and Cl- levels in the CCl4-induced rats after administration of n-butanol fraction of F. glumosa leaves significantly (p<0.05) decreased to 137.8±2.59 mmol/L, 3.98±0.54 mmol/L, and 92.8±1.92 mmol/L respectively. The significant reversal of the rats' biochemical parameters can be ascribed to the ameliorative potency of the n-butanol fraction of methanol extract of F. glumosa leaves on the glomerular and tubular cells, which may have improved renal function in the injured kidney.","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44237169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140104
Nilahayati Nilahayati, Nazimah Nazimah, R. S. Handayani, Jaka Syahputra, Muhammad Rizky
Abstract. Nilahayati, Nazimah, Handayani RDS, Syahputra J, Rizky M. 2022. Agronomic diversity of several soybean putative mutant lines resulting from gamma-rays irradiation in M6 generation. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 34-39. Soybean is one of the foremost commodities for Indonesian people. Therefore, increasing domestic production absolutely must continue to be pursued. One way that can be done is to use the assembly technology of new superior varieties with better and adaptive properties. This study aims to determine the agronomic diversity and yield of soybean putative mutant lines resulting from gamma irradiation in M6 ??generation. The research was conducted in Paloh Lada Village, Dewantara District, Aceh Utara Regency, Indonesia, from July 2021 to October 2021. The tested genotypes consisted of 8 genotypes, namely Kipas Putih variety (parent variety), Anjasmoro variety (comparison variety), M.1.1.3, M.5.2.1, M.5.2.3, M.1.1.8, M.1.1.9 and M.1.1.17 mutant lines. The results showed that the agronomic diversity of the tested mutants was different compared with the parents and comparison variety. We obtained early maturity and high yielding mutant in M7 ??generation. The mutant lines with high yield and equivalent to its parents was M.1.1.8 with a production of 4.37 tha-1. Mutant lines with early maturity were M.1.1.9, M.5.2.1 and M.1.1.3 lines with a harvesting age of 83 days after planting (DAP).
{"title":"Agronomic diversity of several soybean putative mutant lines resulting from gamma-rays irradiation in M6 generation","authors":"Nilahayati Nilahayati, Nazimah Nazimah, R. S. Handayani, Jaka Syahputra, Muhammad Rizky","doi":"10.13057/nusbiosci/n140104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n140104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Nilahayati, Nazimah, Handayani RDS, Syahputra J, Rizky M. 2022. Agronomic diversity of several soybean putative mutant lines resulting from gamma-rays irradiation in M6 generation. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 34-39. Soybean is one of the foremost commodities for Indonesian people. Therefore, increasing domestic production absolutely must continue to be pursued. One way that can be done is to use the assembly technology of new superior varieties with better and adaptive properties. This study aims to determine the agronomic diversity and yield of soybean putative mutant lines resulting from gamma irradiation in M6 ??generation. The research was conducted in Paloh Lada Village, Dewantara District, Aceh Utara Regency, Indonesia, from July 2021 to October 2021. The tested genotypes consisted of 8 genotypes, namely Kipas Putih variety (parent variety), Anjasmoro variety (comparison variety), M.1.1.3, M.5.2.1, M.5.2.3, M.1.1.8, M.1.1.9 and M.1.1.17 mutant lines. The results showed that the agronomic diversity of the tested mutants was different compared with the parents and comparison variety. We obtained early maturity and high yielding mutant in M7 ??generation. The mutant lines with high yield and equivalent to its parents was M.1.1.8 with a production of 4.37 tha-1. Mutant lines with early maturity were M.1.1.9, M.5.2.1 and M.1.1.3 lines with a harvesting age of 83 days after planting (DAP).","PeriodicalId":19481,"journal":{"name":"Nusantara Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42959006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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