Children with normal-weight obesity (NWO) are at increased risk of obesity, and poor diet quality can worsen this condition in the long term. This study aimed to analyze the influence of diet (via the NOVA classification and the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index [C-DII]) on the transition of obesity phenotypes from childhood to adolescence.
Methods
This was a cohort study the baseline of which was carried out on 378 children aged 8–9 y in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, during 2015–2016. The same participants were re-evaluated during adolescence (15–18 y) between 2022 and 2024 (n = 277). Weight status was assessed against body mass index and age. Those with normal weight were classified as NWO (high body fat, assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) or as normal-weight lean (NWL; without excess body fat). Food consumption was evaluated at baseline by three 24-h dietary recalls.
Results
The incidences of NWO and excess weight were 36.28% and 8.51%, respectively. Children with NWO presented a higher risk of excess weight in adolescence compared with NWL (relative risk = 2.89; 95% confidence interval: 1.20, 6.98). Children with a higher consumption of culinary ingredients and a lower consumption of processed foods, ultra-processed foods, and C-DII showed decreases in body fat (from NWO to NWL) during adolescence. Children with a higher consumption of processed foods showed increases in body fat (from NWL to NWO, and from NWO to excess weight) during adolescence.
Conclusions
Improved diet quality in childhood was associated with decreased body fat in adolescence, regardless of body mass index. These findings demonstrate the importance of reducing the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods during childhood.
{"title":"Evaluation of obesity phenotypes from childhood to adolescence: Does diet quality in childhood matter? (PASE Study–Brazil)","authors":"Bruna Clemente Cota Ph.D. , Mariana de Santis Filgueiras Ph.D. , Leidjaira Lopes Juvanhol Ph.D. , Patrícia Feliciano Pereira Ph.D. , Juliana Farias de Novaes Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Children with normal-weight obesity (NWO) are at increased risk of obesity, and poor diet quality can worsen this condition in the long term. This study aimed to analyze the influence of diet (via the NOVA classification and the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index [C-DII]) on the transition of obesity phenotypes from childhood to adolescence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cohort study the baseline of which was carried out on 378 children aged 8–9 y in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, during 2015–2016. The same participants were re-evaluated during adolescence (15–18 y) between 2022 and 2024 (n = 277). Weight status was assessed against body mass index and age. Those with normal weight were classified as NWO (high body fat, assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) or as normal-weight lean (NWL; without excess body fat). Food consumption was evaluated at baseline by three 24-h dietary recalls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The incidences of NWO and excess weight were 36.28% and 8.51%, respectively. Children with NWO presented a higher risk of excess weight in adolescence compared with NWL (relative risk = 2.89; 95% confidence interval: 1.20, 6.98). Children with a higher consumption of culinary ingredients and a lower consumption of processed foods, ultra-processed foods, and C-DII showed decreases in body fat (from NWO to NWL) during adolescence. Children with a higher consumption of processed foods showed increases in body fat (from NWL to NWO, and from NWO to excess weight) during adolescence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Improved diet quality in childhood was associated with decreased body fat in adolescence, regardless of body mass index. These findings demonstrate the importance of reducing the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods during childhood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113027"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.113025
Saleha Abdusamed Mohammed B.Sc., M.Sc., Ebrahim Hassen Aden B.Sc., M.Sc., Kalid Hassen Ibrahim B.Sc., M.Sc.
Background
School-aged children in resource-limited settings remain understudied in nutrition research, despite the well-documented effects of malnutrition on cognitive development and academic achievement.
Objective
To examine the associations between anthropometric status, household dietary diversity (DD), and academic performance among primary school children in Jigjiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia.
Methods
A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 345 children aged 5 to 15 y, selected through stratified random sampling from five urban schools. Nutritional status was assessed using WHO z-scores for height-for-age (stunting), weight-for-age (underweight), and BMI-for-age (wasting). Household DD was measured using the Household Dietary Diversity Score, and academic performance was assessed from standardized school records. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 25, and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with nutritional and academic outcomes.
Results
Undernutrition was prevalent, with 28.2% of children underweight, particularly girls and those aged 5 to 7 y. Although most households reported adequate DD, children from families with low diversity consistently showed poorer academic performance. Normal nutritional status was associated with better educational outcomes. Parental characteristics also mattered: government employment and higher paternal education were linked with improved nutritional status in children.
Conclusions
Undernutrition, especially underweight, significantly affects school-aged children in Jigjiga, particularly girls and younger children. DD and parental socioeconomic conditions strongly correlate with children’s nutritional status and academic performance. These findings suggest the need for targeted, school-based nutrition programs and context-specific interventions, though causal relationships cannot be inferred from this cross-sectional study.
{"title":"Nutritional status and dietary diversity as determinants of academic performance among primary school children in Jigjiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Saleha Abdusamed Mohammed B.Sc., M.Sc., Ebrahim Hassen Aden B.Sc., M.Sc., Kalid Hassen Ibrahim B.Sc., M.Sc.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>School-aged children in resource-limited settings remain understudied in nutrition research, despite the well-documented effects of malnutrition on cognitive development and academic achievement.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the associations between anthropometric status, household dietary diversity (DD), and academic performance among primary school children in Jigjiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 345 children aged 5 to 15 y, selected through stratified random sampling from five urban schools. Nutritional status was assessed using WHO <em>z</em>-scores for height-for-age (stunting), weight-for-age (underweight), and BMI-for-age (wasting). Household DD was measured using the Household Dietary Diversity Score, and academic performance was assessed from standardized school records. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 25, and statistical significance was set at <em>P</em> < 0.05. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with nutritional and academic outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Undernutrition was prevalent, with 28.2% of children underweight, particularly girls and those aged 5 to 7 y. Although most households reported adequate DD, children from families with low diversity consistently showed poorer academic performance. Normal nutritional status was associated with better educational outcomes. Parental characteristics also mattered: government employment and higher paternal education were linked with improved nutritional status in children.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Undernutrition, especially underweight, significantly affects school-aged children in Jigjiga, particularly girls and younger children. DD and parental socioeconomic conditions strongly correlate with children’s nutritional status and academic performance. These findings suggest the need for targeted, school-based nutrition programs and context-specific interventions, though causal relationships cannot be inferred from this cross-sectional study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.113024
Nicole Y. McWhorter MS, RD , Tracy B. Lowe PhD, RN , Sara M. Sarasua PhD , Christopher L. Farrell PhD , Melanie B. Gillingham PhD, RD
Background
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are rare genetic conditions that often require strict dietary management to prevent serious health complications. With the rise of pharmaceutical therapies for IEMs, clinical trials now use diet-sensitive biomarkers to assess drug efficacy. However, uncontrolled dietary variation can confound biomarker outcomes. This review evaluates how diet is managed and monitored in pharmaceutical clinical trials for IEMs and compares those practices against FDA guidance and validated nutrition assessment standards.
Methods
An analytic narrative review was conducted from November 2023 to March 2024 using Cochrane Library searches. Seventeen clinical trials met inclusion criteria, involving phenylketonuria (PKU), fatty-acid oxidation disorders, and methylmalonic/propionic acidemia. Each trial was evaluated against 14 dietary study design elements based on the 2023 FDA guidance document and principles of precision, reproducibility, and validity from nutrition science literature.
Results
Dietary methodologies varied widely across trials. Fatty-acid oxidation disorder and methylmalonic/propionic acidemia studies used more structured dietary controls and multiple biomarkers/clinical assessments. In contrast, PKU trials relied heavily on blood phenylalanine levels, with limited assessment of dietary variability or adherence. Only a few of the included studies used validated dietary assessment methods, defined the range of acceptable dietary intake, or statistically assessed adherence to the dietary plan. Most failed to use objective tools to confirm compliance and instead relied on self-reported diet records. Newer trials showed improved adherence to FDA recommendations, but no study met all 14 elements.
Conclusions
Dietary assessments remain inconsistently addressed in IEM clinical trials, particularly in PKU. Failure to account for dietary variability reduces confidence in biomarker interpretation. Adopting validated dietary assessment methods and statistical modeling of intake variation can improve reproducibility and reduce confounding. Future trials should quantify acceptable dietary fluctuations and incorporate validated tools to ensure dietary rigor in biomarker-based drug efficacy studies.
{"title":"Evaluation of dietary management and monitoring practices in pharmaceutical clinical trials for inborn errors of metabolism","authors":"Nicole Y. McWhorter MS, RD , Tracy B. Lowe PhD, RN , Sara M. Sarasua PhD , Christopher L. Farrell PhD , Melanie B. Gillingham PhD, RD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are rare genetic conditions that often require strict dietary management to prevent serious health complications. With the rise of pharmaceutical therapies for IEMs, clinical trials now use diet-sensitive biomarkers to assess drug efficacy. However, uncontrolled dietary variation can confound biomarker outcomes. This review evaluates how diet is managed and monitored in pharmaceutical clinical trials for IEMs and compares those practices against FDA guidance and validated nutrition assessment standards.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An analytic narrative review was conducted from November 2023 to March 2024 using Cochrane Library searches. Seventeen clinical trials met inclusion criteria, involving phenylketonuria (PKU), fatty-acid oxidation disorders, and methylmalonic/propionic acidemia. Each trial was evaluated against 14 dietary study design elements based on the 2023 FDA guidance document and principles of precision, reproducibility, and validity from nutrition science literature.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Dietary methodologies varied widely across trials. Fatty-acid oxidation disorder and methylmalonic/propionic acidemia studies used more structured dietary controls and multiple biomarkers/clinical assessments. In contrast, PKU trials relied heavily on blood phenylalanine levels, with limited assessment of dietary variability or adherence. Only a few of the included studies used validated dietary assessment methods, defined the range of acceptable dietary intake, or statistically assessed adherence to the dietary plan. Most failed to use objective tools to confirm compliance and instead relied on self-reported diet records. Newer trials showed improved adherence to FDA recommendations, but no study met all 14 elements.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Dietary assessments remain inconsistently addressed in IEM clinical trials, particularly in PKU. Failure to account for dietary variability reduces confidence in biomarker interpretation. Adopting validated dietary assessment methods and statistical modeling of intake variation can improve reproducibility and reduce confounding. Future trials should quantify acceptable dietary fluctuations and incorporate validated tools to ensure dietary rigor in biomarker-based drug efficacy studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are chronic inflammatory disorders with increasing global prevalence and substantial health and economic burden. The Mediterranean diet (MD), known for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, may offer complementary benefits in the management of these conditions.
Methods
This review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed up to February 28, 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale or Risk of Bias tool, based on study design. The certainty of evidence was evaluated with the NUTRIGRADE approach. Eligible studies included studies evaluating MD adherence in individuals with ADs. Data were synthesized narratively and quantitatively.
Results
Fifteen studies (5 randomized controlled trials, 6 cross-sectional, 3 pre-post trials, and 1 cohort) involving patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative rectocolitis, multiple sclerosis, and celiac disease were included. Higher MD adherence was associated with improved quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis and celiac disease (moderate certainty), and to a lesser extent in rheumatoid arthritis (low certainty). Reductions in C-reactive protein were observed in some studies, but findings were inconsistent and of low certainty. One cohort study reported reduced mortality in patients with Crohn’s disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Limited evidence suggested favorable effects on gut microbiota and body composition.
Conclusions
Adherence to the MD may provide benefits in quality of life and inflammation-related outcomes among patients with ADs. However, the overall certainty of evidence remains limited.
{"title":"Effects of the Mediterranean diet on inflammation, quality of life, and mortality in autoimmune diseases: A systematic review featured in the Italian National Guidelines “La Dieta Mediterranea”","authors":"Vincenza Gianfredi M.D., Ph.D. , Letizia Baldini M.D. , Andrea Deledda Ph.D. , Maria Michela Patruno M.D. , Lucia Galluzzo M.A. , Fernanda Velluzzi M.D. , Domenico Rogoli M.Sc. , Filippo Valoriani M.D. , Nicola Veronese M.D. , Massimo Volpe M.D. , Stefania Maggi M.D. , Federica Limongi Ph.D. , Graziano Onder M.D., Ph.D. , Stefano Ciriminna M.D. , Marco Silano M.D. , Michela Zanetti M.D. , Daniele Nucci M.Sc., R.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are chronic inflammatory disorders with increasing global prevalence and substantial health and economic burden. The Mediterranean diet (MD), known for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, may offer complementary benefits in the management of these conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed up to February 28, 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale or Risk of Bias tool, based on study design. The certainty of evidence was evaluated with the NUTRIGRADE approach. Eligible studies included studies evaluating MD adherence in individuals with ADs. Data were synthesized narratively and quantitatively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifteen studies (5 randomized controlled trials, 6 cross-sectional, 3 pre-post trials, and 1 cohort) involving patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative rectocolitis, multiple sclerosis, and celiac disease were included. Higher MD adherence was associated with improved quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis and celiac disease (moderate certainty), and to a lesser extent in rheumatoid arthritis (low certainty). Reductions in C-reactive protein were observed in some studies, but findings were inconsistent and of low certainty. One cohort study reported reduced mortality in patients with Crohn’s disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Limited evidence suggested favorable effects on gut microbiota and body composition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adherence to the MD may provide benefits in quality of life and inflammation-related outcomes among patients with ADs. However, the overall certainty of evidence remains limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.113019
Ge Rui MD, Shuxin Hu MD
{"title":"Comment on “Birth weight of a child and the occurrence of overweight and obesity in preschool and school age birth weight and overweight in children”","authors":"Ge Rui MD, Shuxin Hu MD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113019"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.113017
Tiantian Wu MM , Yujing Fang PhD , Qingjian Ou MM , Kexin Tu MM , Caixia Zhang PhD
Background
The association between adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) recommendations and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains inconsistent in epidemiological studies, with particularly sparse data from Chinese populations. This study aimed to evaluate this relationship comprehensively.
Methods
We conducted a case-control study involving 3030 incident CRC cases and 3044 age- and sex-matched controls. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between adherence to the seven-point 2018 WCRF/AICR score, the 2018 WCRF/AICR dietary score, and individual recommendations with CRC risk, with results presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Additionally, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to assess the causal relationship between individual recommendations and CRC risk.
Results
Both a higher 2018 WCRF/AICR score (adjusted ORQ5 versus Q1: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.64; Ptrend < 0.001) and a higher 2018 WCRF/AICR dietary score (adjusted ORQ5 versus Q1: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.63; Ptrend < 0.001) were associated with a reduced CRC risk in Chinese populations. Adherence to individual recommendations on physical activity, plant-based food intake, red/processed meat intake limitation and alcohol intake limitation showed an inverse association with CRC risk. Of these, plant-based food intake and alcohol consumption limitation were further supported by MR analyses.
Conclusions
Greater adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR recommendations, particularly those related to plant-based food intake and alcohol intake limitation, was inversely associated with the risk of CRC.
{"title":"Adherence to 2018 WCRF/AICR recommendations and colorectal cancer risk: A case-control and Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Tiantian Wu MM , Yujing Fang PhD , Qingjian Ou MM , Kexin Tu MM , Caixia Zhang PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The association between adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) recommendations and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains inconsistent in epidemiological studies, with particularly sparse data from Chinese populations. This study aimed to evaluate this relationship comprehensively.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a case-control study involving 3030 incident CRC cases and 3044 age- and sex-matched controls. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between adherence to the seven-point 2018 WCRF/AICR score, the 2018 WCRF/AICR dietary score, and individual recommendations with CRC risk, with results presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Additionally, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to assess the causal relationship between individual recommendations and CRC risk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both a higher 2018 WCRF/AICR score (adjusted OR<sub>Q5 versus Q1</sub>: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.64; <em>P</em><sub>trend</sub> < 0.001) and a higher 2018 WCRF/AICR dietary score (adjusted OR<sub>Q5 versus Q1</sub>: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.63; <em>P</em><sub>trend</sub> < 0.001) were associated with a reduced CRC risk in Chinese populations. Adherence to individual recommendations on physical activity, plant-based food intake, red/processed meat intake limitation and alcohol intake limitation showed an inverse association with CRC risk. Of these, plant-based food intake and alcohol consumption limitation were further supported by MR analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Greater adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR recommendations, particularly those related to plant-based food intake and alcohol intake limitation, was inversely associated with the risk of CRC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of nutritional status with sarcopenia status, antioxidative capacity, inflammatory status, and adipomyokines levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Methods
This study was design as a case-control study. Participants with and without COPD were recruited. Body composition, muscle function, antioxidant capacity (coenzyme Q10, antioxidant enzymes activity, and total antioxidant capacity), inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6), and adipomyokines levels (adiponectin, leptin, and irisin) were measured. Nutritional status was assessed by means of the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) and nutritional risk index (NRI).
Results
A total of 112 participants were included in the present study (COPD, n = 51; non-COPD, n = 61). Compared with non-COPD patients, COPD patients had a lower level of muscle function and nutritional status and a greater risk of developing sarcopenia (P < 0.05). Thirty-seven percent of the COPD patients in this study suffered from sarcopenia. Although there was no significant difference in antioxidant capacity between the two groups, most participants had a low coenzyme Q10 status (<0.5 μM). Compared with non-COPD patients, COPD patients had a greater level of adiponectin but a lower level of leptin (P < 0.05). Nutrition status (MNA or NRI) was significantly associated with muscle function, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory status, adipomyokines levels, and the risk of developing COPD and sarcopenia (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Patients with COPD were at risk for malnutrition and sarcopenia, and most participants had low coenzyme Q10 status. Nutritional status affects antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status; and is inversely associated to the risk of developing sarcopenia. Thus, we suggest that monitoring the nutritional and muscle status of COPD patients, particularly that of older patients, is urgently needed.
目的：研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者营养状况与肌肉减少症状态、抗氧化能力、炎症状态和脂肪代谢因子水平的关系。方法本研究采用病例-对照研究。招募了患有和不患有COPD的参与者。测量体成分、肌肉功能、抗氧化能力（辅酶Q10、抗氧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力）、炎症标志物（高敏c反应蛋白和白细胞介素-6）和脂肪代谢因子水平（脂联素、瘦素和鸢尾素）。采用微型营养评价（MNA）和营养风险指数（NRI）评价营养状况。结果本研究共纳入112名参与者（COPD, n = 51；非COPD， n = 61）。与非COPD患者相比，COPD患者的肌肉功能和营养状况水平较低，发生肌肉减少症的风险较高（P < 0.05）。在这项研究中，37%的COPD患者患有肌肉减少症。虽然两组之间的抗氧化能力没有显著差异，但大多数参与者的辅酶Q10状态较低（0.5 μM）。与非COPD患者相比，COPD患者脂联素水平较高，瘦素水平较低（P < 0.05）。营养状况（MNA或NRI）与肌肉功能、抗氧化能力、炎症状态、脂肪代谢因子水平以及发生COPD和肌肉减少症的风险显著相关（P < 0.05）。结论慢性阻塞性肺病患者存在营养不良和肌肉减少的风险，且大多数参与者的辅酶Q10水平较低。营养状况影响抗氧化和抗炎状态；与患肌肉减少症的风险呈负相关。因此，我们建议监测COPD患者的营养和肌肉状况，特别是老年患者，是迫切需要的。
{"title":"Associations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with sarcopenia and related factors: Nutritional status, body composition, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory profile","authors":"Shih-Pin Chen M.D., Ph.D. , Jia-En Hsu M.Sc. , Yu-Chiao Wu M.Sc. , Ping-Ting Lin Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of nutritional status with sarcopenia status, antioxidative capacity, inflammatory status, and adipomyokines levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was design as a case-control study. Participants with and without COPD were recruited. Body composition, muscle function, antioxidant capacity (coenzyme Q10, antioxidant enzymes activity, and total antioxidant capacity), inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6), and adipomyokines levels (adiponectin, leptin, and irisin) were measured. Nutritional status was assessed by means of the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) and nutritional risk index (NRI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 112 participants were included in the present study (COPD, <em>n</em> = 51; non-COPD, <em>n</em> = 61). Compared with non-COPD patients, COPD patients had a lower level of muscle function and nutritional status and a greater risk of developing sarcopenia (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Thirty-seven percent of the COPD patients in this study suffered from sarcopenia. Although there was no significant difference in antioxidant capacity between the two groups, most participants had a low coenzyme Q10 status (<0.5 μM). Compared with non-COPD patients, COPD patients had a greater level of adiponectin but a lower level of leptin (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Nutrition status (MNA or NRI) was significantly associated with muscle function, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory status, adipomyokines levels, and the risk of developing COPD and sarcopenia (<em>P</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Patients with COPD were at risk for malnutrition and sarcopenia, and most participants had low coenzyme Q10 status. Nutritional status affects antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status; and is inversely associated to the risk of developing sarcopenia. Thus, we suggest that monitoring the nutritional and muscle status of COPD patients, particularly that of older patients, is urgently needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113016"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, an improved food frequency questionnaire focused on assessing daily sodium (Na) intake (Food Frequency Questionnaire [FFQ]-Na: 73 questions; time to be filled in [t]: 25 min) was developed with higher accuracy over other dietary and spot urinary methods (sUMs) compared with the gold standard 24 h urinary Na (24hUNa) excretion, which approaches real daily Na intake. We aimed to improve the FFQ-Na in terms of usability and combine it with sUMs to test whether daily Na intake assessment could be further improved for use in clinical practice and not only in research.
Methods
In a cross-sectional study, 219 participants (61.2 males, age 55.45 ± 12.24 y) were asked to fill in the FFQ-Na and provide two 24hUNa collections and one spot urine sample. Data were analyzed using artificial intelligence and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
Results
Using artificial intelligence: 1) Three new shorter versions of the FFQ-Na were developed by discarding questions with low additive value: FFQ-Na-1 (43 questions; t = 15 min), FFQ-Na-2 (37 questions; t = 13 min) and FFQ-Na-3 (29 questions; t = 10 min); 2) the FFQ-Na-2 in combination with the Tanaka (r2 = 0.404) or Toft equation (r2 = 0.411) had the best performance compared with 24hUNa, indicating moderate predictive ability. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the detection of daily intake of >3 g Na/d indicated that the FFQ-Na-2 displayed the highest area under the curve (0.721), sensitivity (0.628), and specificity (0.839).
Conclusion
The FFQ-Na-2, in combination with a sUM (Tanaka or Toft), is a promising method for daily dietary Na intake assessment (using 24hUNa collection, which is the best method available to assess daily Na intake); further improvement and tests are needed.
{"title":"Combination of a modified dietary tool and spot urine collection: an improved method for daily sodium intake estimation","authors":"Eirini D. Basdeki M.Sc. , Kalliopi Karatzi Ph.D. , Vrettos Moulos Ph.D. , Dimitris Liapis B.A. , Anna Podimata B.A. , Elpida Athanasopoulou M.D. , Yannis Manios Ph.D. , Petros Sfikakis M.D. , Athanase D. Protogerou M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Recently, an improved food frequency questionnaire focused on assessing daily sodium (Na) intake (Food Frequency Questionnaire [FFQ]-Na: 73 questions; time to be filled in [t]: 25 min) was developed with higher accuracy over other dietary and spot urinary methods (sUMs) compared with the gold standard 24 h urinary Na (24hUNa) excretion, which approaches real daily Na intake. We aimed to improve the FFQ-Na in terms of usability and combine it with sUMs to test whether daily Na intake assessment could be further improved for use in clinical practice and not only in research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a cross-sectional study, 219 participants (61.2 males, age 55.45 ± 12.24 y) were asked to fill in the FFQ-Na and provide two 24hUNa collections and one spot urine sample. Data were analyzed using artificial intelligence and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Using artificial intelligence: 1) Three new shorter versions of the FFQ-Na were developed by discarding questions with low additive value: FFQ-Na-1 (43 questions; t = 15 min), FFQ-Na-2 (37 questions; t = 13 min) and FFQ-Na-3 (29 questions; t = 10 min); 2) the FFQ-Na-2 in combination with the Tanaka (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.404) or Toft equation (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.411) had the best performance compared with 24hUNa, indicating moderate predictive ability. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the detection of daily intake of >3 g Na/d indicated that the FFQ-Na-2 displayed the highest area under the curve (0.721), sensitivity (0.628), and specificity (0.839).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The FFQ-Na-2, in combination with a sUM (Tanaka or Toft), is a promising method for daily dietary Na intake assessment (using 24hUNa collection, which is the best method available to assess daily Na intake); further improvement and tests are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113014"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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