Nutrition最新文献_第7页

Association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and sarcopenia in American adults aged 45 and older 老年人营养风险指数与美国45岁及以上成年人肌肉减少症之间的关系

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112628

Wenjun Hao M.D., M.Phil. , Xiajie Huang M.D, M.Phil. , Rongyuan Liang M.D., M.Phil. , Chaoquan Yang M.D., M.Phil. , Zhiling Huang M.D., M.Phil. , Yeping Chen M.D., M.Phil. , William W. Lu Ph.D. , Yan Chen M.D., Ph.D.

Objectives

Nutrition is closely related to the occurrence of sarcopenia. Evidence shows that sarcopenia has a serious impact on population health and the social economy. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a useful prognostic predictor for several chronic diseases. Our original intention was to investigate whether GNRI correlates with sarcopenia.

Methods

We included 4,709 adults aged 45 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2018 in this cross-sectional study. According to the level of GNRI, they were categorized into High-GNRI and Low-GNRI groups, while sarcopenia was assessed using skeletal muscle index. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to investigate the independent relevance between the GNRI and the prevalence of sarcopenia. We examined the linear or nonlinear relevance between GNRI and sarcopenia using the Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) curve, and the threshold effect was analyzed. We explored whether some specific populations are more susceptible to GNRI affecting the occurrence of sarcopenia through subgroup analysis.

Results

The incidence of sarcopenia was substantially reduced in the High-GNRI group (17.7% vs. 13.2%; p = 0.013). We found that GNRI is an essential predictor of sarcopenia (OR: 0.57; 95%CI: 0.41–0.79; p = 0.001). The occurrence of sarcopenia was reduced by increasing GNRI. Subgroup analysis showed that some specific populations were more susceptible to GNRI, which reduced the incidence of sarcopenia in individuals. These populations included high school graduates and above (p = 0.006), non-Hispanic white (p = 0.045), married or living with a partner (p = 0.03), and non-diabetic (p = 0.021). The RCS curve showed a non-linear inverse relevance between GNRI and sarcopenia (non-linear p = 0.033), with a threshold identified at GNRI = 91.935.

Conclusions

GNRI is a reliable predictor of sarcopenia in Americans aged 45 and older, with a nonlinear inverse relationship identified at a threshold GNRI of 91.935.

目的：营养与肌少症的发生密切相关。有证据表明，肌肉减少症对人口健康和社会经济产生了严重影响。老年营养风险指数（GNRI）是几种慢性疾病的有效预后预测指标。我们的初衷是研究GNRI是否与肌肉减少症相关。方法本横断面研究纳入2009 - 2018年全国健康与营养检查调查中4709名45岁及以上的成年人。根据GNRI水平分为高GNRI组和低GNRI组，骨骼肌指数评估肌肉减少症。采用多变量logistic回归研究GNRI与肌少症患病率之间的独立相关性。我们使用限制三次样条（RCS）曲线检验了GNRI与肌肉减少症之间的线性或非线性相关性，并分析了阈值效应。我们通过亚组分析探讨了某些特定人群是否更容易受到GNRI影响肌肉减少症的发生。结果高gnri组肌肉减少症发生率显著降低(17.7% vs. 13.2%；P = 0.013)。我们发现GNRI是肌肉减少症的重要预测因子(OR: 0.57；95%置信区间:0.41—-0.79;P = 0.001)。增加GNRI可减少肌少症的发生。亚组分析显示，一些特定人群对GNRI更敏感，这降低了个体肌少症的发病率。这些人群包括高中毕业生及以上（p = 0.006）、非西班牙裔白人（p = 0.045）、已婚或与伴侣同居（p = 0.03）和非糖尿病（p = 0.021）。RCS曲线显示GNRI与肌肉减少症呈非线性负相关（非线性p = 0.033），阈值为GNRI = 91.935。结论GNRI是45岁及以上美国人肌肉减少症的可靠预测指标，在阈值GNRI为91.935时发现了非线性反比关系。

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引用次数: 0

Predictive value and model construction of preoperative nutritional indexes for postoperative leakage in gastric cancer 胃癌术前营养指标对术后渗漏的预测价值和模型构建

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112630

Yi Liao M.D. , Li Lv M.B.B.S. , Feizhi Lin M.B.B.S. , Weiyao Li M.D. , Xiang Ji M.Med , Ziru Liu M.B.B.S. , Yuhang Han M.B.B.S. , Zuli Yang M.D.

Objective

We aimed to explore the predictive significance of the nutritional indexes in the occurrence of postoperative leakage after gastrectomy, aiming to develop and validate a predictive nomogram for assessing the risk of these complications.

Methods

Patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer were studied, using data from The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (2019–2022, n = 1075) for nomogram development and an external cohort from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (2022, n = 286) for validation. The model, focusing on postoperative leakage, was constructed through univariate and backward stepwise regression. The performance of nomogram was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plots, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curves (CIC).

Results

The incidence rates of postoperative leakage were 6.51% in the training cohort and 6.71% in the external validation cohort, respectively. The nomogram effectively identifies critical factors influencing postoperative leakage risk, including NRS-2002 score, SFMAI, VSR, blood loss, intraoperative time, type of reconstruction, and Lauren type. The areas under the curve (AUC) for the development and external validation cohorts were 0.763 and 0.761, respectively, demonstrating acceptable predictive accuracy. The validation study showed the nomogram's satisfactory calibration, and both DCA and CIC confirmed its significant clinical utility.

Conclusions

The nomogram offers an efficient and precise tool for initial screening, effectively identifying individuals at elevated risk for postoperative leakage.

目的我们旨在探索营养指标在胃切除术后渗漏发生中的预测意义，旨在开发和验证用于评估这些并发症风险的预测提名图。方法以接受胃癌根治术的患者为研究对象，利用中山大学附属第六医院的数据（2019-2022年，n = 1075）开发提名图，并利用中山大学肿瘤中心的外部队列（2022年，n = 286）进行验证。通过单变量和后向逐步回归法建立了以术后渗漏为重点的模型。结果训练队列和外部验证队列的术后渗漏发生率分别为 6.51% 和 6.71%。提名图能有效识别影响术后渗漏风险的关键因素，包括 NRS-2002 评分、SFMAI、VSR、失血量、术中时间、重建类型和 Lauren 类型。开发组和外部验证组的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为 0.763 和 0.761，显示了可接受的预测准确性。验证研究显示提名图的校准效果令人满意，DCA 和 CIC 均证实了其显著的临床实用性。结论提名图为初步筛查提供了一种高效、精确的工具，可有效识别术后渗漏风险较高的个体。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary antioxidant capacity and sarcopenia: A study from US population 膳食抗氧化能力与肌肉疏松症：美国人口研究。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112613

Yinshuang Yao M.P.H. , Jiazhen Yao M.P.H., Ph.D. , Dongliang Tang M.P.H. , Hexing Wang M.P.H. , Haifeng Zhang M.P.H., Ph.D. , Junlan Qiu M.D., Ph.D. , Xiaochen Shu M.D., Ph.D.

Objectives

To explore how dietary antioxidant capacity (DAC) affects sarcopenia in American adults and further evaluate the impact of meal timing and antioxidant-rich foods.

Methods

This analysis used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018. The main exposure variables were DAC (Total, Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, Breakfast & Lunch, Breakfast & Dinner and Lunch & Dinner), and specific antioxidant components (vitamins A, vitamins E, selenium, total carotenoids, zinc, and selenium). The outcome was sarcopenia and its components. Associations were evaluated using weighted generalized linear models and restricted cubic spline regression (RCS). Models were adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and health factors.

Results

Among 9,436 NHANES participants, representing 111.5 million noninstitutionalized US residents (mean age, 38.9 ± 11.5 years; 50.9% female; 34.33% non-Hispanic white; 21.26% non-Hispanic black; and 20.01% Mexican American). There was a negative correlation between Total DAC and sarcopenia. According to meal time, eating more antioxidant foods at lunch time could reduce the risk of sarcopenia. According to the classification of food, it was further found that DAC in oils had a protective effect on sarcopenia. Increased intake of vitamins A, E, and selenium was associated with a lower sarcopenia risk. Subgroup analysis additionally observed a significant interaction between drinking status and DAC.

Conclusions

A higher DAC diet may protect against sarcopenia, especially through the intake of vitamins A, E, selenium, and oils during lunch. This increased DAC is also linked to improved handgrip strength, a critical factor in sarcopenia. However, further research is required to validate these associations and explore additional influencing factors.

目的：探讨膳食抗氧化能力（DAC）如何影响美国成年人的肌肉疏松症：探讨膳食抗氧化能力（DAC）如何影响美国成年人的肌肉疏松症，并进一步评估进餐时间和富含抗氧化剂的食物的影响：本分析采用了美国国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）2011-2018 年的数据。主要暴露变量为 DAC（总、早餐、午餐、晚餐、早餐和午餐、早餐和晚餐以及午餐和晚餐）和特定抗氧化成分（维生素 A、维生素 E、硒、类胡萝卜素总量、锌和硒）。研究结果为肌肉疏松症及其组成部分。使用加权广义线性模型和限制性立方样条回归（RCS）评估了两者之间的关联。模型根据人口、生活方式和健康因素进行了调整：在 9,436 名 NHANES 参与者中，有 1.115 亿非住院美国居民（平均年龄为 38.9 ± 11.5 岁；50.9% 为女性；34.33% 为非西班牙裔白人；21.26% 为非西班牙裔黑人；20.01% 为墨西哥裔美国人）。总 DAC 与肌肉疏松症呈负相关。根据进餐时间，在午餐时间多吃抗氧化食物可降低患肌肉疏松症的风险。根据食物的分类，研究进一步发现油类中的 DAC 对肌肉疏松症有保护作用。增加维生素 A、E 和硒的摄入量与降低患肌肉疏松症的风险有关。此外，分组分析还观察到饮酒状况与 DAC 之间存在显著的交互作用：结论：较高 DAC 的饮食可预防肌肉疏松症，尤其是通过在午餐期间摄入维生素 A、E、硒和油脂。增加 DAC 还与改善手握强度有关，而手握强度是导致肌肉疏松症的一个关键因素。然而，要验证这些关联并探索其他影响因素，还需要进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary intake of polyamines in a Spanish adult population: Age-dependent correlation with Healthy Eating Index and Dietary Inflammatory Index scores 西班牙成年人的多胺膳食摄入量：年龄与健康饮食指数和膳食炎症指数得分的相关性

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112608

Begoña Cantabrana Ph.D. , Pablo Peña-Iglesias R.N. , Paula Castro-Estrada R.N. , Lorena Suárez B.S. , Javier Bordallo Ph.D. , Eva Barreiro-Alonso Ph.D. , Manuel Sánchez Ph.D.

Objectives

A healthy and balanced diet is crucial to maintaining optimal health. Understanding the benefits of different food components is essential. The polyamine spermidine is linked to age-related disease protection, but daily intakes and whether these vary with age are unknown. This study aimed to determine polyamine intake in a Mediterranean diet population and its association with participants’ age and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores.

Methods

A database was created with references concerning polyamine content in foods to determine the daily intake of foods frequently consumed by 203 participants (84 males and 119 females), ages 18 to 90 y, using a nutritional survey (VioScreen) that includes HEI and DII scores.

Results

The participants’ characteristics were as reported in the corresponding 2020 Spanish nutritional survey. Two-thirds demonstrated moderate to high adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The mean HEI score was 74.45 (out of 100), and the mean DII was −1.94 (anti-inflammatory). The median intake of polyamines was 45.59 mg/d/person (mean, 46.89 mg/d/person, 410.57 µmol/d/person), without sex differences. After normalizing the intake per kilocalorie, the Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences among age groups for total polyamines ingested, putrescine, and spermidine. The intake of putrescine and spermidine was significantly higher in the 60 to 69 age group compared with the 24 to 59 and 18 to 23 age groups, respectively. HEI scores were positively correlated with polyamine intake, whereas DII scores were negatively correlated.

Conclusions

Polyamine intake was higher than reported in other populations, did not decrease based on age, and was associated with healthy eating and anti-inflammatory foods.

目标健康均衡的饮食对保持最佳健康状态至关重要。了解不同食物成分的益处至关重要。多胺亚精胺与老年相关疾病的保护有关，但每日摄入量及其是否随年龄而变化尚不清楚。本研究旨在确定地中海饮食人群的多胺摄入量及其与参与者的年龄、健康饮食指数（HEI）和膳食炎症指数（DII）得分之间的关系。研究方法利用有关食物中多胺含量的参考文献创建了一个数据库，以确定 203 名年龄在 18 至 90 岁之间的参与者（84 名男性和 119 名女性）每天经常食用的食物的摄入量，采用的营养调查方法（VioScreen）包括健康饮食指数（HEI）和膳食炎症指数（DII）得分。三分之二的人坚持中度到高度地中海饮食。HEI 平均分为 74.45 分（满分 100 分），DII 平均分为-1.94 分（抗炎）。多胺摄入量的中位数为 45.59 毫克/天/人（平均 46.89 毫克/天/人，410.57 微摩尔/天/人），无性别差异。在对每千卡摄入量进行归一化处理后，Kruskal-Wallis 检验显示各年龄组之间在多胺摄入总量、腐胺和亚精胺方面存在显著差异。与 24 至 59 岁年龄组和 18 至 23 岁年龄组相比，60 至 69 岁年龄组的腐胺和亚精胺摄入量明显较高。结论多胺的摄入量高于其他人群，而且没有随年龄的增长而减少，并且与健康饮食和抗炎食品有关。

{"title":"Dietary intake of polyamines in a Spanish adult population: Age-dependent correlation with Healthy Eating Index and Dietary Inflammatory Index scores","authors":"Begoña Cantabrana Ph.D. , Pablo Peña-Iglesias R.N. , Paula Castro-Estrada R.N. , Lorena Suárez B.S. , Javier Bordallo Ph.D. , Eva Barreiro-Alonso Ph.D. , Manuel Sánchez Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>A healthy and balanced diet is crucial to maintaining optimal health. Understanding the benefits of different food components is essential. The polyamine spermidine is linked to age-related disease protection, but daily intakes and whether these vary with age are unknown. This study aimed to determine polyamine intake in a Mediterranean diet population and its association with participants’ age and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A database was created with references concerning polyamine content in foods to determine the daily intake of foods frequently consumed by 203 participants (84 males and 119 females), ages 18 to 90 y, using a nutritional survey (VioScreen) that includes HEI and DII scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The participants’ characteristics were as reported in the corresponding 2020 Spanish nutritional survey. Two-thirds demonstrated moderate to high adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The mean HEI score was 74.45 (out of 100), and the mean DII was −1.94 (anti-inflammatory). The median intake of polyamines was 45.59 mg/d/person (mean, 46.89 mg/d/person, 410.57 µmol/d/person), without sex differences. After normalizing the intake per kilocalorie, the Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences among age groups for total polyamines ingested, putrescine, and spermidine. The intake of putrescine and spermidine was significantly higher in the 60 to 69 age group compared with the 24 to 59 and 18 to 23 age groups, respectively. HEI scores were positively correlated with polyamine intake, whereas DII scores were negatively correlated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Polyamine intake was higher than reported in other populations, did not decrease based on age, and was associated with healthy eating and anti-inflammatory foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutritional risk assessment using the Nutritional Prognostic Index predicts mortality in Advanced Chronic Liver Disease patients 使用营养预后指数进行营养风险评估可预测晚期慢性肝病患者的死亡率。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112612

Ketsia Meneses Souza Santos Clinical Nutrition Specialist , Ramona Souza da Silva Baqueiro Boulhosa Ph.D. , Laís Spindola Garcêz Ph.D. , André Castro Lyra Ph.D. , Allain Amador Bueno Ph.D. , Rosangela Passos de Jesus Ph.D. , Lucivalda Pereira Magalhães Oliveira Ph.D.

Objectives

Early clinical prognosis and mortality reduction remains a challenge in chronic liver disease (CLD). The full potential of the Nutritional Prognostic Index (NPI) for nutritional assessment and management in CLD patients remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to establish an NPI cutoff point for the identification of nutritional risk in advanced CLD (ACLD) patients, as well as to assess the NPI's ability to predict ACLD-associated mortality.

Methods

This ethically approved prospective cohort study investigated malnutrition risk using both the NPI and the Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) in patients hospitalized for ACLD. NPI reference values were determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Associations between nutritional risk identified by the RFH-NPT and the NPI were assessed using Fisher's exact test, and agreement between tools was assessed using the Kappa index. The association between NPI-defined nutritional risk and 12-mo mortality was examined using Pearson Chi-square test.

Results

The sample population consisted of 120 adults, comprising 84 (70%) male and 57 (50.9%) of alcoholic etiology and presenting as Child-Pugh A, B, or C at admission. The identified cutoff point for NPI was <41, identifying nutritional risk in 82.5% of patients. The NPI presented a statistically significant association with the RFH-NPT, with a substantial agreement coefficient of 0.34. An association between NPI <41 cutoff and mortality were observed, with 82.1% of the sample below cutoff experiencing mortality within 12 mo.

Conclusions

The NPI is a valuable nutritional marker for the identification of nutritional risk in ACLD and is a simple and effective assessment tool that can aid in early CLD prognosis assessment. Validation, however, remains necessary in other CLD populations of different etiologies.

目的：早期临床预后和降低死亡率仍是慢性肝病（CLD）的一项挑战。营养预后指数（NPI）在慢性肝病患者营养评估和管理方面的全部潜力仍有待开发。本研究的目的是为晚期慢性肝病（ACLD）患者的营养风险识别确定一个 NPI 临界点，并评估 NPI 预测 ACLD 相关死亡率的能力：这项获得伦理批准的前瞻性队列研究使用 NPI 和皇家自由医院营养优先工具 (RFH-NPT) 对 ACLD 住院患者的营养不良风险进行了调查。采用接收者操作特征曲线确定 NPI 参考值。RFH-NPT和NPI确定的营养风险之间的关联采用费舍尔精确检验进行评估，工具之间的一致性采用Kappa指数进行评估。NPI 定义的营养风险与 12 个月死亡率之间的关系采用皮尔逊卡方检验：样本人群包括 120 名成年人，其中 84 名（70%）男性，57 名（50.9%）酗酒者，入院时表现为 Child-Pugh A、B 或 C。确定的 NPI 临界点为结论：NPI 是识别 ACLD 营养风险的重要营养标志物，也是一种简单有效的评估工具，有助于早期 CLD 预后评估。但是，仍有必要在其他不同病因的慢性营养不良人群中进行验证。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of fruits and vegetables on children's mental and cognitive health: A systematic review of intervention studies and perspective for future research 水果和蔬菜对儿童心理和认知健康的影响：干预研究的系统回顾与未来研究展望

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112615

Nicola A. Gillies PhD , Amy L. Lovell PhD , Karen E. Waldie PhD , Clare R. Wall PhD

Objectives

To synthesize evidence from fruit and vegetable intervention studies investigating mental or cognitive health outcomes (or both) in children ≤10 y. Our aim was to understand the efficacy of such interventions in improving measures of cognitive performance or mental health and to identify successful intervention elements to inform future research.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of the Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and CINAHL databases for articles published before August 2022 (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022356571). A narrative synthesis was conducted according to the Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis guidelines.

Results

Of the 4686 articles identified, only 7 of the 17 full texts screened were included in the final review. No studies investigated the efficacy of interventions using “whole” fruits or vegetables. Six studies examined the effects of blueberries using drinks made from fresh (1 cup) or freeze-dried (30 g) blueberries and one study evaluated a mulberry powder–based drink. Sample sizes ranged from 14 to 54, and most studies were acute interventions with outcomes measured in a 2- to 3-h window (n = 6). Through a narrative synthesis of direction of responses, measures of executive function appeared sensitive to intervention effects in both acute and longer-term settings. Some concerns of risk of bias were evident, according to the RoB 2 tool, related to incomplete reporting of methodological aspects.

Conclusions

The studies identified through this systematic review could not directly address the planned research question, resulting in poor certainty of evidence. Future research with whole fruit and vegetable interventions could better inform population health strategies for improved mental and cognitive health outcomes in children.

我们的目的是了解这些干预措施在改善认知能力或心理健康方面的效果，并确定成功的干预因素，为未来研究提供参考。方法我们对 Cochrane、Embase、PubMed 和 CINAHL 数据库中 2022 年 8 月之前发表的文章进行了系统检索（PROSPERO 注册号：CRD42022356571）。结果在 4686 篇文章中，经筛选的 17 篇全文中只有 7 篇被纳入最终综述。没有研究调查了使用 "全 "水果或蔬菜进行干预的效果。六项研究使用新鲜蓝莓（1 杯）或冻干蓝莓（30 克）制成的饮料对蓝莓的效果进行了调查，一项研究对桑葚粉制成的饮料进行了评估。样本量从 14 个到 54 个不等，大多数研究都是急性干预，在 2 到 3 小时内测量结果（n = 6）。通过对反应方向的叙述性综合，执行功能的测量结果似乎对急性和长期干预效果都很敏感。根据RoB 2工具，一些明显的偏倚风险问题与方法学方面的报告不完整有关。结论本系统综述所确定的研究无法直接解决计划中的研究问题，因此证据的确定性较差。未来有关全果蔬干预措施的研究可以更好地为改善儿童心理和认知健康状况的人口健康战略提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Gut microbiome and body composition with sorbitol intake during early lifespan 寿命早期摄入山梨醇的肠道微生物组和身体组成。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112614

Ying-Yueh Chu Ph.D. , Yu-Chen S.H. Yang Ph.D. , Shih-Yuan Hsu MSc , Hsien-Yu Fan Ph.D. , Liang-Dar Hwang Ph.D. , Jacus S. Nacis Ph.D. , Yang Ching Chen Ph.D.

Objective

The association of sorbitol intake with maintaining healthy body weight through the gut microbiome during early life was investigated.

Research Methods and Procedures

Sorbitol intake, body mass index (BMI), and fecal samples were collected in the total of 369 pregnant women with their infants (aged 4 months to 5 years) from the Taipei Mother-Infant Nutrition Cohort and 1946 children and adolescents (aged 6–18 years) from the Taiwan Puberty Longitudinal Study. The BMI-z score in sorbitol users was compared to that in sorbitol nonusers using generalized linear mixed model. The beta diversity of microbiome was investigated in both cohorts. The association between the richness of microbes and body composition was analyzed.

Results

The children and adolescents with high sorbitol intake had lower BMI-z score at 6 to 10 and 11 to 18 years of age (P < 0.01) compared with those without sorbitol intake. The beta diversity of the microbiome differed significantly between the sorbitol users and nonusers. Bifidobacterium was higher in the gut of infants and children whose mothers were sorbitol users than that of infants and children whose mothers were sorbitol nonusers during pregnancy. Several microbes were involved in the regulation of obesity, such as Staphylococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Oscillospiraceae_UCG-005 negatively associated with anthropometric measures.

Conclusions

Sorbitol intake was associated with lower child and adolescent BMI. Sorbitol consumption could shape the composition and richness of beneficial microbiota, contributing to the maintenance of ideal body weight and metabolic homeostasis in early life.

研究目的研究方法和步骤：从台北母婴健康中心收集了 369 名孕妇及其婴儿（4 个月至 5 岁）的山梨醇摄入量、体重指数（BMI）和粪便样本：研究方法：研究人员收集了台北市母婴营养队列的 369 名孕妇及其婴儿（4 个月至 5 岁）和台湾青春期纵向研究的 1946 名儿童和青少年（6-18 岁）的山梨醇摄入量、体重指数（BMI）和粪便样本。采用广义线性混合模型比较了山梨醇使用者与山梨醇非使用者的 BMI-z 评分。研究还调查了两个队列中微生物组的贝塔多样性。结果表明，山梨醇摄入量高的儿童和青少年体内的山梨醇含量较低，而山梨醇摄入量低的儿童和青少年体内的山梨醇含量较高：结果：与未摄入山梨醇的儿童和青少年相比，山梨醇摄入量高的儿童和青少年在 6 至 10 岁和 11 至 18 岁时的 BMI-z 评分较低（P < 0.01）。使用山梨醇和不使用山梨醇的人的微生物群β多样性差异显著。与母亲在怀孕期间不使用山梨醇的婴幼儿相比，母亲使用山梨醇的婴幼儿肠道中的双歧杆菌含量更高。有几种微生物参与了肥胖的调节，如葡萄球菌、粪便杆菌和振荡螺旋体_UCG-005与人体测量指标呈负相关：结论：山梨醇的摄入量与儿童和青少年较低的体重指数有关。结论：山梨醇的摄入量与儿童和青少年较低的体重指数有关。山梨醇的摄入量可影响有益微生物群的组成和丰富程度，有助于维持生命早期的理想体重和代谢平衡。

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引用次数: 0

Revisiting the concepts of de novo lipogenesis to understand the conversion of carbohydrates into fats: Stop overvaluing and extrapolating the renowned phrase “fat burns in the flame of carbohydrate” 重新审视新脂肪生成的概念，了解碳水化合物转化为脂肪的过程：不要再高估和推断 "脂肪在碳水化合物的火焰中燃烧 "这句名言。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112617

Heitor O. Santos Ph.D., R.D.N. , Nilson Penha-Silva Ph.D.

Carbohydrates can be converted into fatty acids via de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Although DNL is considered inefficient, these endogenous fatty acids contribute substantially to the esterification pathway in adipose tissue, together with fatty acids of feeding. This article revisited the concepts of DNL and aimed to discuss the clinical magnitude of carbohydrate overfeeding and fat mass accumulation. Although fat storage resulting from fat intake is more favorable for fat mass accrual than carbohydrates due to molecule structure and metabolism (e.g., oxidation and thermic effect), carbohydrates can substantially participate in lipogenesis and esterification under excess carbohydrate intake over time. Regarding only monosaccharide overfeeding, glucose and fructose favor the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, respectively. While fructose and sucrose are considered villains in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, energy surplus from carbohydrates, regardless of sources, can be considered an underlying cause of obesity. Interestingly, some degree of DNL in adipocytes may be favorable to mitigate a high deposition of fatty acids in the liver, conferring a physiological role. Although "fat burns in the flame of carbohydrate" is a praiseworthy phrase that has helped describe basic concepts in biochemistry for many decades, it appears to be overvalued and extrapolated even nowadays. DNL cannot be neglected. It is time to consider DNL an efficient biochemical process in health and disease.

碳水化合物可通过新生脂肪生成（DNL）转化为脂肪酸。尽管DNL被认为是低效的，但这些内源性脂肪酸与进食脂肪酸一起对脂肪组织中的酯化途径做出了重大贡献。本文重温了 DNL 的概念，旨在讨论碳水化合物过量摄入和脂肪堆积的临床严重程度。虽然由于分子结构和新陈代谢（如氧化和热效应）的原因，脂肪摄入导致的脂肪储存比碳水化合物更有利于脂肪量的积累，但在碳水化合物长期过量摄入的情况下，碳水化合物也会大量参与脂肪生成和酯化。仅就单糖过量摄入而言，葡萄糖和果糖分别有利于皮下和内脏脂肪组织。虽然果糖和蔗糖被认为是非酒精性脂肪肝的罪魁祸首，但碳水化合物的能量过剩，无论其来源如何，都可以被认为是肥胖的根本原因。有趣的是，脂肪细胞中一定程度的 DNL 可能有利于减轻肝脏中脂肪酸的大量沉积，从而发挥生理作用。虽然 "脂肪在碳水化合物的火焰中燃烧 "是一个值得称赞的短语，几十年来一直有助于描述生物化学的基本概念，但时至今日，它似乎被高估和推断了。DNL 不可忽视。现在是时候将 DNL 视为健康和疾病中的一个有效生化过程了。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of Two Techniques to Assess Muscle Mass Loss During ICU Stay: Muscle Ultrasound vs Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis 比较两种评估重症监护病房住院期间肌肉质量损失的技术：肌肉超声与生物电阻抗分析。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112607

Gintarė Šostakaitė , Martyna Jauniškytė , Dominykas Budrys , Kastytis Budrevičius , Erika Šalčiūtė-Šimėnė , Marija Svetikienė , Tomas Jovaiša , Tadas Žvirblis , Andrius Klimašauskas , Jūratė Šipylaitė

Background and aims

Muscle wasting is a prevalent issue among long-term critically ill patients and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Evaluating muscle mass in the ICU presents challenges due to the lack of a consistent methodology and the significant impact of fluid balance range in ICU patients. This prospective study aimed to compare the utility of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and ultrasound (US) for monitoring muscle wasting in critically ill patients over an initial seven-day period of critical illness.

Methods

Conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital's mixed ICU, the study included adult patients with ICU stays exceeding seven days. Measurements were taken on Day 1 (within 24 hours of ICU admission), Day 5, and Day 7.

Results

Out of 101 enrolled patients, 74 were male, with a mean age of 55.3 (SD 14.8) years. The mean APACHE II score was 18.2 (SD 7.2), and the Day 1 SOFA score was 7.9 (SD 3.2). The ICU survival rate was 65%, and the mean ICU length of stay was 19.2 (SD 19.2) days. Statistically significant muscle mass loss was detected by US measurement, demonstrating the relative change in general muscle thickness: -2.5% (SD 11.8) by Day 5 and -6.5% (SD 12.4) by Day 7 (P < 0.001). BIA demonstrated no significant change in phase angle, as the relative change by Day 5 was -3.3% (SD 19.9) and by Day 7 it was -1.9% (SD 21.9), with no significant difference (P = 0.374).

Conclusions

Ultrasound was a more suitable method for assessing and monitoring muscle wasting during ICU stays, while bioelectrical impedance analysis failed to demonstrate a comparable degree of muscle loss at Days 5 and 7. This study highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate assessment method based on the specific clinical context, emphasizing the reliability of US in evaluating muscle wasting among critically ill patients.

背景和目的：肌肉萎缩是长期重症患者中普遍存在的问题，并与不良临床结果有关。由于缺乏一致的方法以及 ICU 患者体液平衡范围的显著影响，ICU 患者肌肉质量的评估面临挑战。这项前瞻性研究旨在比较生物电阻抗分析法（BIA）和超声波法（US）在监测重症患者最初七天的肌肉萎缩方面的效用：研究在一家三级教学医院的混合重症监护室进行，包括在重症监护室住院超过七天的成年患者。在第 1 天（入院 24 小时内）、第 5 天和第 7 天进行测量：在 101 名入选患者中，74 人为男性，平均年龄为 55.3 岁（标准差为 14.8 岁）。平均 APACHE II 评分为 18.2（标清 7.2），第 1 天 SOFA 评分为 7.9（标清 3.2）。重症监护室存活率为 65%，重症监护室平均住院时间为 19.2 天（标准差 19.2 天）。通过 US 测量发现了统计意义上的明显肌肉质量损失，显示了一般肌肉厚度的相对变化：第 5 天为 -2.5%（标清 11.8），第 7 天为 -6.5%（标清 12.4）（P < 0.001）。BIA显示相位角无明显变化，第5天的相对变化为-3.3%（标准差19.9），第7天为-1.9%（标准差21.9），无明显差异（P = 0.374）：结论：超声波是评估和监测重症监护病房住院期间肌肉萎缩的一种更合适的方法，而生物电阻抗分析在第 5 天和第 7 天未能显示出可比的肌肉萎缩程度。这项研究强调了根据具体临床情况选择合适评估方法的重要性，并强调了超声波在评估重症患者肌肉萎缩方面的可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Peripheral fatty acids and outcome of assisted reproduction 外周脂肪酸与辅助生殖的结果

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112616

Valentina De Cosmi , Sonia Cipriani , Marie-Louise Syren , Stefano Turolo , Fabio Parazzini , Marco Reschini , Martina Abodi , Walter Vegetti , Francesca Chiaffarino , Camilla Bertoni , Edgardo Somigliana , Carlo Agostoni

Objectives

The present study investigated the relationship between fatty acid levels in whole blood in women undergoing in vitro fertilization and four successive assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed on data from a prospective cohort study conducted between 2014 and 2016.

Results

Participants were 238 women undergoing in vitro fertilization and participating in a study on the role of lifestyle habits and diet in ART outcomes. Blood polyunsaturated fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. Overall, higher blood levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and oleic acid and higher ω-6/ω-3 ratio and arachidonic/docosahexaenoic acid ratio were associated with more favorable ART outcomes. By contrast, higher concentrations of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids tended to be negatively associated with the considered outcomes.

Conclusions

Further prospective studies are needed to determine the ranges of fatty acid concentrations that are optimal for women with subfertility.

本研究调查了接受体外受精的女性全血中脂肪酸水平与四种连续辅助生殖技术（ART）结果之间的关系。结果238名接受体外受精的女性参与了一项关于生活习惯和饮食对ART结果影响的研究。通过气相色谱法测量了血液中的多不饱和脂肪酸。总体而言，血液中单不饱和脂肪酸和油酸含量越高，ω-6/ω-3 比率和花生四烯酸/二十二碳六烯酸比率越高，抗逆转录病毒疗法的效果越好。相比之下，较高浓度的长链多不饱和脂肪酸往往与所考虑的结果呈负相关。结论需要进一步开展前瞻性研究，以确定不孕症妇女的最佳脂肪酸浓度范围。

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引用次数: 0