A. Prusakova, N. Zelenevskiy, A. Prusakov, A. Yashin, V. Ponamarev
The aim of this research was to establish features of the liver histo-hematic barriers ultrastructural organization of the Anglo-Nubian goat. The liver of an adult Anglo-Nubian goat was used as the material. The work was carried out using the electron microscopic method. Liver parenchymal tissue fragments were selected. These samples were fixed in a 2.0% glutaraldehyde solution on a cacodylate buffer for two hours. They were then washed in three portions of the same buffer and post-fixed in a 1.0% solution of osmium tetrachloride for one hour. The samples were then dehydrated in alcohols of ascending concentration and absolute acetone. The subsequent filling of the fragments was carried out in Epon-812. Ultrathin sections were obtained on an ultramicrotome, contrasted with a 2.0% aqueous solution of uranyl acetate and a solution of lead citrate. The ultrathin sections were photographed with a Jem-1011 electron microscope at magnifications of 2500-3000. Two histo-hematic barriers are detected in the liver of the studied animals hemato-hepatic and hepatobiliary. The hemato-hepatic barrier is formed by the plasmalemma of the apical end of the hepatocyte, covered by the glycocalyx, the perisinusoidal space of the Disse, the endotheliocyte of the sinusoid capillary, as well as Kupfer cells located in the lumen of the latter. The hepatobiliary includes all of the above structures, with the exception of Kupfer cells, as well as the plasmalemma of the basal end of the hepatocyte. All of the above structures in their organization have characteristic species features for Anglo-Nubian goats.
{"title":"Organization of histo-hematic barriers of the liver in Anglo-Nubian goat","authors":"A. Prusakova, N. Zelenevskiy, A. Prusakov, A. Yashin, V. Ponamarev","doi":"10.51227/ojafr.2023.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2023.36","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to establish features of the liver histo-hematic barriers ultrastructural organization of the Anglo-Nubian goat. The liver of an adult Anglo-Nubian goat was used as the material. The work was carried out using the electron microscopic method. Liver parenchymal tissue fragments were selected. These samples were fixed in a 2.0% glutaraldehyde solution on a cacodylate buffer for two hours. They were then washed in three portions of the same buffer and post-fixed in a 1.0% solution of osmium tetrachloride for one hour. The samples were then dehydrated in alcohols of ascending concentration and absolute acetone. The subsequent filling of the fragments was carried out in Epon-812. Ultrathin sections were obtained on an ultramicrotome, contrasted with a 2.0% aqueous solution of uranyl acetate and a solution of lead citrate. The ultrathin sections were photographed with a Jem-1011 electron microscope at magnifications of 2500-3000. Two histo-hematic barriers are detected in the liver of the studied animals hemato-hepatic and hepatobiliary. The hemato-hepatic barrier is formed by the plasmalemma of the apical end of the hepatocyte, covered by the glycocalyx, the perisinusoidal space of the Disse, the endotheliocyte of the sinusoid capillary, as well as Kupfer cells located in the lumen of the latter. The hepatobiliary includes all of the above structures, with the exception of Kupfer cells, as well as the plasmalemma of the basal end of the hepatocyte. All of the above structures in their organization have characteristic species features for Anglo-Nubian goats.","PeriodicalId":19485,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47608777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the experiment was to determine the suitable crude protein level on feed intake and digestible nutrient value of Wagyu crossbred cattle from 13 to 20 months of age. The research included 2 experiments. Experiment 1: five male Wagyu x Zebu crossbred cattle (12.2±0.56 months of age and average live weight of 179±24.2 kg, Mean±SD). Experiment 2: five male Wagyu x Zebu crossbred cattle (16.7±1.05 month’s old and live weight of 276±22.0 kg). Two experiments were Latin square design (5x5) with 5 treatments and 5 periods (21 days per period). The treatments were different crude protein levels at 210, 245, 280, 315, and 350 g per 100 kg live weight (LW) corresponding to CP210, CP245, CP280, CP315, and CP350 treatments, respectively. The basal diet was commercial concentrate (1.2 kg/day), fresh Elephant grass (5.0 kg/day) and ad libitum rice straw. While soybean meal was used to adjust the dietary CP level per 100 kg LW in diets. The result showed that increasing nutrient consumption and metabolism energy (P<0.05) but reduced fiber intakes (P>0.05) by increasing crude protein levels. Experiment 1: the CP digestibility was highest (P<0.05) of CP350 (72.8%) treatment compare to CP210 (58.8%) treatments, while the CP280 (67.2%) treatment was not significant (P>0.05) with CP245 (62.9%) and CP315 (71.7%) treatments. Experiment 2: the highest CP digestibility (P<0.05) of CP350 treatment as compared to CP315, CP280, CP245, and CP210 treatments (80.2, 77.4, 73.1, 70.5, and 65.0%, respectively). As a result, increasing CP levels per 100 kg BW could rise nutrients digestibility and digestible value for Wagyu crossbred cattle. The level of 245 g CP per 100kg live weight in Wagyu crossbred cattle diet from 13 to 20 months of age could be recommended for application.
{"title":"Effect of dietary crude protein levels on feed intake and nutrient digestibility of Wagyu crossbred cattle","authors":"Nguyen BINH TRUONG, Truong THANH TRUNG","doi":"10.51227/ojafr.2023.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2023.44","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the experiment was to determine the suitable crude protein level on feed intake and digestible nutrient value of Wagyu crossbred cattle from 13 to 20 months of age. The research included 2 experiments. Experiment 1: five male Wagyu x Zebu crossbred cattle (12.2±0.56 months of age and average live weight of 179±24.2 kg, Mean±SD). Experiment 2: five male Wagyu x Zebu crossbred cattle (16.7±1.05 month’s old and live weight of 276±22.0 kg). Two experiments were Latin square design (5x5) with 5 treatments and 5 periods (21 days per period). The treatments were different crude protein levels at 210, 245, 280, 315, and 350 g per 100 kg live weight (LW) corresponding to CP210, CP245, CP280, CP315, and CP350 treatments, respectively. The basal diet was commercial concentrate (1.2 kg/day), fresh Elephant grass (5.0 kg/day) and ad libitum rice straw. While soybean meal was used to adjust the dietary CP level per 100 kg LW in diets. The result showed that increasing nutrient consumption and metabolism energy (P<0.05) but reduced fiber intakes (P>0.05) by increasing crude protein levels. Experiment 1: the CP digestibility was highest (P<0.05) of CP350 (72.8%) treatment compare to CP210 (58.8%) treatments, while the CP280 (67.2%) treatment was not significant (P>0.05) with CP245 (62.9%) and CP315 (71.7%) treatments. Experiment 2: the highest CP digestibility (P<0.05) of CP350 treatment as compared to CP315, CP280, CP245, and CP210 treatments (80.2, 77.4, 73.1, 70.5, and 65.0%, respectively). As a result, increasing CP levels per 100 kg BW could rise nutrients digestibility and digestible value for Wagyu crossbred cattle. The level of 245 g CP per 100kg live weight in Wagyu crossbred cattle diet from 13 to 20 months of age could be recommended for application.","PeriodicalId":19485,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46002745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa Nashfati Muhammad, S. Purwanti, W. Pakiding, .. Marhamah, .. Nurhayu, K. I. Prahesti, S. Sirajuddin, A. Mushawwir
Sources of high protein feed ingredients can come from plants and animals (insects), namely Indigofera zollingeriana syn. and black soldier fly larvae. The addition of natural feed additives to feed can be obtained from turmeric phytobiotics which have many biological activities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of Indigofera zollingeriana syn., black soldier fly (BSF) larvae and turmeric on the performance and histomorphology of the bursa Fabricius in the native chicken starter phase. The research design was completely randomized with 3 treatments and 5 replications with 6 chickens per unit. The combination treatments were P0 (Commercial feed as control); P1 (5% Indigofera flour + 25% BSF larvae flour + 2.5% turmeric flour) and P2 (10% Indigofera flour + 20% BSF larvae flour + 2.5% turmeric flour). Parameters measured in this study were performance (body weight gain, feed consumption, FCR) and bursa of fabricius histomorphology in native chickens. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the combination of Indigofera zollingeriana syn., BSF larvae and turmeric had a significant effect on the performance of native chickens but could not match the performance of P0 (control feed). While the histomorphology of bursa Fabricius showed that the combination of Indigofera zolliengeriana flour up to 10% and 25% black soldier fly larvae flour in the feed identified the medulla width, cortex thickness and follicle width can increase lymphocyte cells to produce antibodies for native chickens at starter phase.
{"title":"Effect of combination of Indigofera zollingeriana, black soldier fly larvae, and turmeric on performance and histomorphological characterizes of native chicken at starter phase","authors":"Lisa Nashfati Muhammad, S. Purwanti, W. Pakiding, .. Marhamah, .. Nurhayu, K. I. Prahesti, S. Sirajuddin, A. Mushawwir","doi":"10.51227/ojafr.2023.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2023.42","url":null,"abstract":"Sources of high protein feed ingredients can come from plants and animals (insects), namely Indigofera zollingeriana syn. and black soldier fly larvae. The addition of natural feed additives to feed can be obtained from turmeric phytobiotics which have many biological activities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of Indigofera zollingeriana syn., black soldier fly (BSF) larvae and turmeric on the performance and histomorphology of the bursa Fabricius in the native chicken starter phase. The research design was completely randomized with 3 treatments and 5 replications with 6 chickens per unit. The combination treatments were P0 (Commercial feed as control); P1 (5% Indigofera flour + 25% BSF larvae flour + 2.5% turmeric flour) and P2 (10% Indigofera flour + 20% BSF larvae flour + 2.5% turmeric flour). Parameters measured in this study were performance (body weight gain, feed consumption, FCR) and bursa of fabricius histomorphology in native chickens. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the combination of Indigofera zollingeriana syn., BSF larvae and turmeric had a significant effect on the performance of native chickens but could not match the performance of P0 (control feed). While the histomorphology of bursa Fabricius showed that the combination of Indigofera zolliengeriana flour up to 10% and 25% black soldier fly larvae flour in the feed identified the medulla width, cortex thickness and follicle width can increase lymphocyte cells to produce antibodies for native chickens at starter phase.","PeriodicalId":19485,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70624172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Like in other Saharan regions, the Animal Production Subsidy Program has increased the herd in Ghardaia. The creation of breeding farms in such areas has generated specific dynamics through a set of measures that have had different impacts on the components of this sector. The data from the guides addressed to the various stakeholders illustrates that the management of the breeding farms presents shortcomings at different levels and even compromises its sustainability. In our model, around 49 % of farmers are renting their farmland, while 51 % are managing their own land. A significant portion of breeders (approximately 75.88 %) expresses the view that the main obstacle hindering the progress of these treatments is the insufficient availability of outreach programs. Applying this management results in young breeders abandoning the farms and using them for other activities. As a solution, the government must revise its agricultural programs and investments in order to achieve the long-term development goals that have been set. The measures to be taken are discussed to preserve the sector and explain the substantial investments made by the public authorities.
{"title":"A new reading of the animal production subsidy program for the Saharan regions: Opportunities and constraints","authors":"Ali Bensaha, H. Bensaha, L. Bensaha","doi":"10.51227/ojafr.2023.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2023.46","url":null,"abstract":"Like in other Saharan regions, the Animal Production Subsidy Program has increased the herd in Ghardaia. The creation of breeding farms in such areas has generated specific dynamics through a set of measures that have had different impacts on the components of this sector. The data from the guides addressed to the various stakeholders illustrates that the management of the breeding farms presents shortcomings at different levels and even compromises its sustainability. In our model, around 49 % of farmers are renting their farmland, while 51 % are managing their own land. A significant portion of breeders (approximately 75.88 %) expresses the view that the main obstacle hindering the progress of these treatments is the insufficient availability of outreach programs. Applying this management results in young breeders abandoning the farms and using them for other activities. As a solution, the government must revise its agricultural programs and investments in order to achieve the long-term development goals that have been set. The measures to be taken are discussed to preserve the sector and explain the substantial investments made by the public authorities.","PeriodicalId":19485,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46577990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emeka Emmanuel Osuji, C. Igberi, Charles Enyia, Esther Nwachukwu, R. Nwose, Adewale Adeolu, A. TIM-ASHAMA, Geoffrey Nkwocha, Amelia Eleazar, Daniel Gabriel
This study explores the impacts of climate change on milk production in Nigeria. Climate variables such as temperature, rainfall, sunshine, relative humidity and wind speed were considered as covariates in the analysis. Time-series data spanning a period of forty years obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria and FAOSTAT database was used. The autoregressive distributed lag model was used to analyze both the short run and long run impacts of climate change on milk production. As expected, not all the variables were stationary at levels, but they were all significant at the difference suggesting the presence of cointegration. The result showed that the Bound’s test F-ratio was statistically significant implies the existence of long run and short run relationships among the variables studied. Present findings revealed that temperature, rainfall and relative humidity had a negative impact on milk production, while sunlight recorded a positive impact on milk production both in the short run and long run estimates. The study concludes that milk production in Nigeria dropped as a result of climate change particularly rising temperature and prolonged rainfall. Agricultural climate smart practices were recommended to mitigate impact of climate change on milk production.
{"title":"Impact of climate change on milk production in Nigeria","authors":"Emeka Emmanuel Osuji, C. Igberi, Charles Enyia, Esther Nwachukwu, R. Nwose, Adewale Adeolu, A. TIM-ASHAMA, Geoffrey Nkwocha, Amelia Eleazar, Daniel Gabriel","doi":"10.51227/ojafr.2023.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2023.37","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the impacts of climate change on milk production in Nigeria. Climate variables such as temperature, rainfall, sunshine, relative humidity and wind speed were considered as covariates in the analysis. Time-series data spanning a period of forty years obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria and FAOSTAT database was used. The autoregressive distributed lag model was used to analyze both the short run and long run impacts of climate change on milk production. As expected, not all the variables were stationary at levels, but they were all significant at the difference suggesting the presence of cointegration. The result showed that the Bound’s test F-ratio was statistically significant implies the existence of long run and short run relationships among the variables studied. Present findings revealed that temperature, rainfall and relative humidity had a negative impact on milk production, while sunlight recorded a positive impact on milk production both in the short run and long run estimates. The study concludes that milk production in Nigeria dropped as a result of climate change particularly rising temperature and prolonged rainfall. Agricultural climate smart practices were recommended to mitigate impact of climate change on milk production.","PeriodicalId":19485,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70624114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to identify the major causes of colony decline in the Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia. Three districts, namely, Yirga Cheffe, Wonago, and Dilla Zuria, were purposefully selected based on beekeeping potential. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data from 135 beekeepers and 15 key informants using a semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussion, and personal observation of apiary sites. The results revealed two main causes of colony declines in the Gedeo zone: colony management-related factors and natural factors. Seventy percent of beekeepers lack the practical skills to perform hive inspection; 47% do not feed their colonies; 45% spray pesticides and insecticides near their apiaries; and 82% fail to control swarming. As a result, 87% of sampled beekeepers have experienced frequent colony absconding. The trends of colony decline showed an increase from 2008 to 2020 in the highlands and from 2008 to 2017 in the midlands and lowlands, respectively. The number of households facing colony declines increased in all agro-ecologies from 2008 to 2020. Pests and predators, like wax moths, and small hive beetles were take the first rank followed by ants, the inherent behavior of honeybees, a shortage of flora, and the presence of poisonous plants were the top five challenges among natural factors, respectively. Therefore, we strongly recommend educating beekeepers on scientific methods of colony management and planting bee flora. Laboratory diagnostics are required to identify bee diseases.
{"title":"Causes of honeybee colony decline in south Ethiopia","authors":"Asrat Diriba, Markos Fisaha, Dereje Andualem","doi":"10.51227/ojafr.2023.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2023.39","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to identify the major causes of colony decline in the Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia. Three districts, namely, Yirga Cheffe, Wonago, and Dilla Zuria, were purposefully selected based on beekeeping potential. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data from 135 beekeepers and 15 key informants using a semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussion, and personal observation of apiary sites. The results revealed two main causes of colony declines in the Gedeo zone: colony management-related factors and natural factors. Seventy percent of beekeepers lack the practical skills to perform hive inspection; 47% do not feed their colonies; 45% spray pesticides and insecticides near their apiaries; and 82% fail to control swarming. As a result, 87% of sampled beekeepers have experienced frequent colony absconding. The trends of colony decline showed an increase from 2008 to 2020 in the highlands and from 2008 to 2017 in the midlands and lowlands, respectively. The number of households facing colony declines increased in all agro-ecologies from 2008 to 2020. Pests and predators, like wax moths, and small hive beetles were take the first rank followed by ants, the inherent behavior of honeybees, a shortage of flora, and the presence of poisonous plants were the top five challenges among natural factors, respectively. Therefore, we strongly recommend educating beekeepers on scientific methods of colony management and planting bee flora. Laboratory diagnostics are required to identify bee diseases.","PeriodicalId":19485,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49420314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruminants are given substantial quantities of concentrate diets full of quickly fermentable carbohydrates to increase output performance; however, it can also lead to digestive disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding NaCHO3 to a high-concentrate diet on the nutrient digestibility of locally available fibrous feedstuffs in the Philippines. The experiment utilized a rumen-fistulated Brahman bull. The treatment diets were the following: Treatment 1 (T1): Untreated rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw; T2: Urea-treated rice straw; T3: Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach); T4: Napier silage; T5: Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) tops; and T6: Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.). The nylon bags containing the treatment diets were incubated in the rumen at two periods: first at a high-concentrate (70% level), and second at a high concentrate added with NaCHO3). The results showed that the nutrient digestibility of locally-available feedstuffs varies significantly (p<0.05) both with and without NaHCO3. The addition of NaHCO3 in a high-fiber diet improves the digestibility of locally available fibrous feedstuffs in terms of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Therefore, the addition of NaHCO3 to a high-concentrate diet has the potential to positively stabilize rumen pH and enhance the nutrient digestibility of locally available fibrous feedstuffs.
{"title":"Nutrient digestibility of fibrous feedstuffs in high-concentrate diet with sodium-bicarbonate (NaHCO3) addition in rumen-fistulated Brahman bull","authors":"Richelle A. Niepes, L. Bestil","doi":"10.51227/ojafr.2023.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2023.35","url":null,"abstract":"Ruminants are given substantial quantities of concentrate diets full of quickly fermentable carbohydrates to increase output performance; however, it can also lead to digestive disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding NaCHO3 to a high-concentrate diet on the nutrient digestibility of locally available fibrous feedstuffs in the Philippines. The experiment utilized a rumen-fistulated Brahman bull. The treatment diets were the following: Treatment 1 (T1): Untreated rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw; T2: Urea-treated rice straw; T3: Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach); T4: Napier silage; T5: Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) tops; and T6: Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.). The nylon bags containing the treatment diets were incubated in the rumen at two periods: first at a high-concentrate (70% level), and second at a high concentrate added with NaCHO3). The results showed that the nutrient digestibility of locally-available feedstuffs varies significantly (p<0.05) both with and without NaHCO3. The addition of NaHCO3 in a high-fiber diet improves the digestibility of locally available fibrous feedstuffs in terms of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Therefore, the addition of NaHCO3 to a high-concentrate diet has the potential to positively stabilize rumen pH and enhance the nutrient digestibility of locally available fibrous feedstuffs.","PeriodicalId":19485,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45433787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Idan, T. ADOGLA-BESSA, F. O. Sarkwa, C. Antwi, A. Osman, Yunus Abdul Aziz
Fodder tree leaves (FTLs) contain high levels of protein, vitamins, and minerals that play a major role in enhancing roughage intake by ruminants, thus improving low-quality roughage utilization. The study sought to measure the rumen degradation characteristics, pH, and ammonia N concentration of sheep fed rice straw (RS) and supplemented with FTLs. Four forest-type rumen-fistulated rams of an average weight of 19.0±1.2 kg were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design. Treatment diets consisted of urea-ammoniated straw (UAS; control), RS+100% Leucaena leucocephala (L), RS+100% Samanea saman (S), and RS+50% L+50% S (LS). Data obtained were subjected to the Glimmix procedure of SAS (2016) and significant means were separated using Tukey’s test at (P<0.05). Treatments differed significantly (P<0.001) in the quantity of readily soluble materials (a), rate of degradation (c), and a potentially degradable fraction (P) with LS recording the highest a, c, and P among the treatments. Ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations differed significantly (P<0.0001) among the treatments. Overall mean rumen pH values obtained ranged from 6.44 in UAS to 6.72 in the S-supplemented diet whereas mean rumen ammonia values ranged from 4.59 mg/100 ml in sheep fed UAS diet to 9.15 mg/L in sheep fed L diet. The pH values obtained imply that the experimental diets could improve rumen fermentation and, hence, serve as good sources of feed for ruminants. The rumen DM degradation values indicated that sufficient amounts of DM would be degraded over a period of time, thus releasing substantial quantities into the small intestines for digestion to provide essential nutrients needed for better animal performance. The rumen ammonia values obtained were higher than the minimum values recommended for optimal microbial activity for animals fed lignocellulosic materials. This indicated that such FTLs could be utilized for moderate animal performance, especially during the dry seasons when natural pastures are qualitatively and quantitatively poor.
{"title":"Effects of fodder tree leave supplementation for basal rice straw diet on rumen ammonia, pH, and degradation characteristics in sheep","authors":"F. Idan, T. ADOGLA-BESSA, F. O. Sarkwa, C. Antwi, A. Osman, Yunus Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.51227/ojafr.2023.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2023.43","url":null,"abstract":"Fodder tree leaves (FTLs) contain high levels of protein, vitamins, and minerals that play a major role in enhancing roughage intake by ruminants, thus improving low-quality roughage utilization. The study sought to measure the rumen degradation characteristics, pH, and ammonia N concentration of sheep fed rice straw (RS) and supplemented with FTLs. Four forest-type rumen-fistulated rams of an average weight of 19.0±1.2 kg were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design. Treatment diets consisted of urea-ammoniated straw (UAS; control), RS+100% Leucaena leucocephala (L), RS+100% Samanea saman (S), and RS+50% L+50% S (LS). Data obtained were subjected to the Glimmix procedure of SAS (2016) and significant means were separated using Tukey’s test at (P<0.05). Treatments differed significantly (P<0.001) in the quantity of readily soluble materials (a), rate of degradation (c), and a potentially degradable fraction (P) with LS recording the highest a, c, and P among the treatments. Ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations differed significantly (P<0.0001) among the treatments. Overall mean rumen pH values obtained ranged from 6.44 in UAS to 6.72 in the S-supplemented diet whereas mean rumen ammonia values ranged from 4.59 mg/100 ml in sheep fed UAS diet to 9.15 mg/L in sheep fed L diet. The pH values obtained imply that the experimental diets could improve rumen fermentation and, hence, serve as good sources of feed for ruminants. The rumen DM degradation values indicated that sufficient amounts of DM would be degraded over a period of time, thus releasing substantial quantities into the small intestines for digestion to provide essential nutrients needed for better animal performance. The rumen ammonia values obtained were higher than the minimum values recommended for optimal microbial activity for animals fed lignocellulosic materials. This indicated that such FTLs could be utilized for moderate animal performance, especially during the dry seasons when natural pastures are qualitatively and quantitatively poor.\u0000","PeriodicalId":19485,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45226623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francis Kruenti, J. Hagan, Samuel Ayeh Ofori, V. Lamptey
This investigation evaluated the effects of storage length and temperature on the proximate and mineral compositions of yolk and albumen (white) of chicken eggs. A total of 720 eggs were used in a 4 X 2 factorial experiment consisting of four (0, 7, 14 and 21) storage days and two (room and cold) storage temperatures. Data obtained were subjected to ANOVA. The results showed no significant effect of storage length on crude protein and ash contents of the egg parts whereas carbohydrate increased significantly with increasing storage length. Also, protein and fat contents of the yolk were largely influenced (p<0.05) by storage temperature but nutrients in the albumen did not differ significantly between the two storage temperatures. On the other hand, mineral compositions of the egg components did not vary noticeably by storage temperature but storage length influenced some minerals considerably. It was noted that variations in proximate and mineral contents of egg yolk and albumen under different storage conditions exist; so, storage conditions (length and temperature) must be given much attention when keeping eggs prior to consumption in order to ensure nutrient quality.
{"title":"Variability in proximate and mineral compositions of yolk and albumen in eggs kept under different storage conditions","authors":"Francis Kruenti, J. Hagan, Samuel Ayeh Ofori, V. Lamptey","doi":"10.51227/ojafr.2023.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2023.26","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation evaluated the effects of storage length and temperature on the proximate and mineral compositions of yolk and albumen (white) of chicken eggs. A total of 720 eggs were used in a 4 X 2 factorial experiment consisting of four (0, 7, 14 and 21) storage days and two (room and cold) storage temperatures. Data obtained were subjected to ANOVA. The results showed no significant effect of storage length on crude protein and ash contents of the egg parts whereas carbohydrate increased significantly with increasing storage length. Also, protein and fat contents of the yolk were largely influenced (p<0.05) by storage temperature but nutrients in the albumen did not differ significantly between the two storage temperatures. On the other hand, mineral compositions of the egg components did not vary noticeably by storage temperature but storage length influenced some minerals considerably. It was noted that variations in proximate and mineral contents of egg yolk and albumen under different storage conditions exist; so, storage conditions (length and temperature) must be given much attention when keeping eggs prior to consumption in order to ensure nutrient quality.","PeriodicalId":19485,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41880093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Tran, Anh Thi Quynh Nguyen, H. Duong, C. Nguyen, Tinh Huu Hoang, Na Thi Tran, D. V. Dinh, Ba Xuan Nguyen, C. Ho
The experiment was conducted in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province of Vietnam, to evaluate the effect of concentrate supplementation on the reproductive traits of local Co goats and growth performance of their kids. A total of 20 pregnant Co goats in the last 1.5 month of pregnancy were monitored in two reproductive cycles. Goats were randomly divided into two dietary treatments as control (CG), in which animals freely grazed, and experiment (EG), in which concentrates were supplemented at 1.0% and 1.5% BW in the late gestation and lactation periods, respectively. After kidding, kids in each treatment were kept with their mother to access milk for the whole study period. In the CG, the kids have no supplements, and in the EG, the kids of 1 to 3 months of age were supplemented the concentrate at 1.5% BW/day. The results indicated that higher body condition scores and body weights of does after kidding, 1 and 2 months postpartum were in the EG than in the CG. The supplementation of concentrate also reduced the postpartum and kidding intervals; and increased the number of litters per year of does. Furthermore, the supplementation of concentrate improved significantly the weaning weight of kids and financial benefit per doe/per litter. In conclusion, the supplementation of concentrate in late pregnancy period and lactation diets improved reproductive traits of local Co goats and also concentrate supplementation in kids’ diet improved growth performance under grazing condition.
{"title":"Effects of concentrate supplementation on reproductive traits of Co goats and growth performance of their kids under grazing condition","authors":"H. Tran, Anh Thi Quynh Nguyen, H. Duong, C. Nguyen, Tinh Huu Hoang, Na Thi Tran, D. V. Dinh, Ba Xuan Nguyen, C. Ho","doi":"10.51227/ojafr.2023.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2023.31","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province of Vietnam, to evaluate the effect of concentrate supplementation on the reproductive traits of local Co goats and growth performance of their kids. A total of 20 pregnant Co goats in the last 1.5 month of pregnancy were monitored in two reproductive cycles. Goats were randomly divided into two dietary treatments as control (CG), in which animals freely grazed, and experiment (EG), in which concentrates were supplemented at 1.0% and 1.5% BW in the late gestation and lactation periods, respectively. After kidding, kids in each treatment were kept with their mother to access milk for the whole study period. In the CG, the kids have no supplements, and in the EG, the kids of 1 to 3 months of age were supplemented the concentrate at 1.5% BW/day. The results indicated that higher body condition scores and body weights of does after kidding, 1 and 2 months postpartum were in the EG than in the CG. The supplementation of concentrate also reduced the postpartum and kidding intervals; and increased the number of litters per year of does. Furthermore, the supplementation of concentrate improved significantly the weaning weight of kids and financial benefit per doe/per litter. In conclusion, the supplementation of concentrate in late pregnancy period and lactation diets improved reproductive traits of local Co goats and also concentrate supplementation in kids’ diet improved growth performance under grazing condition.","PeriodicalId":19485,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46051096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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