Journal of Integrative Plant Biology最新文献

In plants, proteins are fundamental to virtually all biological processes, such as photosynthesis, signal transduction, metabolic regulation, and stress responses. Studying protein distribution, function, modifications, and interactions at the cellular and tissue levels is critical for unraveling the complexities of these biological pathways. Protein abundance and localization are highly dynamic and vary widely across the proteome, presenting a challenge for global protein quantification and analysis. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics approaches have proven to be powerful tools for addressing this complex issue. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in proteomics research and their applications in plant biology, with an emphasis on the current state and challenges of studying post-translational modifications, single-cell proteomics, and protein-protein interactions. Additionally, we discuss future prospects for plant proteomics, highlighting potential opportunities that proteomics technologies offer in advancing plant biology research.

Casbene and neocembrene are casbene-type macrocyclic diterpenes; their derivatives play significant roles in plant defense and have pharmaceutical applications. We had previously characterized a casbene synthase, TERPENE SYNTHASE 28 (OsTPS28), in rice (Oryza sativa). However, the mechanism of neocembrene biosynthesis in rice remained unclear. In this study, we identified two genes of the TPS-a1 subfamily, OsTPS2 and OsTPS10, encoding a neocembrene synthase and sesquiterpene synthase, respectively, as supported by enzyme activity assays and determination of subcellular localization. Metabolic profiling of rice lines overexpressing either TPS confirmed the catalytic functions of OsTPS2 and OsTPS10, and suggested that OsTPS10 enhances resistance to rice bacterial blight. An evolutionary analysis revealed that OsTPS10 is conserved in monocots and first appeared in wild rice, whereas OsTPS2 and OsTPS28 sequentially evolved through gene duplication, transit peptide recruitment, and mutation of key amino acids such as H362R. In summary, this study not only deepens our understanding of the metabolic pathways and evolutionary history governing the biosynthesis of casbene-type diterpenoids in rice, representing parallel and divergent evolution within the gene family, and offers gene resources for the improvement of rice.

Plants depend heavily on efficient nutrient uptake and utilization for optimal growth and development. However, plants are constantly subjected to a diverse array of biotic stresses, such as pathogen infections, insect pests, and herbivory, as well as abiotic stress like drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and nutrient imbalances. These stresses significantly impact the plant's ability to take up nutrient and use it efficiency. Understanding how plants maintain nutrient uptake and use efficiency under biotic and abiotic stress conditions is crucial for improving crop resilience and sustainability. This review explores the recent advancements in elucidating the mechanisms underlying nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency in plants under such stress conditions. Our aim is to offer a comprehensive perspective that can guide the breeding of stress-tolerant and nutrition-efficient crop varieties, ultimately contributing to the advancement of sustainable agriculture.

This commentary discusses the recent identification of hydrogen peroxide as systemic acquired resistance-inducing signal and its dose-dependent effect on salicylic acid biosynthesis in the systemic tissues in response to a pathogen attack.

Carbon assimilation is a crucial part of the photosynthetic process, wherein inorganic carbon, typically in the form of CO₂, is converted into organic compounds by living organisms, including plants, algae, and a subset of bacteria. Although several carbon fixation pathways have been elucidated, the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle remains fundamental to carbon metabolism, playing a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of starch and sucrose in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. However, Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), the key carboxylase enzyme of the CBB cycle, exhibits low kinetic efficiency, low substrate specificity, and high temperature sensitivity, all of which have the potential to limit flux through this pathway. Consequently, RuBisCO needs to be present at very high concentrations, which is one of the factors contributing to its status as the most prevalent protein on Earth. Numerous attempts have been made to optimize the catalytic efficiency of RuBisCO and thereby promote plant growth. Furthermore, the limitations of this process highlight the potential benefits of engineering or discovering more efficient carbon fixation mechanisms, either by improving RuBisCO itself or by introducing alternative pathways. Here, we review advances in artificial carbon assimilation engineering, including the integration of synthetic biology, genetic engineering, metabolic pathway optimization, and artificial intelligence in order to create plants capable of performing more efficient photosynthesis. We additionally provide a perspective of current challenges and potential solutions alongside a personal opinion of the most promising future directions of this emerging field.

In Populus simonii, the N-terminal acetyltransferase subunit gene PsiNAA20 was induced by salt stress and osmotic stress and regulates root development. The spatiotemporal specificity of PsiNAA20-interacting gene expression and translation efficiency suggested dual functions in poplar root development under salt stress and osmotic stress.

Plant viruses cause substantial agricultural devastation and economic losses worldwide. Plant nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) play a pivotal role in detecting viral infection and activating robust immune responses. Recent advances, including the elucidation of the interaction mechanisms between NLRs and pathogen effectors, the discovery of helper NLRs, and the resolution of the ZAR1 resistosome structure, have significantly deepened our understanding of NLR-mediated immune responses, marking a new era in NLR research. In this scenario, significant progress has been made in the study of NLR-mediated antiviral immunity. This review comprehensively summarizes the progress made in plant antiviral NLR research over the past decades, with a focus on NLR recognition of viral pathogen effectors, NLR activation and regulation, downstream immune signaling, and the engineering of NLRs.

Members of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) proteins are reportedly involved in a variety of biotic and abiotic responses and stomatal movement. However, it is unknown if and how a single member could regulate multiple responses. Here we characterized three closely related CNGC genes in rice, OsCNGC14, OsCNGC15 and OsCNGC16, to determine whether they function in multiple abiotic stresses. The loss-of-function mutants of each of these three genes had reduced calcium ion (Ca²⁺) influx and slower stomatal closure in response to heat, chilling, drought and the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA). These mutants also had reduced tolerance to heat, chilling and drought compared with the wild-type. Conversely, overexpression of OsCNGC16 led to a more rapid stomatal closure response to stresses and enhanced tolerance to heat, chilling and drought. The tight association of stomatal closure and stress tolerance strongly suggests that tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses conferred by these OsCNGC genes results at least partially from their regulation of stomatal movement. In addition, physical interactions were observed among the three OsCNGC proteins but not with a distantly related CNGC, suggesting the formation of hetero-oligomers among themselves. This study unveils the crucial role of OsCNGC14, 15 and 16 proteins in stomatal response and tolerance to multiple stresses, suggesting a mechanism of tolerance to multiple stresses that involves calcium influx and stomatal movement regulation.

In apple (Malus domestica), the abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive factor ABA INSENSITIVE5 directly activates MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MdMAX2), an important strigolactone signaling component; an abscisic acid-restricted E3 ubiquitin ligase modulates MdMAX2 turnover, thus linking strigolactone and abscisic acid signaling.

Lodging reduces grain yield and quality in cereal crops. Lodging resistance is affected by the strength of the culm, which is influenced by the culm diameter, culm wall thickness, and cell wall composition. To explore the genetic architecture of culm diameter in rice (Oryza sativa), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS). We identified STRONG CULM 2 (STRONG2), which encodes the mannan synthase CSLA5, and showed that plants that overexpressed this gene had increased culm diameter and improved lodging resistance. STRONG2 appears to increase the levels of cell wall components, such as mannose and cellulose, thereby enhancing sclerenchyma development in stems. SNP14931253 in the STRONG2 promoter contributes to variation in STRONG2 expression in natural germplasms and the transcription factor MYB61 directly activates STRONG2 expression. Furthermore, STRONG2 overexpressing plants produced significantly more grains per panicle and heavier grains than the wild-type plants. These results demonstrate that the MYB61-STRONG2 module positively regulates culm diameter and lodging resistance, information that could guide breeding efforts for improved yield in rice.