Journal of Integrative Plant Biology最新文献

Cellular asymmetry, which represents a fundamental characteristic of cell polarity, is prominently illustrated by the apical-basal localization of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers in Arabidopsis thaliana. Although the maintenance of PIN polarity at the plasma membrane (PM) relies on endomembrane trafficking, the pivotal factors responsible for recruiting PIN proteins to the PM remain largely unknown. In this study, we discover that EXO70G1 displays a polarized distribution at the PM in root cells. Acting as a putative subunit of the exocyst complex, which mediates the tethering of exocytic vesicles to the PM, EXO70G1 exhibits continuous recycling foci at the PM, and its dynamic behavior is akin to that of SEC6 and SEC8. Disruption of EXO70G1 and its homolog EXO70G2 in Arabidopsis reduces auxin accumulation and primary root length. Importantly, the recycling of PIN2 from the brefeldin A (BFA) compartment to the PM is compromised, and the abundance of PIN2 at the PM is reduced in the exo70G1 exo70G2 backgrounds. Interestingly, live-cell imaging reveals that the polarity of EXO70G1 is established during cytokinesis, prior to that of PIN2, and is maintained throughout the subsequent phases of cell elongation and differentiation. When the lipid raft was disturbed, the accumulation of EXO70G1 at the PM decreased. Our findings highlight the crucial role of EXO70G1 in root development by providing positional cues that facilitate the recycling efficiency of PIN2 to the PM.

Although terpenoids display chemical and structural diversities as well as important biological activities, they are biosynthesized through polymerization of C5 isoprene units according to the "biogenetic isoprene rule." However, recent observations have identified irregular terpenes, such as C11, C12, C16, and C17, in some microbial species. These irregular terpenes have garnered research interest due to the "Magic Methyl Effect." These compounds are biosynthesized from the methyl modification of terpene skeletons at a detectable level in Escherichia coli. To explore key factors in the biosynthesis of irregular terpenes, we conducted a screening of C-methyltransferases by UniKP, synthesized methyl-isopentenyl pyrophosphate as a precursor building unit, and polymerized it with C5 isoprene units to generate methyl β-elemene via farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase and germacrene A synthase. Finally, the yield of methyl β-elemene reached 6.98 mg/L, representing a 2.46-fold increase, with a ratio of methylated to native β-elemene increasing by 0.21 through the introduction S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase and the optimization of germacrene A synthase. These findings not only expand the chemical diversity of terpenoids but also highlight the evolutionary plasticity of terpene synthases in generating structural novelty.

Wang, W., Wang, W., Wu, Y., Li, Q., Zhang, G., Shi, R., Yang, J., Wang, Y., and Wang, W. (2020). The involvement of wheat U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase TaPUB1 in salt stress tolerance. J. Integr. Plant Biol. 62: 631–651. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12842

In Figure 4B, the fluorescence images for TaPUB1-RNAi 5 were incorrect. The error occurred due to misplacement of images during assembly of the composite figure. The authors reviewed the original photographs and prepared corrected images. Both the original and revised versions of Figure 4B are shown below. The correction does not affect the description of the data, or conclusions drawn in the text.

We apologize for this error.

Grapes have been a part of human civilization throughout our history. Cultivated grapes were domesticated from wild grapes and the cover illustrates the domestication process: wild grapes on the left contrast with cultivated grapes on the right, mitochondria symbolize the cytoplasmic component, a DNA double helix bridges genetic information exchange, and the nucleus within the grape fruits represents the nuclear genome. Together, these images highlight the continuous cytonuclear interactions that have shaped grape domestication. This cover features the study by Hou et al. (page: 2686–2703), who uncovered the potential role of cytoplasmic genomes in domestication, offering new insights into grape evolution and crop improvement.

Chitin and its deacetylated derivative chitosan are the major components of fungal cell walls and are recognized by plant pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) as pathogen-associated molecular patterns that induce innate immunity. Recognition of chitin oligosaccharide (CTOS) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa) requires the membrane-localized lysin-motif (LysM)-domain-containing receptors AtLYK5 and OsCEBiP, respectively. However, the mechanism underlying chitosan oligosaccharide (CSOS)-induced plant immunity remains unclear. In this study, we determined that CTOS and CSOS trigger immune responses and boost disease resistance in soybean (Glycine max) through the LysM-domain-containing protein GmNRF5a and its co-receptor GmCERK1. Surprisingly, both GmNFR5a and GmCERK1 bind directly to CTOS and CSOS, with distinct binding sites. The receptor-like kinase GmCAK1 acts downstream of GmCERK1 and is essential for CTOS/CSOS-mediated immune activation. Overall, these findings uncovered how soybean plants respond to CSOS and initiate immune signaling, demonstrating that soybean exploits shared immune sectors to transduce immune signals triggered by CTOS/CSOS, paving the way for the development of disease-resistant crops with broad-spectrum resistance.

Dissecting quantitative traits into Mendelian factors is a great challenge in genetics. Apple fruit storability is a complex trait controlled by multi-genes with unequal effects. We previously identified 62 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with apple fruit storability and genomics-assisted prediction (GAP) models were trained using 56 QTL-based markers. Here, three candidate genes, MdNAC83, MdBPM2, and MdRGLG3, were screened from the regions of QTLs with large G’ value and large genetic effects. Both a 216-bp deletion and an SNP934 T/C at the promoter of MdNAC83 were associated with higher MdNAC83 expression but an SNP388 G/A at the coding region significantly reduced the activity to activate the expression of the target genes MdACO1, MdMANA3, and MdXTH28. MdBPM2 and MdRGLG3 participated in the ubiquitination of MdNAC83. SNP657 T/A of MdBPM2 and SNP167 C/G of MdRGLG3 caused a reduction in the activity to ubiquitinate MdNAC83. By the addition of functional markers to the GenoBaits SNP array, the prediction accuracy of the updated GAP models increased to 0.7723/0.6231 and 0.5639/0.5345 for flesh firmness/crispness at harvest and flesh firmness/crispness retainability, respectively. The variation network involving eight simple Mendelian variations in six genes helps to gain insight into the molecular quantitative genetics, to improve breeding strategy, and to provide targets for future genome editing.

Gene scarcity and resistance breakdown limit the utility of plant NLRs. Findings in Nature by Wang et al. (2025) describe a bioengineering strategy using N-terminal blocking peptides to achieve tunable NLR activation, providing durable, broad-spectrum resistance to potyviruses in plants.