Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-08-31DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.13
Winda Kusuma Dewi, Bondan Sigit Purnomo Aji, Faisal Fikri, Agus Purnomo, Salipudin Tasil Maslamama, Hakan Çalışkan, Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama
Background: Due to their efficient insulation, lack of sweat glands, relatively quick metabolic rate, and heightened sensitivity to heat, the poultry industry faces a serious problem with heat stress. Combining vitamins has been demonstrated to be more effective than implementing a single vitamin in reducing the effects of heat stress.
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the multivitamin combination in feed on the growth performance, egg quality, and antioxidant enzymes in laying hens exposed to heat stress.
Methods: A total of 28 Isa Brown strains aged 18 weeks were randomly designated into seven groups with four replications, i.e., (C-) normal temperature group, (C+) heat stress group, and the others with the administration of vitamin A and E (AE), vitamin K and C (KC), vitamin C and E (CE), vitamin E and selenium (ESE), and vitamin C and folic acid (CAF). Feed intake, feed efficiency, eggshell thickness, shape index, haugh unit (HU), yolk, and albumen index were evaluated at 22, 23, 24, and 25 weeks. Meanwhile, antioxidant enzymes were quantified at 22 and 25 weeks.
Results: As a result, feed intake was reported a significant improvement in the AE and CE groups compared to the C+ group. Meanwhile, the feed efficiency was reported to be efficient in the CE and ESE groups. Based on egg quality evaluation, we reported significant shell thickness in the CE, ESE, and CAF groups compared to the C+; yolk index was reported slightly significant results in the AE and CAF groups; albumen index and HU were reported to increase significantly in the CAF group. Meanwhile, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and GPx activity were ameliorated significantly in the ESE and CAF groups.
Conclusion: Combinations of multivitamins can thereby enhance feed intake, feed efficiency, egg quality, and antioxidant activity. The CE, ESE, and CAF groups were found to have made equivalent improvements in the eggshell thickness, shape index, HU, yolk, and albumen index.
背景:由于家禽具有高效的隔热性能、缺乏汗腺、新陈代谢速度相对较快以及对热的敏感性较强等特点,家禽业面临着严重的热应激问题。目的:本研究旨在调查饲料中的多种维生素组合对暴露于热应激的蛋鸡的生长性能、鸡蛋质量和抗氧化酶的功效:将28只18周龄的伊莎褐种鸡随机分为7组,每组4次重复,即(C-)常温组、(C+)热应激组和添加维生素A和E(AE)、维生素K和C(KC)、维生素C和E(CE)、维生素E和硒(ESE)、维生素C和叶酸(CAF)组。在22、23、24和25周对采食量、饲料效率、蛋壳厚度、形状指数、豪氏单位(HU)、蛋黄和白蛋白指数进行了评估。同时,对 22 周和 25 周的抗氧化酶进行了定量:结果:与 C+ 组相比,AE 组和 CE 组的采食量显著提高。同时,CE 组和 ESE 组的饲料效率也很高。在鸡蛋质量评估方面,CE、ESE 和 CAF 组的蛋壳厚度与 C+ 组相比有明显改善;AE 和 CAF 组的蛋黄指数略有改善;CAF 组的白蛋白指数和 HU 显著增加。同时,ESE组和CAF组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和GPx活性明显改善:综合维生素可提高采食量、饲料效率、鸡蛋质量和抗氧化活性。CE 组、ESE 组和 CAF 组在蛋壳厚度、形状指数、HU、蛋黄和蛋白指数方面的改善程度相当。
{"title":"Strategies to combat heat stress in Isa Brown layer hens: Unveiling the roles of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin C, selenium, folic acid, and in combination.","authors":"Winda Kusuma Dewi, Bondan Sigit Purnomo Aji, Faisal Fikri, Agus Purnomo, Salipudin Tasil Maslamama, Hakan Çalışkan, Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.13","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to their efficient insulation, lack of sweat glands, relatively quick metabolic rate, and heightened sensitivity to heat, the poultry industry faces a serious problem with heat stress. Combining vitamins has been demonstrated to be more effective than implementing a single vitamin in reducing the effects of heat stress.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the multivitamin combination in feed on the growth performance, egg quality, and antioxidant enzymes in laying hens exposed to heat stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 28 Isa Brown strains aged 18 weeks were randomly designated into seven groups with four replications, i.e., (C-) normal temperature group, (C+) heat stress group, and the others with the administration of vitamin A and E (AE), vitamin K and C (KC), vitamin C and E (CE), vitamin E and selenium (ESE), and vitamin C and folic acid (CAF). Feed intake, feed efficiency, eggshell thickness, shape index, haugh unit (HU), yolk, and albumen index were evaluated at 22, 23, 24, and 25 weeks. Meanwhile, antioxidant enzymes were quantified at 22 and 25 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As a result, feed intake was reported a significant improvement in the AE and CE groups compared to the C+ group. Meanwhile, the feed efficiency was reported to be efficient in the CE and ESE groups. Based on egg quality evaluation, we reported significant shell thickness in the CE, ESE, and CAF groups compared to the C+; yolk index was reported slightly significant results in the AE and CAF groups; albumen index and HU were reported to increase significantly in the CAF group. Meanwhile, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and GPx activity were ameliorated significantly in the ESE and CAF groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combinations of multivitamins can thereby enhance feed intake, feed efficiency, egg quality, and antioxidant activity. The CE, ESE, and CAF groups were found to have made equivalent improvements in the eggshell thickness, shape index, HU, yolk, and albumen index.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.13
Seyedeh Mina Masoumi, Mohammad Reza Youssefi, Seyed Shapoor Reza Shojaei
Background: Chronic toxoplasmosis has been strongly implicated in the development of psychosis and schizophrenia. Additionally, the understanding of schizophrenia has been significantly reshaped by insights into N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction.
Aim: This study aimed to compare the behavioral, antioxidant, and NMDAR changes in mice subjected to Toxoplasma gondii infection and those treated with ketamine to induce schizophrenia-like symptoms.
Methods: Sixty male BALB/c mice were divided into six groups: toxoplasmosis (TOXO) (infected), ketamine-induced schizophrenia (KET), TOXO+KET, TOXO+sulfadiazine-trimethoprim treatment (SDT), TOXO+KET+SDT, and control (CON) (uninfected). After 10 weeks post-infection, behavioral tests were conducted, brain antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation were analyzed, and NMDA-NR1/NR2A expressions were assessed. TOXO and KET induced distinct behaviors: hyperlocomotion, anxiety, and memory impairment.
Results: Antioxidant enzyme levels decreased, and lipid peroxidation increased in TOXO and schizophrenic mice brains. NMDAR downregulation, especially NR-1 and NR2A, was evident due to T. gondii and ketamine. Sulfadiazine-trimethoprim ameliorated NMDAR downregulation, but not all of the behavioral alterations.
Conclusion: Further studies are needed to elucidate specific NMDAR subunit roles in toxoplasmosis-induced pathophysiology, offering potential therapeutic insights. This investigation highlights the intricate relationship between chronic toxoplasmosis, NMDAR dysfunction, and schizophrenia-like behaviors. Insights gained could pave the way for innovative interventions targeting both cognitive and neurological impairments associated with these conditions.
{"title":"Exploring the interplay of chronic toxoplasmosis and NMDAR dysfunction: Insights into schizophrenia-like behaviors and therapeutic potential.","authors":"Seyedeh Mina Masoumi, Mohammad Reza Youssefi, Seyed Shapoor Reza Shojaei","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.13","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic toxoplasmosis has been strongly implicated in the development of psychosis and schizophrenia. Additionally, the understanding of schizophrenia has been significantly reshaped by insights into N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to compare the behavioral, antioxidant, and NMDAR changes in mice subjected to <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection and those treated with ketamine to induce schizophrenia-like symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty male BALB/c mice were divided into six groups: toxoplasmosis (TOXO) (infected), ketamine-induced schizophrenia (KET), TOXO+KET, TOXO+sulfadiazine-trimethoprim treatment (SDT), TOXO+KET+SDT, and control (CON) (uninfected). After 10 weeks post-infection, behavioral tests were conducted, brain antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation were analyzed, and NMDA-NR1/NR2A expressions were assessed. TOXO and KET induced distinct behaviors: hyperlocomotion, anxiety, and memory impairment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antioxidant enzyme levels decreased, and lipid peroxidation increased in TOXO and schizophrenic mice brains. NMDAR downregulation, especially NR-1 and NR2A, was evident due to <i>T. gondii</i> and ketamine. Sulfadiazine-trimethoprim ameliorated NMDAR downregulation, but not all of the behavioral alterations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further studies are needed to elucidate specific NMDAR subunit roles in toxoplasmosis-induced pathophysiology, offering potential therapeutic insights. This investigation highlights the intricate relationship between chronic toxoplasmosis, NMDAR dysfunction, and schizophrenia-like behaviors. Insights gained could pave the way for innovative interventions targeting both cognitive and neurological impairments associated with these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.9
Ayed Alshammari, Abdulbaset Mohammad Kabli, Naser Abdelsater
Background: Cattle and buffaloes can contract cysticercosis, an infection of the muscles brought on by Taenia saginata larvae. Despite having a global spread, cysticercosis is more prevalent in impoverished nations due to impaired hygiene standards. It has been discovered that Taenia saginata cysticercosis routine visual diagnosis is not very effective, especially in mild infections. Therefore, a more trustworthy in vivo test might be used as an alternative in slaughterhouses and epidemiological studies. Biochemical assays are possibly utilized as an alternative to detect cysticercosis inside a topical environment.
Aim: Investigating serum biochemical alterations in cattle with cysticercosis was the goal of the current research. As a further method of diagnosis, it was also determined how Cysticercus bovis affected pro-inflammatory cytokines and histopathology.
Methods: Blood samples from 42 slaughtered cattle (21 healthy and 21 sick animals) were taken from Assiut abattoir. Using an ELISA and spectrophotometer, respectively, their serum's pro-inflammatory cytokines and biochemical profile were evaluated. These cattle were chosen between March 2023 and February 2024.
Results: A percentage of 4.6% of the 455 cattle examined after being slaughtered had T. saginata cysticerci infections. All values in the serum biochemistry were considerably different (p < 0.01), whereas the majority of biochemical parameters increased significantly (p < 0.01) in infected animals. In contrast, there was a substantial (p < 0.01) decline in HDL-c, SOD, CAT, and GSH. On the other hand, procytokine inflammatory indices for both TNF-α and IL-1β indicated a substantial increase (p < 0.01) in infected cattle. Additionally, the histological results revealed significant alterations in the tissues of infected livestock.
Conclusion: This has been inferred cysticercosis possesses negative impacts on cattle's plasma biochemical profiles, indicating the field applicability of biochemical measures in outbreaks of bovine cysticercosis. Pro-inflammatory cytokine indices and histological changes could be included as further indicators of T. saginata cysticercosis in cattle.
{"title":"Pathophysiological and pro-inflammatory cytokine surveys on livestock normally infected with <i>Taenia saginata</i> cysticercosis.","authors":"Ayed Alshammari, Abdulbaset Mohammad Kabli, Naser Abdelsater","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.9","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cattle and buffaloes can contract cysticercosis, an infection of the muscles brought on by <i>Taenia saginata</i> larvae. Despite having a global spread, cysticercosis is more prevalent in impoverished nations due to impaired hygiene standards. It has been discovered that <i>Taenia saginata</i> cysticercosis routine visual diagnosis is not very effective, especially in mild infections. Therefore, a more trustworthy <i>in vivo</i> test might be used as an alternative in slaughterhouses and epidemiological studies. Biochemical assays are possibly utilized as an alternative to detect cysticercosis inside a topical environment.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Investigating serum biochemical alterations in cattle with cysticercosis was the goal of the current research. As a further method of diagnosis, it was also determined how <i>Cysticercus bovis</i> affected pro-inflammatory cytokines and histopathology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples from 42 slaughtered cattle (21 healthy and 21 sick animals) were taken from Assiut abattoir. Using an ELISA and spectrophotometer, respectively, their serum's pro-inflammatory cytokines and biochemical profile were evaluated. These cattle were chosen between March 2023 and February 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A percentage of 4.6% of the 455 cattle examined after being slaughtered had <i>T. saginata</i> cysticerci infections. All values in the serum biochemistry were considerably different (<i>p</i> < 0.01), whereas the majority of biochemical parameters increased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in infected animals. In contrast, there was a substantial (<i>p</i> < 0.01) decline in HDL-c, SOD, CAT, and GSH. On the other hand, procytokine inflammatory indices for both TNF-α and IL-1β indicated a substantial increase (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in infected cattle. Additionally, the histological results revealed significant alterations in the tissues of infected livestock.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This has been inferred cysticercosis possesses negative impacts on cattle's plasma biochemical profiles, indicating the field applicability of biochemical measures in outbreaks of bovine cysticercosis. Pro-inflammatory cytokine indices and histological changes could be included as further indicators of <i>T. saginata</i> cysticercosis in cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Bovine babesiosis represents a serious challenge for animal health, herd production, and profitability. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors associated with babesiosis is critical to reduce their negative impacts.
Aim: Investigation of the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Babesia bigemina (B. bigemina) and Babesia bovis (B. bovis) in five districts in Sharkia governorate using ELISA.
Methods: Across-sectional research was conducted to determine the seropositivity of babesiosis by collecting a total of 352 blood samples from 250 cattle and 102 buffaloes. A multivariate logistic regression model was implemented to evaluate the strength of the risk factors associated with both Babesia species infection.
Results: The seroprevalence of B. bigemina and B. bovis was 42.6% and 17.0 %, respectively. The prevalence of babesiosis in cattle was found to be 48.8% for B. bigemina and 16.8% for B. bovis. Inclusive, in buffaloes, the prevalence was 27.5% for B. bigemina and 17.6% for B. bovis. Adult animals were more vulnerable to infection with babesia than young animals by 3-5 times, respectively. Males were more susceptible to B. bigemina and B. bovis than females by 3.7 and 3.5 times. Similarly, the odds of infection in infested animals with ticks were 2-4 times higher than in animals without ticks.
Conclusion: The obtained results revealed that age, sex of the animal, and tick infestation were major risk factors for the seropositivity of both Babesia species. Inclusive, there was no evidence to support the premise that seroprevalence of babesiosis is correlated with the season and species.
{"title":"Sero epidemiological study on bovine babesiosis in cattle and buffaloes in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.","authors":"Sarah Gamal Yousef, Nader Maher Sobhy, Heba Gouda, Mahmoud Helmy Emam","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.7","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine babesiosis represents a serious challenge for animal health, herd production, and profitability. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors associated with babesiosis is critical to reduce their negative impacts.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Investigation of the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with <i>Babesia bigemina</i> (<i>B. bigemina</i>) and <i>Babesia bovis</i> (<i>B. bovis</i>) in five districts in Sharkia governorate using ELISA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Across-sectional research was conducted to determine the seropositivity of babesiosis by collecting a total of 352 blood samples from 250 cattle and 102 buffaloes. A multivariate logistic regression model was implemented to evaluate the strength of the risk factors associated with both Babesia species infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The seroprevalence of <i>B. bigemina</i> and <i>B. bovis</i> was 42.6% and 17.0 %, respectively. The prevalence of babesiosis in cattle was found to be 48.8% for <i>B. bigemina</i> and 16.8% for <i>B. bovis</i>. Inclusive, in buffaloes, the prevalence was 27.5% for <i>B. bigemina</i> and 17.6% for <i>B. bovis</i>. Adult animals were more vulnerable to infection with babesia than young animals by 3-5 times, respectively. Males were more susceptible to <i>B. bigemina</i> and <i>B. bovis</i> than females by 3.7 and 3.5 times. Similarly, the odds of infection in infested animals with ticks were 2-4 times higher than in animals without ticks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The obtained results revealed that age, sex of the animal, and tick infestation were major risk factors for the seropositivity of both Babesia species. Inclusive, there was no evidence to support the premise that seroprevalence of babesiosis is correlated with the season and species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.17
Fatima S Alaryani
Background: Arsenic (ARS) is a toxic heavy metal that poses a significant concern for both animal and human health.
Aim: The study investigated the ameliorative effect of myricetin (MRC) against arsenic-induced immune dysfunction, oxidative stress, hematological changes, hepatic and renal injuries, and inflammatory gene expression in rats.
Methods: Rats were divided into 4 groups: the control group (CON) received orally administered distilled water (1 ml/rat), and the ARS group received 10 mg/kg orally, the MRC group received 5 mg of MRC/kg orally, and the co-treated group (ARS+MRC) received 10 mg/kg of ARS and 5 mg/kg b.w. of MRC orally.
Results: The results showed that co-treatment of ARS-exposed rats with MRC significantly corrected erythrocyte parameters (except MCV) and leukocyte parameters (except basophils; p < 0.05). Furthermore, the ARS group significantly reduced total proteins and globulins while significantly increasing liver functions and uric acid levels (p < 0.05). Co-administration with MRC significantly mitigated the heart indices (gamma-glutamyl transferase, creatine phosphokinase, CK, lactate dehydrogenase) and lipid dysfunction caused by ARS exposure (p < 0.05). In ARS-exposed rats, there was a significant reduction in antioxidant enzymes and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), as well as significantly increased oxidative stress (p < 0.05). The MRC treatment effectively restored the redox status and immune variables that were disrupted by ARS exposure. Serum levels of nitric acid and lysosome were significantly lower, while levels of IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were higher in the ARS group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Immunohistopathology revealed that the expression of Cox2 in kidney and liver tissues varied from mild to moderate in the ARS+MRC group. Furthermore, the ARS-induced upregulation of mRNA levels of inflammatory genes such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 in hepatic tissues and MRC significantly attenuated this elevation. These findings suggest that ARS has detrimental effects on blood hematology and health, triggering specific inflammatory genes and indicating the genotoxicity of ARS. However, co-treatment with MYC can mitigate these negative effects.
Conclusion: MRC exhibits a significant protective effect against ARS due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
背景:目的:本研究探讨了杨梅素(MRC)对砷诱导的大鼠免疫功能障碍、氧化应激、血液学变化、肝肾损伤和炎症基因表达的改善作用:大鼠分为4组:对照组(CON)口服蒸馏水(1毫升/只),ARS组口服10毫克/千克,MRC组口服5毫克/千克MRC,联合治疗组(ARS+MRC)口服10毫克/千克ARS和5毫克/千克MRC:结果表明,ARS暴露大鼠与MRC联合治疗可显著改善红细胞参数(MCV除外)和白细胞参数(嗜碱性粒细胞除外;P < 0.05)。此外,ARS 组大鼠的总蛋白和球蛋白明显降低,而肝功能和尿酸水平则明显升高(p < 0.05)。与 MRC 联合用药可明显减轻 ARS 暴露导致的心脏指数(γ-谷氨酰转移酶、肌酸磷酸激酶、肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶)和脂质功能障碍(p < 0.05)。在暴露于 ARS 的大鼠中,抗氧化酶和免疫球蛋白(IgG 和 IgM)显著减少,氧化应激显著增加(p < 0.05)。MRC 治疗可有效恢复因暴露于 ARS 而受到破坏的氧化还原状态和免疫变量。与其他组相比,ARS 组的血清硝酸和溶酶体水平明显降低,而 IL-4、TNF-α 和 IFN-γ 水平较高(P < 0.05)。免疫组织病理学显示,ARS+MRC 组患者肾脏和肝脏组织中 Cox2 的表达从轻度到中度不等。此外,ARS 引起肝组织中 IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-10 和 IL-6 等炎症基因 mRNA 水平的上调,而 MRC 能显著减轻这种上调。这些研究结果表明,ARS 会对血液和健康产生不利影响,引发特定的炎症基因,并显示出 ARS 的基因毒性。然而,与 MYC 联合治疗可减轻这些负面影响:结论:MRC 具有抗炎和抗氧化特性,对 ARS 有明显的保护作用。
{"title":"Myricetin ameliorates arsenic-induced hematological changes, immune dysfunction, oxidative stress, hepatic and renal injuries and promotes inflammatory genes in rats.","authors":"Fatima S Alaryani","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.17","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Arsenic (ARS) is a toxic heavy metal that poses a significant concern for both animal and human health.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study investigated the ameliorative effect of myricetin (MRC) against arsenic-induced immune dysfunction, oxidative stress, hematological changes, hepatic and renal injuries, and inflammatory gene expression in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats were divided into 4 groups: the control group (CON) received orally administered distilled water (1 ml/rat), and the ARS group received 10 mg/kg orally, the MRC group received 5 mg of MRC/kg orally, and the co-treated group (ARS+MRC) received 10 mg/kg of ARS and 5 mg/kg b.w. of MRC orally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that co-treatment of ARS-exposed rats with MRC significantly corrected erythrocyte parameters (except MCV) and leukocyte parameters (except basophils; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, the ARS group significantly reduced total proteins and globulins while significantly increasing liver functions and uric acid levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Co-administration with MRC significantly mitigated the heart indices (gamma-glutamyl transferase, creatine phosphokinase, CK, lactate dehydrogenase) and lipid dysfunction caused by ARS exposure (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In ARS-exposed rats, there was a significant reduction in antioxidant enzymes and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), as well as significantly increased oxidative stress (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The MRC treatment effectively restored the redox status and immune variables that were disrupted by ARS exposure. Serum levels of nitric acid and lysosome were significantly lower, while levels of IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were higher in the ARS group compared to the other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Immunohistopathology revealed that the expression of Cox2 in kidney and liver tissues varied from mild to moderate in the ARS+MRC group. Furthermore, the ARS-induced upregulation of mRNA levels of inflammatory genes such as <i>IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10</i>, and <i>IL-6</i> in hepatic tissues and MRC significantly attenuated this elevation. These findings suggest that ARS has detrimental effects on blood hematology and health, triggering specific inflammatory genes and indicating the genotoxicity of ARS. However, co-treatment with MYC can mitigate these negative effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MRC exhibits a significant protective effect against ARS due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.3
Rui Mizuno, Takashi Mori
Background: Prognostic factors in dogs with nasal tumors include several variables. However, factors that can measure prognosis have not yet been identified due to considerable divergence among reports.
Aim: To describe the computed tomography (CT) imaging, treatment, and outcomes of dogs with nasal tumors, as well as detect negative prognostic factors through the analysis of a substantial number of cases from a single institution. Furthermore, based on CT findings, this study aimed to identify independent prognostic factors for nasal tumors in dogs.
Methods: A total of 166 client-owned dogs were diagnosed with nasal tumors at Gifu University Veterinary Hospital between 2015 and 2019. Data were retrospectively collected from the electronic medical records.
Results: Univariate analysis revealed a significant difference in survival time between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in 166 canine nasal tumors treated with megavoltage (MeV) radiation therapy at a single institution (p = .015). There was a significant difference in survival time between carcinoma and sarcoma (p = .04). Regarding CT imaging findings, significant differences in survival time were observed for frontal sinus invasion (p = .007), cribriform plate destruction (p < .001), and lymph node metastasis (p = .003). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to assess frontal sinus invasion, cribriform plate destruction, histopathologic subtypes, and lymph node metastasis as negative prognostic factors; however, only cribriform plate destruction was a significant negative prognostic factor for survival time (p = .004).
Conclusion: Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that cribriform plate destruction was the main factor in predicting a negative prognosis among 166 canine nasal tumors treated with MeV radiation therapy at a single institution. Therefore, we propose a new 2-tier staging classification for canine nasal tumors with the presence or absence of cribriform plate destruction based on CT examination as the only evaluation factor.
{"title":"Prognostic factors and survival following radiation therapy for canine nasal tumors: A single-institution retrospective study of 166 cases.","authors":"Rui Mizuno, Takashi Mori","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.3","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prognostic factors in dogs with nasal tumors include several variables. However, factors that can measure prognosis have not yet been identified due to considerable divergence among reports.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To describe the computed tomography (CT) imaging, treatment, and outcomes of dogs with nasal tumors, as well as detect negative prognostic factors through the analysis of a substantial number of cases from a single institution. Furthermore, based on CT findings, this study aimed to identify independent prognostic factors for nasal tumors in dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 166 client-owned dogs were diagnosed with nasal tumors at Gifu University Veterinary Hospital between 2015 and 2019. Data were retrospectively collected from the electronic medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Univariate analysis revealed a significant difference in survival time between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in 166 canine nasal tumors treated with megavoltage (MeV) radiation therapy at a single institution (<i>p</i> = .015). There was a significant difference in survival time between carcinoma and sarcoma (<i>p</i> = .04). Regarding CT imaging findings, significant differences in survival time were observed for frontal sinus invasion (<i>p</i> = .007), cribriform plate destruction (<i>p</i> < .001), and lymph node metastasis (<i>p</i> = .003). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to assess frontal sinus invasion, cribriform plate destruction, histopathologic subtypes, and lymph node metastasis as negative prognostic factors; however, only cribriform plate destruction was a significant negative prognostic factor for survival time (<i>p</i> = .004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that cribriform plate destruction was the main factor in predicting a negative prognosis among 166 canine nasal tumors treated with MeV radiation therapy at a single institution. Therefore, we propose a new 2-tier staging classification for canine nasal tumors with the presence or absence of cribriform plate destruction based on CT examination as the only evaluation factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.4
Pamela Bejdić, Liljana Amidžić, Benjamin Čengić
Background: The Harderian gland in domestic birds is a major paraocular excretory gland that has an important role in tear production as well as in the immune protection of the conjunctiva surface.
Aim: The aim of this research was to investigate the arterial and venous supply of the gland in hens and provide valuable and useful information for future research.
Methods: The research was conducted on 26 adult hens, provenience of Lohmann Brown. For the identification and determination of blood vessels, we used the vascular corrosion cast technique in conjunction with the transmission electron microscope (TEM).
Results: The casts showed that the gland receives the arterial supply via branches of a. ophthalmotemporalis and a. nasalis communis and these arteries are accompanied by the corresponding veins. Ultrastructural analyses showed the presence of fenestrated capillaries, which indicates the possibility for permeability of larger molecules.
Conclusion: The present research gives important and detailed information about the arterial and venous supply of the Harderian gland in hens that may serve as guidelines for future vascular and morphological investigations.
{"title":"Arterial and venous supply of the Harderian gland in hens.","authors":"Pamela Bejdić, Liljana Amidžić, Benjamin Čengić","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.4","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Harderian gland in domestic birds is a major paraocular excretory gland that has an important role in tear production as well as in the immune protection of the conjunctiva surface.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this research was to investigate the arterial and venous supply of the gland in hens and provide valuable and useful information for future research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research was conducted on 26 adult hens, provenience of Lohmann Brown. For the identification and determination of blood vessels, we used the vascular corrosion cast technique in conjunction with the transmission electron microscope (TEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The casts showed that the gland receives the arterial supply via branches of <i>a. ophthalmotemporalis</i> and <i>a. nasalis communis</i> and these arteries are accompanied by the corresponding veins. Ultrastructural analyses showed the presence of fenestrated capillaries, which indicates the possibility for permeability of larger molecules.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present research gives important and detailed information about the arterial and venous supply of the Harderian gland in hens that may serve as guidelines for future vascular and morphological investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.10
Milahayati Daulay, Muhammad Syahputra, Mutiara Indah Sari, Tri Widyawati, Dwi Rita Anggraini
Background: Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to dyslipidemia, which is a risk factor for macrovascular complications such as heart disease and stroke. Aside from administering antidiabetic medications, DM treatment can also be achieved through the use of natural components, such as Myrmecodia pendans, commonly known as the ant nest plant (ANP).
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of administering the ANP on the lipid profile of Wistar rats.
Methods: A group of 20 rats was divided into two categories: 6 rats served as healthy controls (H), while the remaining 14 rats were subjected to a high-lipid diet and streptozotocin to generate a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The diabetic rats were divided into two groups: the DM group consisted of rats that did not receive any treatment, while the ANP group was administered the herb orally.
Results: The results revealed significant variations in triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels among the three groups (p < 0.05). The post hoc test revealed disparities in triglyceride and LDL between those in the DM group and the ANP group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Myrmecodia pendans demonstrated the ability to decrease triglyceride and LDL, while increasing HDL levels in rats with T2DM.
{"title":"The potential of <i>Myrmecodia pendans</i> in preventing complications of diabetes mellitus as an antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic agent.","authors":"Milahayati Daulay, Muhammad Syahputra, Mutiara Indah Sari, Tri Widyawati, Dwi Rita Anggraini","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.10","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to dyslipidemia, which is a risk factor for macrovascular complications such as heart disease and stroke. Aside from administering antidiabetic medications, DM treatment can also be achieved through the use of natural components, such as <i>Myrmecodia pendans</i>, commonly known as the ant nest plant (ANP).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the impact of administering the ANP on the lipid profile of Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A group of 20 rats was divided into two categories: 6 rats served as healthy controls (H), while the remaining 14 rats were subjected to a high-lipid diet and streptozotocin to generate a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The diabetic rats were divided into two groups: the DM group consisted of rats that did not receive any treatment, while the ANP group was administered the herb orally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed significant variations in triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels among the three groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The post hoc test revealed disparities in triglyceride and LDL between those in the DM group and the ANP group (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Myrmecodia pendans</i> demonstrated the ability to decrease triglyceride and LDL, while increasing HDL levels in rats with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.18
Afrah Sabeeh Mhyson, Masar Saab Kadhim, Orooba Meteab Faja, Merriam Ghadhanfar Alwan, Basima Jasim Mohammed
Background: Food safety and food-borne infections are major subjects of global interest. Dairy products are considered as important source for these infections.
Aim: The present study was conducted to identify the occurrence and to genotype isolates of Staphylococcus spp. recovered from milk samples in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq.
Methods: The current study included the collection of 50 milk samples purchased from local stores in the current city. These samples were subjected to bacterial cultivation and biochemical tests. Later, the growth was used to extract the genomic DNA that was exposed to PCR and partial gene sequencing both targeted the 16S rRNA gene at a specific genetic piece.
Results: The PCR results demonstrated the amplification of the genetic fragment of five genetic clusters for each of Staphylococcus aureus (SAD11, SAD12, SAD13, SAD14, and SAD15), Staphylococcus epidermidis (SED1, SED2, SED3, SED4, and SED5), and Staphylococcus intermedius (SID1, SID2, SID3, SID4, and SID5). The PCR products were sent out to sequencing and reported that the current isolates were similar in their genetic content with global isolates at 95.34% to 97.59%, 96.21% to 97.57%, and 96.09% to 97.88%, respectively, of identity.
Conclusion: The present findings show high genetic variations among isolates of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. intermedius recovered from milk samples, and these genotypes are found in different infection settings related to humans and animals, which may pose high risks to humans and animals.
{"title":"Molecular identification, virulence, and antibiotic-resistant genes characteristics of <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., isolated from milk samples.","authors":"Afrah Sabeeh Mhyson, Masar Saab Kadhim, Orooba Meteab Faja, Merriam Ghadhanfar Alwan, Basima Jasim Mohammed","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.18","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food safety and food-borne infections are major subjects of global interest. Dairy products are considered as important source for these infections.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study was conducted to identify the occurrence and to genotype isolates of <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. recovered from milk samples in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study included the collection of 50 milk samples purchased from local stores in the current city. These samples were subjected to bacterial cultivation and biochemical tests. Later, the growth was used to extract the genomic DNA that was exposed to PCR and partial gene sequencing both targeted the <i>16S rRNA</i> gene at a specific genetic piece.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PCR results demonstrated the amplification of the genetic fragment of five genetic clusters for each of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (SAD11, SAD12, SAD13, SAD14, and SAD15), <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (SED1, SED2, SED3, SED4, and SED5), and <i>Staphylococcus intermedius</i> (SID1, SID2, SID3, SID4, and SID5). The PCR products were sent out to sequencing and reported that the current isolates were similar in their genetic content with global isolates at 95.34% to 97.59%, 96.21% to 97.57%, and 96.09% to 97.88%, respectively, of identity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present findings show high genetic variations among isolates of <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>S. epidermidis</i>, and <i>S. intermedius</i> recovered from milk samples, and these genotypes are found in different infection settings related to humans and animals, which may pose high risks to humans and animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.6
Samia Q Alghamdi
Background: An ectoparasite known as Dermanyssus gallinae feeds on infected blood with a high frequency in European chicken farms resulting in significant economic losses.
Aim: The objective of the current work was to characterize D. gallinae, which infests laying hens on farms in Southern Al-Baha morphologically, and molecularly, and to determine the evolutionary relationship between the species.
Methods: All mites that were morphologically recognized as D. gallinae were submitted to molecular analysis by PCR, which focused on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1) and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of ribosomal DNA.
Results: Morphological identification of the parasites uncovered three distinct features: a triangular anal shield, a broader than longer sternal shield, and a rounded posterior genitoventral shield. Each D. gallinae sample was amplified using a single band, measuring 550 bp for the cox1-targeting PCR, and 530 bp for the ITS-targeting PCR. The sequences of D. gallinae were added to the GenBank.
Conclusion: At the molecular identification level, this research identifies D. gallinae in Al-Baha for the first time. The results collectively provide a foundation for further research to understand the epidemiology and the part of this superfamily in the epidemiology of certain zoonosis.
背景:目的:本次研究的目的是从形态学和分子学上描述为害南部巴哈(Al-Baha)农场蛋鸡的 D. gallinae 的特征,并确定该物种之间的进化关系:方法:对所有从形态学上确认为五倍子螨的螨虫进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR)分子分析,重点分析线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚单位 I(cox1)和核糖体 DNA 内部转录间隔(ITS):结果:寄生虫的形态学鉴定发现了三个明显的特征:三角形肛盾、宽于长的胸盾和圆形的后膝腹盾。每个 D. gallinae 样品都使用单个条带进行扩增,cox1-targeting PCR 的条带长度为 550 bp,ITS-targeting PCR 的条带长度为 530 bp。D. gallinae 的序列已被添加到 GenBank 中:结论:在分子鉴定层面,本研究首次发现了巴哈地区的 D. gallinae。这些结果为进一步研究该超家族的流行病学及其在某些人畜共患病流行病学中的作用奠定了基础。
{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> (Acari: Gamasida: Dermanyssidae) isolates of Al- Baha province.","authors":"Samia Q Alghamdi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.6","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An ectoparasite known as <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> feeds on infected blood with a high frequency in European chicken farms resulting in significant economic losses.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of the current work was to characterize <i>D. gallinae</i>, which infests laying hens on farms in Southern Al-Baha morphologically, and molecularly, and to determine the evolutionary relationship between the species.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All mites that were morphologically recognized as <i>D. gallinae</i> were submitted to molecular analysis by PCR, which focused on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I <i>(cox1)</i> and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of ribosomal DNA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Morphological identification of the parasites uncovered three distinct features: a triangular anal shield, a broader than longer sternal shield, and a rounded posterior genitoventral shield. Each <i>D. gallinae</i> sample was amplified using a single band, measuring 550 bp for the cox1-targeting PCR, and 530 bp for the ITS-targeting PCR. The sequences of <i>D. gallinae</i> were added to the GenBank.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>At the molecular identification level, this research identifies <i>D. gallinae</i> in Al-Baha for the first time. The results collectively provide a foundation for further research to understand the epidemiology and the part of this superfamily in the epidemiology of certain zoonosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}