Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

Background: Several studies reported the health benefits of Opuntia ficus indica extracts.

Aim: This study aimed to (1) optimize extraction conditions. (2) Point out its antioxidant and cytoprotective potential against cadmium toxicity in rat liver homogenate cells and HepG2.

Methods: This experiment used the response surface methodology. It helped to determine the optimum conditions necessary to get the highest phenolic compound yield from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes aqueous extract. Then, a chromatography analysis was conducted to determine the phenolic compounds present in this extract. To explore the antioxidant abilities of this extract, this study used superoxide radical and hydroxyl radicals scavenging assays. Finally, to explore its biological benefits and its protective effect against cadmium toxicity, these research investigators carried out (1) an in vitro protein glycation test, (2) MTT and inverted microscope imaging in HepG2 and HEK293 cell line, and (3) a lipid peroxidation test using rat erythrocytes.

Results: The best extraction conditions were 10 minutes for the extraction time, 80°C for the temperature, and 30 ml/g for the liquid-solid ratio. The in vitro tests showed that Opuntia ficus indica aqueous extract has a high capacity to disable the free radical effect and prevent HepG2 and erythrocytes. Besides, the HPLC method identified 5 phenolic compounds within this extract.

Conclusion: This study confirmed the health benefits of O. ficus indica. Thus, more attention should be given to investigating this plant's capacities and isolating and identifying its bioactive molecules.

Background: Breastfeeding is vital for infant health, providing essential nutrients and protection against infections. Despite the benefits, many postpartum women face challenges in breastfeeding due to hypogalactia caused by stress, anxiety, or maternal illness. While medications, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, are sometimes prescribed to increase milk supply, they are limited due to safety concerns. As a result, there is a growing interest in alternative nonpharmacological interventions, including herbal galactagogues. Plants, such as Sauropus androgynus, Moringa oleifera, and Coleus amboinicus, have shown potential in enhancing milk production due to their unique lactogenic properties.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the influence of a combination of S. androgynus, M. oleifera, and C. amboinicus extracts on milk production while assessing whether these extracts possess galactagogue properties.

Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups at parturition. Each group, comprising six dams, was assigned a specific dose of 37.5, 75, and 150 mg/kg of the blended extract orally for 20 days postpartum, with one group serving as the control. Mammary glands were harvested and assayed for prolactin expression by immunohistochemistry.

Results: The results showed that while the rate of milk production did not increase linearly with the duration of lactation, rats treated with the blended extract at a dose of 75 mg/kg exhibited higher milk production than the control group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased prolactin expression in the mammary glands of rats treated with blend extract at 37.5 mg/kg (p < 0.05), suggesting its potential as a galactagogue.

Conclusion: The blended extract of S. androgynus, M. oleifera, and C. amboinicus may stimulate milk production by modulating prolactin expression and mammary gland morphology.

Background: Pasteurella multocida is an opportunistic bacterium that causes pneumonic pasteurellosis (PP). The common treatment against PP is using antibiotics in conjunction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This combination presents various complications, i.e., immune-depression. Hence, the alternative therapy to replace the effects of NSAIDs needs to be clarified. One of them is using fermented calabash [Crescentia cujete (L.)] (FCC).

Aim: This study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of FCC in combination with enrofloxacin against artificially induced PP in rat models.

Methods: The calabash was collected and fermented. Moreover, the product of FCC was standardized regarding its biochemical compounds using Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. This study used 30 male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 251.52 ± 2.65 grams, 6 months old. The rats were divided into six groups as follows: G1 (control); G2 (infected with Pasteurella multocida + untreated); G3 (infected + 20 mg/kg enrofloxacin); G4 (infected + 20 mg/kg enrofloxacin + 30 mg/kg ibuprofen); G5 (infected + 20 mg/kg enrofloxacin + 2.96 mg/kg FCC); and G6 (infected + 20 mg/kg enrofloxacin + 5.92 mg/kg FCC). The treatment was given once daily for 7 days. On day eight, the rats were radiographed. The serum was collected and tested against C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin. The rats were euthanized and lung tissue was collected for histopathology and immunohistochemistry against CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and COX-2. The data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results: This study indicated that FCC contains choline, phytonadione, alpha-tocopherol, and retinol. Moreover, using FCC as a combination therapy with enrofloxacin against PP in group G6 promotes a repair of radiology image compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). Group G5 and G6 showed increased activity of bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue, immune expression of CD4⁺ and COX-2, and the level of CRP and procalcitonin within the lung tissue (p < 0.05). Group G6 indicated better effects in various parameters in this study. However, the FCC has not influenced the immune expression of CD8⁺ during PP (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: This study proved that FCC could be used in rat models as an alternative anti-inflammatory treatment in combination with enrofloxacin against PP. Further research is needed to explore other effects of FCC to support the current findings.

Camel's milk is a widely consumed staple meal, especially in areas with dry and somewhat dry climates. Camel milk is rich in valuable ingredients, including lactoferrin and zinc, lactoactive peptides, and mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which support optimal health. These compounds have the potential to effectively treat various prominent human illnesses, such as tuberculosis, asthma, gastrointestinal disorders, and jaundice. The composition of camel's milk is more varied than that of cow's milk. The composition of camel milk is primarily influenced by nutrition, breed, age, and lactation stage. The composition of camel's milk exhibits significant variation based on the geographical region and season. These whey proteins possess distinct physical, chemical, physiological, functional, and technological attributes that provide benefits in culinary uses and have high nutritional worth. Hydrolysis breaks down the proteins in camel's milk into bioactive peptides, which have physiological effects on the body's major organ systems. Camel milk, rich in essential fats, proteins, lactose, and minerals, positively impacts the treatment of diabetes, hepatitis C, and allergies and improves antioxidant enzyme levels in autistic children and tuberculosis patients. The review explores camel milk's therapeutic properties, nutritional composition, and implications for treating specific diseases and improving human healthcare.

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the orthopox virus, a double-stranded DNA virus that belongs the Poxviridae virus family. It is known to infect both animals (especially monkeys and rodents) and humans and causes a rash similar to smallpox. Humans can become infected with monkeypox virus (MPXV) when they get in close contact with infected animals (zoonotic transmission) or other infected people (human-human transmission) through their body fluids such as mucus, saliva, or even skin sores. Frequently observed symptoms of this disease include fever, headaches, muscle aches, and a rash that initially looks like a tiny bump before becoming a lump that is filled with fluid. Monkeypox symptoms also include an incubation period of 5-21 days, divided into prodromal and eruption phases. Several contributing factors, such as smallpox vaccine discontinuation, widespread intake of infected animal products as a source of protein, and high population density, amongst others, have been linked to an increase in the frequency of monkeypox outbreaks. The best course of action for diagnosing individuals who may be suffering from active monkeypox is to collect a sample of skin from the lesion and perform PCR molecular testing. Monkeypox does not presently have a specific therapy; however, supportive care can assist in managing symptoms, such as medication to lower body temperature and pain. Three major orthopoxvirus vaccines have been approved to serve as a preventive measure against monkeypox: LC16, JYNNEOS, and ACAM2000. The discovery that the monkeypox outbreak is communicable both among humans and within a population has sparked new public health worries on the possibility of the outbreak of another viral pandemic. Research and studies are still being conducted to gain a deeper understanding of this zoonotic viral disease. This review is therefore focused on deciphering monkeypox, its etiology, pathogenesis, transmission, risk factors, and control.

Background: Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumor disease primarily affecting juvenile sea turtles, often characterized by external growths that can regress spontaneously. This study reports the first documented case of total tumor regression in a free-living green turtle (Chelonia mydas) with FP in southern Brazil.

Case description: A juvenile green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) was captured and recaptured on Itapirubá Beach, Santa Catarina, Brazil, showing signs of tumor regression with a period of 302 days between captures. At the first capture, photographs of the head and other regions were taken for photoidentification, along with documentation of fibropapilloma sites and tumor scoring. Tumor samples from the initial capture were histopathologically confirmed as fibropapillomas. At the recapture, the turtle showed a slight increase in carapace length, remaining classified as a juvenile. Tumors observed during the first capture were absent at recapture, with only scars remaining in the affected areas. Photoidentification confirmed the recapture, facilitating case monitoring. Tumor regression in this turtle is likely linked to various environmental and ecological factors.

Conclusion: Spontaneous regression of FP tumors remains a crucial indicator in the health monitoring of sea turtle populations. This is the first documented case of FP regression in this region of Brazil, suggesting that the turtle's increasing age and reduced exposure to anthropogenic pressure may have contributed to the tumor's regression. Although clinical follow-up of free-living sea turtles is challenging, reports of FP tumor regression are vital for understanding the health dynamics of sea turtle populations.

Background: In recent years, the One Health approach and vector-borne diseases have become an increasingly topical problem around the world. In addition, climate change has a significant impact on zoonoses and public health. We present a case report of tick-borne disease in a dog.

Case description: A clinical case of Anaplasma platys infection in a 10-year-old female dog (Labrador retriever) is described. Clinical, hematological, biochemical, serological, cytological, and polymerase chain reaction tests supporting the diagnosis have been performed.

Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of A. platys from Bulgaria. This report adds to the overall knowledge of Anaplasma spp. in our country and the region of Southeastern Europe.

Background: The most susceptible group of people to spread methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among domestic cats is their owners' relatives.

Aim: Considering the aforementioned, research at the Surabaya City Animal Hospital is necessary to determine whether the mecA gene may be detected in cat nasal swabs.

Methods: Samples were taken using a sterile cotton swab, and the transport medium was buffered peptone water. Standard operating procedures in microbiology were then employed to identify the samples. Using five distinct antibiotic discs, the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of S. aureus. All cefoxitin-resistant S. aureus isolates were tested for MRSA and then the mecA gene was detected.

Results: Based on morphological culture features, Gram staining, and biochemical assays, 64 samples (64%) of the 100 isolated cat nose swab samples were positive for S. aureus, according to the results of the biochemical tests. The profile of antibiotic resistance developed from the results of the S. aureus resistance test to antibiotics revealed that five (7.81%) of the 64 S. aureus isolates were confirmed to be multidrug resistant. Out of the 6 MRSA isolates analyzed, the mecA gene was detected in 5 isolates.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, a thorough assessment of the impact of using antibiotics to prevent the spread of MRSA in veterinary hospitals on the general public's health is required in light of the detection of MRSA isolates bearing the mecA gene in the Surabaya veterinary hospital.

Background: Bacterial contamination of medical equipment is a significant risk in both human and veterinary medicine, leading to potential cross-contamination between clinicians, technicians, patients, and healthcare professionals. Pathogens can persist on surfaces, resulting in healthcare-associated infections. Tonometry used to measure intraocular pressure for diagnosing conditions like glaucoma and uveitis, is crucial in both human and veterinary care. However, there is limited information on bacterial transmission through reused tonometer probes in veterinary patients. This pilot study aimed to explore the potential for cross-contamination of bacteria via a rebound tonometer probe using bacterial isolates linked to bacterial ulcerative keratitis in dogs.

Aim: To evaluate the potential for bacterial transmission via rebound tonometry using the ICare^® TONOVET Plus in a controlled laboratory environment. The study focused on two bacterial isolates commonly implicated in canine bacterial ulcerative keratitis: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and beta-haemolytic Streptococcus.

Methods: Bacterial cultures were inoculated on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Tonometer probes were used to perform multiple corneal rebounds (CRs) readings on known bacterial samples, followed by multiple CR readings on agar growth plates, incubation, and re-examination of the agar plates for evidence of bacterial transfer. Controls included plates where the probes were only used on sterile agar.

Results: Bacterial transmission was detected with distinct bacterial colonies corresponding to individual CR readings on the plates inoculated with Pseudomonas and beta-haemolytic Streptococcus. A control plate exhibited a single bacterial colony, likely due to inadvertent contamination.

Conclusion: The results indicate that bacterial transmission via rebound tonometer probes is possible. Although this was an in vitro study, the findings raise concerns about cross-contamination in clinical practice. Changing tonometer probes between patients, particularly after those with bacterial ulcerative keratitis is advised until further investigation into the in vivo bacterial transmission is investigated.

Background: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary virus disease that mostly affects cattle. It has recently been reported all over the world, which highlights the need for efficient control methods. LSD poses serious economic dangers worldwide.

Aim: The aim of this study was to screen novel antiviral compounds for the control of LSD.

Methods: By using in silico approach, ADMET, docking, and molecular simulations, this work was designed to investigate 13 active compounds for antiviral effects against Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV).

Results: ADMET study of the selected 13 compounds revealed that Apigenin-4'-glucoside and Vidarabine did not show any critical hazards. The docking study identified potential antiviral compounds against LSDV, with Apigenin-4'-glucoside (ΔG = -6.6 ± 1.1) and Vidarabine (ΔG = -5.53 ± 0.73) showing promising interactions with key viral proteins. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability and robustness of these interactions, suggesting their potential as effective antiviral agents.

Conclusion: Molecular analyses verify the strong antiviral activity of apigenin-4'-glucoside against LSDV among the selected compounds. This work sheds light on the way to explore potent anti-LSDV molecule. Moreover, the outcome of the study should screen after more extensive clinical studies.