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Molecular identification of the most frequent pathotypes of Escherichia coli in calves with diarrhoea in the Cajamarca region of Peru. 秘鲁卡哈马卡地区犊牛腹泻中最常见大肠埃希氏菌病原型的分子鉴定。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.6
Marco Cabrera-González, Carlos Quilcate-Pairazamán, Wuesley Alvarez-García, Héctor Cabrera, Antony Tayca-Saldaña, Fernando Aliaga-Tambo, Deisy Rojas-Valdez, Medali Cueva-Rodríguez

Background: Colibacillosis caused by Escherichia coli causes significant economic losses in the livestock sector worldwide and is one of the calves' leading causes of diarrhea.

Aim: This study aimed to identify the most frequent E. coli molecularly pathotypes in calves with diarrhea in six provinces of the Cajamarca region in the northern highlands of Peru.

Methods: Twenty-eight herds of dairy cattle under a semi-intensive rearing system were evaluated; 95 samples were isolated from calves with diarrhea up to the first month of life, 62 males and 33 females, during the rainy season.

Results: The presence of virulence genes of E. coli strains was more prevalent in males; the astA (89.47%), st (83.15%), and f5 (57.89%) genes were more expressed, and the lt (17.89%) and stx2 (1.05%) genes were less expressed. The eae gene (21.05%) was more present in females.

Conclusion: When E. coli strains express virulence genes astA, st, and f5 and their atypical double, triple, and quadruple combination between different observed pathotypes, they give rise to the formation of several pathotypes by the horizontal transfer of virulence genes, which can cause colibacillosis processes in more virulent calves, which is one of the most important causes of diarrhea in calves in the region of Cajamarca, compromising the sanitary viability in the herds.

背景:目的:本研究旨在确定秘鲁北部高原卡哈马卡地区 6 个省的犊牛腹泻中最常见的大肠杆菌分子病型:方法:对半集约化饲养系统下的 28 个奶牛群进行了评估;在雨季从出生后一个月内腹泻的犊牛中分离出 95 份样本,其中 62 份为雄性,33 份为雌性:结果:大肠杆菌菌株的毒力基因在雄性犊牛中表达较多;astA(89.47%)、st(83.15%)和f5(57.89%)基因表达较多,lt(17.89%)和stx2(1.05%)基因表达较少。结论:结论:当大肠杆菌菌株表达毒力基因 astA、st 和 f5 及其在不同观察到的病型之间的非典型双倍、三倍和四倍组合时,它们会通过毒力基因的水平转移形成多种病型,从而导致毒力更强的犊牛发生大肠杆菌病,这是卡哈马卡地区犊牛腹泻的最重要原因之一,损害了牛群的卫生活力。
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引用次数: 0
Uterus histomorphometry of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in induced luteal phase, with GnRH or copulation. 用 GnRH 或交配诱导黄体期羊驼(Vicugna pacos)的子宫组织形态。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.28
José Goicochea-Vargas, Wilson Rondón-Jorge, Fidel Acosta-Pachorro, Max Salvatierra-Alor, Marcelo Ratto-Fuster, Mauricio Silva-Jimenez, Ximena Valderrama-Linares, Roberto Acosta-Galvez, Edson Morales-Parra

Background: Alpacas have reproductive traits such as induced ovulation and a higher gestation rate in the left uterine horn (LUH). Additionally, low fertility and high embryonic mortality are significant challenges in alpaca breeding. To address these issues, it is essential to study the histological changes occurring in the uterine wall during day 8 of the luteal phase (LP).

Aim: This research aims to describe these changes in alpacas with induced ovulation using GnRH or copulation.

Methods: The study was conducted on 8 sexually mature fertile alpacas with a preovulatory follicle of ≥ 7 mm. Ovulation was induced with GnRH (G1, n = 3) and natural mating' (G2, n = 5), confirmed by ultrasound showing the disappearance of the follicle and formation of the corpus luteum (CL). On day 8 of the LP, samples of the uterine wall from the right and LUHs were obtained through a midline laparotomy. A uterine lavage with PBS was also performed, and no embryo-ova was found. The tissues were fixed, processed, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Measurements of the myometrium and endometrium, the area of the superficial and deep endometrial glands, the height of the gland cells, and the height of the endometrial mucosal cells were performed using microscopy and software. The measurements were taken in microns (um), from 12 different photographs per animal.

Results: In G2 (copulation), greater thickness of the endometrium and myometrium, as well as a larger area of the superficial glands and cell height, were observed (p < 0.005). Additionally, the area of the superficial glands in the left horn was greater compared to the right.

Conclusion: The thickness of the myometrium and endometrium, and the area of the superficial glands of the LUH in alpacas during the LP (day 8), induced by copulation (G2), show better development. This research provides new insights into changes in the histomorphometry of the alpacas' uterus during this stage and is the first report on this species.

背景:羊驼具有诱导排卵和左子宫角(LUH)妊娠率较高的繁殖特性。此外,低繁殖力和高胚胎死亡率也是羊驼育种的重大挑战。为了解决这些问题,有必要研究黄体期(LP)第 8 天子宫壁发生的组织学变化。目的:本研究旨在描述使用 GnRH 或交配诱导排卵的羊驼的这些变化:研究对象为 8 只性成熟、有生育能力且排卵前卵泡≥ 7 mm 的羊驼。用 GnRH(G1,n = 3)和自然交配(G2,n = 5)诱导排卵,超声波显示卵泡消失和黄体(CL)形成。LP 第 8 天,通过中线开腹取右侧和 LUH 的子宫壁样本。还用 PBS 进行了子宫灌洗,未发现胚胎ova。对组织进行固定、处理并用苏木精和伊红染色。使用显微镜和软件测量子宫肌层和子宫内膜、子宫内膜浅层和深层腺体的面积、腺细胞的高度以及子宫内膜粘膜细胞的高度。测量以微米(um)为单位,每只动物拍摄 12 张不同的照片:结果:在 G2(交配)阶段,观察到子宫内膜和子宫肌层厚度增加,表层腺体面积增大,细胞高度增加(p < 0.005)。此外,与右侧相比,左侧子宫角的浅表腺体面积更大:结论:在交配(G2)的诱导下,羊驼子宫肌层和子宫内膜的厚度以及LUH表层腺体的面积在LP期(第8天)表现出更好的发育。这项研究为了解羊驼子宫组织形态学在这一阶段的变化提供了新的视角,也是关于这一物种的首份报告。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of fermented Crescentia cujete L. on the profile of hematology, clinical chemistry, and circulatory CD4+/CD8+ in Sprague Dawley rats. 发酵的 Crescentia cujete L. 对 Sprague Dawley 大鼠血液学、临床化学和循环 CD4+/CD8+ 的影响。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.36
Agustina Dwi Wijayanti, Yos Adi Prakoso, Krestel Joy Viernes Isla

Background: The calabash (Crescentia cujete L.) is a tropical fruit that offers numerous health benefits. Its fermented calabash (FC) has been found to affect the neurological system positively. However, its impact on hematology, clinical chemistry, and CD4+ and CD8+ levels has yet to be documented.

Aim: Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of FC on hematology, clinical chemistry, and the levels of CD4+ and CD8+ in the circulatory system using rat models.

Methods: This study used twenty male Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were divided into group 1 (0 mg/kg BW FC), group 2 (50 mg/kg BW FC), group 3 (500 mg/kg BW FC), and group 4 (2,000 mg/kg BW FC). The treatment was administered using a gastric probe once daily for 14 days. On day 15, the blood samples were collected and tested against hematology, clinical chemistry, quality of the erythrocytes, and CD4+/CD8+. The data were then analysed using SPSS with p-value at 0.05.

Results: The conducted study demonstrated that the utilization of FC at varying doses did not have a significant impact on the hematological profile changes (p ≥ 0.05), except for total lymphocytes and a decrease in the neutrophils/lymphocytes (N/L) ratio (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, FC did not influence the changes in clinical chemistry, circulatory protein, and electrolyte levels in rat models compared to the control (p ≥ 0.05). The utilization of FC decreased the percentage of hemolysis and elevated the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, the use of FC led to a significant increase in CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ (p ≤ 0.05), while no significant effect was observed regarding CD8+ (p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion: The study highlighted FC's beneficial effects on the haemorheology and immune system, specifically on the decrease in the percentage of hemolysis, elevated ATP concentration, number of lymphocytes, ratio N/L, CD4+, and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, without causing significant changes to the hematological and clinical chemistry profiles in rat models.

背景:金盏花(Crescentia cujete L.)是一种热带水果,对健康有诸多益处。其发酵金盏花(FC)已被发现对神经系统有积极影响。目的:因此,本研究旨在利用大鼠模型研究 FC 对血液学、临床化学以及循环系统中 CD4+ 和 CD8+ 水平的影响:本研究使用 20 只雄性 Sprague Dawley 大鼠。大鼠分为第 1 组(0 毫克/千克体重 FC)、第 2 组(50 毫克/千克体重 FC)、第 3 组(500 毫克/千克体重 FC)和第 4 组(2,000 毫克/千克体重 FC)。使用胃探针给药,每天一次,连续 14 天。第 15 天,采集血样并进行血液学、临床化学、红细胞质量和 CD4+/CD8+ 检测。然后使用 SPSS 对数据进行分析,P 值为 0.05:研究表明,除了淋巴细胞总数和中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞(N/L)比值下降(p ≤ 0.05)外,不同剂量的 FC 对血液学特征的变化没有显著影响(p ≥ 0.05)。此外,与对照组相比,FC 不影响大鼠模型的临床化学、循环蛋白和电解质水平的变化(p ≥ 0.05)。使用 FC 可降低溶血比例,提高三磷酸腺苷(ATP)浓度(p ≤ 0.05)。此外,使用 FC 还能显著提高 CD4+ 和 CD4+/CD8+ 的比率(p ≤ 0.05),而 CD8+ 则无显著影响(p ≥ 0.05):该研究强调了 FC 对血液流变学和免疫系统的有益影响,特别是对降低溶血百分比、ATP 浓度升高、淋巴细胞数量、N/L 比值、CD4+ 和 CD4+/CD8+ 比值的有益影响,而不会对大鼠模型的血液学和临床生化指标造成明显变化。
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引用次数: 0
Ethyl acetate extract of fungus comb from Malayan termite (Macrotermes gilvus Hagen) mound modulates splenic inflammatory responses in mice. 马来白蚁(Macrotermes gilvus Hagen)蚁丘真菌梳的乙酸乙酯提取物可调节小鼠脾脏炎症反应。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.15
Hermawan Susanto, Ketut Sudiana, Dodi Nandika, Lina Karlinasari, Arinana Arinana, Sairah Abdul Karim, Indang Ariati Ariffin, Djoko Santoso

Background: The fungus comb is a unique structure inside termites' nests that facilitates the growth of Termitomyces sp. as a nutrient source for the termites. It is known to possess immunomodulatory properties that boost the immune system.

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of ethyl acetate extract of fungus comb (EAEFC) on the inflammatory reaction in the spleen of mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Methods: An experimental study was conducted using a post-test-only control group design with male BALB/C mice (n = 24). The mice were divided randomly into four groups, each comprising six mice, and administered substances via gavage. Groups I and III were administered a solution of 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in distilled water, while Groups II and IV were given 500 mg/kg BW EAEFC dissolved in 5% DMSO. On the fifteenth day, Groups I and II received intraperitoneal injections of 5 ml/kg BW saline, while Groups III and IV were injected with 10 mg/kg BW LPS dissolved in saline. After three hours, the mice were euthanized and splenic immunohistology was examined under a light microscope. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, while the group differences were assessed statistically.

Results: The expression of interleukin (IL)-1, furin, and activated NK cell was significantly higher in the inflamed model after EAEFC supplementation, while the extract suppressed IL-10.

Conclusion: EAEFC was found to alter cytokine expression in the spleen in response to inflammation.

背景:菌梳是白蚁巢穴内的一种独特结构,有利于白蚁酵母菌的生长,是白蚁的营养来源。目的:本研究旨在评估乙酸乙酯提取物(EAEFC)对腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠脾脏炎症反应的影响:方法:以雄性 BALB/C 小鼠(n = 24)为实验对象,采用只进行试验后对照组的设计进行实验研究。小鼠被随机分为四组,每组六只,通过灌胃给药。第一组和第三组给小鼠灌服 5% 二甲基亚砜(DMSO)蒸馏水溶液,第二组和第四组给小鼠灌服溶于 5% DMSO 的 500 毫克/千克体重的 EAEFC。第 15 天,I 组和 II 组小鼠腹腔注射 5 毫升/千克体重的生理盐水,III 组和 IV 组小鼠腹腔注射 10 毫克/千克体重的溶于生理盐水的 LPS。三小时后,小鼠被安乐死,并在光镜下进行脾脏免疫组织学检查。结果以均数±标准差表示,并对组间差异进行统计学评估:结果:补充 EAEFC 后,炎症模型中白细胞介素(IL)-1、呋喃和活化的 NK 细胞的表达明显升高,而提取物抑制了 IL-10:结论:研究发现 EAEFC 能改变脾脏中细胞因子的表达以应对炎症。
{"title":"Ethyl acetate extract of fungus comb from Malayan termite (<i>Macrotermes gilvus</i> Hagen) mound modulates splenic inflammatory responses in mice.","authors":"Hermawan Susanto, Ketut Sudiana, Dodi Nandika, Lina Karlinasari, Arinana Arinana, Sairah Abdul Karim, Indang Ariati Ariffin, Djoko Santoso","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.15","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The fungus comb is a unique structure inside termites' nests that facilitates the growth of <i>Termitomyces</i> sp. as a nutrient source for the termites. It is known to possess immunomodulatory properties that boost the immune system.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess the impact of ethyl acetate extract of fungus comb (EAEFC) on the inflammatory reaction in the spleen of mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An experimental study was conducted using a post-test-only control group design with male BALB/C mice (<i>n</i> = 24). The mice were divided randomly into four groups, each comprising six mice, and administered substances via gavage. Groups I and III were administered a solution of 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in distilled water, while Groups II and IV were given 500 mg/kg BW EAEFC dissolved in 5% DMSO. On the fifteenth day, Groups I and II received intraperitoneal injections of 5 ml/kg BW saline, while Groups III and IV were injected with 10 mg/kg BW LPS dissolved in saline. After three hours, the mice were euthanized and splenic immunohistology was examined under a light microscope. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, while the group differences were assessed statistically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression of interleukin (IL)-1, furin, and activated NK cell was significantly higher in the inflamed model after EAEFC supplementation, while the extract suppressed IL-10.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EAEFC was found to alter cytokine expression in the spleen in response to inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":"2269-2279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of aluminum chloride on testicular biometry, hormonal profiles, spermatozoa quality, and spermatogenic cell morphology in mice. 氯化铝对小鼠睾丸生物测量、荷尔蒙特征、精子质量和生精细胞形态的影响。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.20
Zakiyatul Faizah, Hendy Hendarto

Background: Infertility is defined as failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. The prevalence of couples with infertility increases every year. Treatment success for male infertility remains suboptimal despite the advancements of the therapies. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of spermatogenesis is needed to improve existing infertility treatments. Animal models are commonly used in studies regarding male infertility. Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) has been established as an infertility-inducing agent.

Aim: This study investigates the optimal dosage of AlCl3 in infertility mice models.

Method: Male Balb/c mice, aged 3 months and have proven to be fertile with an average body weight of 26, 96, randomly assigned to four groups. The control group received oral gavage with sterile aquadest, while the treatment groups were administrated AlCl3 at doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg BW orally over a 53-day period. Assessment of the sperm motility, concentration, morphology, viability, hormone levels, and testicular histopathology were included in this study.

Results: Administration of AlCl3 did not significantly affect body weight, testicular weight, and hormone levels. However, semen analysis showed a reduction in seminal parameters among treatment groups, supported by testicular histopathology.

Conclusion: Utilizing AlCl3 to induce infertility in mice models is not quite effective and displayed variable efficacy across different dosages. Further investigations are needed to elucidate optimal dosage, route of administration, and timing to establish reliable mice infertility models.

背景:不孕症的定义是在定期无保护性交 12 个月或更长时间后仍未能怀孕。不孕症夫妇的发病率逐年上升。尽管治疗方法在不断进步,但男性不育症的治疗效果仍不理想。因此,需要全面了解精子发生,以改进现有的不育症治疗方法。有关男性不育的研究通常使用动物模型。目的:本研究探讨了氯化铝(AlCl3)在不育小鼠模型中的最佳剂量:雄性 Balb/c 小鼠,年龄为 3 个月,平均体重为 26.96 千克,具有生育能力,随机分为四组。对照组口服无菌水剂,治疗组口服氯化铝,剂量分别为 100、150 和 200 毫克/千克体重,为期 53 天。本研究对精子活力、浓度、形态、存活率、激素水平和睾丸组织病理学进行了评估:结果:服用氯化铝对体重、睾丸重量和激素水平没有明显影响。然而,精液分析表明,不同处理组的精液参数有所下降,睾丸组织病理学也证实了这一点:结论:利用氯化铝诱导小鼠不育症模型并不十分有效,而且不同剂量的效果也不尽相同。要建立可靠的小鼠不育症模型,还需要进一步研究确定最佳剂量、给药途径和时间。
{"title":"The effect of aluminum chloride on testicular biometry, hormonal profiles, spermatozoa quality, and spermatogenic cell morphology in mice.","authors":"Zakiyatul Faizah, Hendy Hendarto","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.20","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infertility is defined as failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. The prevalence of couples with infertility increases every year. Treatment success for male infertility remains suboptimal despite the advancements of the therapies. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of spermatogenesis is needed to improve existing infertility treatments. Animal models are commonly used in studies regarding male infertility. Aluminum chloride (AlCl<sub>3</sub>) has been established as an infertility-inducing agent.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigates the optimal dosage of AlCl<sub>3</sub> in infertility mice models.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Male Balb/c mice, aged 3 months and have proven to be fertile with an average body weight of 26, 96, randomly assigned to four groups. The control group received oral gavage with sterile aquadest, while the treatment groups were administrated AlCl<sub>3</sub> at doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg BW orally over a 53-day period. Assessment of the sperm motility, concentration, morphology, viability, hormone levels, and testicular histopathology were included in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Administration of AlCl<sub>3</sub> did not significantly affect body weight, testicular weight, and hormone levels. However, semen analysis showed a reduction in seminal parameters among treatment groups, supported by testicular histopathology.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Utilizing AlCl<sub>3</sub> to induce infertility in mice models is not quite effective and displayed variable efficacy across different dosages. Further investigations are needed to elucidate optimal dosage, route of administration, and timing to establish reliable mice infertility models.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":"2315-2324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of real-time polymerase chain reaction for analysis of rat meat (Bandicota bengalensis) in beef meatballs for halal authentication. 开发用于分析牛肉丸中老鼠肉(Bandicota bengalensis)的实时聚合酶链反应,以进行清真认证。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.37
Abdul Rohman, Hazza' Hammam Nawwaruddin, M A Motalib Hossain, Marlyn Dian Laksitorini, Dwi Lestari

Background: Consumer awareness of food adulteration is increasing nowadays. Motivated by economic gain, unethical meat producers try to blend halal meat such as beef with non-halal meat like rat meat (RM).

Aim: This study aims to develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis method to analyze the presence of RM in beef meatballs.

Methods: This research was carried out in the following stages: primer design, DNA isolation, analysis of DNA isolates, the optimization of primer annealing temperature, primer specificity test, sensitivity, and repeatability. The validated RT-PCR method was then used to analyze the marketed meatball samples.

Results: The result showed that the designed primer targeting on ND2 gene set rat mt-DNA (forward: ACTCCATATCTCTCACCATATTTCC; reverse: GGGTTAGGGTACTTAGGATTGTTAG), had good specificity at an optimal annealing temperature of 56.3oC over the other eight species. The developed RT-PCR method produces a limit detection value of 195.31 pg, coefficient of determination (R 2) for linearity of 0.983, amplification efficiency (E) of 100%, and CV value for amplification response of 1.8%. The result showed that the developed RT-PCR method did not detect the presence of RM DNA in eight marketed beef meatball samples.

Conclusion: The developed method meets the acceptance criteria for RT-PCR and can be used as a halal authentication method to identify the presence of RM in beef meatballs.

背景:如今,消费者对食品掺假的意识日益增强。目的:本研究旨在开发一种实时聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)分析方法,以分析牛肉丸中是否存在鼠肉:本研究分以下几个阶段进行:引物设计、DNA 分离、DNA 分离物分析、引物退火温度优化、引物特异性测试、灵敏度和重复性。然后使用经过验证的 RT-PCR 方法对市场上销售的肉丸样品进行分析:结果表明,所设计的针对大鼠 mt-DNA ND2 基因组的引物(正向:ACTCCATATCTCTCACCATATTTCC;反向:GGGTTAGGGTACTTAGGATTGTTAG)在最佳退火温度 56.3oC 时比其他 8 个物种具有良好的特异性。所开发的 RT-PCR 方法的检测限值为 195.31 pg,线性判定系数(R 2)为 0.983,扩增效率(E)为 100%,扩增反应的 CV 值为 1.8%。结果表明,所开发的 RT-PCR 方法没有检测出 8 个市场上销售的牛肉丸样品中存在 RM DNA:结论:所开发的方法符合 RT-PCR 的验收标准,可用作清真认证方法来鉴定牛肉丸中是否含有 RM。
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引用次数: 0
Multidrug resistance and phylogenetic analyses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on the 16S rRNA gene of isolates recovered from clinical samples and their susceptibility to silver-nanoparticle. 基于从临床样本中分离出的铜绿假单胞菌的 16S rRNA 基因的多重耐药性和系统发育分析及其对纳米银颗粒的敏感性。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.32
Zeena Fouad Saleh, Shujon Hassan Jadaan, Hiba Shehab Ahmed, Saba Falah Klaif, Shahad Mazin Daham

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly antimicrobial-resistant pathogen with a very narrow range of effective antibacterial agents. Therefore, finding alternative compounds is highly required, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Aim: The current study was conducted to identify the multidrug resistance (MDR) profile and perform a phylogenetic analysis on P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from clinical samples (human, cows, cats, and fish) and to study their susceptibility to AgNPs.

Methods: 40 samples were subjected to conventional cultivation and biochemical analyses to identify P. aeruginosa. Moreover, these isolates were tested for their antibiotic resistance profile and their response to AgNPs using disk diffusion methods. PCR and Sanger-based sequencing were performed using the 16S rRNA gene as a target.

Results: The results showed that all isolates were resistant to cefixime and sensitive to meropenem. Conversely, the AgNPs were effective in producing larger zones of inhibition. The PCR revealed amplification of the target, and the sequencing and phylogenetic tree of four isolates revealed close similarity with global human sequences from different regions.

Conclusion: The study reveals the MDR characteristics of P. aeruginosa. The isolates are highly susceptible to silver nanoparticles.

背景:铜绿假单胞菌是一种高度抗菌的病原体,其有效抗菌剂范围非常狭窄。方法:对 40 份样本进行常规培养和生化分析,以确定铜绿假单胞菌。此外,还使用盘扩散法检测了这些分离物的抗生素耐药性及其对 AgNPs 的反应。以 16S rRNA 基因为目标进行了 PCR 和基于 Sanger 的测序:结果表明,所有分离菌株都对头孢克肟耐药,对美罗培南敏感。相反,AgNPs 能有效地产生更大的抑制区。聚合酶链式反应(PCR)显示了目标物的扩增,四个分离物的测序和系统发生树显示与来自不同地区的全球人类序列非常相似:结论:本研究揭示了铜绿假单胞菌的 MDR 特性。结论:该研究揭示了铜绿微囊桿菌的 MDR 特性,这些分离物对纳米银颗粒高度敏感。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of feed supplementation with probiotic and organic form of zinc on functional status of broiler chickens. 饲料中添加益生菌和有机锌对肉鸡功能状态的影响
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.7
Svyatoslav Lebedev, Tatiana Kazakova, Olga Marshinskaia

Background: The increase in the intensity of agricultural production is associated with the action of various stress factors on the organism of birds, which can lead to negative consequences. Prevention of the development of stress conditions in farm birds, particularly broiler chickens, in industrial production, is the most important task facing scientists and practitioners.

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined probiotic preparation and zinc glycinate on the indicators of immunity, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant status.

Methods: The study was conducted on broilers of Arbor Acres cross: the birds in the negative control group received a balanced feed mixture, a mineral and vitamin premix without zinc; the positive control group treated with an injection of cyclophosphamide and received the balanced feed with the mineral and vitamin premix without zinc; in experimental group I, broilers was treated with the injection of cyclophosphamide and received balanced feed, probiotic and zinc glycinate; in experimental group II, broilers received balanced feed, probiotic and zinc glycinate. At the end of the experiment, some blood from the wing vein was collected for evaluation of hematological and biochemical blood parameters using automatic morphological and biochemical analyzers, evaluation of immune status by enzyme immunoassay, and antioxidant status by colorimetric method.

Results: It was found that the developed strategy nutrition leveled the effects of immunosuppression - there was an increase in the level of lymphocytes, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10; the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and total protein (TP) tended to the control values; there was a significant increase in serum interleukin-2 and interferon gamma; increase in TP on the background of triglycerides decreased in broilers of experimental group II. An increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase against the background of a decrease in the level of malonic dialdehyde was revealed in the experimental groups.

Conclusion: The developed strategy of broiler chicken nutrition can be used for the successful protection of birds from immunodeficiency states, improvement of antioxidant status, and maintenance of complete protein and lipid metabolism.

背景:农业生产强度的增加与各种应激因素对禽类机体的作用有关,这些应激因素可能会导致不良后果。目的:本研究的目的是调查益生菌制剂和甘氨酸锌对免疫指标、生化指标和抗氧化状态的影响:研究对象是Arbor Acres杂交肉鸡:阴性对照组喂食平衡混合饲料、不含锌的矿物质和维生素预混料;阳性对照组注射环磷酰胺,喂食平衡混合饲料、不含锌的矿物质和维生素预混料;实验I组肉鸡注射环磷酰胺,喂食平衡混合饲料、益生菌和甘氨酸锌;实验II组肉鸡喂食平衡混合饲料、益生菌和甘氨酸锌。实验结束后,采集部分翼静脉血,用自动形态生化分析仪评估血液生化指标,用酶免疫测定法评估免疫状态,用比色法评估抗氧化状态:结果表明,所开发的营养策略能够消除免疫抑制的影响--淋巴细胞、白细胞介素-4 和白细胞介素-10 的水平有所提高;胆固醇、甘油三酯、葡萄糖和总蛋白(TP)的水平趋向于对照值;血清白细胞介素-2 和干扰素γ 显著增加;在甘油三酯降低的背景下,第二实验组肉鸡的 TP 有所提高。在丙二醛水平下降的背景下,实验组的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性有所提高:结论:所开发的肉鸡营养策略可用于成功保护肉鸡免受免疫缺陷状态的影响、改善抗氧化状态以及维持完整的蛋白质和脂质代谢。
{"title":"Influence of feed supplementation with probiotic and organic form of zinc on functional status of broiler chickens.","authors":"Svyatoslav Lebedev, Tatiana Kazakova, Olga Marshinskaia","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.7","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increase in the intensity of agricultural production is associated with the action of various stress factors on the organism of birds, which can lead to negative consequences. Prevention of the development of stress conditions in farm birds, particularly broiler chickens, in industrial production, is the most important task facing scientists and practitioners.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined probiotic preparation and zinc glycinate on the indicators of immunity, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted on broilers of Arbor Acres cross: the birds in the negative control group received a balanced feed mixture, a mineral and vitamin premix without zinc; the positive control group treated with an injection of cyclophosphamide and received the balanced feed with the mineral and vitamin premix without zinc; in experimental group I, broilers was treated with the injection of cyclophosphamide and received balanced feed, probiotic and zinc glycinate; in experimental group II, broilers received balanced feed, probiotic and zinc glycinate. At the end of the experiment, some blood from the wing vein was collected for evaluation of hematological and biochemical blood parameters using automatic morphological and biochemical analyzers, evaluation of immune status by enzyme immunoassay, and antioxidant status by colorimetric method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that the developed strategy nutrition leveled the effects of immunosuppression - there was an increase in the level of lymphocytes, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10; the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and total protein (TP) tended to the control values; there was a significant increase in serum interleukin-2 and interferon gamma; increase in TP on the background of triglycerides decreased in broilers of experimental group II. An increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase against the background of a decrease in the level of malonic dialdehyde was revealed in the experimental groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed strategy of broiler chicken nutrition can be used for the successful protection of birds from immunodeficiency states, improvement of antioxidant status, and maintenance of complete protein and lipid metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":"2181-2191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parameters related to diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats. 诊断猫肥厚型心肌病的相关参数。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.29
Nonn Tantitamtaworn, Issaree Adisaisakundet, Kuerboon Chairit, Sorawit Choksomngam, Vachira Hunprasit, Saharuetai Jeamsripong, Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong

Background: The initial diagnostic markers are important for general practitioners to identify cats suspected of having cardiac disease, particularly hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the indicators that suggest feline cardiac disease, especially HCM.

Methods: This is a retrospective study, using the data from 354 cats, to identify various clinical parameters that indicate the presence of cardiac disease in cats in order to develop a model to predict the likelihood of HCM in cats. Among all the parameters gathered, heart sound and LA size are the most significant in predicting the likelihood of HCM in cats.

Results: After undergoing statistical analysis, we created a formula that could help screen cats with HCM and normal cats before further diagnosis, such as echocardiography. The formula Y1 = -3.637 +2.448 (LA size) +2.683 (murmur) +1.274 (gallop) is the fittest model with an area under curve from the ROC analysis of 0.889. A new set of data was used to validate the model. This predictive model has 40% accuracy but correctly predicts 90% of the truly normal cats, making this model beneficial in helping veterinarians exclude truly normal cats from cats suspected of having HCM.

Conclusion: The model may assist in distinguishing normal cats from those suspected of having HCM. Further diagnosis with echocardiography remains the gold standard for the final diagnosis of cardiac diseases in cats.

背景:初步诊断指标对于全科医生识别疑似患有心脏病,尤其是肥厚型心肌病(HCM)的猫非常重要:这是一项回顾性研究,利用 354 只猫的数据,确定表明猫患有心脏病的各种临床参数,以便建立一个模型,预测猫患 HCM 的可能性。在收集到的所有参数中,心音和 LA 大小对预测猫患 HCM 的可能性最有意义:结果:经过统计分析,我们创建了一个公式,该公式有助于在进一步诊断(如超声心动图检查)前筛查 HCM 猫和正常猫。公式 Y1 = -3.637 +2.448(LA 大小)+2.683(杂音)+1.274(奔跑)是最合适的模型,ROC 分析的曲线下面积为 0.889。我们使用一组新数据对模型进行了验证。该预测模型的准确率为 40%,但能正确预测 90% 的真正正常猫,因此该模型有助于兽医将真正正常的猫与疑似患有 HCM 的猫区分开来:结论:该模型有助于区分正常猫和疑似 HCM 猫。通过超声心动图进行进一步诊断仍是最终诊断猫心脏疾病的金标准。
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引用次数: 0
Pathology and molecular detection of influenza A subtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria, 2024. 2024 年尼日利亚商用家禽中甲型 H9N2 亚型流感病毒的病理学和分子检测。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.26
Olatunde Babatunde Akanbi, Olugbenga Olayinka Alaka, Olanrewaju Samuel Olaifa, Clement A Meseko, Bitrus Inuwa, Obokparo Godspower Ohore, Monsuru Tijani, Theophilus Jarikre, Olawale Ola, Christianah Odita, James Saidu Ahmed, Olusegun Fagbohun, Daniel Oluwayelu, Olufemi B Daodu, Omolade Oladele, James Olapade, Olusegun Taiwo, Maryam Muhammad

Background: After the first Avian Influenza H5N1 outbreak in Nigerian poultry in 2006, subsequent waves of outbreaks occurred, causing substantial losses. Despite effective control measures by 2008, a resurgence in 2015 led to further losses and required depopulation efforts.

Aim: The aim of this study was to do pathology and molecular detection of influenza A subtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria during 2024.

Methods: In February 2024, a poultry farmer reported high mortality in his mixed commercial poultry flock in Ibadan, Nigeria, submitting carcasses to the University of Ibadan's V.T.H. and the FAO Regional Laboratory at National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom.

Results: Necropsy of nine Isa Brown layers and three Abor Acre broilers revealed cyanosis of comb and wattles, generalized petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages including shank hemorrhages with sinusitis, pneumonia, and severe greenish fecal pasting also observed. At histopathology, denudation of the tracheal epithelia and parabronchial epithelial necrosis, obliteration, with airsac edema and emphysema were observed. At NVRI, qPCR detected an Influenza A H9N2 virus in several pooled organ samples of layers, and broilers and eliminating the avian infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease viruses.

Conclusion: This is the first report of an H9N2 outbreak in commercial poultry in Southern Nigeria. The high pathogenicity shown in commercial poultry in this outbreak and the risk of dispersal of infected live poultry in Nigeria as previously seen in H5N1 require stakeholders' intervention.

背景:2006 年尼日利亚家禽首次爆发 H5N1 型禽流感后,随后又爆发了几波疫情,造成了巨大损失。尽管到 2008 年采取了有效的控制措施,但 2015 年疫情再次爆发,造成了进一步的损失,因此需要进行扑杀工作。目的:本研究旨在对 2024 年尼日利亚商业家禽中的甲型 H9N2 亚型流感病毒进行病理学和分子检测:2024年2月,尼日利亚伊巴丹的一位家禽饲养者报告说,他的混合商品禽群死亡率很高,他将家禽尸体送往伊巴丹大学的V.T.H.和位于沃姆的国家兽医研究所(NVRI)的粮农组织区域实验室:对九只伊萨褐蛋鸡和三只阿博尔阿克里肉鸡的尸检结果显示,鸡栉和鸡冠发绀,全身瘀斑和瘀点状出血,包括鸡腿出血,同时还观察到鼻窦炎、肺炎和严重的绿色粪便粘贴。组织病理学检查发现,气管上皮变性,支气管旁上皮坏死、闭塞,气囊水肿和肺气肿。在 NVRI,qPCR 在多份蛋鸡和肉鸡的集合器官样本中检测到甲型 H9N2 流感病毒,并排除了禽传染性支气管炎和新城疫病毒:这是尼日利亚南部首次报告商品禽爆发 H9N2 病毒疫情。此次疫情在商业家禽中表现出的高致病性以及受感染活禽在尼日利亚散播的风险(如之前在 H5N1 疫情中出现的情况)需要利益相关方进行干预。
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引用次数: 0
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Open Veterinary Journal
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