Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

Background: Omecamtiv mecarbil (OM), a selective cardiac myosin activator, is gaining attention as a potential heart failure (HF) treatment because it can enhance cardiac contractility without adverse effects. Concerns were raised about arrhythmias with conventional HF treatments in cats. Despite OM's promise in veterinary medicine, no studies have confirmed its efficacy in cats.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the pharmacodynamics of OM in cats.

Methods: Five clinically healthy cats were used. OM's efficacy was examined in three doses: 0.1, 0.25, and 1.0 mg/kg. To minimize the effect on heart rates, the cats were under general anesthesia, and baseline measurements were taken after the heart rate and blood pressure had stabilized. OM was administered as a single intravenous injection. Echocardiography was performed 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after administration. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured before each echocardiographic examination.

Results: The heart rates decreased at all doses; significant reductions were seen at 0.25 and 1.0 mg/kg. All doses enhanced cardiac contractility, showing a dose-dependent effect. Blood pressure remained unchanged.

Conclusion: OM enhances cardiac contractility in cats, with 0.25 mg/kg being the optimal dose.

Background: Cell sheet therapy has been developed as an effective regenerative medicine to improve wound repair treatment and prevent postoperative complications. Fibroblasts are widely used to create cell sheet engineering because of their essential role in tissue regeneration and the acceleration of the wound healing process.

Aim: The study aimed to establish the multilayered fibroblast sheets from canine fibroblast.

Methods: The study used fibroblasts from three origin canine tissues, including oral mucosa, skin, and tail skin. A canine fibroblast sheet was produced using the large-numbers cell seeding method with Rho kinase inhibitor. The assessment included viability cells, histological evaluation of the sheet, and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) of the fibroblast sheet.

Results: The three fibroblast groups successfully established a multilayered fibroblast sheet. Hematoxylin and eosin staining examination showed the thickest sheet in the oral mucosa fibroblast sheet. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the multilayered cell sheet comprised fibroblasts expressed by vimentin. All multilayered fibroblast sheet groups secreted the VEGF and MCP-1. No differences were observed in the viability cells of each origin cell.

Conclusion: The multilayered fibroblast sheets were successfully established from canine fibroblast. This finding provides the primary data to develop regenerative medicine in the veterinary field.

Background: The recovery of acid-base and hydro electrolytic balance at medical discharge after Raid races and its association with comfort index (CI) is unknown.

Aim: To determine hydroelectrolytic and acid-base variations before and at the time of clinical discharge in horses that completed 90 km Raid competitions.

Methods: Hematocrit, total protein, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and serum pH were determined in samples before and after the race and after hydration in 276 horses and were analyzed using a mixed procedure, including the time of the race, the CI and its interaction.

Results: The hematocrit and total protein values after hydration showed a correction to normal values, however, while for total protein no differences were observed between this sample and before the race, the hematocrit at medical discharge was still higher than the sample before the race. The pH values after the race were higher than before the race and after hydration. Sodium concentrations before and after the race were higher than after hydration. Chloride and calcium concentrations before the race were higher than after the race and hydration. Potassium concentration was affected by the interaction between CI and sampling, as only in worse climate conditions, potassium concentrations after the race and hydration were lower than before the race.

Conclusion: Most hydroelectrolytic and acid-base variables at the medical discharge did not reach the values before the race, but they were within the normal values. The CI was a non-explanatory source of variability for most variables in this study.

Background: Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is a zinc finger transcription factor and is widely known to play an important role in regulating growth traits in bovine.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the association of PLAG1 polymorphisms with body weight and measurement traits of Brahman cattle.

Methods: A total of 57 blood samples of Brahman cattle and their body weight and measurement traits have been collected. Moreover, the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to determine the genotypes of the three polymorphisms in PLAG1, namely g.48308C>T, g.32212 (19 bp indel), and g.45233 T>C. A mix model effect was performed to evaluate the association of PLAG1 with body weight and measurement traits, while the Tukey HSD test was used to compare the means among genotypes.

Results: Genotype variations were observed for the g.48308C>T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and 19 bp indel. In detail, the CC and CT genotypes of g.48308C>T SNP were identified and all possible genotypes of 19 bp indel were also identified. On the other hand, g.45233T>C SNP showed no variation. The statistical analysis revealed that SNP g.48308C>T and 19 bp indel had a significant effect on body weight and chest girth (p < 0.05). Both CC genotypes of g.48308C>T SNP and DD genotype of 19 bp indel of the PLAG1 were favorable for those two traits.

Conclusion: Based on these results, the SNP g.48308C>T and 19 bp indel in the PLAG1 could be a candidate marker for body weight and chest girth in the Brahman cattle population at the Center for Superior Animal Breeding and Forage (BPTU-HPT) Sembawa.

Background: Mitochondrial genomes play a key role in molecular biology research by providing essential information about evolutionary links, population history, and genetic diversity.

Aim: The aim of this investigation was to produce a partial sequence of 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, as well as a complete sequence of tRNA-Val gene in some species of family Labridae.

Methods: Five species of labrid fishes (Oxycheilinus digramma, Cheilio inermis, Epibulus insidiator, Coris aygula, and Gomphosus caeruleus) belonging to Family Labridae were collected from the Red Sea, thereafter, taken to a laboratory for morphological identification in accordance with. Using forward and reverse primers, genome DNA was amplified through polymerase chain reaction.

Results: The tRNA-Val gene's entire sequence, the 12S rRNA gene's partial sequence, and the 16S rRNA gene's partial sequence were all submitted to GenBank/NCBI with accession numbers (PP962382.1-PP962386.1). The sequences' outcomes showed that the average A + T values were higher than the C + G values.

Conclusion: The partial sequences of 12S RNA and 16S RNA, and the whole sequence of the tRNA-Val gene, were arranged so that, the 12S RNA and 16S RNA have been distinguished by the tRNA-Val gene.

Background: In human medicine, efforts have been made to evaluate venous blood flow in the kidneys to diagnose renal disease and estimate renal function. In dogs, previous studies have predicted renal function using the resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI), which are derived from renal arterial blood flow velocity assessed via pulsed Doppler ultrasonography. However, to date, no study has been conducted on renal venous blood flow velocity in dogs.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between renal venous blood flow velocity and renal function.

Methods: Ten normal beagle dogs underwent blood tests and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurements. Pulsed Doppler ultrasonography was performed under sedation to measure the maximum venous flow velocity (Vmax), minimum venous flow velocity (Vmin), and venous impedance index in the renal and interlobular veins. The RI and PI were calculated from the renal and interlobular arteries.

Results: Vmax and Vmin of the renal vein were negatively correlated with GFR in both kidneys. No significant correlations were found between other measures and GFR. These results suggest a relationship between GFR and venous flow velocity in the renal veins assessed using pulsed Doppler ultrasonography.

Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the potential of this methodology as a new tool for predicting abnormalities in the renal venous blood flow and renal congestion in dogs. Further large-scale studies and comparisons between healthy dogs and dogs with impaired renal function are needed to validate this relationship.

Background: The significance of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) has increased recently due to the growth of the global ostrich farming industry. Morphological and diagnostic imaging of the ostrich head presents challenges for enhancing clinical treatment and veterinary care, particularly concerning surgical disorders in the head and paranasal sinuses.

Aim: This study aims to guide veterinarians in improving the accuracy of clinical diagnoses and treatment for upper respiratory tract and cranial conditions, particularly in surgical cases involving the head and paranasal sinuses.

Methods: Ten healthy adult ostrich heads (Struthio camelus) were collected for anatomical examination. This sample consisted of 5 males (average age: 1.84 ± 0.32 years) and 5 age-matched females (average age: 2.02 ± 0.311 years). The study focused on the cranial, orbital, nasal, and oropharyngeal cavities, along with their contents and paranasal sinuses. The examination included the analysis of bony and cartilaginous structures, as well as soft tissues and cavities, using median, four sagittal, and five cross-anatomical sections. Subsequently, the specimens underwent diagnostic screening using CT and MRI.

Results: Here, we found that the ostrich has two oval featherless nostrils covered by a characteristic operculum at its entrance. The nasal septum separates the nasal cavity, which is supported by the rostral cartilaginous part. There were three features of nasal conchae: rostral (T-shape), middle (coiled bullae), and caudal (triangular), which differ from other bird species. Two paranasal sinuses were detected including triangular-shaped infraorbital and two identical frontal sinuses. The maxillary rhamphotheca had a median culmen and lateral tomium, while the mandibular rhamphotheca also had a median gonys and lateral tomium. The brain was divided into the hindbrain (consisting of medulla oblongata and cerebellum), the midbrain (peduncles of the cerebrum and optic lobes), and the forebrain (thalamus, pineal body, hypophysis, optic tracts and chiasm, cerebral hemispheres, and olfactory lobes). All last structures were compared and verified by CT and MRI.

Conclusion: This study provides an atlas of anatomical cross-sections, CT, and MRI scans of the ostrich head, which can serve as valuable guidance for veterinarians to improve diagnoses and treatments, ultimately enhancing health outcomes for these birds.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a significant zoonotic pathogen capable of causing infections in both humans and animals. The bacterium's capacity to develop biofilms and resistance to many different antibiotics has raised significant concerns for public health. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that horizontal gene transfer enables the transfer of deleterious features between strains found in humans and animals, consequently rendering treatment and control efforts more challenging.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between human and animal isolates and biofilm-associated genes in local S. aureus strains using whole genome sequencing technique.

Methods: We examined 111 suspected cases of S. aureus infection in humans and in animals and screened all S. aureus -positive isolates (11 isolates) for biofilm formation and antimicrobial profiles. Additionally, we sequenced and studied five S. aureus genomes isolated from humans, cows, sheep, cats, and dogs for significant biofilm-related genes and predicted their loci following annotation and deposition in the NCBI database.

Results: The study showed that the isolates have genome sizes between 2.7 and 2.8 megabases, a GC content of 32.8%-33.1%, and a coding sequence count between 2,718 and 2,838. The cow isolate (MHB) and cat isolate (MHF) exhibited substantial genomic similarities with human isolates of S. aureus (N315) and the type strain of S. aureus (DSM 20231). The genomes of the human isolate (MHH) and the dog isolate (MHC) were comparable to S. aureus (N315). The sheep isolate (MHO) showed lesser genomic similarity and was closely related to S. aureus subsp. anaerobius. The genomes were submitted to the NCBI database with the following accession numbers: MHB (GCA_040196135.1), MHH (GCA_040196155.1), MHO (GCA_040195495.1), MHF (GCA_040195555.1), and MHC (GCA_040195445.1). The isolates were categorized by PubMLST typing into MHC (ST-1156), MHB (ST-6), MHF (ST-6), and MHO (a unique ST). We identified the accession numbers, locations, and lengths of biofilm-associated genes and regulators within the studied genomes.

Conclusion: The study is the first to conduct complete genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus in Iraq, allowing analysis of biofilm-associated genes in local isolates. It provides the first large-scale genomic investigation of genetic relationships among animal and human isolates in Iraq.

Background: Cardiologists occlud most patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) defects in dogs using the Amplatz^® canine duct occluder via a transarterial approach. However, this approach can be problematic in small dogs due to their small femoral artery diameters. In such cases, cardiologists have opted for lower profile devices or use coils or vascular plugs deployed using a more challenging transvenous approach.

Case description: The present report describes a 1-year-old, 6 kg male Cavalier King Charles Spaniel with a small PDA, which was successfully occluded using the Micro Plug Set (KA Medical, Minneapolis, MN) via a transarterial approach.

Conclusion: This is the first case report in medicine of PDA closure with a KA Micro Plug Set via transarterial approach. This approach, which has been described for PDA closure in a few dozen premature human infants, could be considered as a minimally invasive PDA closure in small dogs by using a transarterial approach. Furthermore, in pediatric cardiology, the use of the device has been described only via a transvenous approach. The information from this case report could inspire a different and simpler approach to human medicine.

Background: The blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV are the result of mutations in the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) enzyme, which can be seen genotypically. Wild bats have never received antibiotic therapy, and the presence of antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) in bats indicates the level of AMR in the environment, the circulation of ESBL Escherichia coli between humans or animals in Indonesia and wild animals is still not widely known. Whole genome sequencing is used to determine the circulation of ESBL Escherichia coli in detail.

Aim: Our research aims to determine the genetic level of relatedness of blaTEM samples of cave bat isolates in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.

Methods: This research is a laboratory exploration to detect ESBL genes in guano isolate samples from cave bats in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Samples were obtained by swabbing the rectum of live bats caught from caves on the island of West Nusa Tenggara Province, namely, Lawah Cave and Saung Pengembur Cave. A total of 50 samples from Lawah Cave and 85 samples from Saung Pengembur Cave were identified to find an E. coli bacteria using Gram-stain test and IMViC for biochemical test from isolates, which showed a metallic green color on eosin methylene blue agar media. Escherichia coli isolates were tested for sensitivity using antibiotics, followed by a polymerase chain reaction test showed positive results for the blaTEM gene and phylogenetic analysis to determine relationships.

Results: Phylogenetic analysis shows a genetic closeness between the isolates from Lawah Cave and Saung Pengembur Cave is 95%. Between samples from Lawah and Saung Pengembur Cave, we found that there was a closeness of 86% to the E. coli strain A2-2 sample from Thailand with the code OR680712.1. at GenBank.

Conclusion: The blaTEM gene characteristics of bat isolates from West Nusa Tenggara are close to pig isolates from Thailand. The genetic proximity between blaTEM gene samples from Lawah Cave and Saung Pengembar Cave analyzed using the phylogenetic tree shows a closeness to samples from Thailand, even though they come from samples with distant locations, which can have a negative impact on human health.