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Detection of Trypanosoma lewisi from rodents residing in the densely populated residential regions along the coastal areas of Banyuwangi Sub District, Indonesia. 在印度尼西亚班尤万吉分区沿海地区人口稠密的居民区啮齿动物体内检测到莱维西锥虫。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.9
April Hari Wardhana, Frenky Laksana Putra, Aditya Yudhana, Dyah Haryuningtyas Sawitri, Ening Wiedosari, Mujiyanto Mujiyanto, Swastiko Priyambodo, Mufasirin Mufasirin, Penny Humaidah Hamid, Yudhi Ratna Nugraheni, Aan Awaludin, Priyono Priyono, Alan Payot Dargantes, Makoto Matsubayashi

Background: Extensive attention has been devoted to studies of Trypanosoma lewisi in rodents ever since it became recognised as a zoonotic pathogen known as atypical human trypanosomiasis. Regrettably, although T. lewisi infections of small mammals remain significant public health concerns for humans, there is a lack of comprehensive study in Indonesia.

Aim: The aim of the study was to detect T. lewisi from rodents residing in the densely populated residential regions along the coastal areas of Banyuwangi Sub District.

Methods: A total of 169 rodents were captured across three villages of Kampung Mandar, Lateng and Kepatihan, using rat single live traps. After being euthanized and identified, the blood samples were collected from each rodent via cardiac puncture. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to native (direct blood microscopic examination), microscopic blood smear examination, and molecular analyses utilizing TRYP1S-TRYP1R (623 bp) and LEW1S-LEW1R (220 bp).

Results: The results demonstrated that two species of rodents were successfully captured: Rattus norvegicus (65.68%) and Rattus tanezumi (34.32%). Based on the native and microscopic blood smear examinations, the prevalence of T. lewisi across three villages was 23.08% and 24.26% for molecular analysis employing both primers, respectively. The highest prevalence was found in Kampung Mandar Village (31.18%), followed by Kepatihan (16.67%) and Lateng Villages (15.71%).

Conclusion: Statistical analysis revealed that T. lewisi was more prevalent in R. tanezumi compared to R. norvegicus. In terms of sex, no statistically significant distinction was observed between female and male infected rodents of either species (p > 0.05), indicating both species can serve as a source of T. lewisi for humans in the surveyed villages.

背景:自从莱维西锥虫被确认为人畜共患的病原体(即非典型人类锥虫病)以来,有关啮齿类动物中莱维西锥虫的研究就受到了广泛关注。令人遗憾的是,尽管小型哺乳动物感染 T. lewisi 仍是人类公共卫生的重大问题,但在印度尼西亚却缺乏全面的研究。目的:本研究的目的是检测居住在班尤万吉分区沿海地区人口密集住宅区的啮齿动物中的 T. lewisi:方法:在甘榜曼达、拉滕和克帕提汉的三个村庄,使用单鼠活体诱捕器捕获了 169 只啮齿动物。在实施安乐术并确认身份后,通过心脏穿刺采集每只啮齿动物的血液样本。随后,对样本进行原生(直接血液显微镜检查)、显微血液涂片检查,并利用 TRYP1S-TRYP1R (623 bp) 和 LEW1S-LEW1R (220 bp) 进行分子分析:结果表明,成功捕获了两种啮齿动物:结果表明,成功捕获了两种啮齿类动物:Rattus norvegicus(65.68%)和 Rattus tanezumi(34.32%)。根据原生和显微血涂片检查,采用两种引物进行分子分析,三个村庄的 T. lewisi 流行率分别为 23.08% 和 24.26%。甘榜曼达村的感染率最高(31.18%),其次是凯帕提汉村(16.67%)和拉滕村(15.71%):统计分析显示,T. lewisi在R. tanezumi中的流行率高于R. norvegicus。在性别方面,两种受感染啮齿类动物的雌性和雄性在统计学上没有明显区别(P > 0.05),这表明两种啮齿类动物都可以成为调查村庄中人类感染 T. lewisi 的来源。
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引用次数: 0
Detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus antibodies in cattle in Kenedougou and Mouhoun provinces in Burkina Faso. 在布基纳法索凯内杜古省和穆翁省的牛群中检测克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒抗体。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.19
Laibané Dieudonné Dahourou, Madi Savadogo, Mikhailou Kiswend-Sida Dera, Lamoussa Roland Abga, Bruno Lalidia Ouoba, Rayangnéwêndé Stéphane Arnaud Tapsoba, Bernadette Yougbare, Salimata Akio, Lamouni Habibata Zerbo, Amadou Traore, Rianatou Bada Alambedji

Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic disease caused by an Orthonairovirus of the Nairoviridae family transmitted by tick bites and also contact with infected blood, tissues, or body fluids. Until now, fewer studies have been conducted on animals in Burkina Faso.

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors of CCHF in two provinces of Burkina Faso.

Methods: Serum samples were collected from 371 bovine animals. In addition, questionnaire surveys were performed with cattle breeders. The double-antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test was used to determine the presence of antibodies against the CCHF virus in serum samples.

Results: The results showed an overall prevalence of 72.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 67.6%-76.7%)]. Within the 74 herds included in the study, a herd prevalence of 96% (95% CI: 91.4%-100%) was obtained. The prevalence was significantly higher in Mouhoun province (80%, 95% CI: 74%-86%) compared to Kénédougou province (65.6%, 95% CI: 59.1%-72.2%). Multivariable regression analysis showed that females were more likely to be infected (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.1-3.6, p = 0.023) than males. In addition, cross-breed animals (OR = 6.42, 95% CI: 1.71-24.14, p = 0.006) were more likely to be infected compared to local-bred animals. This study revealed the presence of antibodies of the CCHF virus in cattle in the study area, indicating the need to implement control measures in the veterinary sector.

Conclusion: Despite the importance of CCHF in public health, no study has been implemented regarding this condition in animals in Burkina Faso. This study described evidence of cattle exposure to the virus in Burkina Faso.

背景:克里米亚-刚果出血热(CCHF克里米亚-刚果出血热(CCHF)是一种人畜共患病,由奈洛病毒科的一种正交奈洛病毒引起,通过蜱虫叮咬和接触受感染的血液、组织或体液传播。目的:本研究旨在调查布基纳法索两个省的 CCHF 血清流行率和风险因素:收集了 371 头牛的血清样本。此外,还对养牛者进行了问卷调查。采用双抗原夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清样本中是否存在 CCHF 病毒抗体:结果:结果显示,总患病率为 72.2% [95% 置信区间 (CI):67.6%-76.7%]。在纳入研究的 74 个畜群中,畜群流行率为 96%(95% 置信区间:91.4%-100%)。穆翁省的流行率(80%,95% CI:74%-86%)明显高于凯内杜古省(65.6%,95% CI:59.1%-72.2%)。多变量回归分析表明,雌性动物比雄性动物更容易受到感染(OR = 1.99,95% CI:1.1-3.6,p = 0.023)。此外,杂交动物(OR = 6.42,95% CI:1.71-24.14,p = 0.006)比本地饲养的动物更容易受到感染。这项研究显示,研究地区的牛体内存在 CCHF 病毒抗体,这表明兽医部门有必要采取控制措施:结论:尽管CCHF在公共卫生方面非常重要,但布基纳法索尚未对动物的这一病症进行过研究。本研究描述了布基纳法索牛只接触该病毒的证据。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the dog population in two Italian shelters in Central Italy (Marche region) as potential blood donors. 对意大利中部(马尔凯大区)两家收容所中可能捐血的狗群进行评估。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.5
Martina Quagliardi, Giacomo Rossi, Matteo Cerquetella, Alessandra Roncarati, Livio Galosi, Sara Mangiaterra, Alessandra Gavazza

Background: In recent years, the field of transfusion medicine for dogs has advanced significantly, becoming a crucial aspect of veterinary clinical practice. Nowadays, blood still remains a fundamental biological source and the welfare and health status of eligible species-specific blood donors are essential for veterinary transfusion medicine.

Aim: This study focused on evaluating two shelters in Central Italy (Marche region), located in Tolentino (TS) and in Camerino (CS), in order to assess the potential of the shelter dogs as canine blood donors.

Methods: We evaluated a total of 45 dogs from these shelters based on physical (age and size), clinical, behavioural, and blood analysis criteria described in the Italian Ministerial Guideline for Veterinary Transfusion Medicine (2016).

Results: At the TS shelter, out of 206 resident dogs, 125 met the donation criteria (60.68%), with 28 (13.59%) selected for the study due to the impossibility to collect the samplings or other exclusion causes. In the CS shelter, of the 149 dogs, 17 (11.41%) were identified as potential blood donors and included in the study. Among these, seven dogs (25%) from TS and five dogs (29.41%) from CS were found to have DEA1 negative blood group. High percentages (TS = 25.24%, CS = 40.27%) of dogs were excluded for seniority and 29.53% in CS for behavioural issues. Notable findings included reduced erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume [mean TS = 63.93 fl; CS = 64.00 fl] and Reticulocyte Hemoglobin [mean TS = 22.39 pg; CS = 21.38 pg]. Additionally, in both shelters' dogs showed a modest increase in eosinophils levels [mean TS = 1.59 K/μl; CS = 1.02 K/μl].

Conclusion: Shelter dogs can fulfill the blood donation requirements set by the Italian Ministerial Guideline on Veterinary Transfusion Medicine. They are generally in good health and present a low risk of transmitting parasitic diseases; however, many are ineligible for donation due to behavioural pathologies or temperament issues and seniority.

背景:近年来,狗输血医学领域取得了长足的进步,已成为兽医临床实践的一个重要方面。目的:本研究重点评估了意大利中部(马尔凯大区)位于托伦蒂诺(Tolentino,TS)和卡梅里诺(Camerino,CS)的两个收容所,以评估收容所的狗作为犬类献血者的潜力:我们根据《意大利兽医输血医学部指南》(2016 年)中描述的身体(年龄和体型)、临床、行为和血液分析标准,对这些收容所的 45 只犬进行了评估:在TS收容所的206只收容犬中,有125只(60.68%)符合捐赠标准,其中28只(13.59%)因无法采集样本或其他原因被排除在研究之外。在流浪狗收容中心的 149 隻狗中,有 17 隻(11.41%)被確定為可捐血的狗隻,並納入研究範圍內。其中,7 只来自 TS 的狗(25%)和 5 只来自 CS 的狗(29.41%)被发现为 DEA1 阴性血型。因年长而被排除的犬只比例较高(TS = 25.24%,CS = 40.27%),因行为问题而被排除的犬只比例为 29.53%。值得注意的发现包括红细胞平均血球容积减少 [TS = 63.93 fl;CS = 64.00 fl] 和网织红细胞血红蛋白减少 [TS = 22.39 pg;CS = 21.38 pg]。此外,两家收容所的犬只的嗜酸性粒细胞水平都略有上升[平均 TS = 1.59 K/μl;CS = 1.02 K/μl]:结论:收容犬可以满足意大利兽医输血医学部指南规定的献血要求。它们通常健康状况良好,传播寄生虫病的风险较低;然而,由于行为病理或性情问题以及年长等原因,许多狗不符合捐血条件。
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引用次数: 0
Immune response and safety of co-administered peste des petits ruminants, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, sheep and goat pox, and Pasteurellosis vaccines in goats. 山羊对同时接种小反刍兽疫、传染性山羊胸膜肺炎、绵羊和山羊痘以及巴氏杆菌病疫苗的免疫反应和安全性。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.25
Takele Tesgera Hurisa, Takele Abayneh Tefera, Retta Negatu, Teshale Sori, Berecha Bayisa Deme, Mirtneh Akalu Yilma, Wondwossen Tolossa, Abinet Legesse, Ashetu Negewo, Wubet W/Medhin, Kedir Sherefa, Getu Ayele, Adugna Geresu, Eyob Assefa, Dawit Dufera

Background: Infectious diseases such as peste des petits ruminants (PPRs), contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), sheep and goat pox (SGPX), and pasteurellosis have considerable impacts on the optimal utilization of sheep and goat resources in Ethiopia. Immunization using multiple vaccines administered simultaneously has been suggested as a cost-effective and safe approach to controlling and preventing these diseases.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the immunogenicity and safety of multiple vaccines administered simultaneously in goats.

Methods: Sero-negative PPR, CCPP, SGPX, and Pasteurellosis goats were immunized with multiple vaccines. Goats vaccinated with a single vaccine against each disease served as a positive control. The immune response of the goats was assessed using serological tests, and any adverse effects were monitored.

Results: The results of the present study showed that goats vaccinated with multiple vaccines exhibited a remarkable immune response against PPR, CCPP, and pasteurellosis. In contrast, they did not produce a protective immune response against sheep or goat pox. No adverse effects were observed with any of the vaccines.

Conclusion: This study suggested that combined vaccines can be effective at inducing a protective immune response in goats. However, further research is needed to fully understand the immune response to combined vaccines.

背景:小反刍兽疫(PPRs)、传染性山羊胸膜肺炎(CCPP)、绵羊和山羊痘(SGPX)以及巴氏杆菌病等传染病对埃塞俄比亚绵羊和山羊资源的优化利用产生了重大影响。使用多种疫苗同时进行免疫接种被认为是控制和预防这些疾病的一种既经济又安全的方法。目的:本研究旨在评估多种疫苗同时接种山羊的免疫原性和安全性:方法:用多种疫苗对血清阴性的 PPR、CCPP、SGPX 和巴氏杆菌病山羊进行免疫接种。接种了每种疾病单一疫苗的山羊作为阳性对照。使用血清学测试评估山羊的免疫反应,并监测任何不良反应:本研究结果表明,接种多种疫苗的山羊对 PPR、CCPP 和巴氏杆菌病的免疫反应显著。相反,它们对绵羊痘和山羊痘没有产生保护性免疫反应。没有观察到任何疫苗产生不良反应:这项研究表明,联合疫苗能有效诱导山羊产生保护性免疫反应。然而,要充分了解联合疫苗的免疫反应还需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"Immune response and safety of co-administered peste des petits ruminants, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, sheep and goat pox, and Pasteurellosis vaccines in goats.","authors":"Takele Tesgera Hurisa, Takele Abayneh Tefera, Retta Negatu, Teshale Sori, Berecha Bayisa Deme, Mirtneh Akalu Yilma, Wondwossen Tolossa, Abinet Legesse, Ashetu Negewo, Wubet W/Medhin, Kedir Sherefa, Getu Ayele, Adugna Geresu, Eyob Assefa, Dawit Dufera","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.25","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious diseases such as peste des petits ruminants (PPRs), contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), sheep and goat pox (SGPX), and pasteurellosis have considerable impacts on the optimal utilization of sheep and goat resources in Ethiopia. Immunization using multiple vaccines administered simultaneously has been suggested as a cost-effective and safe approach to controlling and preventing these diseases.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the immunogenicity and safety of multiple vaccines administered simultaneously in goats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sero-negative PPR, CCPP, SGPX, and Pasteurellosis goats were immunized with multiple vaccines. Goats vaccinated with a single vaccine against each disease served as a positive control. The immune response of the goats was assessed using serological tests, and any adverse effects were monitored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the present study showed that goats vaccinated with multiple vaccines exhibited a remarkable immune response against PPR, CCPP, and pasteurellosis. In contrast, they did not produce a protective immune response against sheep or goat pox. No adverse effects were observed with any of the vaccines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggested that combined vaccines can be effective at inducing a protective immune response in goats. However, further research is needed to fully understand the immune response to combined vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The prognostic importance of physiological and biochemical parameters in horses afflicted with colic. 马匹腹绞痛时生理和生化参数对预后的重要性。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.8
Indrė Mickevičienė, Donata Mikalauskienė, Zoja Miknienė

Background: Colic, a primary cause of illness and death in horses, necessitates the development of improved prognostic tools.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of physiological and biochemical parameters in horses suffering from colic.

Methods: A comprehensive clinical evaluation of 117 horses included assessment of heart rate, mucous membranes, capillary refill time, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, gut motility, reflux, and limb pulse strength.

Results: Stomach reflux, absence of gut noises, and increased heart rate (mean increase of 12 bpm) strongly correlate with a poor prognosis. Prolonged capillary refill time (mean increase of 3 seconds), rectal temperature (over 38.5°C), elevated packed cell volume (mean increase of 4%), and blood lactate levels (mean increase of 5 mmol/l) underscore the significance of these markers. Notably, blood lactate (p < 0.001), gut noises (p < 0.05), and heart rate (p < 0.001) demonstrate the highest predictive significance based on statistical analysis.

Conclusion: Future research should investigate the prognostic potential of additional parameters and assess the impact of recommended treatments on colic prognosis. This data-driven study emphasizes the critical role of early recognition and thorough assessment in colic cases, offering vital insights into improving equine healthcare and mitigating mortality rates.

背景:目的:本研究旨在探讨马匹腹绞痛时生理和生化指标的预后意义:方法:对117匹马进行综合临床评估,包括评估心率、粘膜、毛细血管再充盈时间、直肠温度、呼吸频率、肠道蠕动、反流和肢体脉搏强度:结果:胃反流、无肠鸣音和心率加快(平均加快 12 bpm)与预后不良密切相关。毛细血管再充盈时间延长(平均增加 3 秒)、直肠温度(超过 38.5°C)、充盈细胞体积升高(平均增加 4%)和血乳酸水平(平均增加 5 毫摩尔/升)凸显了这些指标的重要性。值得注意的是,根据统计分析,血乳酸(p < 0.001)、肠鸣音(p < 0.05)和心率(p < 0.001)具有最高的预测意义:未来的研究应调查更多参数的预后潜力,并评估推荐治疗对绞痛预后的影响。这项以数据为导向的研究强调了早期识别和全面评估绞痛病例的关键作用,为改善马匹医疗保健和降低死亡率提供了重要见解。
{"title":"The prognostic importance of physiological and biochemical parameters in horses afflicted with colic.","authors":"Indrė Mickevičienė, Donata Mikalauskienė, Zoja Miknienė","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.8","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colic, a primary cause of illness and death in horses, necessitates the development of improved prognostic tools.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of physiological and biochemical parameters in horses suffering from colic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive clinical evaluation of 117 horses included assessment of heart rate, mucous membranes, capillary refill time, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, gut motility, reflux, and limb pulse strength.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stomach reflux, absence of gut noises, and increased heart rate (mean increase of 12 bpm) strongly correlate with a poor prognosis. Prolonged capillary refill time (mean increase of 3 seconds), rectal temperature (over 38.5°C), elevated packed cell volume (mean increase of 4%), and blood lactate levels (mean increase of 5 mmol/l) underscore the significance of these markers. Notably, blood lactate (<i>p</i> < 0.001), gut noises (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and heart rate (<i>p</i> < 0.001) demonstrate the highest predictive significance based on statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Future research should investigate the prognostic potential of additional parameters and assess the impact of recommended treatments on colic prognosis. This data-driven study emphasizes the critical role of early recognition and thorough assessment in colic cases, offering vital insights into improving equine healthcare and mitigating mortality rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of two different commercial vaccines against bovine respiratory disease on cell-mediated immunity in Holstein cattle. 两种不同的牛呼吸道疾病商业疫苗对荷斯坦牛细胞介导免疫的影响
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.20
Mostafa El-Sayed El-Sheikh, Mamdouh Fahmy El-Mekawy, Mohammed Ibrahim Eisa, Nasser Zeidan Abouzeid, Mervat Ibrahim Abdelmonim, Emad Mohamed Bennour, Sarah Gamal Yousef

Background: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex illness that impacts the respiratory system of domestic cattle, resulting in significant financial losses for the agriculture industry. Inactivated or modified live (MLV) pathogen vaccines are often used as a management tool to prevent and control BRD effectively.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to assess the cell-mediated immune response (CMI) induced by two commercially available polyvalent vaccines, namely the MLV (cattle master gold FP) and the inactivated (CATTLEWIN-5K) vaccine.

Methods: A total of 20 seronegative heifers against 4 BRD viruses, bovine alphaherpisvirus-1 (BoAHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV BVDV-1: Pesti virus A; BVDV-2: Pesti virus B), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (BPIV3) were chosen for this study. The heifers were divided into three groups. The first group (n = 6) received no vaccination and was kept as a control. The second and third groups (seven heifers each) were vaccinated twice with either an MLV or inactivated vaccine. The gene expression level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, and 60th days post-vaccination. The results were compared with the control group to study the effectiveness of the vaccines.

Results: There was an upregulation in the expression level of IL-6 and INF-γ in both MLV and inactivated vaccinated groups. The level of IL-6 mRNA expression was statistically increased from the 14th and 28th days post-vaccination in MLV and inactivated vaccine groups, respectively. The expression level of INF-γ increased significantly from the 2nd and 4th weeks post-vaccination in the MLV and inactivated vaccine groups, respectively. The mean expression level of IL-6 and INF-γ mRNAs was significantly higher in the MLV vaccine group than in the inactivated vaccine group at each examination time.

Conclusion: Both investigated vaccines are efficient in stimulating CMI, particularly with the MLV vaccine showing a higher preponderance in IL-6 and INF-γ.

背景:牛呼吸道疾病(BRD)是一种影响家畜呼吸系统的复杂疾病,给农业造成重大经济损失。目的:本研究旨在评估两种市售多价疫苗,即多价疫苗(牛主金FP)和灭活疫苗(CATTLEWIN-5K)诱导的细胞介导免疫反应(CMI):本研究选择了 20 头对 4 种 BRD 病毒(牛α-herpisvirus-1(BoAHV-1)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV BVDV-1:Pesti 病毒 A;BVDV-2:Pesti 病毒 B)、牛呼吸道合胞病毒(BRSV)和牛副流感病毒-3(BPIV3))血清阴性的小母牛。母牛被分为三组。第一组(n = 6)不接种疫苗,作为对照。第二组和第三组(每组 7 头母牛)接种两次 MLV 疫苗或灭活疫苗。在接种后第 7 天、第 14 天、第 21 天、第 28 天和第 60 天,使用实时定量聚合酶链反应测定白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和γ干扰素(INF-γ)的基因表达水平。将结果与对照组进行比较,以研究疫苗的有效性:结果:在接种 MLV 和灭活疫苗组中,IL-6 和 INF-γ 的表达水平均有上调。MLV组和灭活疫苗组的IL-6 mRNA表达水平分别从接种后第14天和第28天开始出现统计学升高。MLV组和灭活疫苗组的INF-γ表达水平分别在接种后第2周和第4周显著增加。在每个检查时间段,MLV 疫苗组 IL-6 和 INF-γ mRNA 的平均表达水平均明显高于灭活疫苗组:结论:所研究的两种疫苗都能有效刺激 CMI,尤其是 MLV 疫苗在 IL-6 和 INF-γ 中的表达量更高。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiological and pathomorphologic investigation of peste des petits ruminants in Western Algeria: A comprehensive study of clinical and histopathological findings. 阿尔及利亚西部小反刍兽疫的流行病学和病理形态学调查:对临床和组织病理学发现的综合研究。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.18
Khaldia Merdja, Houari Hemida, Assia Boumezrag

Background: This study delves into the epidemiology and pathomorphologic characteristics of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in western Algeria, a viral disease that constantly threatens small animals in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.

Aim: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the epidemiology of PPR in western Algeria and to understand the pathomorphological lesions in naturally infected small ruminants.

Methods: An online survey conducted via google forms and shared with veterinarians in the wilaya of Tiaret, provided insights into the prevalence and clinical manifestations of PPR.A comprehensive examination of organs was conducted and representative tissue samples from the lungs, trachea, thymus, spleen, liver, kidney, heart, tongue, stomach, different parts of the small and large intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected and the specimen was fixed in a 10% neutral buffer formalin solution.

Results: Among 2,200 small ruminants managed by expert veterinarians, 192 small ruminants exhibited clinical signs compatible with PPR, and 79 dead animals. Among the 31 sick young small ruminants, eight were confirmed to be infected with the PPR virus. Necropsies of affected animals revealed significant gross lesions in organs such as the lungs, intestines, spleen, and lymph nodes. Histopathological analysis further illuminated the severity of lesions, including interstitial pneumonia, syncytial cell formation, and severe gastroenteritis.

Conclusion: The study's comprehensive approach, encompassing epidemiological data, necropsy findings, and histopathological insights, contributes valuable knowledge for understanding and managing PPR outbreaks.The pathological lesions observed in this study exhibited consistency with those previously documented in experimental studies, thereby providing support for the diagnosis based on clinical signs and disease history.

背景:本研究探讨了阿尔及利亚西部小反刍兽疫(PPR)的流行病学和病理形态学特征,这种病毒性疾病一直威胁着非洲、中东和亚洲的小动物:方法:通过谷歌表格进行在线调查,并与提亚雷特省的兽医共享,从而了解 PPR 的流行情况和临床表现。对器官进行全面检查,收集肺、气管、胸腺、脾脏、肝脏、肾脏、心脏、舌、胃、大小肠的不同部位以及肠系膜淋巴结的代表性组织样本,并将标本固定在 10% 的中性缓冲福尔马林溶液中:结果:在由专业兽医管理的 2200 头小反刍兽中,有 192 头小反刍兽表现出与 PPR 相符的临床症状,79 头死亡。在 31 头生病的幼小反刍动物中,有 8 头被证实感染了 PPR 病毒。对患病动物的尸体解剖显示,肺、肠、脾脏和淋巴结等器官有明显的大体病变。组织病理学分析进一步揭示了病变的严重程度,包括间质性肺炎、合胞形成和严重的肠胃炎:本研究采用综合方法,包括流行病学数据、尸体解剖结果和组织病理学见解,为了解和管理 PPR 疫情提供了宝贵的知识。本研究中观察到的病理病变与之前实验研究中记录的病理病变一致,从而为基于临床症状和病史的诊断提供了支持。
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引用次数: 0
First molecular sequencing of Babesia gibsoni in ticks, Iraq. 首次对伊拉克蜱虫中的吉布森巴贝西亚虫进行分子测序。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.32
Israa M Essa, Ghazi Y Azzal, Nadia K Thamer

Background: Tick is one of the most important ectoparasites distributed worldwide and plays an obvious role in the transmission of different infections to humans and animals as dogs.

Aim: This study conducted to molecular demonstration of Babesia gibsoni in ticks of stray dogs and phylogenetic analysis of study isolates to detect their identity to global isolates. Prevalence of ticks in dogs, identification of tick species, and their relationship to some risk factors were aimed, also.

Methods: A total of 97 stray dogs were inspected grossly to detect and collect ticks that existed in different body parts. After collection, all ticks were examined morphologically to identify their species, and then molecularly by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect B. gibsoni in different species of ticks. Local B. gibsoni isolates were sequenced, documented in the National Center For biotechnology information (NCBI) database, analyzed phylogenetically, and compared with the global GenBank-NCBI isolates.

Results: In the current study, ticks were detected in 43.3% of dogs, and were shown to be varied in number and distribution among different body parts of each dog. Concerning its distribution, ticks were observed significantly on the abdomen, ear, and perineal region. In relation to risk factors, ticks were increased significantly in dogs <6 months old in comparison to older dogs, males more than females; and in rural areas more than dogs of sub-urban and urban areas. Based on morphology, different tick species were seen including Hylaomma anatolicum (86.12%), R. sanguineus (11.99%), and Rhipicephalus turanicus (1.89%). Targeting the 18S rRNA gene, PCR assay reported 3.79% positive ticks to B. gibsoni that were seen in R. sanguineus (13.16%) and H. anatolicum (2.56%). Based on phylogenetic analysis data of five local B. gibsoni isolates, this study demonstrated their close relations to the global NCBI-BLAST B. gibsoni Iraqi isolate (ID: MN385424.1).

Conclusion: This represents the first Iraqi study that demonstrated molecularly B. gibsoni in different species of ticks that infected stray dogs.

背景:蜱虫是分布于世界各地的最重要的体外寄生虫之一,在向人类和狗等动物传播各种感染中发挥着明显的作用。目的:本研究对流浪狗蜱虫中的吉布森巴贝西亚原虫进行了分子鉴定,并对研究分离物进行了系统发育分析,以检测其与全球分离物的一致性。此外,还旨在研究狗体内蜱虫的流行情况、蜱虫种类的鉴定及其与一些风险因素的关系:方法:对 97 只流浪狗进行大体检查,检测并收集存在于不同身体部位的蜱虫。收集蜱虫后,对所有蜱虫进行形态学检查以确定其种类,然后通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测不同种类蜱虫中的吉布森氏杆菌。对当地的 B. gibsoni 分离物进行了测序,并将其记录在美国国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)数据库中,进行了系统进化分析,并与全球 GenBank-NCBI 分离物进行了比较:结果:在本次研究中,43.3%的狗体内发现了蜱虫,而且在每只狗的不同身体部位发现的蜱虫数量和分布情况各不相同。就分布而言,蜱虫主要分布在腹部、耳朵和会阴部。与风险因素有关的是,蜱虫在狗体内的数量明显增加,包括Hylaomma anatolicum(86.12%)、R. sanguineus(11.99%)和Rhipicephalus turanicus(1.89%)。针对 18S rRNA 基因的 PCR 检测报告显示,3.79%的阳性蜱与 B. gibsoni 有关,而这些蜱在 R. sanguineus(13.16%)和 H. anatolicum(2.56%)中也能看到。根据对当地 5 个 B. gibsoni 分离物的系统发育分析数据,该研究表明它们与全球 NCBI-BLAST B. gibsoni 伊拉克分离物(ID:MN385424.1)关系密切:这是伊拉克首次从分子角度证明感染流浪狗的不同种类蜱虫中存在 B. gibsoni 的研究。
{"title":"First molecular sequencing of <i>Babesia gibsoni</i> in ticks, Iraq.","authors":"Israa M Essa, Ghazi Y Azzal, Nadia K Thamer","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.32","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tick is one of the most important ectoparasites distributed worldwide and plays an obvious role in the transmission of different infections to humans and animals as dogs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study conducted to molecular demonstration of <i>Babesia gibsoni</i> in ticks of stray dogs and phylogenetic analysis of study isolates to detect their identity to global isolates. Prevalence of ticks in dogs, identification of tick species, and their relationship to some risk factors were aimed, also.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 97 stray dogs were inspected grossly to detect and collect ticks that existed in different body parts. After collection, all ticks were examined morphologically to identify their species, and then molecularly by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect <i>B. gibsoni</i> in different species of ticks. Local <i>B. gibsoni</i> isolates were sequenced, documented in the National Center For biotechnology information (NCBI) database, analyzed phylogenetically, and compared with the global GenBank-NCBI isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the current study, ticks were detected in 43.3% of dogs, and were shown to be varied in number and distribution among different body parts of each dog. Concerning its distribution, ticks were observed significantly on the abdomen, ear, and perineal region. In relation to risk factors, ticks were increased significantly in dogs <6 months old in comparison to older dogs, males more than females; and in rural areas more than dogs of sub-urban and urban areas. Based on morphology, different tick species were seen including <i>Hylaomma anatolicum</i> (86.12%), <i>R. sanguineus</i> (11.99%), and <i>Rhipicephalus turanicus</i> (1.89%). Targeting the <i>18S rRNA</i> gene, PCR assay reported 3.79% positive ticks to <i>B. gibsoni</i> that were seen in <i>R. sanguineus</i> (13.16%) and <i>H. anatolicum</i> (2.56%). Based on phylogenetic analysis data of five local <i>B. gibsoni</i> isolates, this study demonstrated their close relations to the global NCBI-BLAST <i>B. gibsoni</i> Iraqi isolate (ID: MN385424.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This represents the first Iraqi study that demonstrated molecularly <i>B. gibsoni</i> in different species of ticks that infected stray dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hepatoprotective efficacy of Lagenaria siceraria seeds oil against experimentally carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity. 西洋菜籽油对实验性四氯化碳诱发的毒性具有保护肝脏的功效。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.31
Najlaa H Almohmadi, Ahmed K Aldhalmi, Mona Zahran, Walaa E Alhassani, Shatha G Felemban, Sameh M El-Nabtity, Hazem M Shaheen

Background: The liver is crucial for maintaining normal metabolism in the body. Various substances, such as toxic chemicals, drugs, and alcohol, can damage hepatocyte cells, leading to metabolic imbalances.

Aim: The experiment aimed to determine the efficacy of Lagenaria siceraria seed oil (LSS) as a hepatoprotective agent against acute hepatotoxicity triggered by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).

Methods: A total of 20 rats were randomly separated into four groups. The control group: rats received 2 ml of distilled water orally, followed by 1.25 ml of olive oil intraperitoneally (i.p.) after 30 minutes. CCL4 group: rats were given a single intraperitoneal dose of 1.25 ml/kg b.w. of CCl4 in a 1:1 mixture with olive oil. Silymarin group: received 100 mg of silymarin per kg of b.w. diluted in 2 ml of distilled water orally, followed by CCl4 treatment after 30 minutes. LSS oil group: received LSS oil at 3g/kg b.w. orally, followed by CCl4 treatment after 30 minutes. Blood samples were collected to assess liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP), proteins and bilirubin fractions, and redox status (catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) were assessed in hepatic tissues. Changes in liver histopathological examination were also evaluated.

Results: In CCl4-treated rats, there was a significant increase in serum liver marker enzyme activity (ALP, AST, and ALT) along with a significant elevation (p < 0.05) in total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and direct bilirubin compared to the control rats. However, all these parameters decreased in the CCl4+ Silymarin and CCl4+LSS groups compared to CCl4-treated rats. There was a significant decline in total protein level and serum albumin in all experimental groups compared to the control, while globulin levels significantly increased in all experimental groups. There was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the level of GSH and catalase, with an increase in MDA level in CCl4 rats compared to other rats. Histopathological investigation of the LSS-treated group showed a hepatoprotective effect against CCl4.

Conclusion: The study revealed that LSS oil has antioxidant activity against CCl4-induced toxicity.

背景:肝脏是维持人体正常新陈代谢的关键。目的:本实验旨在确定川贝籽油(LSS)作为肝保护剂对四氯化碳(CCl4)引发的急性肝中毒的疗效:方法:将 20 只大鼠随机分为四组。对照组:大鼠口服 2 毫升蒸馏水,30 分钟后腹腔注射 1.25 毫升橄榄油。CCL4 组:给大鼠腹腔注射单剂量 1.25 毫升/千克体重的 CCl4 与橄榄油 1:1 的混合物。水飞蓟素组:每公斤体重口服 100 毫克水飞蓟素,稀释在 2 毫升蒸馏水中,30 分钟后再注射四氯化碳。LSS油组:口服每公斤体重3克的LSS油,30分钟后进行CCl4处理。收集血液样本以评估肝酶(AST、ALT 和 ALP)、蛋白质和胆红素组分,并评估肝组织的氧化还原状态(过氧化氢酶、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA))。此外,还评估了肝脏组织病理学检查的变化:结果:与对照组大鼠相比,CCl4 处理的大鼠血清肝脏标志物酶活性(ALP、AST 和 ALT)显著升高,总胆红素、间接胆红素和直接胆红素也显著升高(p < 0.05)。然而,与 CCl4 处理的大鼠相比,CCl4+水飞蓟素组和 CCl4+LSS 组的所有这些指标均有所下降。与对照组相比,所有实验组的总蛋白水平和血清白蛋白都明显下降,而所有实验组的球蛋白水平都明显上升。与其他大鼠相比,CCl4 大鼠的 GSH 和过氧化氢酶水平明显下降(p < 0.05),MDA 水平上升。组织病理学调查显示,LSS 处理组对 CCl4 具有保护肝脏的作用:研究表明,LSS 油对 CCl4 引起的毒性具有抗氧化活性。
{"title":"Hepatoprotective efficacy of <i>Lagenaria siceraria</i> seeds oil against experimentally carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity.","authors":"Najlaa H Almohmadi, Ahmed K Aldhalmi, Mona Zahran, Walaa E Alhassani, Shatha G Felemban, Sameh M El-Nabtity, Hazem M Shaheen","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.31","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The liver is crucial for maintaining normal metabolism in the body. Various substances, such as toxic chemicals, drugs, and alcohol, can damage hepatocyte cells, leading to metabolic imbalances.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The experiment aimed to determine the efficacy of <i>Lagenaria siceraria</i> seed oil (LSS) as a hepatoprotective agent against acute hepatotoxicity triggered by carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 20 rats were randomly separated into four groups. The control group: rats received 2 ml of distilled water orally, followed by 1.25 ml of olive oil intraperitoneally (i.p.) after 30 minutes. CCL<sub>4</sub> group: rats were given a single intraperitoneal dose of 1.25 ml/kg b.w. of CCl<sub>4</sub> in a 1:1 mixture with olive oil. Silymarin group: received 100 mg of silymarin per kg of b.w. diluted in 2 ml of distilled water orally, followed by CCl<sub>4</sub> treatment after 30 minutes. LSS oil group: received LSS oil at 3g/kg b.w. orally, followed by CCl<sub>4</sub> treatment after 30 minutes. Blood samples were collected to assess liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP), proteins and bilirubin fractions, and redox status (catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) were assessed in hepatic tissues. Changes in liver histopathological examination were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In CCl4-treated rats, there was a significant increase in serum liver marker enzyme activity (ALP, AST, and ALT) along with a significant elevation (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and direct bilirubin compared to the control rats. However, all these parameters decreased in the CCl<sub>4</sub>+ Silymarin and CCl<sub>4</sub>+LSS groups compared to CCl<sub>4</sub>-treated rats. There was a significant decline in total protein level and serum albumin in all experimental groups compared to the control, while globulin levels significantly increased in all experimental groups. There was a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduction in the level of GSH and catalase, with an increase in MDA level in CCl<sub>4</sub> rats compared to other rats. Histopathological investigation of the LSS-treated group showed a hepatoprotective effect against CCl<sub>4</sub>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed that LSS oil has antioxidant activity against CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular, epidemiological, and hematological evaluation in Ehrlichia canis infected dogs from an endemic region in Egypt. 对来自埃及流行地区的犬艾氏杆菌感染犬进行分子、流行病学和血液学评估。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.10
Dina A Mobarak, Elzahara K Elbaz, Samar M Atwa, Mohamed I Eisa, Ahmed M El-Sebaey, Ahmed M Selim

Background: Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is considered a multisystemic, life-threatening, rickettsial, and tick-borne disease that affects canine species and is caused by Ehrlichia canis (E. canis). Clinical signs of CME vary from asymptomatic to severe illness with three clinical phases. E. canis has the potential to infect humans.

Aim: This study aimed to provide recent information as there is limited data about the disease in Egypt. Therefore, this work was conducted to study the molecular prevalence of E. canis and evaluate the corresponding risk factors, hematology, biochemistry, and molecular characterization of the genus Ehrlichia and E. canis species among Egyptian dogs.

Methods: One hundred eighty dogs of both sexes from 3 months to 8 years from different breeds: stray and foreign breeds were examined for clinical signs in all seasons in two delta governorates: El-Dakahlia and El-Gharbia. Blood samples were collected from dogs for microscopic and haemato-biochemical analysis, and then molecular characterization of the genus Ehrlichia and species-specific E. canis was performed, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.

Results: Out of 180 samples examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, 42 (23.33%) were positive for the genus of Ehrlichia and the species-specific E. canis. Only twenty-four dogs (13.33%) were positive for PCR, infested with ticks, and showed fever, anemia, loss of body weight, pale mucous membrane of gum and conjunctiva, blindness, paralysis, hemoglobinuria, and Melena. The univariate logistic regression revealed that all variables, including age, season, tick infestation, hemorrhage from natural orifices, and ectoparasitic treatments per year, showed statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05), except breed and sex, which also did not exhibit any relation between CME infection in multivariate logistic regression. The presence of morulae inside leukocytes in 66 dogs out of the total examined 180 (36.67%), only 39 (59.1%) were positive for morulae and PCR-positive for E. canis. Dogs positive for E. canis suffered from anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, the absolute value of WBCs and their fractions, alanine aminotransferas (ALT), AST, ALKP, γ-GT, total. P, T.BIL, urea, globulin, and creatinine were significantly increased in dogs infected with E. canis when compared to those with negative PCR results, while the levels of albumin and A: G ratios were significantly decreased.

Conclusion: The current study proves the existence of E. canis in El-Dakahlia and El-Gharbia governorates, and this is the first large-scale study concerning the epidemiological, clinicopathological examination, molecular characterization, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of reported from the center of the Delta of the Nile in Egypt.

背景:犬单核细胞埃希氏菌病(CME)是由犬埃希氏菌(Ehrlichia canis)引起的一种影响犬类的多系统、危及生命的立克次体和蜱媒疾病。CME 的临床症状从无症状到病情严重不等,分为三个临床阶段。目的:本研究旨在提供最新信息,因为埃及有关该疾病的数据有限。因此,本研究对埃及犬科埃利希氏菌的分子流行率进行了研究,并评估了相应的风险因素、血液学、生物化学以及埃利希氏菌属和犬科埃利希氏菌种的分子特征:方法:在两个三角洲省对 180 只 3 个月至 8 岁的不同品种的雌雄犬(包括流浪犬和外国品种犬)进行了临床症状检查:El-Dakahlia 和 El-Gharbia。从狗身上采集血液样本进行显微镜和血液生化分析,然后进行埃里希氏菌属和犬埃里希氏菌种特异性的分子鉴定,随后进行测序和系统发育分析:结果:在通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测的 180 份样本中,有 42 份(23.33%)对埃利希氏菌属和犬特异性埃利希氏菌呈阳性。只有 24 只狗(13.33%)对聚合酶链式反应(PCR)呈阳性反应,并感染了蜱虫,表现出发烧、贫血、体重减轻、牙龈和结膜粘膜苍白、失明、麻痹、血红蛋白尿和腹泻。单变量Logistic回归结果显示,除了品种和性别与CME感染没有关系外,年龄、季节、蜱虫感染、自然孔道出血和每年外寄生虫治疗等所有变量在多变量Logistic回归中均有统计学意义(P≤0.05)。在接受检查的180只狗(36.67%)中,有66只狗的白细胞内存在蜕膜,只有39只狗(59.1%)的蜕膜和犬大肠杆菌PCR检测呈阳性。犬大肠杆菌检测呈阳性的犬患有贫血症、严重血小板减少症、白细胞绝对值及其组分、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALKP)、γ-谷草转氨酶(γ-GT)、总P、T.BIL、u.与 PCR 结果阴性的狗相比,感染犬大肠杆菌的狗的白蛋白和 A. G 比率水平明显升高:结论:目前的研究证明在 El-Dakahlia 和 El-Gharbia 省存在犬大肠杆菌,这是首次对埃及尼罗河三角洲中心地区报告的犬大肠杆菌进行流行病学、临床病理学检查、分子特征描述、测序和系统发育分析的大规模研究。
{"title":"Molecular, epidemiological, and hematological evaluation in <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> infected dogs from an endemic region in Egypt.","authors":"Dina A Mobarak, Elzahara K Elbaz, Samar M Atwa, Mohamed I Eisa, Ahmed M El-Sebaey, Ahmed M Selim","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.10","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is considered a multisystemic, life-threatening, rickettsial, and tick-borne disease that affects canine species and is caused by <i>Ehrlichia canis (E. canis)</i>. Clinical signs of CME vary from asymptomatic to severe illness with three clinical phases. <i>E. canis</i> has the potential to infect humans.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to provide recent information as there is limited data about the disease in Egypt. Therefore, this work was conducted to study the molecular prevalence of <i>E. canis</i> and evaluate the corresponding risk factors, hematology, biochemistry, and molecular characterization of the genus Ehrlichia and <i>E. canis</i> species among Egyptian dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred eighty dogs of both sexes from 3 months to 8 years from different breeds: stray and foreign breeds were examined for clinical signs in all seasons in two delta governorates: El-Dakahlia and El-Gharbia. Blood samples were collected from dogs for microscopic and haemato-biochemical analysis, and then molecular characterization of the genus Ehrlichia and species-specific <i>E. canis</i> was performed, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 180 samples examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, 42 (23.33%) were positive for the genus of Ehrlichia and the species-specific <i>E. canis.</i> Only twenty-four dogs (13.33%) were positive for PCR, infested with ticks, and showed fever, anemia, loss of body weight, pale mucous membrane of gum and conjunctiva, blindness, paralysis, hemoglobinuria, and Melena. The univariate logistic regression revealed that all variables, including age, season, tick infestation, hemorrhage from natural orifices, and ectoparasitic treatments per year, showed statistical significance (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), except breed and sex, which also did not exhibit any relation between CME infection in multivariate logistic regression. The presence of morulae inside leukocytes in 66 dogs out of the total examined 180 (36.67%), only 39 (59.1%) were positive for morulae and PCR-positive for <i>E. canis</i>. Dogs positive for <i>E. canis</i> suffered from anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, the absolute value of WBCs and their fractions, alanine aminotransferas (ALT), AST, ALKP, γ-GT, total. P, T.BIL, urea, globulin, and creatinine were significantly increased in dogs infected with <i>E. canis</i> when compared to those with negative PCR results, while the levels of albumin and A: G ratios were significantly decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study proves the existence of <i>E. canis</i> in El-Dakahlia and El-Gharbia governorates, and this is the first large-scale study concerning the epidemiological, clinicopathological examination, molecular characterization, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of reported from the center of the Delta of the Nile in Egypt.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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