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Stem bark ethanolic extract of Pinus merkusii induces caspase 9-mediated apoptosis in HeLa cells. 欧洲赤松的茎皮乙醇提取物能诱导 HeLa 细胞中由 caspase 9 介导的细胞凋亡。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.12
Agung Budianto Achmad, Annise Proboningrat, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori, Amaq Fadholly, Siti Eliana Rochmi, Rinza Rahmawati Samsudin, Nanik Hidayatik, Gracia Angelina Hendarti, Shara Jayanti

Background: Cervical cancer is a severe concern for women throughout the world. This percentage of cancer incidence causes sufferers to die at a high rate. It is believed that the bark of the Pinus merkusii tree contains anti-cancer compounds that inhibit cervical cancer cell growth.

Aim: This present study aims to examine the cytotoxic ability of P. merkusii tree bark ethanol extract (PMBE) by inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells.

Methods: We administered the PMBE at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/ml to HeLa cell cultures. We then conducted the MTT cytotoxicity assay, detected apoptosis via Annexin V binding, and observed caspase 9 expression via immunocytochemistry.

Results: PMBE showed cytotoxic activity on HeLa cells with an IC50 of 226.6 µg/ml for 24 hours of treatment. PMBE caused early apoptosis in up to 81.31% of HeLa cells, as well as increased caspase-9 expression.

Conclusion: Based on this study, PMBE is predicted to have dose-dependent antiproliferative or cytotoxicity effects on the HeLa cell line through the intrinsic pathway apoptosis mechanism.

背景:宫颈癌是全世界妇女严重关切的问题。宫颈癌的发病率很高,导致患者死亡率很高。目的:本研究旨在通过诱导 HeLa 细胞凋亡,检测欧洲赤松树皮乙醇提取物(PMBE)的细胞毒性能力:方法:我们将浓度为 50、100、200 和 400 µg/ml 的 PMBE 加入 HeLa 细胞培养物中。然后我们进行了 MTT 细胞毒性试验,通过 Annexin V 结合检测细胞凋亡,并通过免疫细胞化学观察 caspase 9 的表达:结果:PMBE 对 HeLa 细胞具有细胞毒性,处理 24 小时的 IC50 值为 226.6 µg/ml。结果:PMBE 对 HeLa 细胞具有细胞毒性活性,处理 24 小时的 IC50 为 226.6 µg/ml, PMBE 可导致高达 81.31% 的 HeLa 细胞早期凋亡,并增加 caspase-9 的表达:根据这项研究,PMBE 可通过内在途径凋亡机制对 HeLa 细胞株产生剂量依赖性的抗增殖或细胞毒性作用。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Java plum (Syzygium cumini) leave extract and a silver nanoparticles synthesis on pathogens in skin diseases of dogs. 爪哇李(Syzygium cumini)叶提取物和银纳米粒子合成物对狗皮肤病病原体的影响。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.16
Namthip Wongstitwilairoong, Usuma Jermnark, Napasorn Paochoosak, Orawan Limsivilai, Wissanuwat Chimnoi, Yared Beyene Yohannes, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Aksorn Saengtienchai

Background: Antibiotic use has been rising in both humans and animals. The growing concern over antimicrobial drug resistance and the promotion of regional drug use have led to a rise in the interest in medicinal applications of herbs combined with biosynthesized nanoparticles.

Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial and acaricidal effects of Syzygium cumini leaves crude extract (Sc-CE) and biosynthesized S. cumini silver nanoparticles (Sc-AgNPs) on dog skin pathogens and determined the optimal concentration and time for in vitro application.

Methods: Syzygium cumini leaves (Sc) were prepared as Sc-CE and Sc-AgNPs. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized employing various techniques, including dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Phytochemical analyses were conducted using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry screening. Antimicrobial activity was examined against gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, yeast strains including Malassezia pachydermatis and Candida albicans, and ectoparasite. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on canine primary dermal fibroblast (CPDF) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.

Results: The Sc-AgNPs exhibited nanoparticle sizes ranging from 100 to 350 nm with aggregated spherical shape and contained Ag element in this nanoparticle. Myricetin and Phloretin were among the extracted compounds, contributing to the reduction of pathogenic organisms. Sc-AgNPs showed high efficacy against skin pathogens compared to Sc-CE, with a lower cytotoxicity effect on CPDF.

Conclusion: The Sc-AgNPs demonstrated superior efficiency against pathogens in dog skin diseases as both concentration- and time-dependent and were deemed safe to CPDF within 24 hours.

背景:人类和动物使用抗生素的情况都在不断增加。目的:评估茜草叶粗提取物(Sc-CE)和生物合成的茜草银纳米颗粒(Sc-AgNPs)对狗皮肤病原体的抗菌和杀螨作用,并确定体外应用的最佳浓度和时间:方法:将茜草叶(Sc)制备成 Sc-CE 和 Sc-AgNPs。采用动态光散射、扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线分析等多种技术对生物合成的银纳米粒子进行了表征。植物化学分析采用液相色谱法和四极杆飞行时间质谱法进行。对金黄色葡萄球菌和假中间葡萄球菌等革兰氏阳性菌、铜绿假单胞菌等革兰氏阴性菌、马拉色菌和白色念珠菌等酵母菌株以及外寄生虫进行了抗菌活性检测。使用 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑对犬原发性真皮成纤维细胞(CPDF)进行了细胞毒性评估:结果表明:Sc-AgNPs 的纳米粒子大小为 100 至 350 nm,呈聚集球形,其中含有银元素。提取的化合物中的杨梅素和黄皮素有助于减少病原体。与 Sc-CE 相比,Sc-AgNPs 对皮肤病原体有很高的疗效,对 CPDF 的细胞毒性作用较低:结论:Sc-AgNPs 对狗皮肤病病原体具有卓越的功效,这与浓度和时间有关,并且在 24 小时内对 CPDF 是安全的。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular detection of Cryptosporidium spp. among wild rats in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. 印度尼西亚东爪哇泗水野鼠隐孢子虫属的分子检测。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.18
Endang Suprihati, Heni Puspitasari, Elly Nur Indasari, Ponasari Galuh, Lucia Tri Suwanti, Mufasirin Mufasirin, Poedji Hastutiek, Boedi Setiawan

Background: Humans and animals who have an acute case of diarrhea can be infected with Cryptosporidium spp. Within the category of water-borne disease, it is a zoonotic disease. The zoonotic disease Cryptosporidium is among the several pathogens carried by wild rats (Rattus spp.). The risk of spreading this disease is rather significant in urban environments because rats are often close to people.

Aim: This study aims to detect Cryptosporidium spp. infection in wild rats in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Methods: Through necropsy, a total of 100 wild rats' intestines were sampled for feces. Microscopic observation of the presence of Cryptosporidium was carried out using the float test with a combination of Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining. Molecular detection of Cryptosporidium spp. positive results used the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene with polimerase chain reaction method.

Results: The results showed that 69 samples were positive for containing Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and with ZN staining to confirm the diagnosis, the staining results showed Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts dark pink with a clear cavity inside with a percentage of 95.65% in Rattus norvegicus and 61.03% in Rattus tanezumi. In residential and densely populated environments the percentage of Cryptosporidium spp. amounted to 66.66% and in the market environment amounted to 74.19%. The percentage of Cryptosporidium spp. in the North Surabaya region was 42.85%, South Surabaya 100%, West Surabaya 37.5%, East Surabaya 81.39%, and Central Surabaya 65.38%. Molecular detection of Cryptosporidium spp. positive results were obtained using the COWP gene 550 bp.

Conclusion: This study aims to detect Cryptosporidium spp. infection in wild rats in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The high number of cases of cryptosporidiosis in wild rats has the potential to be a reservoir for the spread of the disease. The Cryptosporidium spp can detected with COWP in 550 bp in wild rats in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

背景:人和动物在急性腹泻时都可能感染隐孢子虫属,它属于水传播疾病,是一种人畜共患病。人畜共患病隐孢子虫是野鼠(Rattus spp.)携带的几种病原体之一。在城市环境中,这种疾病的传播风险相当大,因为老鼠经常接近人类。目的:本研究旨在检测印度尼西亚东爪哇泗水野鼠的隐孢子虫感染情况:方法:通过尸体解剖,共采集了 100 只野鼠的肠道粪便样本。采用浮游试验结合齐氏染色法(ZN)对隐孢子虫进行显微观察。采用多聚酶链反应法检测隐孢子虫卵囊壁蛋白(COWP)基因,对阳性结果进行分子检测:结果显示,69 份样本的隐孢子虫卵囊含量呈阳性,用 ZN 染色法确诊,染色结果显示隐孢子虫卵囊呈深粉红色,内部有一个透明的空腔,在诺维格鼠中的比例为 95.65%,在达尼苏米鼠中的比例为 61.03%。在居民区和人口密集的环境中,隐孢子虫的比例为 66.66%,在市场环境中为 74.19%。泗水北部地区的隐孢子虫比例为 42.85%,泗水南部地区为 100%,泗水西部地区为 37.5%,泗水东部地区为 81.39%,泗水中部地区为 65.38%。使用 COWP 基因 550 bp 对隐孢子虫属进行分子检测,结果呈阳性:本研究旨在检测印度尼西亚东爪哇省泗水市野鼠的隐孢子虫感染情况。野鼠隐孢子虫病病例较多,有可能成为隐孢子虫病的传播源。在印度尼西亚东爪哇省泗水市的野鼠中,隐孢子虫可以用COWP检测到550 bp的隐孢子虫。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiology of cat bites to people in Uruguay: Effects of the age and sex of the victim, season of the year, and the COVID-19 pandemic. 乌拉圭人被猫咬伤的流行病学:受害者的年龄和性别、季节以及 COVID-19 大流行的影响。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.27
Juan Pablo Damián, Javier Román, Gabriela Willat, Florencia Barrios

Background: Cat bites to people are an important public health problem. However, very little information exists on the epidemiology of people bitten by cats at the level of an entire country in Latin America. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly influenced people's lives and their relationships with pets, which could potentially affect the frequency of people bitten by cats.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of people bitten by cats in Uruguay (2010 to 2020) according to the sex and age of the victim, season of the year, and to compare the prevalence in the pandemic year (2020) with that of the pre-pandemic years (2010-2019).

Methods: Cross-sectional study. Cat-bite notifications for the 2010-2020 period were analyzed using data from the Uruguayan Ministry of Public Health (Uruguay).

Results: The annual cat-bite rate for the 2010-2020 period was 2.1 per 100,000 people. The frequency of cat bites varied with the victim´s sex (p < 0.0001), being greater in females (n = 506, 66.5%) than in males (n = 255, 33.5%). The age at being bitten by cats varied with the sex of the victim, with males being bitten at an earlier age than females (p < 0.0001). Among the age categories of 30-74 years, females were bitten more than males (p < 0.05). Overall, cat bites were much less frequent in the oldest age categories (over 75 years old, p < 0.05). The percentage of cat bites tended to change with the season of the year (p = 0.08), with most bites occurring in spring and summer. The frequency of cat-bite injuries was similar between 2020 and the pre-COVID-19 pandemic years.

Conclusion: In Uruguay, cat bite incidents were affected by the victim's sex (more in females) and age, as well as by the season. During the initial year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rate of cat bites was no different from those in earlier years.

背景:被猫咬伤是一个重要的公共卫生问题。然而,拉丁美洲整个国家被猫咬伤的流行病学资料很少。此外,COVID-19 大流行严重影响了人们的生活及其与宠物的关系,这可能会影响被猫咬伤的频率。目的:本研究旨在根据受害者的性别、年龄和季节确定乌拉圭(2010 年至 2020 年)被猫咬伤的流行率,并比较大流行年(2020 年)与大流行前年份(2010 年至 2019 年)的流行率:方法:横断面研究。方法:横断面研究。利用乌拉圭公共卫生部(乌拉圭)提供的数据分析了 2010-2020 年期间猫咬伤的通报情况:结果:2010-2020年期间,每年每10万人中有2.1人被猫咬伤。被猫咬伤的频率因受害者性别而异(p < 0.0001),女性(n = 506,66.5%)高于男性(n = 255,33.5%)。被猫咬伤的年龄与受害者的性别有关,男性被咬伤的年龄早于女性(p < 0.0001)。在 30-74 岁年龄组中,女性被猫咬伤的比例高于男性(P < 0.05)。总体而言,猫咬人的发生率在最年长的年龄组(75 岁以上,P < 0.05)中要低得多。被猫咬伤的比例随着季节的变化而变化(p = 0.08),大多数咬伤发生在春季和夏季。2020年和COVID-19大流行前几年的猫咬伤频率相似:在乌拉圭,猫咬伤事件受受害者性别(女性较多)、年龄以及季节的影响。在COVID-19大流行的第一年,猫咬伤率与前几年并无不同。
{"title":"Epidemiology of cat bites to people in Uruguay: Effects of the age and sex of the victim, season of the year, and the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Juan Pablo Damián, Javier Román, Gabriela Willat, Florencia Barrios","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.27","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cat bites to people are an important public health problem. However, very little information exists on the epidemiology of people bitten by cats at the level of an entire country in Latin America. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly influenced people's lives and their relationships with pets, which could potentially affect the frequency of people bitten by cats.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of people bitten by cats in Uruguay (2010 to 2020) according to the sex and age of the victim, season of the year, and to compare the prevalence in the pandemic year (2020) with that of the pre-pandemic years (2010-2019).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study. Cat-bite notifications for the 2010-2020 period were analyzed using data from the Uruguayan Ministry of Public Health (Uruguay).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The annual cat-bite rate for the 2010-2020 period was 2.1 per 100,000 people. The frequency of cat bites varied with the victim´s sex (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), being greater in females (<i>n</i> = 506, 66.5%) than in males (<i>n</i> = 255, 33.5%). The age at being bitten by cats varied with the sex of the victim, with males being bitten at an earlier age than females (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Among the age categories of 30-74 years, females were bitten more than males (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Overall, cat bites were much less frequent in the oldest age categories (over 75 years old, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The percentage of cat bites tended to change with the season of the year (<i>p</i> = 0.08), with most bites occurring in spring and summer. The frequency of cat-bite injuries was similar between 2020 and the pre-COVID-19 pandemic years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Uruguay, cat bite incidents were affected by the victim's sex (more in females) and age, as well as by the season. During the initial year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rate of cat bites was no different from those in earlier years.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":"2392-2397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Therapeutic potential of Tithonia diversifolia extract: Modulating IL-35, TNF-α, and hematology profile in streptozotocin-induced rat model. Tithonia diversifolia 提取物的治疗潜力:在链脲佐菌素诱导的大鼠模型中调节 IL-35、TNF-α 和血液学特征。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.12
Rondius Solfaine, Iwan Sahrial Hamid, Kurnia Desiandura

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health issue with increasing prevalence worldwide.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the potential of Tithonia diversifolia extract (TE) in lowering interleukin-35 (IL-35), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and hematological profile in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rats.

Methods: A total of 24 rats were divided into four treatment groups: control (P0), diabetic induction (P1), diabetic induction + TE (P2), and diabetic induction + quercetin (P3). Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single-dose injection of stz (60 mg/kg). TE treatment was administered orally for 7 days. On the 8th day post-treatment, all animals were euthanized, and blood samples were collected to assess inflammatory parameters, including IL-35, TNF-α, GPx, and hematological profiles. Kidney organs were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin for histopathological analysis. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's test (p < 0.05).

Results: Evaluation of the hematological profile revealed significant improvements in the P2 and P3 groups, with decreased leukocytes, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as significantly lower IL-35 and TNF-α levels observed in diabetic rats following TE treatment.

Conclusion: TE treatment exhibited promising effects in reducing inflammatory markers and restoring hematological parameters in diabetic rats, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent in diabetic rats.

背景:目的:本研究旨在探讨多样性蒺藜提取物(TE)在降低链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导大鼠白细胞介素-35(IL-35)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和血液学特征方面的潜力:将 24 只大鼠分为四个治疗组:对照组(P0)、糖尿病诱导组(P1)、糖尿病诱导 + TE 组(P2)和糖尿病诱导 + 槲皮素组(P3)。通过单剂量注射 stz(60 毫克/千克)诱发糖尿病。口服 TE 治疗 7 天。治疗后第 8 天,对所有动物实施安乐死,并采集血液样本以评估炎症参数,包括 IL-35、TNF-α、GPx 和血液学特征。将肾脏器官固定在 10% 的缓冲中性福尔马林中进行组织病理学分析。采用方差分析和邓肯检验对数据进行分析(P < 0.05):结果:对血液学特征的评估显示,P2 组和 P3 组糖尿病大鼠的血液学特征明显改善,白细胞、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞减少,IL-35 和 TNF-α 水平明显降低:结论:TE 治疗在降低糖尿病大鼠的炎症指标和恢复血液学参数方面表现出良好的效果,表明其具有作为糖尿病大鼠治疗药物的潜力。
{"title":"Therapeutic potential of <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> extract: Modulating IL-35, TNF-α, and hematology profile in streptozotocin-induced rat model.","authors":"Rondius Solfaine, Iwan Sahrial Hamid, Kurnia Desiandura","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.12","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health issue with increasing prevalence <i>worldwide.</i></p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to investigate the potential of <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> extract (TE) in lowering interleukin-35 (IL-35), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and hematological profile in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 24 rats were divided into four treatment groups: control (P0), diabetic induction (P1), diabetic induction + TE (P2), and diabetic induction + quercetin (P3). Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single-dose injection of stz (60 mg/kg). TE treatment was administered orally for 7 days. On the 8th day post-treatment, all animals were euthanized, and blood samples were collected to assess inflammatory parameters, including IL-35, TNF-α, GPx, and hematological profiles. Kidney organs were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin for histopathological analysis. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's test (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evaluation of the hematological profile revealed significant improvements in the P2 and P3 groups, with decreased leukocytes, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as significantly lower IL-35 and TNF-α levels observed in diabetic rats following TE treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TE treatment exhibited promising effects in reducing inflammatory markers and restoring hematological parameters in diabetic rats, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent in diabetic rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":"2250-2255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Meta-analysis of the efficacy of camel milk consumption for improving autism symptoms in children in randomized clinical trials. 随机临床试验中饮用骆驼奶对改善儿童自闭症症状疗效的元分析。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.33
Mahmoud Kandeel, Mohamed A Morsy, Khalid M Al Khodair, Sameer Alhojaily

Background: Camel milk has emerged as a potential complementary therapy for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Aim: This study aimed to gather evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of camel milk consumption in improving symptoms and associated measures in children with ASD.

Methods: Comprehensive searches of multiple databases were conducted up to March 14, 2024, for RCTs that evaluated whether camel milk consumption by children with ASD was more beneficial than the consumption of a control substance. Quality and bias analyses and meta-anlaysis data were synthesized and analyzed.

Results: Of 136 records identified, 5 RCTs (n = 299 children) were selected. The mean difference in scores on the childhood autism rating scale (CARS) for the group given camel milk and the control groups was a mean deviation (MD) ‒0.75, 95% CI‒1.97 to 0.47, p = 0.23. The mean difference in CARS scores in the subgroup analyses for raw camel milk was MD‒0.95, 95% CI‒2.33 to 0.44, p = 0.18 and boiled camel milk MD ‒0.50, 95% CI‒1.93 to 0.93, p = 0.49. A qualitative synthesis found that raw camel milk intake led to improvements in various social behaviors in children with ASD. Camel milk consumption resulted in increased levels of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory biomarkers, with some differences observed between patients given raw camel milk and boiled camel milk.

Conclusion: Camel milk shows promise in improving social behaviors and certain biochemical markers in children with ASD, although the current meta-analysis did not document a significant statistical difference in CARS scores for the children studied. Future studies should focus on rigorous RCTs and larger sample sizes to substantiate these preliminary findings.

背景:骆驼奶已成为治疗自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的潜在辅助疗法:目的:本研究旨在从随机对照试验(RCTs)中收集有关饮用骆驼奶对改善自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童症状和相关措施的有效性的证据:截至 2024 年 3 月 14 日,我们对多个数据库进行了全面检索,以了解评估 ASD 儿童饮用骆驼奶是否比饮用对照物质更有益的 RCT。对质量和偏倚分析以及元分析数据进行了综合分析:结果:在已确定的 136 份记录中,选取了 5 项 RCT(n = 299 名儿童)。服用骆驼奶组与对照组在儿童自闭症评分量表(CARS)上的平均分差异为平均偏差(MD)-0.75,95% CI-1.97 至 0.47,P = 0.23。在亚组分析中,生骆驼奶的 CARS 评分平均差为 MD-0.95,95% CI-2.33 至 0.44,p = 0.18;煮沸骆驼奶的平均差为 MD-0.50,95% CI-1.93 至 0.93,p = 0.49。一项定性综合研究发现,饮用生骆驼奶可改善 ASD 儿童的各种社交行为。饮用骆驼奶可提高抗炎、抗氧化和免疫调节生物标志物的水平,在饮用生骆驼奶和饮用煮沸骆驼奶的患者之间观察到一些差异:骆驼奶有望改善 ASD 儿童的社交行为和某些生化标志物,尽管目前的荟萃分析并未记录所研究儿童的 CARS 评分有显著的统计学差异。未来的研究应侧重于严格的 RCT 和更大的样本量,以证实这些初步发现。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus (AOAV-1) obtained from Western region of Libya. 从利比亚西部地区获得的新城疫病毒(AOAV-1)的分子特征。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.34
Abdulwahab Kammon, Elhadi Rammah, Abdulhamid Giweli, Isabella Monne

Background: Since its discovery in 1926, Newcastle disease (ND) is still emerging in many avian species worldwide causing severe economic losses due to high mortality.

Aim: This article aims to discuss the challenge of virulent ND in poultry in Libya, focusing on recent outbreaks investigated in Alzintan, Alrayaina, Nalut, and Surman, cities located in the western region of Libya.

Methods: Clinical signs and lesions were recorded. Tissues, as well as tracheal and cloacal swabs, were collected. RNA extraction was performed for confirmation using PCR and sequencing.

Results: Mortality, in general, reached 50%-100% in vaccinated flocks with respiratory distress, diarrhea, swelling of the face, and nasal discharges. Necropsy revealed severe hemorrhages in the proventriculus, necrosis, and hemorrhages in the intestine and cecal tonsils. All tested samples were positive for avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1) using rRT-PCR and genetic analysis. The sequences obtained are referable to AOAV-1, which is the same strain in all tested samples. The amino acid sequences deduced from the cleavage site of the F protein are referable to a velogenic strain of AOAV-1 belonging to genotype VII.2. The detected strains in the current study revealed 86%-91% identity with European isolates identified between 2020 and 2022 and isolates from Asia and Africa and 97% identity to the previous isolated Libyan strains in 2013 and 2016. It is slightly different by the presence of amino acid lycine at position 111 on the cleavage site of the F0 gene as compared to previous Libyan strains in which arginine was found in the same position. The nucleotide sequence at this position changed from (aga) in AOAV-1 strains of years 2013 and 2016 to (aag) of the year 2023.

Conclusion: ND remains a significant threat to the poultry industry in Libya. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct an epidemiological study with a representative number of samples from all regions of the country, alongside the implementation of an inactivated vaccine targeting genotype VII.

背景:目的:本文旨在讨论利比亚家禽新城疫所面临的挑战,重点是最近在利比亚西部地区城市 Alzintan、Alrayaina、Nalut 和 Surman 爆发的疫情:方法:记录临床症状和病变。收集组织以及气管和泄殖腔拭子。提取 RNA,通过 PCR 和测序进行确认:结果:接种疫苗的鸡群死亡率一般在 50%-100%,并伴有呼吸困难、腹泻、面部肿胀和鼻腔分泌物。尸体解剖发现胃窦严重出血、坏死,肠道和盲肠扁桃体出血。通过 rRT-PCR 和基因分析,所有检测样本均对禽类正粘病毒 1(AOAV-1)呈阳性反应。所获得的序列与所有检测样本中的 AOAV-1 株系相同。从 F 蛋白的裂解位点推导出的氨基酸序列可参照属于基因型 VII.2 的 AOAV-1 株系。本研究中检测到的菌株与 2020 年至 2022 年间发现的欧洲分离株以及来自亚洲和非洲的分离株有 86%-91% 的相同性,与之前在 2013 年和 2016 年分离到的利比亚菌株有 97% 的相同性。与以前的利比亚菌株相比,该菌株略有不同,因为在 F0 基因裂解位点的第 111 位出现了氨基酸番荔枝碱,而以前的利比亚菌株则在同一位置发现了精氨酸。该位置的核苷酸序列从 2013 年和 2016 年 AOAV-1 株系中的 (aga) 变为 2023 年的 (aag):ND 仍是利比亚家禽业的一个重大威胁。因此,在实施针对基因型 VII 的灭活疫苗的同时,迫切需要对全国所有地区具有代表性的样本进行流行病学研究。
{"title":"Molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus (AOAV-1) obtained from Western region of Libya.","authors":"Abdulwahab Kammon, Elhadi Rammah, Abdulhamid Giweli, Isabella Monne","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.34","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since its discovery in 1926, Newcastle disease (ND) is still emerging in many avian species worldwide causing severe economic losses due to high mortality.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This article aims to discuss the challenge of virulent ND in poultry in Libya, focusing on recent outbreaks investigated in Alzintan, Alrayaina, Nalut, and Surman, cities located in the western region of Libya.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical signs and lesions were recorded. Tissues, as well as tracheal and cloacal swabs, were collected. RNA extraction was performed for confirmation using PCR and sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mortality, in general, reached 50%-100% in vaccinated flocks with respiratory distress, diarrhea, swelling of the face, and nasal discharges. Necropsy revealed severe hemorrhages in the proventriculus, necrosis, and hemorrhages in the intestine and cecal tonsils. All tested samples were positive for avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1) using rRT-PCR and genetic analysis. The sequences obtained are referable to AOAV-1, which is the same strain in all tested samples. The amino acid sequences deduced from the cleavage site of the <i>F</i> protein are referable to a velogenic strain of AOAV-1 belonging to genotype VII.2. The detected strains in the current study revealed 86%-91% identity with European isolates identified between 2020 and 2022 and isolates from Asia and Africa and 97% identity to the previous isolated Libyan strains in 2013 and 2016. It is slightly different by the presence of amino acid lycine at position 111 on the cleavage site of the F0 gene as compared to previous Libyan strains in which arginine was found in the same position. The nucleotide sequence at this position changed from (aga) in AOAV-1 strains of years 2013 and 2016 to (aag) of the year 2023.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ND remains a significant threat to the poultry industry in Libya. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct an epidemiological study with a representative number of samples from all regions of the country, alongside the implementation of an inactivated vaccine targeting genotype VII.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":"2453-2462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hematological profile of free-range Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica). 散养巽他豪猪(Hystrix javanica)的血液学特征。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.30
Yuda Heru Fibrianto, Arinda Devi Larasati, Teguh Budipitojo, Woro Danur Wendo

Background: The Sunda porcupine, or the Javan porcupine (Hystrix javanica), is a rodent native to Indonesia. Although information about its conservation status is available, the hematological profile is limited. The normal hematological profile of an animal is essential as a basic health indicator to determine the initial state of a pathological process of a disease. Since the hematological profile can provide significant evidence regarding the health status of the species, the Sunda Porcupine's hematological profile can benefit conservation initiatives. Therefore, hematological evaluation of these porcupines can play a role in conservation initiatives, breeding strategies, and the prevention of zoonotic diseases.

Aim: This research revealed the routine blood evaluation and white blood cell (WBC) morphological features of the free-ranging Sunda porcupine (H. javanica).

Methods: Blood samples from four free-range individuals captured Sunda porcupine (H. javanica) were obtained intracardially for routine hematological evaluation and WBC staining for morphological identification. The profiles were then analyzed descriptively.

Results: Hematology profile averages were generally 4.04 × 106/Ul for RBC; Hemoglobin was in 12.83 g/dl; Hematocrit by 37.8%; MCV 107.1 fl; MCH 31.80 pg; MCHC 31.23 g/dl; while WBC and platelet (PLT) were at 9.67 × 103/μl and 503.00 × 103/μl, respectively.

Conclusion: The morphology of red blood cells, WBCs, and the hematological profile of the Javan hedgehog is not much different from that of other mammals such as crested porcupines, ferrets, and guinea pigs. Until now, there has been limited research on the hematology of Sunda porcupines, which has led to a limited understanding of their health status. We anticipate that the findings of this study will serve as a diagnostic instrument for evaluating the health condition of Sunda porcupine and serve as a benchmark.

背景介绍巽他豪猪或爪哇豪猪(Hystrix javanica)是一种原产于印度尼西亚的啮齿动物。虽然有关于其保护状况的信息,但有关其血液学特征的信息却很有限。动物的正常血液学特征是确定疾病病理过程初始状态的基本健康指标。由于血液学特征可为物种的健康状况提供重要证据,巽他豪猪的血液学特征可为保护措施带来益处。因此,对这些豪猪进行血液学评估可在保护措施、繁殖策略和预防人畜共患病方面发挥作用。目的:本研究揭示了散养巽他豪猪(H. javanica)的血常规评估和白细胞形态特征:方法:从捕获的四只散养巽他豪猪(H. javanica)个体心内采集血液样本,进行常规血液学评估和白细胞染色形态鉴定。然后对结果进行描述性分析:结果:血液学特征平均值为:红细胞 4.04 × 106/Ul;血红蛋白 12.83 g/dl;血细胞比容 37.8%;MCV 107.1 fl;MCH 31.80 pg;MCHC 31.23 g/dl;白细胞和血小板(PLT)分别为 9.67 × 103/μl 和 503.00 × 103/μl:结论:爪哇刺猬的红细胞、白细胞形态和血液学特征与其他哺乳动物(如冠豪猪、雪貂和豚鼠)没有太大区别。到目前为止,对巽他豪猪血液学的研究还很有限,因此对其健康状况的了解也很有限。我们预计,这项研究的结果将成为评估巽他豪猪健康状况的诊断工具和基准。
{"title":"Hematological profile of free-range Sunda porcupine (<i>Hystrix javanica</i>).","authors":"Yuda Heru Fibrianto, Arinda Devi Larasati, Teguh Budipitojo, Woro Danur Wendo","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.30","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Sunda porcupine, or the Javan porcupine <i>(Hystrix javanica</i>), is a rodent native to Indonesia. Although information about its conservation status is available, the hematological profile is limited. The normal hematological profile of an animal is essential as a basic health indicator to determine the initial state of a pathological process of a disease. Since the hematological profile can provide significant evidence regarding the health status of the species, the Sunda Porcupine's hematological profile can benefit conservation initiatives. Therefore, hematological evaluation of these porcupines can play a role in conservation initiatives, breeding strategies, and the prevention of zoonotic diseases.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This research revealed the routine blood evaluation and white blood cell (WBC) morphological features of the free-ranging Sunda porcupine (<i>H. javanica</i>).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples from four free-range individuals captured Sunda porcupine (<i>H. javanica</i>) were obtained intracardially for routine hematological evaluation and WBC staining for morphological identification. The profiles were then analyzed descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hematology profile averages were generally 4.04 × 10<sup>6</sup>/Ul for RBC; Hemoglobin was in 12.83 g/dl; Hematocrit by 37.8%; MCV 107.1 fl; MCH 31.80 pg; MCHC 31.23 g/dl; while WBC and platelet (PLT) were at 9.67 × 10<sup>3</sup>/μl and 503.00 × 10<sup>3</sup>/μl, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The morphology of red blood cells, WBCs, and the hematological profile of the Javan hedgehog is not much different from that of other mammals such as crested porcupines, ferrets, and guinea pigs. Until now, there has been limited research on the hematology of Sunda porcupines, which has led to a limited understanding of their health status. We anticipate that the findings of this study will serve as a diagnostic instrument for evaluating the health condition of Sunda porcupine and serve as a benchmark.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":"2415-2420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Selective protease inhibitors from secondary metabolites of Philippine medicinal plants against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: A computational veterinary drug discovery approach. 菲律宾药用植物次生代谢物对猪流行性腹泻病毒的选择性蛋白酶抑制剂:计算兽药发现方法。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.8
John Christian C de Guzman, Albert Neil G Dulay, Fredmoore L Orosco

Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a recurring coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea in pigs with high mortality and morbidity rates, especially in neonatal pigs. Despite the availability of vaccines, their efficacy is limited owing to antigenic differences between the vaccine and field strains, which poses a challenge to infection control. Antiviral drugs targeting conserved PEDV proteins show promise for complementing vaccination strategies. PEDV Nsp3 (PL2Pro) and Nsp5 (3CLPro) are essential proteases vital for viral replication, making them attractive targets for drug development against PEDV.

Aim: To address the lack of therapeutics against recurring PEDV outbreaks and bridge the gap in the application of bioinformatics in veterinary drug discovery, this study aimed to discover compounds that inhibit PEDV proteases from Philippine medicinal plants by applying a modified virtual screening methodology that considers the physiology of swine hosts.

Methods: This study employed a library of 690 metabolites from Philippine medicinal plants to screen for potential protease inhibitors targeting PEDV PL2Pro and 3CLPro. This includes evaluating the binding affinity, pharmacokinetics, dynamic stability, and critical binding site residues. Compounds demonstrating high affinity underwent a modified ADMET analysis, considering the enteric localization of the virus and potential toxicity to swine hosts. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations assessed compound stability under physiological swine conditions.

Results: The study identified Bisandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata, CID 162866964 from Euphorbia neriifolia, and betulinic acid from Vitex negundo and Ocimum basilicum as metabolites that bind favorably and selectively to PEDV 3CLPro and have excellent pharmacokinetic properties and dynamic stability. In contrast, no selective inhibitor for PL2pro passed the same criteria.

Conclusion: Employing the modified virtual screening protocol tailored for swine host considerations, the compounds identified in this study are anticipated to exert inhibitory effects against PEDV without off-target binding to analogous swine proteases and receptors. CID 162866964, bisandrographolide, and betulinic acid show promise for developing potent antivirals against PEDV.

背景:猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)是一种反复发作的冠状病毒,会导致猪严重腹泻,死亡率和发病率都很高,尤其是新生猪。尽管有疫苗可用,但由于疫苗和野外毒株之间的抗原差异,疫苗的效力有限,这给感染控制带来了挑战。针对保守的 PEDV 蛋白的抗病毒药物有望补充疫苗接种策略。PEDV的Nsp3 (PL2Pro)和Nsp5 (3CLPro)是对病毒复制至关重要的蛋白酶,使它们成为抗PEDV药物开发的有吸引力的靶标。目的:为了解决PEDV反复爆发缺乏治疗药物的问题,并弥补生物信息学在兽药发现中应用的不足,本研究旨在通过应用一种考虑到猪宿主生理机能的改良虚拟筛选方法,从菲律宾药用植物中发现抑制PEDV蛋白酶的化合物:本研究采用了一个包含 690 种菲律宾药用植物代谢物的文库,以筛选针对 PEDV PL2Pro 和 3CLPro 的潜在蛋白酶抑制剂。这包括评估结合亲和力、药代动力学、动态稳定性和关键结合位点残基。考虑到病毒的肠道定位和对猪宿主的潜在毒性,对表现出高亲和性的化合物进行了修改后的 ADMET 分析。此外,分子动力学模拟还评估了化合物在猪生理条件下的稳定性:研究发现,穿心莲中的双穿心莲内酯(Bisandrographolide)、大戟中的 CID 162866964 以及荆芥和罗勒中的白桦脂酸(betulinic acid)可选择性地与 PEDV 3CLPro 结合,并具有出色的药代动力学特性和动态稳定性。相比之下,没有一种 PL2pro 的选择性抑制剂通过相同的标准:结论:采用为猪宿主量身定制的改良虚拟筛选方案,本研究中发现的化合物有望对 PEDV 发挥抑制作用,而不会与类似的猪蛋白酶和受体发生脱靶结合。CID 162866964、双穿心莲内酯和白桦脂酸有望开发出有效的 PEDV 抗病毒药物。
{"title":"Selective protease inhibitors from secondary metabolites of Philippine medicinal plants against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: A computational veterinary drug discovery approach.","authors":"John Christian C de Guzman, Albert Neil G Dulay, Fredmoore L Orosco","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.8","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a recurring coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea in pigs with high mortality and morbidity rates, especially in neonatal pigs. Despite the availability of vaccines, their efficacy is limited owing to antigenic differences between the vaccine and field strains, which poses a challenge to infection control. Antiviral drugs targeting conserved PEDV proteins show promise for complementing vaccination strategies. PEDV Nsp3 (PL2Pro) and Nsp5 (3CLPro) are essential proteases vital for viral replication, making them attractive targets for drug development against PEDV.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To address the lack of therapeutics against recurring PEDV outbreaks and bridge the gap in the application of bioinformatics in veterinary drug discovery, this study aimed to discover compounds that inhibit PEDV proteases from Philippine medicinal plants by applying a modified virtual screening methodology that considers the physiology of swine hosts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a library of 690 metabolites from Philippine medicinal plants to screen for potential protease inhibitors targeting PEDV PL2Pro and 3CLPro. This includes evaluating the binding affinity, pharmacokinetics, dynamic stability, and critical binding site residues. Compounds demonstrating high affinity underwent a modified ADMET analysis, considering the enteric localization of the virus and potential toxicity to swine hosts. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations assessed compound stability under physiological swine conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study identified Bisandrographolide from <i>Andrographis paniculata</i>, CID 162866964 from <i>Euphorbia neriifolia</i>, and betulinic acid from <i>Vitex negundo</i> and <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> as metabolites that bind favorably and selectively to PEDV 3CLPro and have excellent pharmacokinetic properties and dynamic stability. In contrast, no selective inhibitor for PL2pro passed the same criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Employing the modified virtual screening protocol tailored for swine host considerations, the compounds identified in this study are anticipated to exert inhibitory effects against PEDV without off-target binding to analogous swine proteases and receptors. CID 162866964, bisandrographolide, and betulinic acid show promise for developing potent antivirals against PEDV.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":"2192-2214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phylogenetic analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates of respiratory tract infections in humans and sheep. 人和羊呼吸道感染肺炎克雷伯氏菌分离物的系统发育分析。
IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.21
Khadeeja Sami Madhi, Alyaa Sabti Jasim, Hiba Ali Nasear, Hanaa Khaleel Ibraheim, Hasanain A J Gharban

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important opportunistic pathogen, which is capable of colonizing the respiratory system in both humans and animals causing mild to severe infections.

Aim: This study aims to isolate K. pneumoniae from the nasal discharges of human and sheep as well as identify the antibiotic resistance and molecular phylogeny of local isolates.

Methods: A total of 100; 50 humans and 50 sheep, positive nasal swab isolates were selected, and confirmed biochemically and by the VITEK-2 system. Molecular testing using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and phylogeny was conducted.

Results: On MacConkey agar, Klebsiella isolates appeared as large, pinkish, and mucoid colonies; while microscopically, it appeared as Gram-negative rods. Traditional biochemical tests revealed that 62% and 78% of human and sheep isolates were positive Klebsiella isolates, whereas respectively, 54.84% and 71.8% of these isolates were positive by VITEK-2. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the human isolates were sensitive to aztreonam, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, and cefuroxime. Subsequently, sheep isolates were sensitive to cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ampicillin, cefoxitin, and tetracycline. Targeting 16S rRNA gene, a total of 17 human and 28 sheep isolates were molecularly positive K. pneumoniae. Phylogenetic analysis of study human and sheep isolates showed their identity to NCBI Indian (LC747146.1) and Iraqi (LC711141.1) isolates, respectively. Comparative analysis between the local human and sheep isolates revealed a significant identity that ranged from 99.82% to 99.88% with a percentage of mutation ranging from 0.008% to 0.002%.

Conclusion: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a highly prevalent bacterium in both human and sheep with an observable resistance to antibiotics. Molecular phylogeny of study isolates demonstrated their close relation, suggesting the possible direct or indirect transmission of the bacterium from sheep to human or vice versa. Moreover, studies are greatly important to estimate the routes of bacterial transmission. Also, extensive hygiene practices could be lowered the spreading of K. pnuemoniae to farm workers.

背景:肺炎克雷伯氏菌是一种重要的机会性病原体,可定植于人和动物的呼吸系统,引起轻度至重度感染。目的:本研究旨在从人和羊的鼻腔分泌物中分离肺炎克雷伯氏菌,并鉴定当地分离物的抗生素耐药性和分子系统发育:方法:共选取 100 例(50 例人,50 例羊)阳性鼻拭子分离物,并通过生化和 VITEK-2 系统进行确认。采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和系统进化法进行分子检测:在麦康凯琼脂上,分离出的克雷伯氏菌呈大块、粉红色和粘液状菌落;而在显微镜下,分离出的克雷伯氏菌呈革兰氏阴性杆菌。传统的生化测试显示,62% 和 78% 的人和羊分离物为阳性克雷伯氏菌,而这些分离物中分别有 54.84% 和 71.8% 为 VITEK-2 阳性。抗生素药敏试验显示,人分离菌株对阿曲南菌素、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、环丙沙星和头孢呋辛敏感。随后,羊分离物对头孢呋辛、环丙沙星、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、氨苄西林、头孢西丁和四环素敏感。以 16S rRNA 基因为靶标,共有 17 例人和 28 例羊分离物的肺炎克雷伯菌分子检测结果呈阳性。对研究中的人和羊分离物进行的系统进化分析表明,它们分别与 NCBI 印度分离物(LC747146.1)和伊拉克分离物(LC711141.1)一致。本地人和羊分离物之间的比较分析表明,它们的同一性在 99.82% 到 99.88% 之间,变异百分比在 0.008% 到 0.002% 之间:结论:肺炎克雷伯氏菌是一种在人类和绵羊中高度流行的细菌,对抗生素具有明显的耐药性。研究分离菌株的分子系统发育显示它们之间存在密切关系,这表明该细菌可能直接或间接地从羊传染给人,反之亦然。此外,研究对于估计细菌传播途径也非常重要。此外,广泛的卫生习惯也可减少肺炎双球菌在农场工人中的传播。
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引用次数: 0
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Open Veterinary Journal
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