Oral-prophylaxe最新文献

This work gives a comprehensive overview of the repair and defence capacity of saliva. The separate chapters deal with the production and composition of the mouth fluid, with its chemical characteristics as well as its mechanical, chemical and biological functions. Pointers to the practical uses of the knowledge presented conclude the work.

Within the framework of a gingivitis study the sulcus fluid flow rate (SFFR) at the lower and upper premolars of 9 subjects was determined with the assistance of Periotron 6000. The measurements were conducted at days 0, 7, 14 and 21 with the aim to compare the SFFR after 3 minutes (Löe and Holm-Pedersen 1965, Rüdin et al. 1970) with the measurements of Lamster et al. (1985a, b) at 30 seconds. The increase of the SFFR at 30 seconds, as well as at 3 min was significant on all measurement days, but no proportional dependance of SFFR on the measurement time was seen. On the basis of these results it is justified to restrict the SFFR to 30 seconds, to reliably determine the grade of infection of gingiva.

The question as to which dental care aids airlines offered their passengers to assist their oral hygiene during their flight was to be answered with the assistance of a questionnaire. 56 replies showed large differences existed varying with the different airlines, the flight time and the passenger class. Toothpicks were offered by almost 90% of the companies. Toothbrushes, toothpaste and mouth hygiene sets were distributed more rarely, primarily in the higher passenger classes and on long haul flights. The use of the aids was estimated by 24 companies as frequent, 12 estimated that the distributed aids were rarely used or mainly had a souvenir value.

In the work presented here, the morphological types of the fissure system in permanent human premolars are established, their average depth and width as well as the penetration capacity of fissure in relation to the morphological type of the fissure established (V, U, Y1, Y2). The largest average fissure depth was yielded by the Y2-configuration, the lowest by the V-type. The largest average entrance width was shown by the V-type, the lowest by the Y2-type. A total of 71% of the cases showed a complete filling of the fissure pattern by the sealing matter. All types of V- and U-fissures were totally filled up. With the Y1-type there is a total filling up in 60.7-88.1% of the cases, with the Y1 type in 23.6-57.6% of the cases to be expected. The penetration capacity of the sealer is in a certain correlation to the width of the fissure entrance and the fissure depth.

Total saliva and toothplaque values were investigated with caries active persons during the use of xylital containing chewing gum. 20 caries active individuals (DMFS 54.4) chewed 5 xylitol chewing gums per day over a period of 4 weeks. The most important result was the reduction in lacto-bacilli values. This may have occurred because of the inability of acid forming bacteria to metabolise xylitol.

A well known development of the chronic periodontal disease is reviewed. However, the histological picture of gingiva varies at a much lower speed than its clinical picture, and slower than previously described. In presence of periodontitis there may exist a zone of reversible disease of about 2 mm, which gives the possibility of obtaining a re-attachment of unknown magnitude. A new connective tissue attachment (on top of the re-attachment) seems only possible if the periodontal ligament cells are allowed to proliferate coronally.

Caries and gingivitis are plaque-induced diseases. There is no doubt a correlation between the degree of oral cleanliness and the incidence of caries and gingivitis in school children and adults. Scientific information on such a correlation in pre-school children four and five years of age, however, is only scarce. Therefore, 345 children of this age group were examined and scored for plaque, gingivitis as well as toothloss, caries and fillings. There was clearly a correlation between the degree of oral hygiene and caries and gingivitis. Children of the five-year age group were more severely involved than the four-year olds. Dental examinations of pre-school children are, according to our experience, mainly concerned with recording dental caries and toothloss. Too little emphasis is usually paid to oral hygiene status and the presence of gingivitis. The data of our study suggest that by positively influencing the oral hygiene habits of young children, not only the incidence of tooth decay can be reduced but, at the same time, the appearance of gingival inflammation can largely be prevented. This may have a positive effect on the incidence of periodontal disease during later periods of life.

In 28 children and adolescents, age 4-17, the numbers of decayed tooth surfaces, filled surfaces and the extent of plaque coverage measured with a plaque scoring index were recorded as clinically assessible caries risk factors. Subsequently paraffin stimulated saliva samples were taken from the same subjects and evaluated microbiologically for their content of caries related microorganisms (S. mutans, lactobacilli). Statistical analysis of correlation revealed only weak, mostly not significant correlations between clinical and microbiological findings. The results are discussed.

669 school beginners and 739 fourth-year pupils in Göttingen were examined for caries prevalence and dental hygienic measures. 28% of first-year pupils examined had naturally healthy primary teeth; the average DFS was 6.8. Only 12% of the carious primary tooth surfaces had intact fillings. Carious defects in permanent teeth were restricted to sixth-year molars. Among the fourth-year pupils 26.8% had no caries on their permanent teeth; the average DMFS was 3.9. In this age group 60% of the carious tooth surfaces had been treated and the M components observed were minimal. A total of only 16 sixth-year molars were missing because of caries in all the children examined. A comparison of prevalence rates among different schools revealed considerable differences: Average DMFS values at the various schools ranged from 2.0 to 5.5.