This article introduces the study of peripheral clamping for large-aperture laser mirrors in high power laser facilities. Some multi-point clamping schemes were experimentally tested, the results of the experiments show that these schemes cannot meet the technical requirements, and in the simulation analysis, we explain the reason for this phenomenon. It is concluded that the additional bending moment caused by the non-ideal process factors in the multi-point clamping is the main cause for the surface distortion. Based on the above conclusions, we carried out research on minor-point clamping. Experimental verification of the minor-point clamping were done, the results show that the minor-point clamping can meet the requirements of technical indicators in whole process. This work can provide a reference for the design of the large-aperture transport mirror clamping structure, which may be used in huge laser devices and telescopes.
{"title":"Research on peripheral clamping of large-aperture laser transport mirror","authors":"TingFen Cao, Bowu Liu, Hui Wang, Wei Ni, Jinli Zhang, Xiaojuan Chen, YinGang Li, Hai Zhou, Xiaodong Jiang, Dongxia Hu, Qihua Zhu","doi":"10.37190/oa230205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230205","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces the study of peripheral clamping for large-aperture laser mirrors in high power laser facilities. Some multi-point clamping schemes were experimentally tested, the results of the experiments show that these schemes cannot meet the technical requirements, and in the simulation analysis, we explain the reason for this phenomenon. It is concluded that the additional bending moment caused by the non-ideal process factors in the multi-point clamping is the main cause for the surface distortion. Based on the above conclusions, we carried out research on minor-point clamping. Experimental verification of the minor-point clamping were done, the results show that the minor-point clamping can meet the requirements of technical indicators in whole process. This work can provide a reference for the design of the large-aperture transport mirror clamping structure, which may be used in huge laser devices and telescopes.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70019399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the performances of a wavelength interrogation-based optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor for hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is investigated by theoretical simulation. The proposed configuration incorporates optical fiber, 70 nm silver, 18 nm barium titanate (BaTiO3), and 2 nm zinc oxide. Simulation results show the sensor exhibits refractive index sensitivity of 4023 nm/RIU and concentration sensitivity of 10.0873 nm/(g·dL), along with Hb concentration varying from 0 to 14 g/dL. This paper especially focuses on the influence of BaTiO3 on the performances of the proposed sensor with light wavelength ranging from 350 to 1000 nm. Comparison analysis indicates sandwiching 18 nm BaTiO3 between sensing layers not only enhances the concentration sensitivity by 30.14% but also decreases the nonlinear error of the sensor from 0.68% to 0.63%. For a wavelength accuracy of 0.1 nm, the proposed sensor can provide a resolution of 0.0099 g/dL for Hb concentration detection.
{"title":"Sensitivity enhancement of a wavelength interrogation-based optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor for hemoglobin concentration using barium titanate","authors":"Zhen-Jiang Shi, Shi-Liang Guo, Xin Li, Zhi-Quan Li, Shu-Han Meng, Chong-Zhen Li","doi":"10.37190/oa230201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230201","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the performances of a wavelength interrogation-based optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor for hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is investigated by theoretical simulation. The proposed configuration incorporates optical fiber, 70 nm silver, 18 nm barium titanate (BaTiO3), and 2 nm zinc oxide. Simulation results show the sensor exhibits refractive index sensitivity of 4023 nm/RIU and concentration sensitivity of 10.0873 nm/(g·dL), along with Hb concentration varying from 0 to 14 g/dL. This paper especially focuses on the influence of BaTiO3 on the performances of the proposed sensor with light wavelength ranging from 350 to 1000 nm. Comparison analysis indicates sandwiching 18 nm BaTiO3 between sensing layers not only enhances the concentration sensitivity by 30.14% but also decreases the nonlinear error of the sensor from 0.68% to 0.63%. For a wavelength accuracy of 0.1 nm, the proposed sensor can provide a resolution of 0.0099 g/dL for Hb concentration detection.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70019546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we design a parallel-twin convolutional neural network (PT-CNN) deep learning model and use the signal constellation diagram to realize the identification of six advanced optical modulation formats (QPSK, 4QAM, 8PSK, 8QAM, 16PSK, 16QAM) and signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) estimation. The influence of PT-CNN with different layers and kernel sizes is investigated and the optimal network model is chosen. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has the advantages of not requiring manual feature extraction, having the ability to clearly distinguish the six modulation formats with 100% accuracy when SNR of the received signal sequences is higher than 12 dB. In addition, the high-accurate SNR estimation is realized simultaneously without increasing additional system complexity.
{"title":"Identification of advanced optical modulation formatand estimation of signal-to-noise-ratio based on parallel-twin convolutional neural network","authors":"Xiaowei Dong, Zhihui Yu","doi":"10.37190/oa230209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230209","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we design a parallel-twin convolutional neural network (PT-CNN) deep learning model and use the signal constellation diagram to realize the identification of six advanced optical modulation formats (QPSK, 4QAM, 8PSK, 8QAM, 16PSK, 16QAM) and signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) estimation. The influence of PT-CNN with different layers and kernel sizes is investigated and the optimal network model is chosen. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has the advantages of not requiring manual feature extraction, having the ability to clearly distinguish the six modulation formats with 100% accuracy when SNR of the received signal sequences is higher than 12 dB. In addition, the high-accurate SNR estimation is realized simultaneously without increasing additional system complexity.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70020022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A displacement sensor based on polarization-maintaining fiber has been proposed and proved in experiment. The polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) is sandwiched with two graded-index multimode fibers (GI MMF), which form the Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor. Graded-index multimode fiber serve as an optical coupler for modes conversion. The results show that with the increase of displacement, the spectrum moves to the long wavelength direction, but when temperature increases, the spectrum has a red shift, which means that the displacement and temperature can be measured separately according to the wavelength drift direction. The sensor consists of 4 mm GI MMF and 14 mm PMF, which can exhibit the displacement sensitivity of –9.275 pm/μm in the range of 0–600 μm. In addition, temperature will also affect the sensitivity of displacement measurement, so the sensitivity of the sensor to temperature is also measured. The results show that the selected monitoring dip provides a better temperature sensitivity of 33.605 pm/℃ in the range of 35–75℃. The sensor is easy to fabricate and does not has any functional coating, which make it become a good candidate in the industrial field.
提出了一种基于保偏光纤的位移传感器，并进行了实验验证。将保偏光纤(PMF)与两根梯度折射率多模光纤(GI MMF)夹在一起，构成马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)传感器。梯度折射率多模光纤是一种用于模式转换的光耦合器。结果表明，随着位移的增加，光谱向长波方向移动，但当温度升高时，光谱发生红移，这意味着位移和温度可以根据波长漂移方向分别测量。该传感器由4 mm GI MMF和14 mm PMF组成，在0 ~ 600 μm范围内具有-9.275 pm/μm的位移灵敏度。另外，温度也会影响位移测量的灵敏度，所以也要测量传感器对温度的灵敏度。结果表明，所选监测倾角在35 ~ 75℃范围内具有较好的温度灵敏度，为33.605 pm/℃。该传感器易于制造，且不需要任何功能涂层，使其成为工业领域的一个很好的候选者。
{"title":"In-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on polarization-maintaining fiber for displacement and temperature sensing","authors":"Jun-ni Cheng, Xiao-yan Jiang","doi":"10.37190/oa230102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230102","url":null,"abstract":"A displacement sensor based on polarization-maintaining fiber has been proposed and proved in experiment. The polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) is sandwiched with two graded-index multimode fibers (GI MMF), which form the Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor. Graded-index multimode fiber serve as an optical coupler for modes conversion. The results show that with the increase of displacement, the spectrum moves to the long wavelength direction, but when temperature increases, the spectrum has a red shift, which means that the displacement and temperature can be measured separately according to the wavelength drift direction. The sensor consists of 4 mm GI MMF and 14 mm PMF, which can exhibit the displacement sensitivity of –9.275 pm/μm in the range of 0–600 μm. In addition, temperature will also affect the sensitivity of displacement measurement, so the sensitivity of the sensor to temperature is also measured. The results show that the selected monitoring dip provides a better temperature sensitivity of 33.605 pm/℃ in the range of 35–75℃. The sensor is easy to fabricate and does not has any functional coating, which make it become a good candidate in the industrial field.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70017777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanling Chen, Lianglun Cheng, Heng Wu, Ziyang Chen, Feng Li
We propose a high-quality infrared and visible image fusion method based on a deep wavelet-dense network (WT-DenseNet). The WT-DenseNet includes three network layers, the hybrid feature extraction layer, fusion layer, and image reconstruction layer. The hybrid feature extraction layer is composed of a wavelet and dense network. The wavelet network decomposes the feature map of the visible and infrared images into low-frequency and high-frequency components, respectively. The dense network extracts the salient features. A fusion layer is designed to integrate low-frequency and salient features. Finally, the fusion images are outputted by an image reconstruction layer. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can realize high-quality infrared and visible image fusions, and the performance of the proposed method is better than that of the six recently published fusion methods in terms of contrast and detail performance.
{"title":"Infrared and visible image fusion with deep wavelet-dense network","authors":"Yanling Chen, Lianglun Cheng, Heng Wu, Ziyang Chen, Feng Li","doi":"10.37190/oa230104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230104","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a high-quality infrared and visible image fusion method based on a deep wavelet-dense network (WT-DenseNet). The WT-DenseNet includes three network layers, the hybrid feature extraction layer, fusion layer, and image reconstruction layer. The hybrid feature extraction layer is composed of a wavelet and dense network. The wavelet network decomposes the feature map of the visible and infrared images into low-frequency and high-frequency components, respectively. The dense network extracts the salient features. A fusion layer is designed to integrate low-frequency and salient features. Finally, the fusion images are outputted by an image reconstruction layer. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can realize high-quality infrared and visible image fusions, and the performance of the proposed method is better than that of the six recently published fusion methods in terms of contrast and detail performance.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70017904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chenyuan Yuan, Caifu Yuan, Sufen Xiang, Xiaoling Ji, Tao Wang
In order to control the distribution characteristics of the far-field ring-shaped array, we introduce a new light source to produce adjustable far-field distribution by the method of weight function superposition. It has been shown that, by changing the parameters of the light source, one can obtain far-field with various distribution, including distribution with decrease in spectral intensity of specified rings, distribution with disappearances of specified rings, distribution with different spectral intensity of part of lobes in the continuous rings, distribution with part of the lobes in specified rings disappearing and distribution with some lobes in specified rings being stronger. These results will produce some novel far-field distributions which may provide a new idea for further study concerning about the manipulations of far-field array distribution.
{"title":"Manipulating far-field ring-shaped array according to the superposition of weight functions","authors":"Chenyuan Yuan, Caifu Yuan, Sufen Xiang, Xiaoling Ji, Tao Wang","doi":"10.37190/oa230106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230106","url":null,"abstract":"In order to control the distribution characteristics of the far-field ring-shaped array, we introduce a new light source to produce adjustable far-field distribution by the method of weight function superposition. It has been shown that, by changing the parameters of the light source, one can obtain far-field with various distribution, including distribution with decrease in spectral intensity of specified rings, distribution with disappearances of specified rings, distribution with different spectral intensity of part of lobes in the continuous rings, distribution with part of the lobes in specified rings disappearing and distribution with some lobes in specified rings being stronger. These results will produce some novel far-field distributions which may provide a new idea for further study concerning about the manipulations of far-field array distribution.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70018300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid development of digital products brings security issues. Digital watermarking technology is an important means to handle these problems. To enhance the imperceptibility of watermark and locate the possible tampering as well, a digital watermarking scheme based on curvelet transform is presented by combining with multiple chaotic maps. The host image is decomposed into three parts, i.e., coarse layer, detail layer and fine layer, with curvelet transform, and a robust watermark is embedded into the coarse layer for copyright protection of digital products. In addition, an authentication watermark is embedded into the fine layer to detect and locate the illegal changes. Simulation results show that the proposed digital watermarking scheme possesses acceptable robustness and security.
{"title":"Digital watermarking scheme based on curvelet transform and multiple chaotic maps","authors":"Yi Xiao, Ya-Chen Xu, Nan-Run Zhou, Zhen-Rong Lin","doi":"10.37190/oa230210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230210","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of digital products brings security issues. Digital watermarking technology is an important means to handle these problems. To enhance the imperceptibility of watermark and locate the possible tampering as well, a digital watermarking scheme based on curvelet transform is presented by combining with multiple chaotic maps. The host image is decomposed into three parts, i.e., coarse layer, detail layer and fine layer, with curvelet transform, and a robust watermark is embedded into the coarse layer for copyright protection of digital products. In addition, an authentication watermark is embedded into the fine layer to detect and locate the illegal changes. Simulation results show that the proposed digital watermarking scheme possesses acceptable robustness and security.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70020103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study a new class of partially coherent array beams with a non-uniform polarization, named radially polarized Gaussian Schell-model array (RPGSMA) beams and analyze the reliability conditions for the array beams based on the unified theory of coherence and polarization, Moreover, the statistical properties of such beam propagating in free space are investigated in detail. It is found that, the propagation properties of the RPGSMA beams are closely related to initial beam parameters. With an appropriate choice of the beam parameters, the average intensity will evolve into optical lattice patterns, and the degree of coherence (DOC) from the lattice distribution on the original plane evolves into a Gaussian profile in the far field, and the degree of polarization (DOP) appears a periodical grid-like distribution on propagation. These results may be beneficial to particle trapping and free-space optical communications.
{"title":"Propagation properties of partially coherent array beams with a non-uniform polarization","authors":"Xianyang Yang, Wenyu Fu","doi":"10.37190/oa230211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230211","url":null,"abstract":"We study a new class of partially coherent array beams with a non-uniform polarization, named radially polarized Gaussian Schell-model array (RPGSMA) beams and analyze the reliability conditions for the array beams based on the unified theory of coherence and polarization, Moreover, the statistical properties of such beam propagating in free space are investigated in detail. It is found that, the propagation properties of the RPGSMA beams are closely related to initial beam parameters. With an appropriate choice of the beam parameters, the average intensity will evolve into optical lattice patterns, and the degree of coherence (DOC) from the lattice distribution on the original plane evolves into a Gaussian profile in the far field, and the degree of polarization (DOP) appears a periodical grid-like distribution on propagation. These results may be beneficial to particle trapping and free-space optical communications.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70020118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Zhihui Li, None Bin Gao, None Xiaoou Pan, None Linlin Li, None Chenxuan Wang, None Weizhuo Zuo, None Yu Ji, None Shutian Liu, None Zhengjun Liu
A novel optical image encryption is proposed based on multiplexing of the random phase encoding with shift and rotation operations in domains of two transforms, extended fractional Fourier transform (eFrFT) and Fresnel transform. The original image is subjected to eFrFT with the action of the random phase mask. The mask is shifted and rotated to enhance the security of this encryption method. The image obtained from eFrFT is entered into Fresnel diffraction by the use of the phase mask to obtain the final encrypted image. We plan for the phase keys to be multiplexed in order to decrease the amount of keys that need to be stored in an application. Here, the displacement, rotation angle, and wavelength in this system can be used as additional keys to improve the security and reliability of the encryption system. Numerical experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness and security of the method. The findings demonstrate that the keys are sufficiently sensitive for high security.
{"title":"High-security image encryption by multiplexing phase encoding in domains of dual optical transforms","authors":"None Zhihui Li, None Bin Gao, None Xiaoou Pan, None Linlin Li, None Chenxuan Wang, None Weizhuo Zuo, None Yu Ji, None Shutian Liu, None Zhengjun Liu","doi":"10.37190/oa230309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230309","url":null,"abstract":"A novel optical image encryption is proposed based on multiplexing of the random phase encoding with shift and rotation operations in domains of two transforms, extended fractional Fourier transform (eFrFT) and Fresnel transform. The original image is subjected to eFrFT with the action of the random phase mask. The mask is shifted and rotated to enhance the security of this encryption method. The image obtained from eFrFT is entered into Fresnel diffraction by the use of the phase mask to obtain the final encrypted image. We plan for the phase keys to be multiplexed in order to decrease the amount of keys that need to be stored in an application. Here, the displacement, rotation angle, and wavelength in this system can be used as additional keys to improve the security and reliability of the encryption system. Numerical experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness and security of the method. The findings demonstrate that the keys are sufficiently sensitive for high security.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135914270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadi Gholamzadeh, R. Hosseini, H. Veladi, H. Rahimi
We have started a new research project on a hybrid power generation system consisting of piezoelectric, thermoelectric and solar cell modules. In the first step, we have focused on the antireflection coating based on zinc oxide (ZnO) and metal nanolayers incorporated in solar cells. In layered structure containing ZnO and metal nanoscale layers, we have presented the possibility of increasing wave transmission in the visible region by adding the top and bottom cap layers. The enhancement of optical transmission is very important in improving the performance of sensor protections, solar cells, UV protective films and transparent conductive display panels electrode. It is found that, the structure containing both the top and bottom cap layers (S3) yields larger transmittance than the structures S1 without any cap or S2 just with one cap layer. The maximum transmittance in the visible range can be increased from 33% to 67%. In addition, for the TE mode (TM mode), the maximum value of transmission in the S1 and S2 structures occurs at angles close to normal incidence while in the S3 multilayer it happens around 1 radian, that is, the behavior of the TE mode is the opposite of the TM mode. Also, when the incident angle varies, the band edges experience a blue shift. The amount of TE shift is more pronounced than TM one. Moreover, the metal with higher plasma frequency will move the band gap edges to the higher frequencies.
{"title":"Window layer based on ZnO and Ag thin films incorporated in solar cells as a part of hybrid energy-saving system","authors":"Hadi Gholamzadeh, R. Hosseini, H. Veladi, H. Rahimi","doi":"10.37190/oa230110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230110","url":null,"abstract":"We have started a new research project on a hybrid power generation system consisting of piezoelectric, thermoelectric and solar cell modules. In the first step, we have focused on the antireflection coating based on zinc oxide (ZnO) and metal nanolayers incorporated in solar cells. In layered structure containing ZnO and metal nanoscale layers, we have presented the possibility of increasing wave transmission in the visible region by adding the top and bottom cap layers. The enhancement of optical transmission is very important in improving the performance of sensor protections, solar cells, UV protective films and transparent conductive display panels electrode. It is found that, the structure containing both the top and bottom cap layers (S3) yields larger transmittance than the structures S1 without any cap or S2 just with one cap layer. The maximum transmittance in the visible range can be increased from 33% to 67%. In addition, for the TE mode (TM mode), the maximum value of transmission in the S1 and S2 structures occurs at angles close to normal incidence while in the S3 multilayer it happens around 1 radian, that is, the behavior of the TE mode is the opposite of the TM mode. Also, when the incident angle varies, the band edges experience a blue shift. The amount of TE shift is more pronounced than TM one. Moreover, the metal with higher plasma frequency will move the band gap edges to the higher frequencies.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70019192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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