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Performance analysis of MPPM FSO transmission over Gamma–Chi-square strong atmospheric turbulence 伽玛卡方强大气湍流条件下MPPM FSO传输性能分析
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa230108
In this paper, performance analysis of free space optical (FSO) system operating in conditions of strong atmospheric turbulence over Gamma–Chi-square turbulence model, has been carried out. We have observed reception over multi-pulse pulse-position (MPPM) modulation format for the case of strong atmospheric turbulence conditions modeled with Gamma–Chi-square turbulence model and have compared it with turbulence modeling distributions such are: Gamma–Gamma distribution, K-distribution, negative exponential distribution, log–normal distribution. First, we have provided closed-form analytical expressions for average bit error rate (ABER) at the reception for each observed case and then based on them, we have obtained numerical and Monte Carlo simulation results in order to observe turbulence level impact on system performance.
本文利用伽玛-卡方湍流模型对自由空间光学系统在强大气湍流条件下的性能进行了分析。我们观察了用伽玛卡方湍流模型模拟的强大气湍流条件下的多脉冲脉冲位置(MPPM)调制格式的接收情况,并将其与湍流模型分布进行了比较,这些分布包括:伽玛分布、k分布、负指数分布、对数正态分布。首先,我们给出了每个观测情况下接收端的平均误码率(ABER)的封闭解析表达式,然后基于它们,我们得到了数值和蒙特卡罗模拟结果,以观察湍流水平对系统性能的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Noise quantization simulation analysis of optical convolutional networks 光卷积网络噪声量化仿真分析
4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa230311
None Ye Zhang, None Saining Zhang, None Danni Zhang, None Yanmei Su, None Junkai Yi, None Pengfei Wang, None Ruiting Wang, None Guangzhen Luo, None Xuliang Zhou, None Jiaoqing Pan
Optical neural network (ONN) has been regarded as one of the most prospective techniques in the future, due to its high-speed and low power cost. However, the realization of optical convolutional neural network (CNN) in non-ideal cases still remains a big challenge. In this paper, we propose an optical convolutional networks system for classification problems by applying general matrix multiply (GEMM) technology. The results show that under the influence of noise, this system still has good performance with low TOP-1 and TOP-5 error rates of 44.26% and 14.51% for ImageNet. We also propose a quantization model of CNN. The noise quantization model reaches a sufficient prediction accuracy of about 96% for MNIST handwritten dataset.
光神经网络(ONN)以其高速、低功耗的特点被认为是未来最有发展前景的技术之一。然而,在非理想情况下实现光学卷积神经网络(CNN)仍然是一个很大的挑战。本文提出了一种基于广义矩阵乘法技术的光学卷积网络分类系统。结果表明,在噪声的影响下,该系统仍然具有良好的性能,对ImageNet的TOP-1和TOP-5错误率分别为44.26%和14.51%。我们还提出了CNN的量化模型。噪声量化模型对MNIST手写数据集的预测精度达到96%左右。
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引用次数: 0
Aspherical, sphero-cylindrical, toroidal, and ellipsoidal surfaces for designing astigmatic spectacle lenses with axis orientation 用于设计轴向散光镜片的非球面、球柱面、环面和椭球面
4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa230304
None Huazhong Xiang, None Peng Wang, None Zexi Zheng, None Gang Zheng, None Jiabi Chen, None Cheng Wang, None Dawei Zhang, None Songlin Zhuang
In this paper, formulas for aspherical, sphero-cylindrical, toroidal, and ellipsoidal surfaces with astigmatic axes are derived. Based on this, four types of curved surfaces were designed to correct astigmatism with axis, and, subsequently, the lenses were simulated, fabricated, and measured. A total of ten spectacle lenses in two groups were designed. Those in the first group used identical optical parameters. The spherical and cylindrical powers and maximum and minimum edge thicknesses of aspherical, sphero-cylindrical, and ellipsoidal surfaces were compared. The results indicated that the power of the lens constructed using the toroidal surface was more accurate than those of the other three lenses. Moreover, the minimum edge thickness of the toroidal surface was 1.2%, 4.98%, and 4.87% lower than those of the aspherical, sphero-cylindrical, and ellipsoidal surfaces, respectively. The powers and edge thicknesses of toroidal surfaces with different diopters were compared in the second group. The minimum and maximum edge thicknesses were observed to be reduced by 8.97% and 6.05%, respectively, corresponding to the conic constants obtained via ray tracing. The conclusion will be significant for clinical ophthalmology and optical design for the patients with astigmatism.
导出了具有像散轴的非球面、球柱面、环面和椭球面的计算公式。在此基础上,设计了四种带轴校正像散的曲面,并对透镜进行了模拟、制作和测量。两组共设计10个镜片。第一组使用相同的光学参数。比较了非球面、球柱面和椭球面的球面和柱面幂以及最大和最小边缘厚度。结果表明,使用环形面构造的透镜的功率比其他三种透镜的精度更高。环形表面的最小边缘厚度比非球面、球圆柱和椭球面分别小1.2%、4.98%和4.87%。比较第二组不同屈光度的环面光亮度和边缘厚度。最小边缘厚度和最大边缘厚度分别减小了8.97%和6.05%,这与通过射线追踪得到的圆锥常数相对应。结论对临床眼科及散光患者的光学设计具有一定的指导意义。
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引用次数: 0
Electrical performance analysis and optimization of monofacial and bifacial crystalline silicon solar cells 单面和双面晶硅太阳能电池电性能分析与优化
4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa230301
A.V.M. Manikandan, Shanthi Prince
This paper presents the investigations and performance analysis of monofacial and bifacial crystalline silicon solar cells with PC1D simulation software. The fundamental limitation in the monofacial solar cell’s performance is its inability to absorb all the incoming solar radiation since the albedo effect (ground-reflected light that can be captured by the rear of the solar cell) is often neglected. So, the efficiency of the monofacial cell will be lower due to poor and incomplete optical absorption. Bifaciality helps to enhance the capturing of light in the solar cell, which means that the rear of the cell is exposed to solar radiation to produce electrical power. The primary focus of our work is to determine which solar cell offers better device performance and conversion efficiency by analyzing various parameters of the solar cell like surface texturing, emitter doping, bulk doping, minority carrier lifetime, bulk and surface recombination rates, front and rear reflectance, among other parameters. The other parameters are maintained at an optimal range to achieve the highest conversion efficiency. Our work has shown that the bifacial solar cell can be as efficient as 28.15%, which is much better than the 22.65% efficiency of the monofacial solar cell.
本文利用PC1D仿真软件对单面和双面晶硅太阳能电池进行了研究和性能分析。单面太阳能电池性能的基本限制是它不能吸收所有入射的太阳辐射,因为反照率效应(可以被太阳能电池后部捕获的地面反射光)经常被忽视。因此,单面电池的效率会因为光吸收不良和不完全而降低。双面性有助于增强太阳能电池中的光捕获,这意味着电池的后部暴露在太阳辐射中以产生电能。我们的主要工作重点是通过分析太阳能电池的各种参数,如表面纹理、发射极掺杂、体掺杂、少数载流子寿命、体和表面复合率、前后反射率等参数,确定哪种太阳能电池具有更好的器件性能和转换效率。其他参数保持在最佳范围内,以达到最高的转换效率。我们的工作表明,双面太阳能电池的效率可达28.15%,大大优于单面太阳能电池22.65%的效率。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of linear and circular polarization in foggy environments at UV-NIR wavelengths 紫外-近红外波段雾蒙蒙环境下线偏振与圆偏振的比较
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa230111
Xiangwei Zeng, Yahong Li, Xueye Chen, Hongxia Zheng
This paper investigates the polarization persistence of linear polarization and circular polarization in foggy environments from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR). Using polarization tracking Monte Carlo simulation for varying particle size, wavelength, refractive index, and detection distance, it is shown that linear polarization and circular polarization exhibit different persistence performance. For wet haze of 0.6 μm mean diameter particles, right-handed circular polarization shows better persistence than parallel polarization at wavelengths of 0.36, 0.543 and 1.0 μm. But parallel polarization shows better persistence at wavelengths of 1.55, 2.1 and 2.4 μm. For wet haze of 1.0 μm mean diameter particles, right-handed circular polarization shows better persistence at wavelengths of 0.36, 0.543, 1.0 and 1.55 μm. But parallel polarization shows better persistence at wavelengths of 2.1 and 2.4 μm. For wet haze of 2.0 μm particles and radiation fog and advection fog, right-handed circular polarization shows better persistence at all simulated wavelengths. In short, right-handed circular polarization persists better than parallel polarization in most scenarios, however, with increasing wavelength and decreasing particle size, parallel polarization gradually persists better than right-handed circular polarization. Finally, anisotropy factor for various particle models is used to map the propagation law of right-handed circular polarization and parallel polarization.
本文研究了线偏振和圆偏振在雾天环境下从紫外到近红外的偏振持久性。通过对不同粒径、波长、折射率和探测距离的偏振跟踪蒙特卡罗模拟,发现线偏振和圆偏振具有不同的持久性能。对于平均粒径为0.6 μm的湿霾,在0.36、0.543和1.0 μm波长处,右旋圆偏振的持久性优于平行偏振;平行偏振在1.55、2.1和2.4 μm波长处具有较好的持久性。对于平均粒径为1.0 μm的湿霾,右旋圆偏振在0.36、0.543、1.0和1.55 μm波长处表现出较好的持久性。而平行偏振在2.1 μm和2.4 μm波长处具有较好的持久性。对于2.0 μm颗粒的湿霾、辐射雾和平流雾,右旋圆偏振在所有模拟波长上都表现出较好的持久性。简而言之,在大多数情况下,右手圆偏振比平行偏振保持得更好,但随着波长的增加和粒径的减小,平行偏振逐渐比右手圆偏振保持得更好。最后,利用不同粒子模型的各向异性因子映射了右手圆偏振和平行偏振的传播规律。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of solvents on the appearance of the absorption bands of the polystyrene films deposited from solutions on metal mirrors 溶剂对金属反射镜上聚苯乙烯薄膜吸收带形貌的影响
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa230101
Sorina Şerban, Laura Strugariu, S. Jitian
Infrared reflection-absorption spectra (IRRAS) at the near-normal incidence of polystyrene films from benzene, toluene, and chloroform solutions were analyzed in this paper. The appearance of the spectrum can be affected so that false conclusions can be drawn about the positions and the shape of the absorption bands. The knowledge of these influences of residual solvents in the polymer film is important for the correct interpretation of the reflection-absorption spectra. Unlike other approaches, a single reflection at a 20° incidence angle was used. A new drop-carting technique was used for the deposition of polymer film solutions on metal mirrors. Reflection-absorption spectra at a near-normal incidence angle were obtained using a dispersive infrared spectrometer.
本文分析了聚苯乙烯薄膜在苯、甲苯和氯仿溶液中的近正入射红外反射吸收光谱。光谱的外观可能会受到影响,因此可以得出关于吸收带的位置和形状的错误结论。了解聚合物薄膜中残留溶剂的这些影响对于正确解释反射吸收光谱是很重要的。与其他方法不同的是,该方法采用了20°入射角的单反射。提出了一种新型滴镀技术,用于在金属反射镜上沉积聚合物膜溶液。利用色散红外光谱仪获得了近法向入射角下的反射吸收光谱。
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引用次数: 0
Robust dual color images watermarking scheme with hyperchaotic encryption based on quaternion DFrAT and genetic algorithm 基于四元数DFrAT和遗传算法的超混沌加密鲁棒双色图像水印方案
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa230208
Hui-Xin Luo, Li-Hua Gong, Su-Hua Chen
A robust dual color images watermarking algorithm is designed based on quaternion discrete fractional angular transform (QDFrAT) and genetic algorithm. To guarantee the watermark security, the original color watermark image is encrypted with a 4D hyperchaotic system. A pure quaternion matrix is acquired by performing the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), the block division and the discrete cosine transform on the original color cover image. The quaternion matrix is operated by the QDFrAT to improve the robustness and the security of the watermarking scheme with the optimal transform angle and the fractional order. Then the singular value matrix is obtained by the quaternion singular value decomposition (QSVD) to further enhance the scheme’s stability. The encryption watermark is also processed by DWT and QSVD. Afterward, the singular value matrix of the encryption watermark is embedded into the singular value matrix of the host image by the optimal scaling factor. Moreover, the values to balance imperceptibility and robustness are optimized with a genetic algorithm. It is shown that the proposed color image watermarking scheme performs well in imperceptibility, security, robustness and embedding capacity.
设计了一种基于四元数离散分数阶角变换和遗传算法的鲁棒双色图像水印算法。为了保证水印的安全性,对原始彩色水印图像进行了四维超混沌系统加密。对原始彩色封面图像进行离散小波变换、分块分割和离散余弦变换,得到一个纯四元数矩阵。采用QDFrAT对四元数矩阵进行运算,以最优变换角度和分数阶来提高水印方案的鲁棒性和安全性。然后通过四元数奇异值分解(QSVD)得到奇异值矩阵,进一步提高方案的稳定性。对加密水印进行了DWT和QSVD处理。然后,通过最优比例因子将加密水印的奇异值矩阵嵌入到主图像的奇异值矩阵中。此外,利用遗传算法优化了不可感知性和鲁棒性之间的平衡值。实验结果表明,所提出的彩色图像水印方案具有较好的隐蔽性、安全性、鲁棒性和嵌入能力。
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引用次数: 0
Controllable wavelength conversion based on soliton dynamics in mid-infrared fiber 中红外光纤中基于孤子动力学的可控波长转换
4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa230307
None Kangle Shen, None Jian Yang, None Jiayi Zhao, None Xinyu Yang, None Hua Yang
We provide a convenient way to actively control the wavelength conversion of probe waves based on the soliton dynamics in the As 2 S 3 fibers. In this paper, it is found by numerical calculation that wavelength conversion occurs in the frequency domain due to the existence of refractive index barrier. By adjusting the collision position of pump pulse and probe pulse to realize the conversion of probe pulse wavelength, the effect of the power and the incident wavelength of the probe wave on the wavelength conversion are also discussed. This frequency domain conversion is of great use in the mid-infrared region, for example, all-optical conversion switches.
我们提供了一种方便的方法来主动控制探测波的波长转换,这是基于as2s3光纤中的孤子动力学的。本文通过数值计算发现,由于折射率势垒的存在,在频域中会发生波长转换。通过调整泵浦脉冲与探测脉冲的碰撞位置,实现探测脉冲波长的转换,讨论了探测波的功率和入射波长对波长转换的影响。这种频域转换在中红外区域有很大的应用,例如全光转换开关。
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引用次数: 0
Variable antennas positions solution to reduce pointing errors due to wind speed and temperature coupled effects during free space optical link using matrix Rician pointing error model 针对自由空间光链路中由于风速和温度耦合影响而产生的指向误差,提出了一种采用矩阵式径向指向误差模型的变天线定位方案
4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa230305
Michel Teuma Mbezi, Samuel Eke, Idelette Hermine Judith Som, Ruben Martin Mouangue
Pointing errors (PE) during free space optical (FSO) transmission can be caused by laser beam wander due to thermal and wind dynamic instability. The aim of this work is to study the coupled effects of temperature and wind speed on PE using matrix Rician pointing error (MRPE) model; then show how variable antennas height can reduce PE due to wind speed and temperature coupled effects. To achieve this purposes, average PE expression was established using MRPE model. Then considering a Gaussian beam wave and Monin–Obukhov similarity functions for the structure parameters of temperature, explicit relationship was established between average PE, temperature and wind speed. It comes out of this study that under dynamic turbulence, one can appropriately modify temperature to reduce PE due to dynamic instability and reciprocally. Depending on turbulence large cells or frozen turbulence eddies distribution, PE can be reduced by appropriately modified antennas height or the distance between transmitter and receiver. That is why this work suggests to install variable or dynamic antennas (rather than fixed ones) which could intelligently modify its positions according to laser beam wander created by atmospheric turbulence.
自由空间光(FSO)传输过程中的指向误差(PE)是由热动力和风动力不稳定引起的激光束漂移引起的。本文利用矩阵指向误差(MRPE)模型研究了温度和风速对PE的耦合影响;然后展示由于风速和温度耦合效应,可变天线高度如何降低PE。为此,采用MRPE模型建立PE平均表达量。然后考虑温度结构参数的高斯波束波和Monin-Obukhov相似函数,建立了平均PE、温度和风速之间的显式关系。研究结果表明,在动态湍流条件下,可以通过适当调节温度来降低动态不稳定性导致的PE。根据湍流大单元或冰冻湍流涡旋的分布情况,可以适当调整天线高度或收发距离来降低PE。这就是为什么这项工作建议安装可变或动态天线(而不是固定天线),这些天线可以根据大气湍流产生的激光束漂移智能地调整其位置。
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引用次数: 0
Common path optical coherence tomography with electronic feedback for improved sensitivity 带电子反馈的共程光学相干层析成像提高了灵敏度
4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa230312
Khalid Alsnaie
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has become a useful tool in medical diagnosis over the past 25 years, because of its ability to visualize intracellular structures at high resolution. The main objective of this work is to add electronic feedback to the optical coherence tomography setup to increase its sensitivity. Noise added to the measured interferogram obscures some details of examined tissue layered structure. Adjusting signal power level in such a way to improve signal-to-noise ratio can help to enhance image quality. Electronic feedback is added to enhance system sensitivity. A logarithmic amplifier is included in the OCT setup to automatically adapt signal level. Moreover, the resolution of the optical spectrum analyzer is controlled according to the farthest layer detected in the A-scan. These techniques are tested showing an improvement in obtained image of a human nail.
光学相干断层扫描(OCT)成像在过去的25年中已经成为医学诊断的一个有用的工具,因为它能够以高分辨率显示细胞内结构。本工作的主要目的是在光学相干层析成像装置中增加电子反馈以提高其灵敏度。添加到测量干涉图中的噪声模糊了被检测组织分层结构的一些细节。通过调整信号功率电平来提高信噪比,有助于提高图像质量。增加了电子反馈,提高了系统的灵敏度。一个对数放大器包括在OCT设置自动适应信号电平。此外,根据a扫描中检测到的最远层来控制光谱分析仪的分辨率。这些技术经过测试,显示了获得的人类指甲图像的改进。
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引用次数: 0
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Optica Applicata
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