In this paper, performance analysis of free space optical (FSO) system operating in conditions of strong atmospheric turbulence over Gamma–Chi-square turbulence model, has been carried out. We have observed reception over multi-pulse pulse-position (MPPM) modulation format for the case of strong atmospheric turbulence conditions modeled with Gamma–Chi-square turbulence model and have compared it with turbulence modeling distributions such are: Gamma–Gamma distribution, K-distribution, negative exponential distribution, log–normal distribution. First, we have provided closed-form analytical expressions for average bit error rate (ABER) at the reception for each observed case and then based on them, we have obtained numerical and Monte Carlo simulation results in order to observe turbulence level impact on system performance.
{"title":"Performance analysis of MPPM FSO transmission over Gamma–Chi-square strong atmospheric turbulence","authors":"","doi":"10.37190/oa230108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230108","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, performance analysis of free space optical (FSO) system operating in conditions of strong atmospheric turbulence over Gamma–Chi-square turbulence model, has been carried out. We have observed reception over multi-pulse pulse-position (MPPM) modulation format for the case of strong atmospheric turbulence conditions modeled with Gamma–Chi-square turbulence model and have compared it with turbulence modeling distributions such are: Gamma–Gamma distribution, K-distribution, negative exponential distribution, log–normal distribution. First, we have provided closed-form analytical expressions for average bit error rate (ABER) at the reception for each observed case and then based on them, we have obtained numerical and Monte Carlo simulation results in order to observe turbulence level impact on system performance.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70018651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infrared reflection-absorption spectra (IRRAS) at the near-normal incidence of polystyrene films from benzene, toluene, and chloroform solutions were analyzed in this paper. The appearance of the spectrum can be affected so that false conclusions can be drawn about the positions and the shape of the absorption bands. The knowledge of these influences of residual solvents in the polymer film is important for the correct interpretation of the reflection-absorption spectra. Unlike other approaches, a single reflection at a 20° incidence angle was used. A new drop-carting technique was used for the deposition of polymer film solutions on metal mirrors. Reflection-absorption spectra at a near-normal incidence angle were obtained using a dispersive infrared spectrometer.
{"title":"The influence of solvents on the appearance of the absorption bands of the polystyrene films deposited from solutions on metal mirrors","authors":"Sorina Şerban, Laura Strugariu, S. Jitian","doi":"10.37190/oa230101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230101","url":null,"abstract":"Infrared reflection-absorption spectra (IRRAS) at the near-normal incidence of polystyrene films from benzene, toluene, and chloroform solutions were analyzed in this paper. The appearance of the spectrum can be affected so that false conclusions can be drawn about the positions and the shape of the absorption bands. The knowledge of these influences of residual solvents in the polymer film is important for the correct interpretation of the reflection-absorption spectra. Unlike other approaches, a single reflection at a 20° incidence angle was used. A new drop-carting technique was used for the deposition of polymer film solutions on metal mirrors. Reflection-absorption spectra at a near-normal incidence angle were obtained using a dispersive infrared spectrometer.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70017266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the polarization persistence of linear polarization and circular polarization in foggy environments from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR). Using polarization tracking Monte Carlo simulation for varying particle size, wavelength, refractive index, and detection distance, it is shown that linear polarization and circular polarization exhibit different persistence performance. For wet haze of 0.6 μm mean diameter particles, right-handed circular polarization shows better persistence than parallel polarization at wavelengths of 0.36, 0.543 and 1.0 μm. But parallel polarization shows better persistence at wavelengths of 1.55, 2.1 and 2.4 μm. For wet haze of 1.0 μm mean diameter particles, right-handed circular polarization shows better persistence at wavelengths of 0.36, 0.543, 1.0 and 1.55 μm. But parallel polarization shows better persistence at wavelengths of 2.1 and 2.4 μm. For wet haze of 2.0 μm particles and radiation fog and advection fog, right-handed circular polarization shows better persistence at all simulated wavelengths. In short, right-handed circular polarization persists better than parallel polarization in most scenarios, however, with increasing wavelength and decreasing particle size, parallel polarization gradually persists better than right-handed circular polarization. Finally, anisotropy factor for various particle models is used to map the propagation law of right-handed circular polarization and parallel polarization.
{"title":"Comparison of linear and circular polarization in foggy environments at UV-NIR wavelengths","authors":"Xiangwei Zeng, Yahong Li, Xueye Chen, Hongxia Zheng","doi":"10.37190/oa230111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230111","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the polarization persistence of linear polarization and circular polarization in foggy environments from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR). Using polarization tracking Monte Carlo simulation for varying particle size, wavelength, refractive index, and detection distance, it is shown that linear polarization and circular polarization exhibit different persistence performance. For wet haze of 0.6 μm mean diameter particles, right-handed circular polarization shows better persistence than parallel polarization at wavelengths of 0.36, 0.543 and 1.0 μm. But parallel polarization shows better persistence at wavelengths of 1.55, 2.1 and 2.4 μm. For wet haze of 1.0 μm mean diameter particles, right-handed circular polarization shows better persistence at wavelengths of 0.36, 0.543, 1.0 and 1.55 μm. But parallel polarization shows better persistence at wavelengths of 2.1 and 2.4 μm. For wet haze of 2.0 μm particles and radiation fog and advection fog, right-handed circular polarization shows better persistence at all simulated wavelengths. In short, right-handed circular polarization persists better than parallel polarization in most scenarios, however, with increasing wavelength and decreasing particle size, parallel polarization gradually persists better than right-handed circular polarization. Finally, anisotropy factor for various particle models is used to map the propagation law of right-handed circular polarization and parallel polarization.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70019206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Ye Zhang, None Saining Zhang, None Danni Zhang, None Yanmei Su, None Junkai Yi, None Pengfei Wang, None Ruiting Wang, None Guangzhen Luo, None Xuliang Zhou, None Jiaoqing Pan
Optical neural network (ONN) has been regarded as one of the most prospective techniques in the future, due to its high-speed and low power cost. However, the realization of optical convolutional neural network (CNN) in non-ideal cases still remains a big challenge. In this paper, we propose an optical convolutional networks system for classification problems by applying general matrix multiply (GEMM) technology. The results show that under the influence of noise, this system still has good performance with low TOP-1 and TOP-5 error rates of 44.26% and 14.51% for ImageNet. We also propose a quantization model of CNN. The noise quantization model reaches a sufficient prediction accuracy of about 96% for MNIST handwritten dataset.
{"title":"Noise quantization simulation analysis of optical convolutional networks","authors":"None Ye Zhang, None Saining Zhang, None Danni Zhang, None Yanmei Su, None Junkai Yi, None Pengfei Wang, None Ruiting Wang, None Guangzhen Luo, None Xuliang Zhou, None Jiaoqing Pan","doi":"10.37190/oa230311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230311","url":null,"abstract":"Optical neural network (ONN) has been regarded as one of the most prospective techniques in the future, due to its high-speed and low power cost. However, the realization of optical convolutional neural network (CNN) in non-ideal cases still remains a big challenge. In this paper, we propose an optical convolutional networks system for classification problems by applying general matrix multiply (GEMM) technology. The results show that under the influence of noise, this system still has good performance with low TOP-1 and TOP-5 error rates of 44.26% and 14.51% for ImageNet. We also propose a quantization model of CNN. The noise quantization model reaches a sufficient prediction accuracy of about 96% for MNIST handwritten dataset.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, formulas for aspherical, sphero-cylindrical, toroidal, and ellipsoidal surfaces with astigmatic axes are derived. Based on this, four types of curved surfaces were designed to correct astigmatism with axis, and, subsequently, the lenses were simulated, fabricated, and measured. A total of ten spectacle lenses in two groups were designed. Those in the first group used identical optical parameters. The spherical and cylindrical powers and maximum and minimum edge thicknesses of aspherical, sphero-cylindrical, and ellipsoidal surfaces were compared. The results indicated that the power of the lens constructed using the toroidal surface was more accurate than those of the other three lenses. Moreover, the minimum edge thickness of the toroidal surface was 1.2%, 4.98%, and 4.87% lower than those of the aspherical, sphero-cylindrical, and ellipsoidal surfaces, respectively. The powers and edge thicknesses of toroidal surfaces with different diopters were compared in the second group. The minimum and maximum edge thicknesses were observed to be reduced by 8.97% and 6.05%, respectively, corresponding to the conic constants obtained via ray tracing. The conclusion will be significant for clinical ophthalmology and optical design for the patients with astigmatism.
{"title":"Aspherical, sphero-cylindrical, toroidal, and ellipsoidal surfaces for designing astigmatic spectacle lenses with axis orientation","authors":"None Huazhong Xiang, None Peng Wang, None Zexi Zheng, None Gang Zheng, None Jiabi Chen, None Cheng Wang, None Dawei Zhang, None Songlin Zhuang","doi":"10.37190/oa230304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230304","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, formulas for aspherical, sphero-cylindrical, toroidal, and ellipsoidal surfaces with astigmatic axes are derived. Based on this, four types of curved surfaces were designed to correct astigmatism with axis, and, subsequently, the lenses were simulated, fabricated, and measured. A total of ten spectacle lenses in two groups were designed. Those in the first group used identical optical parameters. The spherical and cylindrical powers and maximum and minimum edge thicknesses of aspherical, sphero-cylindrical, and ellipsoidal surfaces were compared. The results indicated that the power of the lens constructed using the toroidal surface was more accurate than those of the other three lenses. Moreover, the minimum edge thickness of the toroidal surface was 1.2%, 4.98%, and 4.87% lower than those of the aspherical, sphero-cylindrical, and ellipsoidal surfaces, respectively. The powers and edge thicknesses of toroidal surfaces with different diopters were compared in the second group. The minimum and maximum edge thicknesses were observed to be reduced by 8.97% and 6.05%, respectively, corresponding to the conic constants obtained via ray tracing. The conclusion will be significant for clinical ophthalmology and optical design for the patients with astigmatism.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the investigations and performance analysis of monofacial and bifacial crystalline silicon solar cells with PC1D simulation software. The fundamental limitation in the monofacial solar cell’s performance is its inability to absorb all the incoming solar radiation since the albedo effect (ground-reflected light that can be captured by the rear of the solar cell) is often neglected. So, the efficiency of the monofacial cell will be lower due to poor and incomplete optical absorption. Bifaciality helps to enhance the capturing of light in the solar cell, which means that the rear of the cell is exposed to solar radiation to produce electrical power. The primary focus of our work is to determine which solar cell offers better device performance and conversion efficiency by analyzing various parameters of the solar cell like surface texturing, emitter doping, bulk doping, minority carrier lifetime, bulk and surface recombination rates, front and rear reflectance, among other parameters. The other parameters are maintained at an optimal range to achieve the highest conversion efficiency. Our work has shown that the bifacial solar cell can be as efficient as 28.15%, which is much better than the 22.65% efficiency of the monofacial solar cell.
{"title":"Electrical performance analysis and optimization of monofacial and bifacial crystalline silicon solar cells","authors":"A.V.M. Manikandan, Shanthi Prince","doi":"10.37190/oa230301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230301","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the investigations and performance analysis of monofacial and bifacial crystalline silicon solar cells with PC1D simulation software. The fundamental limitation in the monofacial solar cell’s performance is its inability to absorb all the incoming solar radiation since the albedo effect (ground-reflected light that can be captured by the rear of the solar cell) is often neglected. So, the efficiency of the monofacial cell will be lower due to poor and incomplete optical absorption. Bifaciality helps to enhance the capturing of light in the solar cell, which means that the rear of the cell is exposed to solar radiation to produce electrical power. The primary focus of our work is to determine which solar cell offers better device performance and conversion efficiency by analyzing various parameters of the solar cell like surface texturing, emitter doping, bulk doping, minority carrier lifetime, bulk and surface recombination rates, front and rear reflectance, among other parameters. The other parameters are maintained at an optimal range to achieve the highest conversion efficiency. Our work has shown that the bifacial solar cell can be as efficient as 28.15%, which is much better than the 22.65% efficiency of the monofacial solar cell.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135914263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A robust dual color images watermarking algorithm is designed based on quaternion discrete fractional angular transform (QDFrAT) and genetic algorithm. To guarantee the watermark security, the original color watermark image is encrypted with a 4D hyperchaotic system. A pure quaternion matrix is acquired by performing the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), the block division and the discrete cosine transform on the original color cover image. The quaternion matrix is operated by the QDFrAT to improve the robustness and the security of the watermarking scheme with the optimal transform angle and the fractional order. Then the singular value matrix is obtained by the quaternion singular value decomposition (QSVD) to further enhance the scheme’s stability. The encryption watermark is also processed by DWT and QSVD. Afterward, the singular value matrix of the encryption watermark is embedded into the singular value matrix of the host image by the optimal scaling factor. Moreover, the values to balance imperceptibility and robustness are optimized with a genetic algorithm. It is shown that the proposed color image watermarking scheme performs well in imperceptibility, security, robustness and embedding capacity.
{"title":"Robust dual color images watermarking scheme with hyperchaotic encryption based on quaternion DFrAT and genetic algorithm","authors":"Hui-Xin Luo, Li-Hua Gong, Su-Hua Chen","doi":"10.37190/oa230208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230208","url":null,"abstract":"A robust dual color images watermarking algorithm is designed based on quaternion discrete fractional angular transform (QDFrAT) and genetic algorithm. To guarantee the watermark security, the original color watermark image is encrypted with a 4D hyperchaotic system. A pure quaternion matrix is acquired by performing the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), the block division and the discrete cosine transform on the original color cover image. The quaternion matrix is operated by the QDFrAT to improve the robustness and the security of the watermarking scheme with the optimal transform angle and the fractional order. Then the singular value matrix is obtained by the quaternion singular value decomposition (QSVD) to further enhance the scheme’s stability. The encryption watermark is also processed by DWT and QSVD. Afterward, the singular value matrix of the encryption watermark is embedded into the singular value matrix of the host image by the optimal scaling factor. Moreover, the values to balance imperceptibility and robustness are optimized with a genetic algorithm. It is shown that the proposed color image watermarking scheme performs well in imperceptibility, security, robustness and embedding capacity.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70019797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We provide a convenient way to actively control the wavelength conversion of probe waves based on the soliton dynamics in the As 2 S 3 fibers. In this paper, it is found by numerical calculation that wavelength conversion occurs in the frequency domain due to the existence of refractive index barrier. By adjusting the collision position of pump pulse and probe pulse to realize the conversion of probe pulse wavelength, the effect of the power and the incident wavelength of the probe wave on the wavelength conversion are also discussed. This frequency domain conversion is of great use in the mid-infrared region, for example, all-optical conversion switches.
{"title":"Controllable wavelength conversion based on soliton dynamics in mid-infrared fiber","authors":"None Kangle Shen, None Jian Yang, None Jiayi Zhao, None Xinyu Yang, None Hua Yang","doi":"10.37190/oa230307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230307","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a convenient way to actively control the wavelength conversion of probe waves based on the soliton dynamics in the As 2 S 3 fibers. In this paper, it is found by numerical calculation that wavelength conversion occurs in the frequency domain due to the existence of refractive index barrier. By adjusting the collision position of pump pulse and probe pulse to realize the conversion of probe pulse wavelength, the effect of the power and the incident wavelength of the probe wave on the wavelength conversion are also discussed. This frequency domain conversion is of great use in the mid-infrared region, for example, all-optical conversion switches.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michel Teuma Mbezi, Samuel Eke, Idelette Hermine Judith Som, Ruben Martin Mouangue
Pointing errors (PE) during free space optical (FSO) transmission can be caused by laser beam wander due to thermal and wind dynamic instability. The aim of this work is to study the coupled effects of temperature and wind speed on PE using matrix Rician pointing error (MRPE) model; then show how variable antennas height can reduce PE due to wind speed and temperature coupled effects. To achieve this purposes, average PE expression was established using MRPE model. Then considering a Gaussian beam wave and Monin–Obukhov similarity functions for the structure parameters of temperature, explicit relationship was established between average PE, temperature and wind speed. It comes out of this study that under dynamic turbulence, one can appropriately modify temperature to reduce PE due to dynamic instability and reciprocally. Depending on turbulence large cells or frozen turbulence eddies distribution, PE can be reduced by appropriately modified antennas height or the distance between transmitter and receiver. That is why this work suggests to install variable or dynamic antennas (rather than fixed ones) which could intelligently modify its positions according to laser beam wander created by atmospheric turbulence.
{"title":"Variable antennas positions solution to reduce pointing errors due to wind speed and temperature coupled effects during free space optical link using matrix Rician pointing error model","authors":"Michel Teuma Mbezi, Samuel Eke, Idelette Hermine Judith Som, Ruben Martin Mouangue","doi":"10.37190/oa230305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230305","url":null,"abstract":"Pointing errors (PE) during free space optical (FSO) transmission can be caused by laser beam wander due to thermal and wind dynamic instability. The aim of this work is to study the coupled effects of temperature and wind speed on PE using matrix Rician pointing error (MRPE) model; then show how variable antennas height can reduce PE due to wind speed and temperature coupled effects. To achieve this purposes, average PE expression was established using MRPE model. Then considering a Gaussian beam wave and Monin–Obukhov similarity functions for the structure parameters of temperature, explicit relationship was established between average PE, temperature and wind speed. It comes out of this study that under dynamic turbulence, one can appropriately modify temperature to reduce PE due to dynamic instability and reciprocally. Depending on turbulence large cells or frozen turbulence eddies distribution, PE can be reduced by appropriately modified antennas height or the distance between transmitter and receiver. That is why this work suggests to install variable or dynamic antennas (rather than fixed ones) which could intelligently modify its positions according to laser beam wander created by atmospheric turbulence.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has become a useful tool in medical diagnosis over the past 25 years, because of its ability to visualize intracellular structures at high resolution. The main objective of this work is to add electronic feedback to the optical coherence tomography setup to increase its sensitivity. Noise added to the measured interferogram obscures some details of examined tissue layered structure. Adjusting signal power level in such a way to improve signal-to-noise ratio can help to enhance image quality. Electronic feedback is added to enhance system sensitivity. A logarithmic amplifier is included in the OCT setup to automatically adapt signal level. Moreover, the resolution of the optical spectrum analyzer is controlled according to the farthest layer detected in the A-scan. These techniques are tested showing an improvement in obtained image of a human nail.
{"title":"Common path optical coherence tomography with electronic feedback for improved sensitivity","authors":"Khalid Alsnaie","doi":"10.37190/oa230312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa230312","url":null,"abstract":"Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has become a useful tool in medical diagnosis over the past 25 years, because of its ability to visualize intracellular structures at high resolution. The main objective of this work is to add electronic feedback to the optical coherence tomography setup to increase its sensitivity. Noise added to the measured interferogram obscures some details of examined tissue layered structure. Adjusting signal power level in such a way to improve signal-to-noise ratio can help to enhance image quality. Electronic feedback is added to enhance system sensitivity. A logarithmic amplifier is included in the OCT setup to automatically adapt signal level. Moreover, the resolution of the optical spectrum analyzer is controlled according to the farthest layer detected in the A-scan. These techniques are tested showing an improvement in obtained image of a human nail.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135914256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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