Oral diseases最新文献

Objective: Periodontitis is the primary cause of tooth loss worldwide. This study aimed to identify herpes simplex virus (HSV) related biomarkers in periodontitis patients.

Methods: The present study used DIA-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to analyze the proteome of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) from one healthy donor across early and late stages (12-72 h) of HSV-1 infection.

Results: The study identified 890 differentially expressed proteins. At the early infection stage, there was a notable upregulation of proteins including interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 7, IFN-stimulated genes 15, interleukin 6 (IL6), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and IFN-induced protein (IFI), alongside a downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). We observed the activation of pathways, including the complement and coagulation cascades, lysosome, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors, and TLR signaling pathways. Conversely, at the late stage, IFIs, IL1, and MMP3 were significantly upregulated, while complement proteins were downregulated. Biomarkers such as TLR2 may underscore the host's antiviral defense response to HSV-1 in the periodontal environment.

Conclusions: The present study identified several HGF proteins associated with periodontitis following HSV-1 infection, providing an analytical framework for determining the host's anti-viral defense response to antagonize HSV-1 infection in periodontal tissues.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the roles of Hedgehog (Hh) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) pathways in regulating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Methods: An alveolar bone defect model was created by extracting the first upper molars of mice. Mouse alveolar bone-derived MSCs (mMSCs) were isolated to evaluate the effects of Hh/PDGFRα pathways on osteogenic differentiation. We constructed PDGFRα short hairpin RNA plasmids to knock down PDGFRα expression, and the effects of PDGFRα knockdown on the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of mMSCs mediated by Hh were analyzed. Gelatin sponges were used as scaffolds to deliver mMSCs into tooth extraction wounds to study the effects of Hh/PDGFRα pathways on alveolar bone regeneration.

Results: The Hh pathway was activated during tooth extraction wounds healing. Hh upregulated PDGFRα expression in mMSCs (p < 0.05). PDGFRα knockdown weakened Hh signaling and its ability to enhance mMSCs' proliferation and migration (p < 0.05). Additionally, PDGFRα knockdown impaired the Hh pathway's effects on osteogenic differentiation (p < 0.01) and alveolar bone regeneration (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The cross-talk of Hh/PDGFRα c regulates mMSCs' osteogenic differentiation to promote alveolar bone regeneration. Targeting Hh/PDGFRα signaling may provide intervention strategies for bone regeneration therapies.

Background: Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a sun-related oral potentially malignant disorder with no established optimal treatment. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of available treatments for AC.

Methods: Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) comparing AC treatments with placebo or other interventions were included. In February 2025, a literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Central, SciELO, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, and Web of Science. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 tool. A qualitative synthesis was performed for each clinical outcome.

Results: Eight RCTs, involving 230 participants, were included. Treatments assessed included daylight or conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) with or without methyl aminolevulinate (MAL), imiquimod, and CO₂ laser, among others. The highest 3-month clearance rates were observed with MAL plus indoor daylight PDT, CO₂ laser, and electrodessication. At 6 months, the CO₂ laser remained most effective. Limitations include five trials with a high risk of bias and the inability to perform meta-analysis due to outcome measures heterogeneity and lack of standardized RCTs.

Conclusion: Due to limitations, the most effective AC treatment remains undetermined. Future research must improve methodology, assess standardized therapies, and include long-term follow-up to assess recurrences and malignant transformation.

Trial registration: PROSPERO: CRD42024561899.

Objectives: This scoping review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) modeling methods in inducing condylar cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone loss in SD rats.

Materials and methods: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for animal studies that established TMJOA models in SD rats and reported histological or micro-CT evaluation parameters. Two reviewers examined the methods and results sections of each selected study, performed methodological quality assessments, and extracted data.

Results: Fifty-seven studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected for analysis. The majority of these studies were rated as having a high risk of bias across the assessed domains. Three categories of TMJOA modeling methods (intra-articular injection, excessive mechanical loading, surgery) comprising fourteen specific techniques were identified and their data were analyzed.

Conclusions: At the early time, disc perforation could effectively induce subchondral bone loss, while monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) injection, over mandibular advancement, mandibular deviation, occlusal elevation, and excessive mouth opening could effectively damage both condylar cartilage and subchondral bone. At the long time, partial discectomy could effectively promote condylar cartilage degeneration, while MIA injection, unilateral anterior crossbite, and posterior occlusal disorder could effectively induce condylar cartilage degradation and subchondral bone loss.

Objective: This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Thai versions of the Chronic Oral Mucosal Disease Questionnaire-15 (COMDQ-15) and Oral Lichen Planus Symptom Severity Measure (OLP-SSM), assessing quality of life and symptom severity in oral lichen planus (OLP).

Methods: Following COSMIN guidelines, both original instruments were translated and culturally adapted into Thai. Psychometric evaluation, including structural validity, convergent and discriminative validity, and internal consistency, involved 203 Thai adults with OLP. Participants also completed psychological assessments (GAD-7, PHQ-9, PSS-10, B-IPQ), while clinicians rated disease activity of OLP using the OLP-DAS and OLP-IGA.

Results: Structural validity supported the original four-factor COMDQ-15 and unidimensional OLP-SSM structures, consistent with international findings. Content validity was excellent (CVI ≥ 0.96). Convergent validity showed moderate-to-high correlations between COMDQ-15 scores and psychological measures, and between OLP-SSM scores and clinical disease activity. However, discriminative validity was limited in distinguishing symptom severity states, likely due to mild-to-moderate disease severity among participants. Internal consistency was robust (COMDQ-15 α = 0.922; OLP-SSM α = 0.778).

Conclusion: The Thai COMDQ-15 and OLP-SSM are valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate tools for assessing symptom severity and quality of life in Thai OLP patients, enhancing clinical care and facilitating holistic disease management.

Objectives: To develop an automated system for generating standardized reports for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) from white-light images, aiming to reduce documentation workload, facilitate early intervention, and enable longitudinal lesion monitoring.

Methods: We proposed the SegORG model using 441 oral mucosa images and 1323 corresponding reports. It employed SegFormer for lesion segmentation; a visual encoder extracted global and local visual embeddings, which were projected into a pre-trained large language model (LLM feature) space via a lightweight visual mapper. The Qwen2.5-7B model then generated structured diagnostic reports, enhanced by text augmentation techniques to improve diversity and professionalism.

Results: SegORG achieved BLEU-4, ROUGE-L, and CIDEr scores of 0.291, 0.517, and 0.578, respectively. Additionally, the model obtained a clinical diagnostic F1-score of 0.695 and a median expert rating of 4 on the Likert scale (p < 0.001). It significantly outperformed conventional baseline models (R2Gen, METransformer, and SwinB+BERT9k) and contemporary general-purpose multimodal LLMs (GPT-4, Gemini 2.5 Pro, and Qwen2.5-VL), despite its lean architecture (90.4 M trainable parameters).

Conclusions: By enhancing visual feature extraction and achieving efficient text alignment, SegORG offers an effective technical pathway for OPMDs reports automation. While single-center validation shows promise, multicenter trials are needed to assess generalizability.

Background: Psoriasis and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases fueled by immune dysregulation. This study investigated their association by evaluating periodontal parameters and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), and YKL-40 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum.

Methods: Sixty individuals were assigned into three groups: healthy controls (C), periodontitis (P), and psoriasis with periodontitis (PS + P). Periodontal indices, including plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded. TNF-α, IL-17A, and YKL-40 concentrations in GCF and serum were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: Periodontal parameters were markedly higher in both periodontitis groups than in controls (p < 0.05). Serum TNF-α and IL-17A levels were highest in the PS + P group. GCF TNF-α was increased in both P and PS + P groups, while GCF IL-17A was elevated only in the P group. GCF and serum YKL-40 were elevated in both periodontitis groups, without a significant intergroup difference. GCF TNF-α correlated with PD (p < 0.001), CAL (p < 0.001) and PI (p < 0.001), while GCF YKL-40 correlated with CAL (p < 0.001) and BOP (p < 0.001). In the PS + P group, GCF YKL-40 also correlated with GCF TNF-α (p = 0.001) and IL-17A (p = 0.003).

Conclusion: These findings suggest a possible influence of psoriasis on periodontal inflammatory responses.

Objective: Oral infections and poor dental health may contribute to systemic complications after heart transplantation, yet data on their impact is limited. In the absence of standardized dental guidelines for transplant candidates, this study evaluated preoperative dental status and its association with post-transplant outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 72 patients who underwent heart transplantation between 2014 and 2019. Collected data included transplantation indications, dental findings, and postoperative outcomes. All patients received a preoperative panoramic dental X-ray and dental consultation.

Results: Patients had an average of 23.88 teeth, and all presented with at least one dental filling. Periodontal abnormalities were present in 68%. While the decayed, missing, and filled teeth scores showed no significant association with post-transplant mortality (p = 0.076), both periodontal disease and carious lesions were significantly associated with sepsis (p = 0.003). Sepsis, in turn, was significantly linked to increased mortality (p = 0.001).

Conclusions: Poor dental health was not directly associated with post-transplant mortality but was linked to a higher sepsis risk, which negatively affected outcomes. These findings support the need for standardized dental care protocols for heart transplant candidates.

Objectives: This research aims to investigate the remote regulatory role of plasma exosomal miR-375-3p in diabetic periodontitis and to design a local drug-loading material to retard periodontal tissue destruction.

Method: A rat model of diabetic periodontitis was established by steel wire ligation and streptozocin (STZ) injection. The remote regulating effect of plasma exosomal miR-375-3p was verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and in vivo fluorescence trafficking. Metal-organic framework (MOF) biomaterials were synthesized by the solution precipitation method. The physicochemical properties, biological properties, and therapeutic effects of drug-loading MOFs were evaluated through in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Results: In vivo fluorescence trafficking analysis demonstrated that plasma exosomal miR-375-3p was transferred from peripheral blood to periodontal tissue. Overexpression of miR-375-3p inhibits the osteogenic differentiation and migration of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). MiR-375-3p antagomir could be successfully loaded into MOF nanoparticles and delivered into BMSCs, and miR-375-3p antagomir-loading MOFs alleviate tissue destruction in diabetic periodontitis rats.

Conclusion: This research disclosed the remote regulatory role of plasma exosomal miR-375-3p in diabetic periodontitis, which partially contributes to the mechanism of diabetic periodontitis development. The miR-375-3p antagomir-loading MOF nanoparticles demonstrated acceptable biological properties and therapeutic capacity.

Objectives: Th17 cells play a critical role in alveolar bone loss, which is closely associated with osteoclast maturation during periodontitis. Previous studies have established that periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) are a significant source of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), a pivotal osteoclast-inducing cytokine. However, the mechanisms by which IL-17A promotes osteoclast activation via the PDL-mediated pathways are poorly understood. This study investigates how IL-17A promotes RANKL production in PDLCs and evaluates the therapeutic potential of targeting the JAK/STAT3 pathway in periodontitis.

Methods: A ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP) model was established and alveolar bone loss was assessed using micro-CT and TRAP staining. The molecular mechanisms were investigated using bioinformatic analysis, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The efficacy of anti-IL-17A (αIL-17A) and tofacitinib in inhibiting alveolar bone loss was evaluated through intraperitoneal injection.

Results: RANKL was predominantly expressed in the PDL during periodontitis. IL-17A enhanced osteoclast activity in RAW264.7 cells co-cultured with PDLCs. IL-17A upregulated RANKL expression in PDLCs through STAT3 activation. Tofacitinib significantly inhibited alveolar bone loss by suppressing Th17 cell differentiation and osteoclast activation.

Conclusions: IL-17A promoted RANKL expression through JAK/STAT3 activation in PDLCs. Tofacitinib, a clinically available JAK inhibitor, significantly attenuated alveolar bone loss in periodontitis.