Oral diseases最新文献

Objective: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a dense T-cell infiltration and the degeneration of basal keratinocytes. The potential functions of mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in OLP have been analyzed in our previous study. Keratinocytes under proinflammatory conditions have been demonstrated to activate T cells. This study was aimed to investigate how keratinocytes stimulate MAIT cells in OLP, and to explore the role of activated MAIT cells on keratinocytes.

Methods and results: Increased MAIT cells and higher activation marker CD69 were detected in OLP lesions by flow cytometry. The enhanced expression of MHC class I-like molecule (MR1) required for MAIT cell activation in the epithelial layer of OLP lesions was determined by immunohistochemistry. Keratinocytes treated by 5-A-RU prodrug and lipopolysaccharide, respectively, exhibited higher expression of MR1 and secretion of IL-18. In direct coculture systems consisting of keratinocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, both 5-A-RU prodrug-pretreated keratinocytes and lipopolysaccharide-pretreated keratinocytes activated MAIT cells to secrete granzyme B, contributing to elevated keratinocyte apoptosis.

Conclusions: Keratinocytes were capable to activate MAIT cells via MR1 and cytokines in OLP, and granzyme B produced by activated MAIT cells intensified keratinocyte apoptosis, engaging in the pathogenesis of OLP.

Objective: This study focused on the metabolic characteristics of tongue coating in patients with intra-oral halitosis (IOH) to investigate potential diagnostic biomarkers for IOH.

Methods: Oral healthy participants were enrolled in this study. Halitosis was evaluated with an organoleptic assessment, a Halimeter®, and an OralChroma™. Tongue coating samples were collected from 18 halitosis patients and 18 healthy controls. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was conducted to reveal the IOH-related metabolic variations in tongue coating.

Results: A total of 2214 metabolites were obtained. Most metabolites were shared between the two groups. A total of 274 upregulated metabolites, such as paramethasone acetate and indole-3-acetic acid, and 43 downregulated metabolites, including deoxyadenosine and valyl-arginine, were detected in the halitosis group. Functional analysis indicated that several metabolic pathways, including arginine biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, histidine metabolism, and lysine degradation were significantly enriched in the IOH group. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression analysis revealed that paramethasone acetate, {1-[2-(4-carbamimidoyl-benzoylamino)-propionyl]-piperidin-4-yloxy}-acetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and valyl-arginine were remarkably associated with IOH.

Conclusions: This study revealed the metabolites present in tongue coating and identified effective biomarkers, providing essential insights into the prediction, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of IOH.

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between periodontitis and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) from the clinical and microbiological aspects.

Subjects and methods: Periodontitis patients (CP group, n = 31) and CSVD patients (CSVD group, n = 30) were examined for neurological and periodontal condition. Subgingival plaque was collected and performed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Logistic regression and LASSO regression were used to analyze the periodontal parameters and subgingival microbiota related to CSVD, respectively. Inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were also detected and compared between the two groups.

Results: Clinical attachment level (CAL), teeth number and plaque index demonstrated a significant difference between CP and CSVD group, meanwhile, CAL was independently associated with CSVD. Besides, the microbial richness and composition were distinct between two groups. Five genera related to periodontal pathogens (Treponema, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas) were screened out by LASSO regression, suggesting a potential association with CSVD. Finally, the levels of inflammatory factors in GCF were statistically higher in CSVD group than those in CP group.

Conclusions: Cerebral small vessel disease patients demonstrated worse periodontal condition, meanwhile the interaction between microbiota dysbiosis and host factors (inflammation) leading to a better understanding of the association between periodontitis and CSVD.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS)-positive patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) compared to SGUS-negative patients and to analyse the diagnostic value of SGUS and labial salivary gland biopsy (LSGB) grading in pSS.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University between May 2019 and November 2023 was conducted. According to the OMERACT scoring system, patients with pSS were divided into an SGUS-negative group (score <2) and an SGUS-positive group (score ≥2). The patient's age, gender, clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters and diagnostic examinations were compared and analysed, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyse the correlation between SGUS, LSGB and influencing factors.

Results: There was no significant difference in dry mouth, dry eyes, tooth loss, fever, joint pain, fatigue, interstitial lung disease or renal tubular acidosis between the two groups, although there were more patients with salivary gland enlargement in the SGUS-positive group (p < 0.05). In terms of high levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), high levels of rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-nuclear antibody ≥1:320, anti-Sjögren's syndrome A-52KD and anti-Sjögren's syndrome B, the number of cases in the SGUS-positive group was greater than that in the SGUS-negative group (p < 0.05). LSGB samples were graded per the Chisholm-Mason system with significant differences between multiple groups. SGUS score negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with LSGB grade.

Conclusion: This study showed that the SGUS score positively correlated with LSGB grade in pSS patients and negatively correlated with patient age. Thus, SGUS and LSGB are consistent in the diagnosis of pSS to reflect the degree of salivary gland involvement, and patients who are SGUS positive have high RF and IgG levels, a variety of autoantibodies positive and a tendency toward salivary gland enlargement.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the risk of recurrence and cancer progression after surgical treatment for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and precancerous lesions in different anatomical sites.

Materials and methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in nine databases and grey literature. We included randomized controlled trials assessing surgical treatment efficacy for OPMD and precancerous lesions of cervical, vaginal, anal, and penile sites. Excision or ablation surgical treatments were considered.

Results: Overall, 12 studies met the eligibility criteria for oral leukoplakia (OL), proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). In qualitative analysis of surgical protocols, the lack of margin description impacts the clinical outcomes of OL and AIN, and the ablative protocols were heterogeneous in both OPMD and precancerous lesions. No significant difference in OL (risk ratio 0.82 [95% CI: 0.59-1.15]) and CIN (risk ratio 0.31 [95% CI: 0.09-1.09]) for recurrence was observed when cold-knife was compared with ablative protocols. OL exhibited higher recurrence and cancer progression rates compared to CIN and AIN.

Conclusion: There is no difference in recurrence risk post-surgical treatment for OL and CIN. Surgical protocols for oral leukoplakia and CIN/AIN lack standardized approaches.

Objective: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is an oral potentially malignant disorder. Forms that affect only one tissue are poorly studied, especially the exclusively gingival PVL (gPVL), which may have a more increased malignant transformation potential. The aim of the present study was to characterise the gPVL and its risk of malignant transformation to better raise awareness of this specific disorder.

Materials and methods: The systematic review was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Only articles reporting primary studies, case reports and case series were included. The meta-analysis was performed for the cancer prevalence, proportion of smokers, age and sex ratio, recurrences of gPVL and mortality.

Results: A total of 1298 studies were assessed for eligibility by reading titles and abstracts. Fourteen original articles were included with a total of 58 patients. The malignant transformation rate of gPVL was 47.75%. The mortality was 5.84%. The mean follow-up duration before malignant transformation was 3 years.

Conclusion: gPVL seems to have a faster malignant transformation rate than the other forms of PVL. Finding anatomo-pathological or genetic markers could be a line of research to predict gPVL malignant transformation and improve its diagnosis and treatment.

Background: The treatment procedure for intracapsular condylar fractures (ICF) is still being debated. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc is a key factor for treating ICF. The study aims to investigate the changes in TMJ disc status and condylar cartilage regeneration following ICF in a rabbit model, to assist in planning treatment.

Methods: Adolescent and adult rabbits received surgery on the left TMJs: (1) ICF with anterior disc displacement, (2) ICF with the removal of the ICF segment and disc. The animals were euthanized immediately, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. Their left TMJs were collected for histological, SOX 9 immunohistochemical, and micro-CT analyses.

Results: All 36 TMJs (100%) showed anterior disc displacement at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. Also, condylar cartilage regeneration was observed in all 36 joints. Notably, partial regeneration of condylar cartilage was noted at 4 weeks after removal of the disc and ICF fractured segment in both adolescent and adult groups.

Conclusion: Anterior displaced disc after ICF in adolescent and adult rabbits exhibited sustained disc displacement without therapeutic intervention. TMJ disc and associated attachment are crucial in the condylar cartilage regeneration after ICF.

Background: To meet their high energy needs, tumor cells undergo aberrant metabolic reprogramming. A tumor cell may expertly modify its metabolic pathways and the differential expression of the genes for metabolic enzymes. The physiological requirements of the host tissue and the tumor cell of origin mostly dictate metabolic adaptation. Ameloblastoma (AB) is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin. Due to its unrestricted growth potential, local aggressiveness, and high likelihood of recurrence, this condition poses a significant risk to the patient's health. This study aimed to characterize the metabolic heterogeneity at single-cell resolution of AB.

Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on 17,284 cells from three AB donors. Bioinformatic analysis was used to examine differentially expressed genes, subtypes, and regulatory mechanisms when combined with odontogenic keratocyst scRNA-seq data. Based on metabolic pathway gene sets, the metabolic landscape of AB tumor cells was examined.

Results: Using scRNA-seq, we discovered that AB tumor cells had substantial heterogeneity. The biggest contributor to tumor cell metabolic characteristics is determined to be variation in mitochondrial programming and glycolysis. Surprisingly, hypoxia corresponds with both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis activity in AB tumor cells at the single-cell level.

Conclusion: This study presents a computational framework for defining metabolism using single-cell expression data and identifies oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis as critical components of metabolism for AB tumor cells.