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Lepidagathis alopecuroides methanol extract as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl lepidagthis alopecroides甲醇提取物在盐酸中对低碳钢的缓蚀作用
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/auoc-2021-0003
G. Ndukwe, H. F. Chahul, Godwin Oodo
Abstract We report on the preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Lepidagathis alopecuroides and its evaluation as a potential corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in aerated 1.0 M HCl by weight loss and linear polarization measurements. Weight loss measurements were conducted at 303, 313, 323 and 333 K. The results showed that L. alopecuroides inhibited the corrosion of mild steel in the acid solution with inhibition efficiency increasing with increase in the concentrations of the plant extract but decreased with increase in temperature. Linear polarization plots showed the plant extract to inhibit both the dissolution of the steel at the anode and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode making it a mixed inhibitor. Temkin adsorption isotherms best modeled the adsorption of L. alopecuroides extract on the steel surface. From the values of the evaluated kinetic activation parameters in the study, the mechanism of physisorption is proposed for the adsorption of the plant extract on the steel surface.
摘要/ Abstract摘要:本文报道了用失重法和线性极化法对Lepidagathis alopecuroides地上部分甲醇提取物在1.0 M HCl中进行初步的植物化学筛选,并对其作为低碳钢缓蚀剂的潜力进行了评价。分别在303、313、323和333 K进行失重测量。结果表明,苦艾草对低碳钢在酸性溶液中的腐蚀有抑制作用,抑制效果随植物提取物浓度的增加而增加,随温度的升高而降低。线性极化图显示,植物提取物既能抑制钢在阳极的溶解,又能抑制阴极的析氢反应(HER),成为一种混合抑制剂。Temkin吸附等温线能很好地模拟钢表面对白花楸提取物的吸附。根据研究中评估的动力学活化参数值,提出了植物提取物在钢表面吸附的物理吸附机理。
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引用次数: 1
Determination of Enalapril maleate from tablets using a new HPLC method 高效液相色谱法测定马来酸依那普利片中依那普利的含量
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/auoc-2021-0010
S. Gherman, D. Zavastin, A. Șpac, A. Panainte
Abstract For the determination of enalapril maleate in tablets a new, simple and economical HPLC method was developed and fully validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Hewlett Zorbax SB-C 18 (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile: 0.025 M phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 3 (70:30 v/v) pumped at a flow rate 0.8 mL/min and UV-detection was performed at 210 nm. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines (linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, accuracy, recovery and system suitability). The total run time was less than 3 min and the retention time for Enalapril maleate was 2.3 min. The calibration graph was linear in the concentration range between 10 – 100 μg/mL with the correlation coefficient r2 = 0.9998. The developed and validated method was successfully applied to determine the Enalapril maleate in tablets. Therefore, this method proved to be sensitive, specific and reproducible and can be applied for routine analysis of enalapril maleate from pharmaceutical formulation due to its simplicity of application.
建立了测定马来酸依那普利片中依那普利含量的高效液相色谱法,并进行了验证。色谱柱为Hewlett Zorbax SB-C 18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm),流动相为乙腈:0.025 M磷酸盐缓冲液,调节pH为3 (70:30 v/v),泵送流速为0.8 mL/min, 210 nm紫外检测。根据ICH指南(线性度、检出限、定量限、精密度、准确度、回收率和系统适用性)对该方法进行了验证。总运行时间小于3 min,保留时间为2.3 min。在10 ~ 100 μg/mL范围内,校正曲线呈线性关系,相关系数r2 = 0.9998。该方法可用于测定马来酸依那普利片中依那普利的含量。该方法灵敏度高,专属性好,重复性好,操作简便,可用于中药制剂中马来酸依那普利的常规分析。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical speciation and mobility of heavy metals in soils of refuse dumpsites in some urban towns in the Niger Delta of Nigeria 尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲一些城镇垃圾填埋场土壤中重金属的化学形态和流动性
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/auoc-2020-0013
G. Tesi, Joshua O. Ojegu, S. O. Akporido
Abstract Refuse dumpsites often contain materials which are capable of polluting surrounding soils especially if the dumpsites are not adequately shielded from the surrounding area. This study examined chemical speciation and mobility of heavy metals in three urban towns in the Niger Delta. Soil samples were collected from three dumpsites in each of the three selected urban towns at 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm depths. The chemical speciation of the heavy metals in the soils was determined using the Tessier’s sequential extraction procedure. The results showed that on the average, the residual fraction was the predominant fraction of all the metals except Pb which was dominant in the organic fraction. The mobility factor followed the order Zn > Fe > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd > Cu. The study indicates that the metals studied do not pose environmental risk considering their relatively low concentrations and the chemical forms they are associated with. It is however recommended that the sites be continuously monitored because of the deleterious health effects of exposure to heavy metal pollution in the events of reclaim.
垃圾倾倒场通常含有能够污染周围土壤的物质,特别是如果倾倒场与周围地区没有充分的屏蔽。本研究考察了尼日尔三角洲三个城镇重金属的化学形态和流动性。在三个选定的城镇的三个垃圾场中,分别在0-15 cm、15-30 cm和30-45 cm深度采集土壤样本。土壤中重金属的化学形态是用Tessier序贯萃取法测定的。结果表明,除Pb在有机组分中占主导地位外,其余金属均以残余组分占主导地位。迁移系数的大小为Zn > Fe > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd > Cu。这项研究表明,考虑到所研究的金属相对较低的浓度和与之相关的化学形式,它们不会构成环境风险。但是,建议对这些场址进行持续监测,因为在回收活动中接触重金属污染会对健康产生有害影响。
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引用次数: 7
Osmotic dehydration of apple and pear slices: color and chemical characteristics 苹果和梨片的渗透脱水:颜色和化学特性
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/auoc-2020-0014
A. Leahu, C. Ghinea, M. Oroian
Abstract Osmotic dehydration is the pre-treatment method of preservation the fruits and vegetables to increase their shelf life. This method consists of immersing fruits and vegetables in concentrated solutions of salt or sugar. The effect of osmotic dehydration was investigated on the color and chemical characteristics of dehydrated fruits (apple and pear) in fructose osmotic solutions. Difference in CIE-LAB, chroma - C* and hue angle H* were performed with a Chroma Meter CR-400/410. Apple (Malus domestica ‘Jonathan’) and sweet autumn pear variety (Pyrus comunis) were osmotically dehydrated in three aqueous solution of fructose (40, 60 and 80%), during 3 h of process at temperatures of 20 °C, with fruit/osmotic agent ratio of 2:1. Water loss and solids gain showed significant differences depending on the concentration of the osmotic agent and process time. The use of highly concentrated osmotic solutions induced losses of phenolic content (TPC) and ascorbic acid in the sliced apples and pears. Fructose concentration and osmosis time induce significant increase of a* and b* colorimetric parameters but did not affect the lightness (L*) of pear slices.
摘要渗透脱水是提高果蔬保鲜期的前处理方法。这种方法包括将水果和蔬菜浸泡在浓缩的盐或糖溶液中。在果糖渗透溶液中研究了渗透脱水对脱水水果(苹果和梨)颜色和化学特性的影响。用色度计CR-400/410测定CIE-LAB、色度- C*和色相角H*的差异。苹果(Malus domestica ' Jonathan ')和甜秋梨(Pyrus comunis)在三种果糖水溶液(40%、60%和80%)中,在20°C的温度下,果/渗透剂比为2:1,在3小时的过程中进行渗透脱水。水损失量和固相增加量随渗透剂浓度和处理时间的不同而有显著差异。高浓度渗透溶液的使用导致苹果和梨切片中酚含量(TPC)和抗坏血酸的损失。果糖浓度和渗透时间可显著提高梨片的a*和b*比色参数,但对梨片的亮度(L*)无显著影响。
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引用次数: 5
Spectrophotometric indicators of the stability of anthocyanin-containing extracts depending on the color of plant materials 植物原料颜色对含花青素提取物稳定性的光度测定指标
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/auoc-2020-0016
V. Koldaev, Artem Yurevich Manyakhin, P. S. Zorikov
Abstract This paper aims at spectrophotometric determination of changes in stability of extractable anthocyanins during drying of plant materials depending on their color. Raw and dried colored parts of 50 plant species from 25 families were used for the study. The extracts were prepared over 95% ethanol acidified with hydrochloric acid (pH ~ 1). The absorption spectra were registered within the range of 210 to 680 nm. The extinction variability factor, coefficient of intensity absorption relative and generalized stability factor were used to determine the anthocyanin degradation. The highest values of the stability factor were obtained for the extracts from fruit shells of burgundy or violet color within the range of 0.934±0.024 to 0.973±0.024, while the extracts from flower petals of the same care featured the stability factor that was 1.19 to 1.44 times less. The values of the stability factor of the extracts from black, red and blue materials are 1.15 to 1.19 times, 1.74 to 2.48 times and 4.65 to 4.84 times less respectively than those of the extracts from violet-burgundy materials. It is appropriate to apply the spectrophotometric factors of anthocyanins stability used in this study to selection of promising plants for industrial cultivation as material of anthocyanin-containing herbal preparations. The most stable anthocyanins are those of burgundy-purple and black fruits.
摘要本文旨在分光光度法测定可提取花青素在植物物料干燥过程中随颜色变化的稳定性变化。研究使用了25科50种植物的生的和干的有色部分。提取液在95%乙醇溶液中用盐酸酸化(pH ~ 1)制备,吸收光谱在210 ~ 680 nm范围内。用消光变异性系数、强度吸收相对系数和广义稳定系数来测定花色苷的降解。酒红色和紫罗兰色果壳提取物的稳定系数最高,为0.934±0.024 ~ 0.973±0.024,而相同颜色花瓣提取物的稳定系数为1.19 ~ 1.44倍。黑色、红色和蓝色材料的稳定系数分别是紫红色和酒红色材料的1.15 ~ 1.19倍、1.74 ~ 2.48倍和4.65 ~ 4.84倍。将本研究中采用的花色苷稳定性的分光光度因子应用于工业栽培植物中花色苷类中药制剂原料的选择是合适的。最稳定的花青素是紫红色和黑色水果中的花青素。
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引用次数: 0
Physicochemical analysis of water and sediments of Usuma Dam, Abuja, Nigeria 尼日利亚阿布贾乌苏马大坝水和沉积物的理化分析
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/auoc-2020-0015
I. Ilechukwu, Tolulope Abisola Olusina, O. C. Echeta
Abstract Usuma Dam is the major source of potable water in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. The physicochemical properties of water and sediment of the dam was assessed in this study to determine its quality. Electrical conductivity, pH, nitrate, phosphate, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, chloride, total hardness, phosphate, nitrate and sulfate were determined in the water samples. Total organic matter, total organic carbon and particle size were among the parameters analyzed in sediments. The parameters were within recommended limits except for biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand which were more than the recommended limit of 10 mg/L and 30 mg/L respectively. The total organic matter and the total organic carbon in the sediment samples were between 1.56±0.27 – 2.85±0.20 % and 0.13±0.03 – 0.96±0.03 % respectively. The particle size was in the following order: sand > silt > clay. The results of this study confirmed the presence of high organic and inorganic matter in the dam from non-point pollution sources occasioned by storm water from poorly planned settlements around the dam and runoffs from agricultural practices.
乌苏马大坝是尼日利亚阿布贾联邦首都地区的主要饮用水来源。本研究通过对坝体水和泥沙的理化性质进行评价,确定坝体水质。测定水样中的电导率、pH、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、总溶解固体、总悬浮物、浊度、溶解氧、生化需氧量、化学需氧量、氯化物、总硬度、磷酸盐、硝酸盐和硫酸盐。沉积物中的总有机质、总有机碳和粒度是分析的参数。除生化需氧量和化学需氧量分别超过推荐限值10 mg/L和30 mg/L外,其余参数均在推荐范围内。沉积物样品的总有机质和总有机碳含量分别在1.56±0.27 ~ 2.85±0.20%和0.13±0.03 ~ 0.96±0.03%之间。粒径大小为:砂土>粉砂>粘土。这项研究的结果证实,大坝中存在大量的有机和无机物质,这些物质来自大坝周围规划不周的定居点的雨水和农业活动的径流所引起的非点源污染。
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引用次数: 4
Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of bee pollen extracts from different regions of Algeria 阿尔及利亚不同地区蜂花粉提取物的酚类特征和抗氧化活性
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.2478/auoc-2020-0017
H. Hemmami, Bachir BEN SEGHİR, M. Ben Ali, A. Rebiai, S. Zeghoud, F. Brahmia
Abstract Due to its complex biochemical properties, the bee pollen is considered one of the functional foods. Bee pollen collected from pollen grains from different botanical sources offers almost a full diet such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, minerals. In this study, methanol extracts of 13 honeybee pollen samples were evaluated for flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, quercetin, rutin, vanillin, and naringin were identified as main phenolic compounds in pollen extracts by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The obtained results are: total phenolic content - 379.8 to 915.6 mg GAE/100 g, total flavonoid content - 207.1 to 550 mg QE/100 g, and antioxidant activity - 808.2 to 3311 mg GAE/100 g in bee pollen extracts.
蜂花粉因其复杂的生化特性,被认为是功能性食品之一。从不同植物来源的花粉粒中收集的蜂花粉几乎提供了一个完整的饮食,如碳水化合物,蛋白质,氨基酸,维生素,矿物质。本研究对13种蜜蜂花粉样品的甲醇提取物进行了黄酮、酚类化合物和抗氧化能力的评价。通过高效液相色谱法鉴定花粉提取物中主要的酚类化合物为咖啡酸、绿原酸、香豆酸、对香豆酸、没食子酸、槲皮素、芦丁、香兰素和柚皮苷。结果表明:蜂花粉提取物的总酚含量为379.8 ~ 915.6 mg GAE/100 g,总黄酮含量为207.1 ~ 550 mg QE/100 g,抗氧化活性为808.2 ~ 3311 mg GAE/100 g。
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引用次数: 8
The influence of extraction method on the composition and analgesic activity of Calligonum comosum phenolic extracts 不同提取方法对鸡黄酚类提取物成分及镇痛活性的影响
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/auoc-2020-0007
A. Chouikh, A. Rebiai
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic activity and the effect of extraction methods (ultra-sound: UM and maceration: MM) and solvents (ethanol: EtOH and methanol: MeOH) on the composition of phenolic extracts from Calligonum comosum. The results obtained by HPLC analysis demonstrated that the ethanol extracts have shown the highest content of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Also, the presence of most known phenolic compounds has been identified in all extracts, especially in the MeOH UM extract. The HPLC analysis showed the presence of ascorbic acid in methanol extracts and caffeic acid in ethanol extracts, and the maceration method shows a high concentration of phenolic compounds, the vanillin was detected in MeOH UM and the appearance of chlorogenic acid in UM extracts, finally the emergence of gallic acid, quercetin and rutin in some extracts. According to the results of the analgesic power, the methanolic extract of the maceration method induces a significant decrease in abdominal cramps compared to the control group and the values obtained are very close from those obtained with the standard anti-inflammatory drug (indomethacin). This result confirmed the beneficial effect of this Saharan plant.
摘要:本研究旨在探讨白头草酚类提取物的镇痛活性,以及不同提取方法(超声波:UM和浸水:MM)和溶剂(乙醇:乙醇和甲醇:甲醇)对白头草酚类提取物成分的影响。HPLC分析结果表明,乙醇提取物中总酚和类黄酮含量最高。此外,在所有提取物中都发现了大多数已知的酚类化合物,特别是在MeOH UM提取物中。HPLC分析发现甲醇提取物中存在抗坏血酸,乙醇提取物中存在咖啡酸,浸渍法显示出高浓度的酚类化合物,在MeOH UM中检测到香兰素,在UM提取物中出现绿原酸,最后在部分提取物中出现没食子酸、槲皮素和芦丁。从镇痛力的结果来看,浸泡法的甲醇提取物与对照组相比,腹部痉挛明显减少,与标准抗炎药(吲哚美辛)的结果非常接近。这一结果证实了这种撒哈拉植物的有益作用。
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引用次数: 1
Enhancement of tartaric acid modified washing solutions for lead decontamination of tropical soils 酒石酸改性洗涤液对热带土壤铅污染的增强作用
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/auoc-2020-0006
E. U. Etim
Abstract Tartaric acid is generally not an effective soil washing solution, hence this study focuses on enhancing its usage for soil-Pb decontamination. Three tropical soil types (sandy, clay and loamy) with different lead concentrations were subjected to single batch washing using 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 M tartaric acid with 5% and 10% KCl modification at 3% soil-pulp-density for 2, 6, 12 and 24 h washing time. The optimum washing conditions were 1 M tartaric acid at 24 h washing time, with Pb removal efficiency: sandy- 94.3%, clay-67.6% and loamy-36.8%. Modification of tartaric acid with 5% and 10% KCl brought about some degree of enhancement of Pb removal efficiency especially for clay and loamy soils. Removal efficiency for 5% KCl modification were: sandy-97.9%, clay-96.2% with 1 M tartaric acid at 24 h washing time, loamy-76.7% for 0.5 M tartaric acid. Similarly, 10% KCl modification were: sandy-96.7%, clay-97.2% for 1 M tartaric acid at 24 h, loamy-82.1% for 0.5 M tartaric acid. Removal efficiency was soil concentration dependent. Generally, removal efficiency increased with increasing tartaric acid concentrations and washing time. Tartaric acid washing is promising and recommended in events of moderate contamination and 10% KCl modification in event of high level contamination. Further study is needed on enhancing very low concentrations of tartaric acid for large scale applications.
摘要酒石酸通常不是一种有效的土壤洗剂,因此本研究的重点是提高其在土壤铅净化中的应用。以3种不同铅浓度的热带土壤(砂质、粘土和壤土)为研究对象,分别采用0.01、0.1、0.5和1 M酒石酸、5%和10% KCl改性剂在土壤浆密度为3%的条件下进行单次水洗,水洗时间分别为2、6、12和24 h。最佳洗涤条件为酒石酸浓度为1 M,洗涤时间为24 h,对铅的去除率为砂质94.3%,粘土67.6%,壤土36.8%。用5%和10% KCl对酒石酸进行改性,可在一定程度上提高对铅的去除效率,特别是对粘土和壤土。5% KCl改性的去除率分别为:砂质-97.9%、粘土-96.2% (1 M酒石酸)和壤土-76.7% (0.5 M酒石酸)。同样,10%的KCl改性为:砂质-96.7%,粘土-97.2%,0.5 M酒石酸-82.1%。去除率与土壤浓度有关。一般来说,随着酒石酸浓度的增加和洗涤时间的延长,去除效率也随之提高。酒石酸洗涤是很有前途的,建议在中度污染的情况下使用,在高度污染的情况下使用10%的氯化钾改性。为了大规模应用,还需要进一步研究如何增强极低浓度酒石酸。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence and sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons in anthropogenic impacted soils from petroleum tank-farms in the Niger Delta, Nigeria 尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲油罐农场人为影响土壤中脂肪族烃的发生和来源
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/auoc-2020-0022
O. O. Emoyan, Chiedu C. Ikechukwu, G. Tesi
Abstract The occurrence and compositional pattern of priority pollutants are vital in understanding the anthropogenic contributions, origin, and risks of these pollutants to the surrounding environment. Thus, the focus of this study was to determine the concentrations, compositional profiles, and sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHCs) in anthropogenic impacted soils from petroleum tank-farms environment in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Forty-five soil samples were collected from the vicinity of petroleum tank-farms at the top (0-15 cm), sub (15-30 cm), and bottom (30-45 cm) soil depths. The concentration of AHCs was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) after extraction by ultrasonication with hexane/dichloromethane and clean-up in silica gel/alumina packed column. The mean concentrations of AHCs in the samples ranged from 0.52 ± 0.90 to 35.26 ± 35.69 mg/kg. The AHCs results show that the equivalent carbon number index (ECn-) ECn-13-35 had the highest concentration when compared to ECn-8-12 and ECn-36-40. The linear regression and ANOVA indicate that there is no significant positive correlation between TOC and the total concentration of AHCs in the soil profiles, and a significant variation in AHCs levels between soil profiles respectively. Results also showed that soils from the tank-farms are moderately contaminated with AHCs when compared to the UNEP recommended limit. However, when compared to other regulatory thresholds, the observed concentrations of AHCs, human and environmental health risks are likely. Source apportionments depict that the principal sources of AHCs were petrogenic and plant diagenesis. Appropriate clean-up and mitigation measures and further study to determine the occurrence, composition, and exposure risks of other priority pollutants in water and sediment samples from the surrounding creeks should be determined.
重点污染物的发生和组成模式对于了解这些污染物对周围环境的人为贡献、来源和风险至关重要。因此,本研究的重点是确定尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲石油储罐农场环境中人为影响土壤中脂肪烃(AHCs)的浓度、组成剖面和来源。在油罐农场附近的上(0-15 cm)、下(15-30 cm)和下(30-45 cm)土壤深度采集了45个土壤样品。采用正己烷/二氯甲烷超声提取,硅胶/氧化铝填充柱净化后,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定AHCs的浓度。样品中AHCs的平均浓度为0.52±0.90 ~ 35.26±35.69 mg/kg。AHCs结果表明,ECn-13-35的等效碳数指数(ECn-)浓度高于ECn-8-12和ECn-36-40。线性回归和方差分析结果表明,TOC与土壤剖面中AHCs总浓度之间不存在显著正相关关系,AHCs含量在土壤剖面之间存在显著差异。结果还表明,与联合国环境规划署建议的限值相比,储罐农场的土壤受到AHCs的中度污染。然而,与其他监管阈值相比,观察到的AHCs浓度可能对人类和环境健康造成风险。烃源分析表明,AHCs的主要来源为成岩作用和植物成岩作用。应确定适当的清理和缓解措施,并进行进一步研究,以确定周围溪流的水和沉积物样本中其他优先污染物的发生、组成和暴露风险。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry
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