A. Anghel, Daniela Jitariu, D. Nadolu, Zoia Zamfir, E. Ilişiu
Abstract The benefits of human consumption of goat's milk are given by the presence in this milk of short-chain fatty acids (approximately 20% are short-chain fatty acids) and medium-chain fatty acids (55%), this milk being easier to digest. An important qualitative indicator of goat's milk with technological, nutritional and dietary impact is the fat content. Our data show that the percentage of milk fat increases immediately after parturition, then decreases for most of the lactation. This is due to two factors: a diluting effect, by increasing the volume of milk to the maximum level of lactation and a decreasing effect of lipid mobilization, which leads to a decrease in the plasma level of unesterified fatty acids (especially C18:0 and C18:1), with a role in lipid synthesis in the mammary gland. From the third month of lactation, the average daily amount of milking milk undergoes only slight variations. Also, the fat and protein percentage remain relatively constant during June-August. In summer there was an increase in the levels of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids and of conjugated linoleic acids in milk, compared to spring. Our results indicate that multiparous Carpathian breed females, whose food comes mostly from grazing, produce milk during the summer with a ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 below 4.
{"title":"Considerations on goat milk biochemical composition","authors":"A. Anghel, Daniela Jitariu, D. Nadolu, Zoia Zamfir, E. Ilişiu","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The benefits of human consumption of goat's milk are given by the presence in this milk of short-chain fatty acids (approximately 20% are short-chain fatty acids) and medium-chain fatty acids (55%), this milk being easier to digest. An important qualitative indicator of goat's milk with technological, nutritional and dietary impact is the fat content. Our data show that the percentage of milk fat increases immediately after parturition, then decreases for most of the lactation. This is due to two factors: a diluting effect, by increasing the volume of milk to the maximum level of lactation and a decreasing effect of lipid mobilization, which leads to a decrease in the plasma level of unesterified fatty acids (especially C18:0 and C18:1), with a role in lipid synthesis in the mammary gland. From the third month of lactation, the average daily amount of milking milk undergoes only slight variations. Also, the fat and protein percentage remain relatively constant during June-August. In summer there was an increase in the levels of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids and of conjugated linoleic acids in milk, compared to spring. Our results indicate that multiparous Carpathian breed females, whose food comes mostly from grazing, produce milk during the summer with a ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 below 4.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82512595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Rechargeable lighting devices are used in Nigeria as alternative source of lighting due to epileptic power supply. They contain printed wiring board, battery and plastic casings containing heavy metals. This waste category is often neglected and disposed of with household garbage with concomitant deleterious consequences on environment. We estimated quantities, disposal methods and concentrations of selected metals in some components of 34 waste rechargeable lighting devices in Nigeria. Estimated quantities and disposal methods were carried out through online survey. Leached metals were prepared and analyzed using standard methods. Approximately 6000 tons/year of waste rechargeable lighting devices were estimated. An average life span of 9 months and 4 rechargeable lighting devices were estimated to be used per household in Nigeria. The commonest disposal method was with household garbage. Lead and copper contents on the boards and Pb in battery electrodes were far higher than permissible limits. All metals determined in plastic casings were within permissible limits. High lead and copper contents in some components makes waste rechargeable lighting devices to be regarded as hazardous materials and should be handled with care at disposal.
{"title":"Estimation of quantities, metal concentrations in components and management of waste rechargeable lighting devices in Nigeria","authors":"G. Adie, I. B. Onyebuenyi","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rechargeable lighting devices are used in Nigeria as alternative source of lighting due to epileptic power supply. They contain printed wiring board, battery and plastic casings containing heavy metals. This waste category is often neglected and disposed of with household garbage with concomitant deleterious consequences on environment. We estimated quantities, disposal methods and concentrations of selected metals in some components of 34 waste rechargeable lighting devices in Nigeria. Estimated quantities and disposal methods were carried out through online survey. Leached metals were prepared and analyzed using standard methods. Approximately 6000 tons/year of waste rechargeable lighting devices were estimated. An average life span of 9 months and 4 rechargeable lighting devices were estimated to be used per household in Nigeria. The commonest disposal method was with household garbage. Lead and copper contents on the boards and Pb in battery electrodes were far higher than permissible limits. All metals determined in plastic casings were within permissible limits. High lead and copper contents in some components makes waste rechargeable lighting devices to be regarded as hazardous materials and should be handled with care at disposal.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73221248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The use of the cell block in the cytology laboratory can be a routine procedure, having an important role in establishing the diagnosis and also in performing additional tests without the need for additional sampling of biological material. Numerous attempts have been made to modify and improve the cell block over the years, however, obtaining a cell block from a fluid biological product is a current challenge because lack of cell adhesion to a tissue remains the most common reason for dissatisfaction among cytopathologists. Although various methods for obtaining cell blocks have been proposed and described in the literature, it is noted that each of them has a disadvantage, in addition to advantages. Thus, in this study we propose a new method that eliminates in turn the disadvantages of other methods, obtaining an increase in cell densities, can apply additional testing applications, while minimizing laboratory costs.
{"title":"A new technique of performing the cell block using egg whites","authors":"A. Crétu, L. Mocanu, Anna Sora, A. Nicolau","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of the cell block in the cytology laboratory can be a routine procedure, having an important role in establishing the diagnosis and also in performing additional tests without the need for additional sampling of biological material. Numerous attempts have been made to modify and improve the cell block over the years, however, obtaining a cell block from a fluid biological product is a current challenge because lack of cell adhesion to a tissue remains the most common reason for dissatisfaction among cytopathologists. Although various methods for obtaining cell blocks have been proposed and described in the literature, it is noted that each of them has a disadvantage, in addition to advantages. Thus, in this study we propose a new method that eliminates in turn the disadvantages of other methods, obtaining an increase in cell densities, can apply additional testing applications, while minimizing laboratory costs.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90793489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical properties, antibacterial and anti free-radical activities of Retama raetam extracts which is growing in the South-East of the Algeria Desert. The chemical screening showed the presence of many secondary metabolites such as tannins catechin, sterols and terpenes, and the absence of gallic tannins compounds. The obtained results demonstrated that the methanolic extract has shown moderate total phenolic and flavonoids contents (31.59 ± 2.82 mg AG E/g extract and 14.35 ±1.02 mg Qu E/g extract respectively). In the free radical DPPH test, the values of IC50 were converging in all extracts of R. raetam. The antibacterial activity of extracts has been tested against ten bacterial strains, were registered as the best inhibition zones with Vibrio cholera, Micrococcus luteus and Serratia marcescen. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 strains showed high resistance against most of all concentrations of extracts, and we noted the Gram-negative bacteria strains are the most sensitive to the different extracts of the plant. The qualitative analysis of extracts by using HPLC showed the contrast in presence of the phenolic compounds, such as in ethyl acetate extract registered absence of chlorogenic acid, also the absence of caffeic acid in 1-butanol extract. These results confirmed of the phenolic extracts of this plant are a source natural alternative to antibiotics and antioxidants.
摘要本研究旨在评价生长在阿尔及利亚沙漠东南部的雷塔马提取物的植物化学性质、抗菌和抗自由基活性。化学筛选显示存在许多次级代谢物，如单宁、儿茶素、甾醇和萜烯，没有没食子单宁化合物。结果表明，甲醇提取物的总酚和总黄酮含量适中(分别为31.59±2.82 mg AG E/g和14.35±1.02 mg Qu E/g)。在自由基DPPH试验中，各提取物的IC50值趋于一致。对10种细菌进行了抑菌试验，对霍乱弧菌、黄体微球菌和粘质沙雷氏菌均有较好的抑菌效果。铜绿假单胞菌ATCC 27853和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 25923菌株对大多数浓度的提取物均表现出较高的抗性，革兰氏阴性菌菌株对不同浓度的提取物最敏感。采用高效液相色谱法对提取物进行定性分析，发现乙酸乙酯提取物中不含绿原酸，1-丁醇提取物中不含咖啡酸。这些结果证实了这种植物的酚类提取物是抗生素和抗氧化剂的天然替代品。
{"title":"Phytochemical properties, antibacterial and anti-free radical activities of the phenolic extracts of Retama raetam (Forssk) Webb. & Berthel. collected from Algeria Desert","authors":"A. Chouikh, F. Alia","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical properties, antibacterial and anti free-radical activities of Retama raetam extracts which is growing in the South-East of the Algeria Desert. The chemical screening showed the presence of many secondary metabolites such as tannins catechin, sterols and terpenes, and the absence of gallic tannins compounds. The obtained results demonstrated that the methanolic extract has shown moderate total phenolic and flavonoids contents (31.59 ± 2.82 mg AG E/g extract and 14.35 ±1.02 mg Qu E/g extract respectively). In the free radical DPPH test, the values of IC50 were converging in all extracts of R. raetam. The antibacterial activity of extracts has been tested against ten bacterial strains, were registered as the best inhibition zones with Vibrio cholera, Micrococcus luteus and Serratia marcescen. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 strains showed high resistance against most of all concentrations of extracts, and we noted the Gram-negative bacteria strains are the most sensitive to the different extracts of the plant. The qualitative analysis of extracts by using HPLC showed the contrast in presence of the phenolic compounds, such as in ethyl acetate extract registered absence of chlorogenic acid, also the absence of caffeic acid in 1-butanol extract. These results confirmed of the phenolic extracts of this plant are a source natural alternative to antibiotics and antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83134813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Viscosity is an important property of fuels used for diesel engine affecting engine’s efficiency and harmful gases emission. Viscosity of liquid fuels depends especially on fuels composition and temperature. The dynamic viscosity of diesel fuel, biodiesel and blends of diesel with biodiesel, i-propanol and n-butanol was measured for temperature ranging from 293.15 K to 323.15 K and atmospheric pressure. It has been verified that well-known Arrhenius derived equations can be used to estimate with good accuracy, viscosity at different temperatures for diesel, biodiesel, diesel+biodiesel blends, but also for diesel blends with propanol and butanol. Values of activation parameters: activation energy, activation enthalpy and activation entropy for the viscous flow were derived based on linearized Eyring’s type equation. The values of the activation energy for viscous flow of fuels and fuels blends calculated based on measured values of dynamic viscosity in the temperature range of 273.15 K and 323.15 K were similar to those presented in the literature for some hydrocarbons, esters, and alcohols, respectively.
{"title":"Dynamic viscosity dependence on temperature for fuels used for diesel engine","authors":"I. Niță, Sibel Osman, O. Iulian","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2021-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2021-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Viscosity is an important property of fuels used for diesel engine affecting engine’s efficiency and harmful gases emission. Viscosity of liquid fuels depends especially on fuels composition and temperature. The dynamic viscosity of diesel fuel, biodiesel and blends of diesel with biodiesel, i-propanol and n-butanol was measured for temperature ranging from 293.15 K to 323.15 K and atmospheric pressure. It has been verified that well-known Arrhenius derived equations can be used to estimate with good accuracy, viscosity at different temperatures for diesel, biodiesel, diesel+biodiesel blends, but also for diesel blends with propanol and butanol. Values of activation parameters: activation energy, activation enthalpy and activation entropy for the viscous flow were derived based on linearized Eyring’s type equation. The values of the activation energy for viscous flow of fuels and fuels blends calculated based on measured values of dynamic viscosity in the temperature range of 273.15 K and 323.15 K were similar to those presented in the literature for some hydrocarbons, esters, and alcohols, respectively.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79006774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract It is of paramount concern that some leather tanneries around the world are disposing waste in environment which are a cause of destruction of flora and fauna in vicinity. Especially chrome tanning poses a major threat due to the release of chromium in wastewater (WW). Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) is a potential carcinogen and thus demands stern quality control measures. The present investigations focused on the quality of WW released from leather tanneries of two cities i.e., Sheihupura and Kasur, Pakistan, and its effect on the vicinal flora. Cr6+ and total chromium (Cr) in all the samples were determined through UV visible spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Wastewater samples (WWS) were collected at head and at a distance of 50 – 200 m at specific intervals, at edge and inward towards middle of WW streams. WWS of both Sheihupura and Kasur tanneries showed comparable Cr6+ content at head but much higher total Cr (in parenthesis) in later i.e., 89.7 ppm (1440.57 ppm) and 94.9 ppm (3527.95 ppm). Cr6+ content declined inward stream and with the increasing distance down the stream falling exponentially in Sheikupura and steeply at Kasur. The soil samples (SS) at 3 m i.e., at edge of WW streams showed higher Cr6+ content for Sheikhupura than WWS i.e., 94.8 ppm (1041.8 ppm) falling with distance to 44.8 ppm at 150 m. It is less at Kasur i.e., 80.5 ppm (4465.9 ppm) falling sharply with distance at 150 m to 25.1 ppm. This showed buildup of Cr6+ ions in soil of Sheikupura with time. As the distance off stream on the ground increased, both Cr6+ and the total Cr declined and much more at Kasur site i.e., 23.8 ppm (880 ppm) and reached close to Sheikhupura 32.7 ppm (610 ppm) at 150 m. Plausibly, the Sheikhupura tannery is older and/or the soil in vicinal area is more porous. Plant vegetation examined in soil at edge only, show the uptake of both Cr6+ and total Cr. Roots and grass leaf at Sheikhupura and the potato leaf at Kasur showed the highest Cr6+ uptake of the total Cr i.e., 4.6% 3.5% and 6.4 %, respectively. The results show that tanneries WW has drastically affected soil and consequently the plants with Cr6+ ions and total Cr above the permissible levels of 0.1 ppm. To ratiocinate, these will finally incorporate in food chain ultimately damaging the fauna and henceforth calls for adoption of effective removal methodologies and greener routes for a sustainable environment.
{"title":"Impacts of tanneries wastewater on the vicinal flora of Sheikhupura and Kasur, Pakistan","authors":"S. E. Benjamin, M. Nishat","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2021-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2021-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is of paramount concern that some leather tanneries around the world are disposing waste in environment which are a cause of destruction of flora and fauna in vicinity. Especially chrome tanning poses a major threat due to the release of chromium in wastewater (WW). Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) is a potential carcinogen and thus demands stern quality control measures. The present investigations focused on the quality of WW released from leather tanneries of two cities i.e., Sheihupura and Kasur, Pakistan, and its effect on the vicinal flora. Cr6+ and total chromium (Cr) in all the samples were determined through UV visible spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Wastewater samples (WWS) were collected at head and at a distance of 50 – 200 m at specific intervals, at edge and inward towards middle of WW streams. WWS of both Sheihupura and Kasur tanneries showed comparable Cr6+ content at head but much higher total Cr (in parenthesis) in later i.e., 89.7 ppm (1440.57 ppm) and 94.9 ppm (3527.95 ppm). Cr6+ content declined inward stream and with the increasing distance down the stream falling exponentially in Sheikupura and steeply at Kasur. The soil samples (SS) at 3 m i.e., at edge of WW streams showed higher Cr6+ content for Sheikhupura than WWS i.e., 94.8 ppm (1041.8 ppm) falling with distance to 44.8 ppm at 150 m. It is less at Kasur i.e., 80.5 ppm (4465.9 ppm) falling sharply with distance at 150 m to 25.1 ppm. This showed buildup of Cr6+ ions in soil of Sheikupura with time. As the distance off stream on the ground increased, both Cr6+ and the total Cr declined and much more at Kasur site i.e., 23.8 ppm (880 ppm) and reached close to Sheikhupura 32.7 ppm (610 ppm) at 150 m. Plausibly, the Sheikhupura tannery is older and/or the soil in vicinal area is more porous. Plant vegetation examined in soil at edge only, show the uptake of both Cr6+ and total Cr. Roots and grass leaf at Sheikhupura and the potato leaf at Kasur showed the highest Cr6+ uptake of the total Cr i.e., 4.6% 3.5% and 6.4 %, respectively. The results show that tanneries WW has drastically affected soil and consequently the plants with Cr6+ ions and total Cr above the permissible levels of 0.1 ppm. To ratiocinate, these will finally incorporate in food chain ultimately damaging the fauna and henceforth calls for adoption of effective removal methodologies and greener routes for a sustainable environment.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85991293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study determined the spatial compositional occurrence, sources, and the associated risks of sixteen priority PAHs in soil depths from the selected land-use environments. Samples were collected from nine generator land-use sites in the top (0-15 cm) and sub (15-30 cm) soil depths. Sample extraction was by ultrasonication with dichloromethane/n-hexane and clean-up in silica gel/alumina packed column. The level of PAHs was determined using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The concentrations of PAHs isomers and the Σ 16 PAHs ranged from ND to 16876 μg·kg−1, and from 346 to 44052 μg·kg−1 respectively. The Σ 16PAHs occurrence showed concentration load in the order of subsoil > topsoil. The ΣPAHs concentrations exceeded the DPR-EGAPSIN target and intervention value in 91% and 11% of the samples respectively. The total cancer risk ranged from low to moderate risk-based levels. The PAHs sources were attributed to low and high petroleum combustion emissions and stationary sources around the diesel combustion electricity generator in the land-use sites. This study revealed that the land-use activities associated with diesel combustion have contributed a significant amount of Σ16PAHs to the pollution load in the land-use sites with potential for ecological and human exposure risks.
{"title":"Quantification, sources, and associated risks of 16-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from selected land-use impacted soils","authors":"O. O. Emoyan, G. Tesi, E. Ohwo, Eze W. Odali","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study determined the spatial compositional occurrence, sources, and the associated risks of sixteen priority PAHs in soil depths from the selected land-use environments. Samples were collected from nine generator land-use sites in the top (0-15 cm) and sub (15-30 cm) soil depths. Sample extraction was by ultrasonication with dichloromethane/n-hexane and clean-up in silica gel/alumina packed column. The level of PAHs was determined using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The concentrations of PAHs isomers and the Σ 16 PAHs ranged from ND to 16876 μg·kg−1, and from 346 to 44052 μg·kg−1 respectively. The Σ 16PAHs occurrence showed concentration load in the order of subsoil > topsoil. The ΣPAHs concentrations exceeded the DPR-EGAPSIN target and intervention value in 91% and 11% of the samples respectively. The total cancer risk ranged from low to moderate risk-based levels. The PAHs sources were attributed to low and high petroleum combustion emissions and stationary sources around the diesel combustion electricity generator in the land-use sites. This study revealed that the land-use activities associated with diesel combustion have contributed a significant amount of Σ16PAHs to the pollution load in the land-use sites with potential for ecological and human exposure risks.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75032082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ikese, P. A. Adie, Christie A Adah, Raphael Amokaha, Grace Abu, Timothy K. Yager
Abstract The levels of some heavy metals in spent engine oils and in the fingernails of auto-mechanics were studied. Engine oils and fingernails were collected from auto-mechanics who had practiced between ≤ 5 years, ≤ 10 years and ≤ 15 years in 3 auto-mechanic workshop clusters. Pb, Ni, V, Cd, and As levels were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean levels of Pb, Ni, V and Cd in spent engine oils were 14.31, 2.25, 0.38 and 2.07 ppm respectively, and these far exceeded their permissible exposure limits. The mean levels of heavy metals in the fingernails of auto-mechanics who had practiced for ≤ 5 years, ≤ 10 years and ≤ 15 years were all considerably below their pathological thresholds. Thus, auto-mechanics in the study area are exposed to unsafe levels of Pb, Ni, V, and Cd, but no immediate threat of their toxicities in the study population exist. However, a progressive bioaccumulation of the heavy metals was observed with increase in years of practice.
{"title":"Heavy metal levels in spent engine oils and fingernails of auto-mechanics","authors":"C. Ikese, P. A. Adie, Christie A Adah, Raphael Amokaha, Grace Abu, Timothy K. Yager","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The levels of some heavy metals in spent engine oils and in the fingernails of auto-mechanics were studied. Engine oils and fingernails were collected from auto-mechanics who had practiced between ≤ 5 years, ≤ 10 years and ≤ 15 years in 3 auto-mechanic workshop clusters. Pb, Ni, V, Cd, and As levels were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean levels of Pb, Ni, V and Cd in spent engine oils were 14.31, 2.25, 0.38 and 2.07 ppm respectively, and these far exceeded their permissible exposure limits. The mean levels of heavy metals in the fingernails of auto-mechanics who had practiced for ≤ 5 years, ≤ 10 years and ≤ 15 years were all considerably below their pathological thresholds. Thus, auto-mechanics in the study area are exposed to unsafe levels of Pb, Ni, V, and Cd, but no immediate threat of their toxicities in the study population exist. However, a progressive bioaccumulation of the heavy metals was observed with increase in years of practice.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86066963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study aims to reveal the antioxidant activity and phenolic ingredients of yogurts added with black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) honey. Therefore, this study aimed to produce healthy food made with black cumin honey with increased total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. The effect of varying degrees of black cumin honey addition (0, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%) on the antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of yogurt were examined for 28 days. The antioxidant activity was found between 14.33 and 17.41 mM TE. Total phenolic compounds were between 202.50 and 1415.00 mg GAE/kg. Some important differences were determined between yogurts with black cumin honey and the control with respect to phenolic contents during storage (p < 0.05). The results of study reveal that the augmentation of fortification rate increased the total phenolic characteristic and antioxidant activity of yogurt with black cumin honey. Significantly, these outcomes indicate that yogurt with black cumin honey have a high level of polyphenols and could be consumed as bioactive composition.
{"title":"Determination of antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents in yogurt added with black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) honey","authors":"Ö. Okur","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to reveal the antioxidant activity and phenolic ingredients of yogurts added with black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) honey. Therefore, this study aimed to produce healthy food made with black cumin honey with increased total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. The effect of varying degrees of black cumin honey addition (0, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%) on the antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of yogurt were examined for 28 days. The antioxidant activity was found between 14.33 and 17.41 mM TE. Total phenolic compounds were between 202.50 and 1415.00 mg GAE/kg. Some important differences were determined between yogurts with black cumin honey and the control with respect to phenolic contents during storage (p < 0.05). The results of study reveal that the augmentation of fortification rate increased the total phenolic characteristic and antioxidant activity of yogurt with black cumin honey. Significantly, these outcomes indicate that yogurt with black cumin honey have a high level of polyphenols and could be consumed as bioactive composition.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76878449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In Nigeria, there is still a scarcity of data on the recovery of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Salmonella in chicken meat. Hence this study characterized the probable multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Salmonella prevalent in chilled raw chicken meat vended in Nigerian markets. Detection of Salmonella was performed by meat rinse centrifugation-plating technique. Presumptive Salmonella colonies were identified by phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The confirmed Salmonella isolates were tested for multidrug resistance by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion test. Detection and confirmation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes were performed by double disc synergy and combination disc tests. PCR and DNA sequencing of the ESBL-encoding genes (blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M) were also performed. The conserved and three-dimensional (3D) domains in ESBLs were respectively characterized by the reverse position-specific BLAST (RPS-BLAST) and Cn3D modeling tool. Of the 229 presumptive Salmonella isolates examined, 52 isolates were confirmed as Salmonella species, 46 isolates were multidrug-resistant and 41 isolates confirmed as multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Salmonella species. The main serotypes were Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (35/52; 67.31%) and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (17/52; 32.69%). Overall, the prevalence of chilled raw chicken meat contaminated with Salmonella was estimated at 0.17 (40/240). This value of prevalence exceeded the limits (≤ 0.1) set by the Meat Industry Guide, United Kingdom. All CTX-M, TEM, and SHV beta-lactamases produced by the Salmonella isolates were confirmed by RPS-BLAST and Cn3D modeling tool as serine-based hydrolases that consisted of two 3D domains with unique ligands such as sodium ion, formic acid, and glycerol. This study showed that multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Salmonella was widespread in raw chicken meat vended in Nigerian markets. Thus, there is a need for relevant regulatory agencies to enforce safety.
{"title":"Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Salmonella prevalent in raw chicken meat vended in Nigerian markets","authors":"G. I. Ogu, F. I. Akinnibosun, O. Imade","doi":"10.2478/auoc-2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Nigeria, there is still a scarcity of data on the recovery of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Salmonella in chicken meat. Hence this study characterized the probable multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Salmonella prevalent in chilled raw chicken meat vended in Nigerian markets. Detection of Salmonella was performed by meat rinse centrifugation-plating technique. Presumptive Salmonella colonies were identified by phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The confirmed Salmonella isolates were tested for multidrug resistance by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion test. Detection and confirmation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes were performed by double disc synergy and combination disc tests. PCR and DNA sequencing of the ESBL-encoding genes (blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M) were also performed. The conserved and three-dimensional (3D) domains in ESBLs were respectively characterized by the reverse position-specific BLAST (RPS-BLAST) and Cn3D modeling tool. Of the 229 presumptive Salmonella isolates examined, 52 isolates were confirmed as Salmonella species, 46 isolates were multidrug-resistant and 41 isolates confirmed as multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Salmonella species. The main serotypes were Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (35/52; 67.31%) and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (17/52; 32.69%). Overall, the prevalence of chilled raw chicken meat contaminated with Salmonella was estimated at 0.17 (40/240). This value of prevalence exceeded the limits (≤ 0.1) set by the Meat Industry Guide, United Kingdom. All CTX-M, TEM, and SHV beta-lactamases produced by the Salmonella isolates were confirmed by RPS-BLAST and Cn3D modeling tool as serine-based hydrolases that consisted of two 3D domains with unique ligands such as sodium ion, formic acid, and glycerol. This study showed that multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Salmonella was widespread in raw chicken meat vended in Nigerian markets. Thus, there is a need for relevant regulatory agencies to enforce safety.","PeriodicalId":19641,"journal":{"name":"Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76645439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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