Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献_第7页

In utero nicotine exposure affects murine palate development 子宫内尼古丁暴露会影响小鼠上颚的发育。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12844

Heema Vyas, Amr Mohi, Mark Boyce, Emily L. Durham, James J. Cray

Objectives

Despite data linking smoking to increased risk of fetal morbidity and mortality, 11% of pregnant women continue to smoke or use alternative nicotine products. Studies confirm that nicotine exposure during pregnancy increases the incidence of birth defects; however, little research has focused on specific anatomic areas based on timing of exposure. We aim to determine critical in utero and postnatal periods of nicotine exposure that affect craniofacial development, specifically palate growth. Malformation of the palatal structures can result in numerous complications including facial growth disturbance, or impeding airway function. We hypothesized that both in utero and postnatal nicotine exposure will alter palate development.

Materials and Methods

We administered pregnant C57BL6 mice water supplemented with 100 μg/mL nicotine during early pregnancy, throughout pregnancy, during pregnancy and lactation, or lactation only. Postnatal day 15 pups underwent micro-computed tomography (μCT) analyses specific to the palate.

Results

Resultant pups revealed significant differences in body weight from lactation-only nicotine exposure, and μCT investigation revealed several dimensions affected by lactation-only nicotine exposure, including palate width, palate and cranial base lengths, and mid-palatal suture width.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate the direct effects of nicotine on the developing palate beyond simple tobacco use. Nicotine exposure through tobacco alternatives, cessation methods, and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may disrupt normal growth and development of the palate during development and the postnatal periods of breastfeeding. Due to the recent dramatic increase in the use of ENDS, future research will focus specifically on this nicotine delivery method.

目标：尽管有数据表明吸烟会增加胎儿发病率和死亡率，但仍有 11% 的孕妇继续吸烟或使用尼古丁替代产品。研究证实，孕期接触尼古丁会增加出生缺陷的发生率；然而，很少有研究根据接触尼古丁的时间来关注特定的解剖区域。我们的目标是确定子宫内和出生后尼古丁暴露的关键时期，这些时期会影响颅面部的发育，特别是腭部的生长。腭部结构畸形可导致多种并发症，包括面部发育障碍或阻碍气道功能。我们假设，子宫内和出生后尼古丁暴露都会改变腭部发育：我们在妊娠早期、整个妊娠期、妊娠期和哺乳期或仅哺乳期给妊娠的 C57BL6 小鼠喂食添加了 100 μg/mL 尼古丁的水。出生后第15天的幼鼠接受了专门针对腭部的微型计算机断层扫描（μCT）分析：结果：幼鼠的体重与只在哺乳期接触尼古丁的幼鼠有显著差异，μCT调查显示，只在哺乳期接触尼古丁会影响幼鼠的几个维度，包括腭宽、腭和颅底长度以及腭中缝宽度：这些结果表明，尼古丁对发育中的上颚的直接影响超出了单纯的烟草使用。通过烟草替代品、戒烟方法和电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS）接触尼古丁可能会破坏发育期和产后哺乳期腭部的正常生长和发育。由于电子尼古丁释放系统（ENDS）的使用最近急剧增加，未来的研究将特别关注这种尼古丁释放方法。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of palate morphology in patients treated with leaf expander and hyrax expander: A geometric morphometric analysis 评估使用叶片扩张器和hyrax扩张器治疗的患者的腭部形态：几何形态计量分析。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12839

Francesca Silvestrini-Biavati, Giorgio Oliva, Luis Huanca Ghislanzoni, Elisa Ottonelli, Domenico Dalessandri, Valentina Lanteri, Alessandro Ugolini

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in shape of the palatal vault after maxillary expansion with hyrax expander (HE) and leaf expander (LE), using 3D Geometric Morphometric Analysis.

Setting and Sample Population

Overall, 250 patients (110 M, 140 F) with maxillary transverse deficiency were selected for this study. In this study, 127 subjects were treated with HE, 123 with LE.

Materials and Methods

Digital dental models were obtained pre-treatment (T0) and after 12 months from the cementation of the device (T1) and processed by means of a digital scanner. Linear and morphometric analyses were conducted to determine the effects of each appliance on dental measurements and palatal shape, and a multiple linear regression was performed to analyse the influence of anchorage and appliance type on final shape.

Results

Morphometric analysis showed that there was a lowering of the palatal vault in the HE group, while in the LE group it remained unchanged: the difference in palatal shape at time T0 and T1 was statistically significant in both treatments (HE vs. LE). In the HE group, the change in shape also included the upper part of the palatal vault in the vertical dimension, while in the LE group the change in shape interested mainly palatal shelves and the lower portion of the palate.

Conclusions

Both LE and HE produce clinically significant changes in the morphology of the palatal vault.

研究目的本研究的目的是使用三维几何形态计量分析法，评估上颌扩容器（HE）和叶状扩容器（LE）扩容后腭部穹顶形状的变化：本研究共选取了 250 名上颌骨横向缺损患者（110 名男性，140 名女性）。在这项研究中，127 名患者接受了 HE 治疗，123 名患者接受了 LE 治疗：在治疗前（T0）和装置粘接 12 个月后（T1）获得数字牙科模型，并通过数字扫描仪进行处理。进行线性和形态计量分析以确定每种矫治器对牙齿测量和腭部形态的影响，并进行多元线性回归分析锚定和矫治器类型对最终形态的影响：形态计量分析表明，HE 组的腭穹有所降低，而 LE 组的腭穹保持不变：两种治疗方法（HE 与 LE）在 T0 和 T1 时的腭形差异均有显著的统计学意义。在 HE 组中，腭穹上部在垂直维度上的形状也发生了变化，而在 LE 组中，腭穹上部和下部的形状主要发生了变化：结论：LE和HE都会使腭穹的形态发生明显的临床变化。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical and preclinical evidence on the bioeffects and movement-related implications of photobiomodulation in the orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review 关于光生物调制在牙齿矫正中的生物效应和移动相关影响的临床和临床前证据：系统综述。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12841

Aline Gonçalves, Francisca Monteiro, Sara Brantuas, Priscilla Basset, Alejandro Estevez, Filipe S. Silva, Teresa Pinho

Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been demonstrated as a non-invasive and painless technique with great potential to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, there is a great inconsistency among PBM protocols and reported outcomes, probably due to the poor translatability of preclinical knowledge into early clinical practice. Hence, this review aims to fill this gap by establishing the state-of-the-art on both preclinical and clinical applications of PBM, and by comprehensively discussing the most suitable stimulation protocols described in the literature. This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases using a combination of keywords. Only studies written in English were eligible and no time limit was applied. A total of 69 studies were selected for this review. The revised literature describes that PBM can effectively reduce orthodontic treatment time and produce analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. We found that PBM of 640 ± 25, 830 ± 20 and 960 ± 20 nm, delivered at a minimum energy density per irradiation point of 5 J/cm² daily or every other day sessions is robustly associated with increased tooth movement rate. Pain relief seems to be achieved with lower irradiation doses compared to those required for OTM acceleration. For the first time, the bioeffects induced by PBM for the acceleration of OTM are comprehensively discussed from a translational point of view. Collectively, the evidence from preclinical and clinical trials supports the use of PBM as a coadjuvant in orthodontics for enhancing tooth movement and managing treatment-associated discomfort. Overall, the revised studies indicate that optimal PBM parameters to stimulate tissue remodelling are wavelengths of 830 ± 20 nm and energy densities of 5–70 J/cm² applied daily or every other day can maximize the OTM rate, while lower doses (up to 16 J/cm² per session) delivered in non-consecutive days seem to be optimal for inducing analgesic effects. Future research should focus on optimizing laser parameters and treatment protocols customized for tooth and movement type. By fine-tuning laser parameters, clinicians can potentially reduce treatment times, improve patient comfort and achieve more predictable outcomes, making orthodontic care more efficient and patient-friendly, thus consolidating PBM usage in orthodontics.

光生物调制（PBM）已被证明是一种无创、无痛的技术，在加速正畸牙齿移动（OTM）方面具有巨大潜力。然而，可能是由于临床前知识在早期临床实践中的可转化性较差，PBM 方案和报告结果之间存在很大的不一致性。因此，本综述旨在通过确定 PBM 临床前和临床应用的最新进展，并全面讨论文献中描述的最合适的刺激方案来填补这一空白。本综述根据 PRISMA 指南进行。我们结合关键词在 PubMed、Scopus 和 Cochrane 数据库中进行了文献检索。只有用英语撰写的研究才符合条件，且没有时间限制。本综述共选取了 69 项研究。修订后的文献指出，PBM 可以有效缩短正畸治疗时间，并产生镇痛和抗炎作用。我们发现，波长为 640 ± 25、830 ± 20 和 960 ± 20 纳米的 PBM（每个照射点的最小能量密度为 5 焦耳/平方厘米，每天或每隔一天照射一次）与牙齿移动率的提高密切相关。与加速 OTM 所需的剂量相比，较低的照射剂量似乎就能缓解疼痛。这是第一次从转化的角度全面讨论了 PBM 对加速 OTM 所产生的生物效应。总之，临床前和临床试验的证据支持将 PBM 用作正畸中的辅助药物，以增强牙齿移动并控制治疗相关的不适感。总之，修订后的研究表明，刺激组织重塑的最佳 PBM 参数是波长为 830 ± 20 纳米，能量密度为 5-70 焦耳/平方厘米，每天或隔天使用一次，可以最大限度地提高 OTM 率，而非连续几天使用较低剂量（每次最多 16 焦耳/平方厘米）似乎是诱导镇痛效果的最佳选择。未来的研究重点应放在优化激光参数和针对牙齿和运动类型定制的治疗方案上。通过微调激光参数，临床医生有可能缩短治疗时间、提高患者舒适度并获得更可预测的结果，从而使正畸治疗更高效、对患者更友好，从而巩固 PBM 在正畸中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Role of MTHFR, IRF6, PAX7 and TP63 SNPs in susceptibility to non-syndromic orofacial cleft, a candidate gene study in a Portuguese population 葡萄牙人群中的候选基因研究：MTHFR、IRF6、PAX7 和 TP63 SNPs 在非综合征性口裂易感性中的作用。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12838

João Mendes, Adriana Rocha Guimarães, Joana Martins Ribeiro, Bárbara Oliveiros, Luís Alcides Mesquita, Maria Helena Fernandes, Francisco José Fernandes do Vale, Henriqueta Coimbra Silva

Background

Non-syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOC) is a complex phenotype, involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. Association studies exploring the genetic susceptibility to this prevalent oral malformation show variability of results in different populations. Using a candidate gene approach, we aimed to verify the role of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the susceptibility to NSOC in Portuguese patients.

Methods

A total of 254 non-consanguineous individuals of Portuguese were recruited, including 120 patients with NSOC and 134 controls. About 92% of these patients had non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) and 8% had only non-syndromic cleft palate (NSCP). SNPs in the MTHFR (rs1801133), IRF6 (rs642961), PAX7 (rs742071) and TP63 (rs9332461) genes were studied, using a real-time approach with TaqMan probes. Allelic, genotypic, dominant, recessive and over-dominant models were explored using a chi-squared test. Adjusted p-value was calculated for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR).

Results

All SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. For MTHFR, IRF6, and PAX7 SNPs, no statistically significant difference was highlighted for any of the evaluated models. For TP63 SNP, data fitted an over-dominant model, with a protective effect for heterozygotes (OR 1.897; CI 95% [1.144–3.147]; p < .016, when comparing controls vs. cases), but significance was lost when applying adjusted p-value for multiple comparisons (4 × 5 tests).

Conclusion

In this Portuguese population, there was no evidence of an association between the evaluated SNPs and NSOC. For TP63 SNP, the possibility of a protective effect of heterozygotes should be further investigated.

背景：非综合征性口面裂（NSOC）是一种复杂的表型，涉及多种遗传和环境因素。对这种常见口腔畸形的遗传易感性进行的关联研究显示，不同人群的结果存在差异。我们采用候选基因方法，旨在验证四个单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）在葡萄牙患者NSOC易感性中的作用：我们共招募了 254 名非近亲结婚的葡萄牙人，其中包括 120 名 NSOC 患者和 134 名对照者。其中约 92% 的患者患有非综合征唇裂伴或不伴腭裂（NSCL/P），8% 的患者仅患有非综合征腭裂（NSCP）。采用 TaqMan 探针实时方法研究了 MTHFR（rs1801133）、IRF6（rs642961）、PAX7（rs742071）和 TP63（rs9332461）基因中的 SNPs。使用卡方检验探讨了等位基因、基因型、显性、隐性和过显性模型。使用本杰明-霍奇伯格假发现率（FDR）计算多重比较的调整 p 值：所有 SNP 均处于 Hardy-Weinberg 平衡状态。就 MTHFR、IRF6 和 PAX7 SNPs 而言，任何一个评估模型都没有突出的统计学差异。就 TP63 SNP 而言，数据符合超显性模型，杂合子具有保护作用（OR 1.897；CI 95% [1.144-3.147]；P 结论：在葡萄牙人群中，并没有发现对 TP63 SNP 有保护作用的杂合子（OR 1.897；CI 95% [1.144-3.147]）：在这一葡萄牙人群中，没有证据表明所评估的 SNP 与 NSOC 存在关联。对于 TP63 SNP，应进一步研究杂合子是否具有保护作用。

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引用次数: 0

Sella turcica and facial bones: Morphological integration in the human fetal cranium 颅骨和面部骨骼：人类胎儿颅骨的形态整合。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12835

Natsuko Utsunomiya, Motoki Katsube, Yutaka Yamaguchi, Masanori Kumakiri, Naoki Morimoto, Shigehito Yamada

Objectives

The cranial base plays a significant role in facial growth, and closer analyses of the morphological relationship between these two regions are needed to understand the morphogenesis of the face. Here, we aimed to study morphological integration between the sella turcica (ST) and facial bones during the fetal period using geometric morphometrics.

Materials and Methods

Magnetic resonance images of 47 human fetuses in the Kyoto Collection, with crown-rump lengths of 29.8–225 mm, were included in this study. Anatomical homologous landmarks and semilandmarks were registered on the facial bones and the midsagittal contour of the ST, respectively. The shape variations in the craniofacial skeleton and the ST were statistically investigated by reducing dimensionality using principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, the morphological integration between the facial bones and ST was investigated using two-block partial least squares (2B-PLS) analysis.

Results

PCA showed that small specimens represented the concave facial profile, including the mandibular protrusion and maxillary retrusion. The 2B-PLS showed a strong integration (RV coefficient = 0.523, r = .79, p < .01) between the facial bones and ST. The curvature of the anterior wall of the ST was highly associated with immature facial morphology characterized by a concave profile.

Conclusion

The strong integration between the two regions suggested that the anterior ST may be associated with facial morphology. This result quantitatively confirms previous studies reporting ST deformities in facial anomalies and induces further research using postnatal subjects.

目的：颅底在面部生长过程中起着重要作用，因此需要对这两个区域之间的形态关系进行更深入的分析，以了解面部的形态发生。在此，我们旨在利用几何形态计量学方法研究胎儿时期蝶鞍（ST）和面部骨骼之间的形态整合：本研究收集了 47 个京都采集的人类胎儿的磁共振图像，这些胎儿的冠臀长度为 29.8-225 毫米。分别在面部骨骼和 ST 中矢状面轮廓上注册了解剖同源地标和半地标。通过使用主成分分析法（PCA）降低维度，对颅面骨骼和 ST 的形状变化进行了统计研究。随后，使用双区块偏最小二乘法（2B-PLS）分析法研究了面部骨骼和 ST 之间的形态整合：PCA显示，小标本代表了凹面轮廓，包括下颌前突和上颌后缩。2B-PLS显示出很强的整合性（RV系数=0.523，r=.79，p 结论：两个区域之间的整合性很强，这表明下颌前突和上颌后缩之间有很强的整合性：两个区域之间的强整合表明，前ST可能与面部形态有关。这一结果从数量上证实了之前关于面部畸形中 ST 畸变的研究，并促使对出生后的受试者进行进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Retention efficacy and patient experience with customized clear retainer and wrap-around circumferential retainer among non-extraction orthodontic patients: A 12-month follow-up cohort study 非拔牙期正畸患者使用定制透明保持器和环绕型保持器的保持效果和患者体验：为期 12 个月的随访队列研究。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12837

Jun-Hyeong Bae, Utkarsh Mangal, Jae-Hun Yu, Jung-Yul Cha, Hyung-Seog Yu, Kee-Joon Lee, Sung-Hwan Choi

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate retention efficacy by assessing retention stability and patient perspectives according to type of circumferential retainer: the wrap-around circumferential retainer (WCR) and customized clear retainer (CCR).

Materials and Methods

This cohort follow-up study involved 52 patients aged 18–62 who underwent fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment without extractions or orthognathic surgery. Following screening consenting participants were divided into WCR and CCR groups. All participants before follow-up received fixed retainers for the upper and lower anteriors and respective removable retainers within 2 weeks post-debond. Intraoral scans and lateral cephalograms were taken immediately after debonding (T0) and again 12 months later. Dentoalveolar changes in several measurements were compared to evaluate retention efficacy. Surveys were conducted at 1 month (T1) and 12 months (T2) post-debonding to assess changes in patient experiences. Outcome assessments were blinded. Paired T-tests and independent T-tests were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons of dentoalveolar measurements, respectively. Survey responses were analysed using the Pearson Chi-Square test.

Results

The final assessment included 32 participants. Model analysis revealed no significant differences between the groups, except for maxillary intermolar width (p = .033). In the WCR group, the cephalometric analysis indicated a significant increase in the incisor mandibular plane angle (p = .002) and a decrease in the interincisal angle (p = .014), while changes in the CCR group were statistically non-significant. Patient attitude evaluation showed similar trends for wear time and overall satisfaction. However, a higher percentage of respondents in the WCR group reported irritation when wearing the retainers (p = .037) at T1 and discomfort related to speech (p = .038) at T2.

Conclusions

CCR showed better retention efficacy in terms of lower incisor inclination. Patients experienced relatively less irritation and speech discomfort with CCRs.

研究目的本研究的目的是通过评估保持器的稳定性和患者的观点来评价保持器的有效性，具体取决于周界保持器的类型：环绕型周界保持器（WCR）和定制透明保持器（CCR）：这项队列随访研究涉及 52 名年龄在 18-62 岁之间、接受过固定矫治器正畸治疗且未进行拔牙或正颌手术的患者。经筛选同意后，参与者被分为 WCR 组和 CCR 组。所有参与者在复诊前都接受了上下前牙固定保持器，并在粘接后两周内分别接受了可摘保持器。脱钩后（T0）立即进行口内扫描和侧位头影，12个月后再次进行口内扫描和侧位头影。通过比较牙槽骨在多个测量值上的变化来评估固位效果。在脱粘后 1 个月（T1）和 12 个月（T2）进行调查，以评估患者体验的变化。结果评估均为盲法。牙槽骨测量的组内比较和组间比较分别采用配对 T 检验和独立 T 检验。调查反馈采用皮尔逊秩和检验进行分析：最终评估包括 32 名参与者。模型分析显示，除上颌磨牙间宽度（p = .033）外，各组间无明显差异。在 WCR 组中，头颅测量分析表明切牙下颌平面角度显著增大（p = .002），颊间隙角度显著减小（p = .014），而 CCR 组的变化在统计学上不显著。患者态度评估显示，佩戴时间和总体满意度的变化趋势相似。然而，WCR 组中有更高比例的受访者在 T1 阶段表示佩戴保持器时有刺激感（p = .037），在 T2 阶段表示与言语相关的不适感（p = .038）：结论：就下切牙倾斜度而言，CCR 显示出更好的保持效果。结论：就下切牙倾斜度而言，CCR 表现出更好的固位效果，患者在使用 CCR 时感受到的刺激和言语不适相对较少。

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引用次数: 0

Using three-dimensional geometric morphometry for facial analysis in patients with the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum 使用三维几何形态测量法对眼耳鼻椎体频谱患者的面部进行分析。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12834

Petra Poláčková, Jiří Borovec, Jana Vašáková, Matěj Patzelt, Wanda Urbanová, Michaela Mihulová, Milan Macek Jr, Markéta Havlovicová, Veronika Moslerová

Aim

To utilize three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometry for visualization of the level of facial asymmetry in patients with the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS).

Materials and Methods

Three-dimensional facial scans of 25 Czech patients with OAVS were processed. The patients were divided into subgroups according to Pruzansky classification. For 13 of them, second 3D facial scans were obtained. The 3D facial scans were processed using geometric morphometry. Soft tissue facial asymmetry in the sagittal plane and its changes in two time spots were visualized using colour-coded maps with a thermometre-like scale.

Results

Individual facial asymmetry was visualized in all patients as well as the mean facial asymmetry for every Pruzansky subgroup. The mean colour-coded maps of type I and type IIA subgroups showed no differences in facial asymmetry, more pronounced asymmetry in the middle and the lower facial third was found between type IIA and type IIB (maximum 1.5 mm) and between type IIB and type III (maximum 2 mm). The degree of intensity facial asymmetry in affected middle and lower facial thirds did not change distinctly during the two time spots in all subgroups.

Conclusions

The 3D geometric morphometry in OAVS patients could be a useful tool for objective facial asymmetry assessment in patients with OAVS. The calculated colour-coded maps are illustrative and useful for clinical evaluation.

目的：利用三维（3D）几何形态测量法观察眼耳椎体频谱（OAVS）患者的面部不对称程度：对 25 名捷克 OAVS 患者的面部三维扫描进行了处理。根据普鲁赞斯基（Pruzansky）分类法将患者分为不同的亚组。对其中 13 名患者进行了第二次三维面部扫描。三维面部扫描采用几何形态测量法进行处理。使用带有温度计刻度的彩色编码图，对矢状面上的面部软组织不对称及其在两个时间点上的变化进行了可视化处理：结果：所有患者的个人面部不对称情况以及每个普鲁赞斯基亚组的平均面部不对称情况均可视化。I 型和 IIA 型亚组的平均彩色编码图显示面部不对称没有差异，IIA 型和 IIB 型之间（最大 1.5 毫米）以及 IIB 型和 III 型之间（最大 2 毫米）的中面部和下面部三分之一处的不对称更为明显。在所有亚组中，受影响的中面部和下面部三分之一的不对称程度在两个时间点上没有明显变化：老年性肢体缺损患者的三维几何形态测量可作为客观评估老年性肢体缺损患者面部不对称的有用工具。计算出的彩色编码图具有说明性，可用于临床评估。

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引用次数: 0

The morphology of alveolar bone of the mandibular second and third molars in skeletal Class III patients 骨骼三级患者下颌第二和第三磨牙牙槽骨的形态。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12833

Liya Jiang, Luxi Weng, Xin Yu, Jun Lin

Objectives

To investigate the alveolar bone morphology of the mandibular second and third molars in skeletal Class III patients from a buccolingual direction.

Methods

Sixty skeletal Class III patients were recruited. The alveolar bone width, buccal cortical bone thickness and lingual cortical bone thickness were measured in five planes from mesial to distal and at five depths from gingival to root. The effects of the gender of the patients, the second molar lingual inclination and the third molar on alveolar bone width and cortical bone thickness were evaluated. To explore the effect of third molar extraction on alveolar bone morphology, the measurements before and after third molar extraction were compared.

Results

The impacted third molar had significantly greater alveolar bone width and thicker buccal cortical bone at the cervical third of the molar, while the erupted third molar had greater alveolar bone width at the apical third. Three weeks after third molar extraction, these advantages would weaken owing to the reconstruction of the alveolar bone. Patients with lingually inclined molar were observed to own thicker lingual cortical bone. Males tended to have greater alveolar bone width, but no significant differences were shown in this study.

Conclusions

The growth of the third molar and the second molar lingual inclination affect the alveolar bone morphology of the mandibular second and third molars significantly, but gender has trivial effects on the morphology. The alveolar bone morphology of the mandibular second and third molars would change 3 weeks after third molar extraction.

目的从颊舌方向研究骨骼发育不良的 III 类患者下颌第二和第三磨牙的牙槽骨形态：方法：招募 60 名Ⅲ类患者。从中线到远端，在五个平面上测量牙槽骨宽度、颊皮质骨厚度和舌皮质骨厚度，从牙龈到牙根，在五个深度上测量牙槽骨宽度、颊皮质骨厚度和舌皮质骨厚度。评估了患者性别、第二磨牙舌侧倾斜度和第三磨牙对牙槽骨宽度和皮质骨厚度的影响。为了探讨拔除第三磨牙对牙槽骨形态的影响，对拔除第三磨牙前后的测量结果进行了比较：结果：受影响的第三磨牙颈部三分之一处的牙槽骨宽度明显更大，颊皮质骨更厚，而萌出的第三磨牙顶端三分之一处的牙槽骨宽度更大。拔除第三磨牙三周后，由于牙槽骨的重建，这些优势会减弱。据观察，臼齿向舌侧倾斜的患者拥有较厚的舌侧皮质骨。男性的牙槽骨宽度往往更大，但本研究并未显示出显著差异：结论：第三磨牙的生长和第二磨牙的舌倾角对下颌第二和第三磨牙的牙槽骨形态有显著影响，但性别对牙槽骨形态的影响微乎其微。下颌第二和第三磨牙的牙槽骨形态在第三磨牙拔除 3 周后会发生变化。

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引用次数: 0

Maxillary arch dimensions in bilateral cleft lip and palate in the age 0–5 months 0-5 个月双侧唇腭裂患者的上颌腭弓尺寸。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12836

Adriano Porto Peixoto, Felicia Miranda, Rayane de Oliveira Pinto, Tiago Turri de Castro Ribeiro, Franciele Salazar Somensi Lara, Fabrício Monteiro de Castro Machado, Daniela Garib

Introduction

The complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) divides the maxillary arch into three segments, separated from each other, resulting in abnormal growth of the alveolar arch. This study evaluated the maxillary arch dimensions in BCLP and compared them with neonates without craniofacial anomalies.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary cleft centre. Sixty-six neonates aged 0–5 months were divided into two groups: cleft group—children with BCLP (23 boys and 18 girls) and control group—children without craniofacial deformities (15 boys and 10 girls). The dental models were processed by a 3D scanner. Landmarks were marked to achieve inter-canine distance, inter-tuberosity distance and arch length measurements. t-Tests were used for intergroup comparisons (p < .05).

Results

The maxillary cleft arch was demonstrated to be wider and longer in the posterior region compared to the control group. The inter-canine distance did not present differences between the cleft and controls. The inter-canine distance of the control group was the only measurement influenced by the variable sex.

Conclusions

The cleft significantly interfered with the arch posterior width and arch sagittal length, making them larger. There was no statistical difference in the measurements between sex in the cleft group.

简介完全性双侧唇腭裂（BCLP）将上颌弓分为三段，相互分离，导致牙槽弓发育异常。本研究评估了BCLP患儿的上颌弓尺寸，并将其与无颅面畸形的新生儿进行了比较：这项回顾性研究在一家三级裂隙中心进行。66名0-5个月大的新生儿被分为两组：裂隙组-BCLP患儿（23名男孩和18名女孩）和对照组-无颅面畸形患儿（15名男孩和10名女孩）。牙科模型由三维扫描仪处理。对地标进行标记，以测量犬齿间距、齿槽间距和牙弓长度：与对照组相比，上颌裂隙牙弓后部更宽更长。上颌裂隙组和对照组的犬齿间距没有差异。对照组的犬齿间距是唯一受性别变量影响的测量值：裂隙会明显影响牙弓后宽和牙弓矢状长，使其变大。裂隙组不同性别之间的测量结果没有统计学差异。

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引用次数: 0

Automatic soft-tissue analysis on orthodontic frontal and lateral facial photographs based on deep learning 基于深度学习的正畸正面和侧面面部照片软组织自动分析。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12830

Qiao Chang, Yuxing Bai, Shaofeng Wang, Fan Wang, Yajie Wang, Feifei Zuo, Xianju Xie

Background

To establish the automatic soft-tissue analysis model based on deep learning that performs landmark detection and measurement calculations on orthodontic facial photographs to achieve a more comprehensive quantitative evaluation of soft tissues.

Methods

A total of 578 frontal photographs and 450 lateral photographs of orthodontic patients were collected to construct datasets. All images were manually annotated by two orthodontists with 43 frontal-image landmarks and 17 lateral-image landmarks. Automatic landmark detection models were established, which consisted of a high-resolution network, a feature fusion module based on depthwise separable convolution, and a prediction model based on pixel shuffle. Ten measurements for frontal images and eight measurements for lateral images were defined. Test sets were used to evaluate the model performance, respectively. The mean radial error of landmarks and measurement error were calculated and statistically analysed to evaluate their reliability.

Results

The mean radial error was 14.44 ± 17.20 pixels for the landmarks in the frontal images and 13.48 ± 17.12 pixels for the landmarks in the lateral images. There was no statistically significant difference between the model prediction and manual annotation measurements except for the mid facial-lower facial height index. A total of 14 measurements had a high consistency.

Conclusion

Based on deep learning, we established automatic soft-tissue analysis models for orthodontic facial photographs that can automatically detect 43 frontal-image landmarks and 17 lateral-image landmarks while performing comprehensive soft-tissue measurements. The models can assist orthodontists in efficient and accurate quantitative soft-tissue evaluation for clinical application.

研究背景建立基于深度学习的软组织自动分析模型，对正畸面部照片进行地标检测和测量计算，以实现对软组织更全面的定量评估：共收集了 578 张正畸患者的正面照片和 450 张侧面照片来构建数据集。所有图像均由两名正畸医生手动标注了 43 个正面图像地标和 17 个侧面图像地标。建立的自动地标检测模型包括一个高分辨率网络、一个基于深度可分离卷积的特征融合模块和一个基于像素洗牌的预测模型。确定了正面图像的十种测量方法和侧面图像的八种测量方法。测试集分别用于评估模型性能。计算并统计分析了地标平均径向误差和测量误差，以评估其可靠性：正面图像中的地标平均径向误差为 14.44 ± 17.20 像素，侧面图像中的地标平均径向误差为 13.48 ± 17.12 像素。除了面中部-面下部高度指数外，模型预测和人工标注的测量结果在统计学上没有明显差异。共有 14 项测量结果具有较高的一致性：基于深度学习，我们建立了正畸面部照片的自动软组织分析模型，可以自动检测 43 个正面图像地标和 17 个侧面图像地标，同时进行全面的软组织测量。这些模型可以帮助正畸医生高效、准确地进行定量软组织评估，并应用于临床。

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引用次数: 0