Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献_第8页

Evaluation of post-activation mandibular remodelling in children with craniofacial microsomia treated with distraction osteogenesis 对接受牵引成骨法治疗的颅面小畸形儿童激活后下颌骨重塑的评估。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12827

Xiyuan Li, Songxia Xia, Zhifeng Li, Zhiyong Zhang

Objective

Patients with type IIA craniofacial microsomia (CFM) may benefit from mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) treatment during childhood; however, remodelling of the mandible during the consolidation phase, which may affect the short-term outcomes of MDO, has not yet been quantitatively analysed using computed tomography. Therefore, we aimed to investigate bone remodelling of the mandible in children with type IIA CFM treated with MDO before distractor removal and the factors that influence ramus vertical elongation efficiency.

Materials and Methods

Twenty-three children with unilateral CFM were studied between 2020 and 2024. Longitudinal computed tomography data (preoperative, end of active phase and at pre-distractor removal) were analysed. Condyle positions and the mandibular cant were analysed using a paired-sample t test. The relapse rates of vertical lengthening and mandibular cant were calculated. The correlation between distraction efficiency and preoperative craniofacial morphology was analysed.

Results

The condyle on the affected side moved upwards and backwards by 28.84 ± 4.08 and 2.85 ± 4.33 mm, respectively during the active phase but lost 7.66 ± 2.64 mm of vertical extension during the consolidation phase. The relapse rates for vertical extension of the condyle and occlusal plane were 27% and 35%, respectively. The ratio of mandibular ramus height was positively related to EV.

Conclusions

In children with CFM, attention should be paid to vertical elongation instability and relapse of mandibular inclination during consolidation. Severe mandibular ramus hypoplasia is a preoperative risk factor for vertical skeletal relapse during consolidation. Further efforts are required to reduce the stress that leads to relapse.

目的：IIA型颅面小畸形（CFM）患者可能会在儿童期从下颌骨牵引成骨（MDO）治疗中获益；然而，下颌骨在巩固阶段的重塑可能会影响MDO的短期疗效，目前尚未使用计算机断层扫描对其进行定量分析。因此，我们旨在研究 IIA 型 CFM 患儿在移除牵引器前接受 MDO 治疗后下颌骨的骨重塑情况，以及影响横梁垂直伸长效率的因素：2020年至2024年期间，对23名单侧CFM患儿进行了研究。分析了纵向计算机断层扫描数据（术前、活动期结束和移除牵引器前）。使用配对样本 t 检验分析了髁突位置和下颌骨倾斜度。计算了垂直延长和下颌悬臂的复发率。分析了牵引效率与术前颅面形态之间的相关性：结果：在活动期，患侧髁突分别向上和向后移动了 28.84 ± 4.08 毫米和 2.85 ± 4.33 毫米，但在巩固期，患侧髁突的垂直伸展量减少了 7.66 ± 2.64 毫米。髁突和咬合面垂直延伸的复发率分别为 27% 和 35%。下颌横突高度比与EV呈正相关：结论：对于患有CFM的儿童，在巩固治疗过程中应注意垂直伸长的不稳定性和下颌倾斜的复发。严重的下颌横突发育不良是导致巩固期垂直骨骼复发的术前风险因素。需要进一步努力减少导致复发的压力。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of thermomechanical ageing on force transmission by orthodontic aligners made of different thermoformed materials: An experimental study 热机械老化对不同热成型材料制成的正畸矫治器力传递的影响：实验研究

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12825

Tarek M. Elshazly, Christoph Bourauel, Ahmed M. Ismail, Omar Ghoraba, Philippe Chavanne, Hanaa Elattar, Abdulaziz Alhotan

Objectives

Investigating the impact of thermal and mechanical loading on the force generation of orthodontic aligners made from various thermoplastic materials and different compositions.

Materials and Methods

Five distinct materials were utilized including, three multi-layer (Zendura FLX, Zendura VIVA, CA Pro) and two single-layer (Zendura A and Duran). A total of 50 thermoformed aligners (n = 10) underwent a 48-hour ageing protocol, which involved mechanical loading resulting from a 0.2 mm facial malalignment of the upper right central incisor (Tooth 11) and thermal ageing through storage in warm distilled water at 37°C. The force exerted on Tooth 11 of a resin model was measured both before and after ageing using pressure-sensitive films and a biomechanical setup.

Results

Before ageing, pressure-sensitive films recorded normal contact forces ranging from 83.1 to 149.7 N, while the biomechanical setup measured resultant forces ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 N, with lingual forces exceeding facial forces. Multi-layer materials exhibited lower force magnitudes compared to single-layer materials. After ageing, a significant reduction in force was observed, with some materials experiencing up to a 50% decrease. Notably, multi-layer materials, especially Zendura VIVA, exhibited lower force decay.

Conclusions

The force generated by aligners is influenced by both the aligner material and the direction of movement. Multi-layer materials exhibit superior performance compared to single-layer materials, primarily because of their lower initial force, which enhances patient comfort, and their capability to maintain consistent force application even after undergoing ageing.

目的研究热负荷和机械负荷对由不同热塑性材料和不同成分制成的正畸矫治器产生的力的影响：使用了五种不同的材料，包括三种多层材料（Zendura FLX、Zendura VIVA、CA Pro）和两种单层材料（Zendura A 和 Duran）。共有 50 个热成型矫治器（n = 10）经历了 48 小时的老化过程，其中包括右上中切牙（第 11 颗牙）0.2 毫米面部错位造成的机械加载，以及在 37°C 温蒸馏水中储存的热老化。使用压敏胶膜和生物力学装置测量了树脂模型第 11 号牙齿在老化前后所受的力：结果：老化前，压敏薄膜记录到的正常接触力为 83.1 至 149.7 牛顿，而生物力学装置测量到的结果力为 0.1 至 0.5 牛顿，舌侧力超过面部力。与单层材料相比，多层材料表现出较低的力值。老化后，观察到作用力明显下降，有些材料的下降幅度高达 50%。值得注意的是，多层材料，尤其是 Zendura VIVA，显示出较低的力衰减：结论：矫治器产生的力受矫治器材料和运动方向的影响。与单层材料相比，多层材料表现出更优越的性能，这主要是因为它们的初始力更低，从而提高了患者的舒适度，而且即使在经历老化后也能保持稳定的作用力。

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引用次数: 0

Is motor-driven insertion of orthodontic miniscrews more advantageous than manual insertion? A micro-CT evaluation of bone miniscrew contact surface area and cortical microcracks in rabbits 电机驱动的正畸微型螺钉插入是否比手动插入更有优势？对兔子骨小螺钉接触表面积和皮质微裂缝的显微 CT 评估。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12824

Reem A. Alansari, Khaled H. Zawawi, Nikhillesh Vaiid, Zuhair Natto, Samar M. Adel, Maha R. Alshihri, Mohammed Alsadat, Rania Dause, Shoroog Agou, Ali H. Hassan

Aim

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the bone–miniscrew contact surface area (BMC) and the cortical bone microcracks (CM) resulting from manual (hand-driven) and automated (motor-driven) orthodontic miniscrew (OM) insertion methods.

Methods

Thirty-three OM were inserted in the femurs of nine New Zealand rabbits using manual (n = 16) and automated (n = 17) insertions. After euthanizing the rabbits, bone blocks, each including one OM, were sawed. Micro-CT scanning was performed, and data analysis included reconstruction, binarization and quantification of morphometric parameters of BMC and the number and length of CM. Means and standard deviations for complete BMC, complete BMC proportion, cortical BMC, cortical BMC proportion, and length and number of CM were calculated. Mixed model analysis was used to adjust for more than one sample/CM per animal. A paired t-test was used to compare the number of CM between the two groups.

Results

Compared to the automated insertion, manually inserted miniscrews had significantly lower complete BMC (7.54 ± 1.80 mm² vs. 11.99 ± 3.64 mm²), cortical BMC (5.91 ± 1.48 mm² vs. 8.48 ± 1.90 mm²) and cortical BMC proportion (79.44 ± 5.84% vs. 87.94 ± 3.66%). However, it was not statistically significant in complete BMC proportion (p = .052). The automated insertion also resulted in a significantly lower mean number of CM than the manual method (p = .012). However, the length of the cracks was shorter in the manual group but with no significant difference (p = 0.256).

Conclusion

Motor-driven OM insertion results in superior BMC and reduction in the number of CM, which may lead to better miniscrew stability.

目的：这项体外研究旨在评估和比较手动（手驱动）和自动（电机驱动）正畸微型螺钉（OM）插入方法所产生的骨-微型螺钉接触表面积（BMC）和皮质骨微裂缝（CM）：使用手动（16 只）和自动（17 只）插入法在 9 只新西兰兔的股骨中插入了 33 个 OM。兔子安乐死后，锯开骨块，每个骨块包括一个 OM。进行显微 CT 扫描，数据分析包括重建、二值化和量化 BMC 形态参数以及 CM 的数量和长度。计算了完整 BMC、完整 BMC 比例、皮质 BMC、皮质 BMC 比例、CM 长度和数量的均值和标准差。混合模型分析用于调整每只动物一个以上的样本/CM。采用配对 t 检验比较两组动物的 CM 数量：结果：与自动插入相比，手动插入的微型螺钉的完整 BMC（7.54 ± 1.80 mm2 vs. 11.99 ± 3.64 mm2）、皮质 BMC（5.91 ± 1.48 mm2 vs. 8.48 ± 1.90 mm2）和皮质 BMC 比例（79.44 ± 5.84% vs. 87.94 ± 3.66%）均明显较低。但在完整 BMC 比例方面，差异无统计学意义（p = .052）。自动插入的平均 CM 数也明显低于手动方法（p = .012）。然而，手动组的裂缝长度更短，但差异不显著（p = 0.256）：结论：马达驱动的 OM 插入可获得更好的 BMC 和减少 CM 的数量，从而提高微型螺钉的稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of thickness of 3D printed versus thermoformed aligners: A prospective in vivo ageing experiment 评估 3D 打印与热成型矫治器的厚度：前瞻性体内老化实验。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12822

Babak Sayahpour, Sara Eslami, Jakob Stuhlfelder, Sarah Bühling, Iulia Dahmer, Malcolm Goteni, Stefan Kopp, Ludovica Nucci

Background

To compare and investigate the effects of intraoral ageing on the thickness of one group of directly printed and two groups of thermoformed aligners on the labial surface of maxillary central incisors.

Materials and Methods

Six groups (12 samples per group) were included in this prospective in vivo experiment. Groups DP-Clin, INV-Clin and CA-Clin consisted of directly printed (Tera Harz TC-85 DAC resin), thermoformed (Invisalign, PU based polymer) and in house thermoformed (CA-Pro, PET-G based polymer) aligners, retrieved after 1 week of intraoral service. Groups DP-Ctr, INV-Ctr and CA-Ctr included unused aligners samples. Thickness measurements were conducted using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Data that underwent log-10 transformation was analysed by multiple linear regression analysis (p < .05).

Results

Statistically significant differences were found between the materials in both Clin and Ctr categories (p < .001). Group DP had the highest thickness among the groups and the least thickness was observed in the CA group (p < .001). However, intraoral ageing did not significantly affect the aligner thickness of any groups.

Conclusions

Both thermoforming and direct printing of clear aligners led to thickness deviations in terms of increase for printed aligners and decrease for thermoformed aligners. Intraoral ageing did not affect the aligner thickness in any of the groups.

背景：比较并研究口内老化对上颌中切牙唇面一组直接印制和两组热成型矫治器厚度的影响：本前瞻性活体实验包括六组（每组 12 个样本）。DP-Clin组、INV-Clin组和CA-Clin组包括直接印模（Tera Harz TC-85 DAC树脂）、热成型（Invisalign，聚氨酯聚合物）和室内热成型（CA-Pro，PET-G聚合物）矫治器，在口内使用1周后取回。DP-Ctr、INV-Ctr和CA-Ctr组包括未使用过的矫治器样本。厚度测量采用共焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）进行。对经过对数-10 转换的数据进行了多元线性回归分析（P 结果：在 Clin 和 Ctr 两个类别中，材料之间存在明显的统计学差异（p 结论：热成型和直接打印的矫治器厚度测量结果一致：热成型和直接印制透明矫治器都会导致厚度偏差，印制矫治器的厚度增加，而热成型矫治器的厚度减少。口内老化不影响任何一组的矫治器厚度。

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引用次数: 0

Association between sex of the individual with untreated cleft lip and social judgement made by lay persons: A cross-sectional study 未经治疗的唇裂患者的性别与非专业人士的社会判断之间的关系：一项横断面研究。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12823

Ana Carolina Del-Sarto Azevedo Maia, Stefanni Olga Aguiar Sales Lima, Lucas Alves Jural, David Costa Moreira, Lucianne Cople Maia, Orlando Motohiro Tanaka, Matheus Melo Pithon, Fabio Ornellas Prado

Objective

To assess whether there is an association between an individual's sex and social judgements made by lay persons regarding untreated cleft lip.

Materials and Methods

Lay individuals over 18 years old were recruited through an application to respond online to two questionnaires: a sociodemographic survey and the Brazilian Version of Lay Persons' Social Judgements about Cleft-lip Scale (B-LSojCleft-S). B-LSojCleft-S comprises 14 items evaluating social judgements made by laypersons concerning different types of untreated cleft lips in teenagers. The 14 items are linked to 8 images featuring untreated cleft lips and 1 image without a cleft (control). Higher scores represented more favourable social judgements. Independent samples t-test, paired, and multiple linear regression were conducted (P < 0.05). The study assessed judgements of untreated cleft lips in male and female adolescents using the B-LSojCleft-S.

Results

The mean age of the 217 participants was 37.78 ± 12.39 years, predominantly women (72.7%), married (47.7%), with a monthly income below three minimum wages (35.6%) in the majority of cases. Significantly higher social judgement scores were observed in the control group (no cleft) compared to any type of cleft (P < 0.001), with similar scores obtained for the same types of clefts with female or male images (P > 0.05). The participant's sex is associated with social judgement scores (F [1, 214] = 6.318, P = 0.013; adjusted R² = 0.024), with females making more favourable judgements than males (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Individuals with cleft lips receive more negative social judgement scores, regardless of their own sex. Women make better social judgements than men.

摘要评估个人性别与非专业人士对未经治疗的唇裂的社会判断之间是否存在关联：通过应用程序招募 18 岁以上的非专业人士在线回答两份问卷：社会人口调查和巴西版非专业人士对唇裂的社会判断量表（B-LSojCleft-S）。B-LSojCleft-S 包含 14 个项目，评估非专业人士对不同类型未经治疗的青少年唇裂的社会判断。这 14 个项目与 8 幅未经治疗的唇裂图片和 1 幅无唇裂图片（对照组）相关联。得分越高，代表社会判断越有利。进行了独立样本 t 检验、配对检验和多元线性回归（P 结果：217 名参与者的平均年龄为 37.78 ± 12.39 岁，主要为女性（72.7%），已婚（47.7%），大多数人的月收入低于三份最低工资（35.6%）。与任何类型的裂隙相比，对照组（无裂隙）的社会判断得分明显更高（P 0.05）。受试者的性别与社交判断得分有关（F [1, 214] = 6.318, P = 0.013；调整后 R2 = 0.024），女性比男性做出更有利的判断（P 结论：女性比男性做出更有利的判断：唇裂患者无论其性别如何，都会得到更多负面的社会评判分数。女性比男性做出更好的社会判断。

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引用次数: 0

Smartphone applications for facial scanning: A technical and scoping review 用于面部扫描的智能手机应用程序：技术和范围审查。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12821

Thanatchaporn Jindanil, Lianyi Xu, Rocharles Cavalcante Fontenele, Maria Cadenas de Llano Perula, Reinhilde Jacobs

Introduction

Facial scanning through smartphone scanning applications (SSA) is increasingly being used for medical applications as cost-effective, chairside method. However, clinical validation is lacking. This review aims to address: (1) Which SSA could perform facial scanning? (2) Which SSA can be clinically used? (3) Which SSA have been reported and scientifically validated for medical applications?

Methods

Technical search for SSA designed for face or object scanning was conducted on Google, Apple App Store, and Google Play Store from August 2022 to December 2023. Literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Clinicaltrials.gov, ICTRP (WHO) and preprints up to 2023. Eligibility criteria included English-written scientific articles incorporating at least one SSA for clinical purposes. SSA selection and data extraction were executed by one reviewer, validated by second, with third reviewer being consulted for discordances.

Results

Sixty-three applications designed for three-dimensional object scanning were retrieved, with 52 currently offering facial scanning capabilities. Fifty-six scientific articles, comprising two case reports, 16 proof-of-concepts and 38 experimental studies were analysed. Thirteen applications (123D Catch, 3D Creator, Bellus 3D Dental Pro, Bellus 3D Face app, Bellus 3D Face Maker, Capture, Heges, Metascan, Polycam, Scandy Pro, Scaniverse, Tap tap tap and Trnio) were reported in literature for digital workflow integration, comparison or proof-of-concept studies.

Conclusion

Fifty-two SSA can perform facial scanning currently and can be used clinically, offering cost-effectiveness, portability and user-friendliness. Although clinical validation is crucial, only 13 SSA were scientifically validated, underlying awareness of potential pitfalls and limitations.

简介通过智能手机扫描应用程序（SSA）进行面部扫描作为一种经济有效的椅旁方法，正越来越多地应用于医疗领域。然而，目前还缺乏临床验证。本综述旨在探讨(1) 哪些 SSA 可以进行面部扫描？(2) 哪些 SSA 可用于临床？(3) 哪些 SSA 已被报道并经科学验证可用于医疗应用？2022年8月至2023年12月，在谷歌、苹果应用商店和谷歌Play商店对设计用于面部或物体扫描的SSA进行了技术搜索。文献检索在 PubMed、Cochrane、EMBASE、MEDLINE、Scopus、IEEE Xplore、ACM Digital Library、Clinicaltrials.gov、ICTRP (WHO) 和截至 2023 年的预印本上进行。资格标准包括包含至少一项用于临床目的的 SSA 的英文科学文章。SSA的选择和数据提取由一位审稿人完成，并由第二位审稿人验证，如有不一致之处，则咨询第三位审稿人：结果：共检索到 63 个用于三维物体扫描的应用程序，其中 52 个目前提供面部扫描功能。分析了 56 篇科学文章，包括 2 个案例报告、16 个概念验证和 38 个实验研究。文献中报道了 13 种应用（123D Catch、3D Creator、Bellus 3D Dental Pro、Bellus 3D Face app、Bellus 3D Face Maker、Capture、Heges、Metascan、Polycam、Scandy Pro、Scaniverse、Tap tap tap 和 Trnio），用于数字工作流程集成、比较或概念验证研究：结论：目前有 52 种 SSA 可以进行面部扫描，并可用于临床，具有成本效益、便携性和用户友好性。虽然临床验证至关重要，但只有 13 种 SSA 经过了科学验证，潜在的隐患和局限性已被意识到。

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引用次数: 0

Scoring facial attractiveness with deep convolutional neural networks: How training on standardized images reduces the bias of facial expressions 利用深度卷积神经网络为面部吸引力评分：在标准化图像上进行训练如何减少面部表情的偏差。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12820

Dorothea Obwegeser, Radu Timofte, Christoph Mayer, Michael M. Bornstein, Marc A. Schätzle, Raphael Patcas

Objective

In many medical disciplines, facial attractiveness is part of the diagnosis, yet its scoring might be confounded by facial expressions. The intent was to apply deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) to identify how facial expressions affect facial attractiveness and to explore whether a dedicated training of the CNN is able to reduce the bias of facial expressions.

Materials and Methods

Frontal facial images (n = 840) of 40 female participants (mean age 24.5 years) were taken adapting a neutral facial expression and the six universal facial expressions. Facial attractiveness was computed by means of a face detector, deep convolutional neural networks, standard support vector regression for facial beauty, visual regularized collaborative filtering and a regression technique for handling visual queries without rating history. CNN was first trained on random facial photographs from a dating website and then further trained on the Chicago Face Database (CFD) to increase its suitability to medical conditions. Both algorithms scored every image for attractiveness.

Results

Facial expressions affect facial attractiveness scores significantly. Scores from CNN additionally trained on CFD had less variability between the expressions (range 54.3–60.9 compared to range: 32.6–49.5) and less variance within the scores (P ≤ .05), but also caused a shift in the ranking of the expressions' facial attractiveness.

Conclusion

Facial expressions confound attractiveness scores. Training on norming images generated scores less susceptible to distortion, but more difficult to interpret. Scoring facial attractiveness based on CNN seems promising, but AI solutions must be developed on CNN trained to recognize facial expressions as distractors.

目的：在许多医学学科中，面部吸引力是诊断的一部分，但其评分可能会受到面部表情的影响。我们的目的是应用深度卷积神经网络（CNN）来识别面部表情如何影响面部吸引力，并探索对 CNN 进行专门训练是否能减少面部表情的偏差：拍摄了 40 名女性参与者（平均年龄 24.5 岁）的正面面部图像（n = 840），并调整了中性面部表情和六种通用面部表情。面部吸引力是通过面部检测器、深度卷积神经网络、面部美感标准支持向量回归、可视化正则化协同过滤和处理无评级历史的视觉查询的回归技术计算得出的。CNN 首先在交友网站的随机面部照片上进行训练，然后在芝加哥面部数据库（CFD）上进一步训练，以提高其对医疗条件的适用性。两种算法都对每张图片进行了吸引力评分：结果：面部表情对面部吸引力评分的影响很大。在 CFD 上经过额外训练的 CNN 得出的分数在表情之间的变异性较小（范围为 54.3-60.9，而范围为 32.6-49.5），分数内部的变异性较小（P ≤ .05），但也导致了表情面部吸引力排名的变化：结论：面部表情会混淆吸引力得分。结论：面部表情会混淆吸引力评分，在标准图像上进行训练产生的评分不易失真，但更难解释。基于 CNN 的面部吸引力评分似乎很有前景，但人工智能解决方案必须在经过训练的 CNN 上开发，以识别作为干扰因素的面部表情。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of protraction or orthognathic surgery for class III malocclusion on longitudinal quality of life in patients with cleft lip and palate 针对 III 级错颌畸形的牵引或正颌手术对唇腭裂患者纵向生活质量的影响。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12810

Bocheng Gu, Alexis L. Johns, Lamia Binhuwaishel, Amarjit Dass, Barbara Sheller, Hitesh P. Kapadia, Stephen L-K. Yen

Objectives

This study assessed overall quality of life (QoL) over time in youth with cleft lip and palate (CLP) undergoing maxillary protraction treatment or orthognathic surgery for class III malocclusion to identify any differences in QoL based on treatment group and outcome success.

Materials and Methods

A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in two pediatric hospitals. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) measured physical and mental QoL prior to treatment, at maximal correction, at treatment completion, and at 1-year post treatment. Analyses included one-sample, two-sample, and paired t-tests and analyses of variance and covariance.

Results

Participants (N = 91) either completed protraction (n = 53) at age 11–14 or surgery (n = 38) at age 16–21. Participants were mostly Latinx (67%) males (55%) born with unilateral CLP (81%) and there were no demographic differences between the two groups other than age. The total sample's QoL was in the average range and significantly higher than national norms. No significant differences were found in QoL-based outcome success; however, the protraction group showed a gradual physical QoL improvement over time, while the surgery group experienced a temporary drop in physical QoL postoperatively. At treatment completion, higher physical QoL was associated with higher socioeconomic status. At a year post treatment, mental QoL was significantly higher for males.

Conclusion

Both protraction and surgery appear to be acceptable treatment options in terms of overall QoL for youth with CLP. While treatment success did not impact QoL, there were some differences in physical QoL coinciding with the treatment phase as well as individual factors.

研究目的本研究评估了接受上颌前突治疗或正颌手术治疗III类错牙合畸形的唇腭裂（CLP）青少年在一段时间内的总体生活质量（QoL），以确定不同治疗组和成功结果在QoL上的差异：在两家儿科医院开展了一项前瞻性纵向队列研究。简表健康调查（SF-12）测量了治疗前、最大矫正时、治疗完成时和治疗后 1 年的身体和心理 QoL。分析包括单样本、双样本和配对 t 检验以及方差和协方差分析：参与者（人数 = 91）有的在 11-14 岁时完成了牵引（人数 = 53），有的在 16-21 岁时完成了手术（人数 = 38）。参与者多为拉丁裔（67%）男性（55%），单侧CLP患者（81%），除年龄外，两组之间没有其他人口统计学差异。总样本的 QoL 处于平均水平，明显高于全国标准。在基于 QoL 的成功结果方面没有发现明显差异；不过，随着时间的推移，牵引组的身体 QoL 逐渐改善，而手术组术后身体 QoL 暂时下降。在治疗结束时，较高的身体QoL与较高的社会经济地位相关。治疗一年后，男性的心理QoL明显更高：就整体生活质量而言，牵引和手术似乎都是可以接受的治疗方案。虽然治疗成功与否并不影响生活质量，但身体生活质量因治疗阶段和个体因素而存在一些差异。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of post-printing curing time on cytotoxicity of direct printed aligners: A pilot study 印刷后固化时间对直接印刷校准器细胞毒性的影响：试点研究

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12819

Giorgio Iodice, Bjorn Ludwig, Elena Polishchuk, Raffaella Petruzzelli, Roberto Di Cunto, Soboh Husam, Mauro Farella

Introduction

The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the potential impact of different curing times of 3D-printed orthodontic aligners on their cytotoxicity.

Method

Some 60 samples of aligner material were directly 3D printed using Tera Harz TC-85 DAC resin and randomly allocated to three different curing time groups (14, 24 and 50 min). Zendura FLX samples were used as control. The samples were incubated in saliva for 14 days, and then the supernatant was collected. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1)-CRL2014 were used to evaluate potential cytotoxicity. Furthermore, HGF-1 cells were plated on the samples as well as on a glass control sample. After 72 h of growth, their viability was tested.

Results

Compared with the glass, only the 50-min curing time markedly reduced fibroblast cell growth. Additionally, a negative linear trend was observed between curing time and fibroblast growth. In comparison with the aligner control group, all samples, including the aligner control samples, exhibited a significant reduction in the viability of human fibroblasts when exposed to saliva.

Conclusions

3D directly printed aligners showed a cytotoxic effect similar to that of thermoformed conventional aligners in terms of fibroblasts growth. A linear trend was found between curing time and cells growth, indicating that directly printed aligners could exhibit higher cytotoxicity if exposed to a longer curing time. This dependence on curing time underscores the importance of following a strict manufacturing process.

简介：这项体外研究的目的是检测 3D 打印正畸矫治器不同的固化时间对其细胞毒性的潜在影响：这项体外研究的目的是检测 3D 打印正畸矫治器不同固化时间对其细胞毒性的潜在影响：方法：使用 Tera Harz TC-85 DAC 树脂直接 3D 打印约 60 个矫正器材料样品，并随机分配到三个不同固化时间组（14、24 和 50 分钟）。Zendura FLX 样品用作对照组。样品在唾液中培养 14 天，然后收集上清液。人牙龈成纤维细胞（HGF-1）-CRL2014 用于评估潜在的细胞毒性。此外，还将 HGF-1 细胞培养在样品和玻璃对照样品上。生长 72 小时后，检测其存活率：结果：与玻璃相比，只有固化时间为 50 分钟的样品能明显减少成纤维细胞的生长。此外，固化时间与成纤维细胞生长之间呈负线性趋势。与对准器对照组相比，包括对准器对照组在内的所有样品在暴露于唾液中时，人成纤维细胞的活力都显著降低：结论：在成纤维细胞生长方面，三维直接打印对齐器显示出与热成型传统对齐器相似的细胞毒性效应。固化时间与细胞生长之间呈线性趋势，这表明如果固化时间较长，直接打印的对准器会表现出更高的细胞毒性。这种对固化时间的依赖性强调了严格遵守生产流程的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of hard palate and cleft morphology in neonates with Pierre Robin Sequence and Cleft Palate Only 评估皮埃尔-罗宾序列和单纯腭裂新生儿的硬腭和腭裂形态。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12818

Ines Willershausen, Nils Krautkremer, Armin Ströbel, Tariq Abu-Tair, Friedrich Paulsen, Karin Strobel, Markus Kopp, Matthias Stefan May, Michael Uder, Franziska Krautkremer, Lina Gölz

Objectives

This study aimed to establish a fully digital measurement protocol for standardizing the description of hard palate and cleft morphology in neonates with an isolated cleft palate (CPO) and Pierre Robin sequence (PRS).

Materials and Methods

A total of 20 digitized plaster models of neonates with CPO and 20 digitized plaster models of neonates with PRS were retrospectively investigated. For the control group, the hard palate was segmented from 21 pre-existing 1.5 T MRI datasets of neonates and exported as an STL file. The digital models were marked with predefined reference points by three raters. Distance, angular, and area measurements were performed using Blender and MeshLab.

Results

Neonates with CPO (20.20 ± 2.33 mm) and PRS (21.41 ± 1.81 mm) had a significantly shorter hard palate than the control group (23.44 ± 2.24 mm) (CPO vs. control: P < .001; PRS vs. control: P = .014). Notably, neonates with PRS (33.05 ± 1.95 mm) demonstrated a significantly wider intertuberosity distance than those with CPO (30.52 ± 2.28 mm) (P = .012). Furthermore, there were also significant differences measured between the cleft and control groups (25.22 ± 2.50 mm) (P < .001).

Conclusions

The data from this study demonstrate the feasibility of using MRI datasets to generate digital models of the hard palate. The presence of a cleft palate leads to pronounced adaptations of the total palatal surface area, dorsal width, and length of the hard palate. Mandibular retrognathia and altered tongue position in PRS, as opposed to CPO, might further impact palatal morphology and intertuberosity distance.

研究目的本研究旨在建立一套全数字化测量方案，用于标准化描述孤立性腭裂（CPO）和皮埃尔-罗宾序列（PRS）新生儿的硬腭和裂隙形态：回顾性研究了 20 个 CPO 新生儿数字化石膏模型和 20 个 PRS 新生儿数字化石膏模型。对照组的硬腭是从 21 个已有的新生儿 1.5 T MRI 数据集中分割出来的，并导出为 STL 文件。数字模型由三位评分员用预定义的参考点进行标记。使用 Blender 和 MeshLab 对距离、角度和面积进行测量：P 结论：本研究的数据证明了使用磁共振成像数据集生成硬腭数字模型的可行性。腭裂的存在会导致硬腭总表面积、背侧宽度和长度发生明显变化。与CPO相比，PRS患者的下颌骨后突和舌头位置的改变可能会进一步影响腭部形态和腭突间距离。

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引用次数: 0