Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5650/oleoscience.22.211
K. Soga
: Studies on up-conversion (UC) fluorescent materials are closely related to the emergence of materials that exhibit UC fluorescence and the development of their synthetic processes, and is also an opportunity to develop biophotonics using near-infrared light as excitation light, which has been at-tracting attention in recent years. The basis of the design of a fluorescent material is how to emit the given excitation energy as light without converting it into heat. The establishment of a method for synthesizing fluoride nanoparticles had a great influence on the development of UC fluorescent materials for biophotonics, and once a stable method for synthesizing nanoparticles is established, the design and synthesis of organic-inorganic composites using them had broken out. An important guideline in this case is again how to avoid the heat generation. It was inevitable to consider the effect of organic molecules, which have not been discussed so far, on the thermal relaxation of the excited electrons of rare earth ions in ceramic nanoparticles. This paper introduces the development of biophotonics, which originated from the studies on UC fluorescent materials, and presents the concept of the influence of organic molecular systems on electrons of rare earth ions in inorganic nanoparticles.
{"title":"Upconversion Fluorescent Materials Studies to Lead the Development of Near Infrared Biophotonics","authors":"K. Soga","doi":"10.5650/oleoscience.22.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.22.211","url":null,"abstract":": Studies on up-conversion (UC) fluorescent materials are closely related to the emergence of materials that exhibit UC fluorescence and the development of their synthetic processes, and is also an opportunity to develop biophotonics using near-infrared light as excitation light, which has been at-tracting attention in recent years. The basis of the design of a fluorescent material is how to emit the given excitation energy as light without converting it into heat. The establishment of a method for synthesizing fluoride nanoparticles had a great influence on the development of UC fluorescent materials for biophotonics, and once a stable method for synthesizing nanoparticles is established, the design and synthesis of organic-inorganic composites using them had broken out. An important guideline in this case is again how to avoid the heat generation. It was inevitable to consider the effect of organic molecules, which have not been discussed so far, on the thermal relaxation of the excited electrons of rare earth ions in ceramic nanoparticles. This paper introduces the development of biophotonics, which originated from the studies on UC fluorescent materials, and presents the concept of the influence of organic molecular systems on electrons of rare earth ions in inorganic nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":19666,"journal":{"name":"Oleoscience","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84470728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.21.93
H. Kitazawa
Long-term food storage has recently drawn attention owing to the interest in reducing food loss and to lifestyle changes brought about by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Packaging plays an important role in the long-term storage of preser ved or emergency foods. This review explains the primary function of packaging and discusses typical materials that perform such functions; it also describes the role of packaging in maintaining food quality. The development of technology for maintaining the quality of fresh produce during long-term storage is also garnering attention. However, fresh produce packaging usually dif fers from non-perishable food packaging. Therefore, this review includes a separate section that explains the requirements for fresh produce packaging and provides the latest research on such packaging.
{"title":"Role of Packaging in Maintaining Food Quality","authors":"H. Kitazawa","doi":"10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.21.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.21.93","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term food storage has recently drawn attention owing to the interest in reducing food loss and to lifestyle changes brought about by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Packaging plays an important role in the long-term storage of preser ved or emergency foods. This review explains the primary function of packaging and discusses typical materials that perform such functions; it also describes the role of packaging in maintaining food quality. The development of technology for maintaining the quality of fresh produce during long-term storage is also garnering attention. However, fresh produce packaging usually dif fers from non-perishable food packaging. Therefore, this review includes a separate section that explains the requirements for fresh produce packaging and provides the latest research on such packaging.","PeriodicalId":19666,"journal":{"name":"Oleoscience","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74852439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.21.69
Nao Nishida-Aoki
: Exosomes, lipid bilayer vesicles secreted from almost all cells, have emerged as a novel signal mediator of cell-to-cell communication. Lipids are essential components of exosomes to outline the boundaries of exosomes and to sequester their components from the external environment. Addi-tionally, recent studies have suggested that exosomal lipids engage in exosome formation, uptake, and signal transduction to receiver cells. Lipids consisting of exosomal membrane are similar to those of cellular membrane, but some lipids seem to be actively enriched in exosomes, indicating a selective lipid loading system during exosome formation. Despite the importance and intriguing biological functions, the lipid composition of exosomes is less studied than other components due to technical diffi-culties. Here I summarize current knowledge and limitations of lipid studies of exosomes.
{"title":"Composition and Biological Activities of Exosomal Lipids Bilayers","authors":"Nao Nishida-Aoki","doi":"10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.21.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.21.69","url":null,"abstract":": Exosomes, lipid bilayer vesicles secreted from almost all cells, have emerged as a novel signal mediator of cell-to-cell communication. Lipids are essential components of exosomes to outline the boundaries of exosomes and to sequester their components from the external environment. Addi-tionally, recent studies have suggested that exosomal lipids engage in exosome formation, uptake, and signal transduction to receiver cells. Lipids consisting of exosomal membrane are similar to those of cellular membrane, but some lipids seem to be actively enriched in exosomes, indicating a selective lipid loading system during exosome formation. Despite the importance and intriguing biological functions, the lipid composition of exosomes is less studied than other components due to technical diffi-culties. Here I summarize current knowledge and limitations of lipid studies of exosomes.","PeriodicalId":19666,"journal":{"name":"Oleoscience","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88570338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.21.235
Yasushi Yamamoto, K. Taga
: When small portion of surfactant which forms thread-like micelle is added in turbulent flow, drag reduction is occurred and may provide significant savings for electric power. As for screen-ing of the surfactant for the drag reduction, vortex inhibition and viscoelastic recoil were used. While, in oil solution, such as cyclohexane or heptane, reverse thread-like micelle by cationic gemini surfac-tants was stabilized by small portion of water as matrix and was succeeded in the oil gelation. The reverse thread-like oil solution also showed the vortex inhibition and viscoelastic recoil.
{"title":"How about Thread-like Micelle?","authors":"Yasushi Yamamoto, K. Taga","doi":"10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.21.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.21.235","url":null,"abstract":": When small portion of surfactant which forms thread-like micelle is added in turbulent flow, drag reduction is occurred and may provide significant savings for electric power. As for screen-ing of the surfactant for the drag reduction, vortex inhibition and viscoelastic recoil were used. While, in oil solution, such as cyclohexane or heptane, reverse thread-like micelle by cationic gemini surfac-tants was stabilized by small portion of water as matrix and was succeeded in the oil gelation. The reverse thread-like oil solution also showed the vortex inhibition and viscoelastic recoil.","PeriodicalId":19666,"journal":{"name":"Oleoscience","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73782972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.21.215
S. Nakata
: Self-organization under nonequilibrium and open systems was reviewed using self-pro-pelled motors of which driving force is the difference in the surface tension. If nonlinearity is intro-duced into the self-propelled systems, autonomy of self-propelled objects is enhanced, and characteris-tic features of self-organization such as pattern formation, oscillation, synchronization, and bifurcation are produced. In this review, I would like to explain the mechanism of self-organized motion in various self-propelled systems.
{"title":"Self-organization under Nonequilibrium and Open Systems","authors":"S. Nakata","doi":"10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.21.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.21.215","url":null,"abstract":": Self-organization under nonequilibrium and open systems was reviewed using self-pro-pelled motors of which driving force is the difference in the surface tension. If nonlinearity is intro-duced into the self-propelled systems, autonomy of self-propelled objects is enhanced, and characteris-tic features of self-organization such as pattern formation, oscillation, synchronization, and bifurcation are produced. In this review, I would like to explain the mechanism of self-organized motion in various self-propelled systems.","PeriodicalId":19666,"journal":{"name":"Oleoscience","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87060064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5650/oleoscience.21.261
K. Yasumatsu, Mihoko Tada, Yumiko Nagai, Haruka Nakata
: Evidences have been accumulated that the taste organ is involved in the detection of fats since ~2000, because several molecules have been found to detect fatty acids in taste systems. The au-thors reported expression and function of GPR40 (FFAR1) and GPR120 (FFAR4) in mouse tongue to transmit fatty acid information to the brain. Particularly, GPR120 is involved in neural information pathway that plays role in distinguishing fatty acid taste from other primary tastes. The function of GPR120 was first reported to be involved in appetite and feeding control in the intestine through secretion of intestinal peptides, GLP-1. Recently, GPR120 is also reported in gastric ghrelin-expressing cells to suppress ghrelin secretion by fatty-acid stimulation. Taste information of fatty acids is suggested to be induce cephalic phase responses before food has reached the digestion, priming the body for an in-coming fats or oils. As for the relationship between taste and disease, due to poor taste sensitivity, obese and/or diabetic patients have a risk of taking too much lipids and seasonings. In conclusion, it is important to elucidate mechanisms for the pleasant and unpleasant taste of fats because taste is closely related to feeding behavior connecting to lifestyle-related diseases.
{"title":"Toward the Elucidation of the Biological Mechanism for the Pleasant and Unpleasant Taste of Fatty Acids","authors":"K. Yasumatsu, Mihoko Tada, Yumiko Nagai, Haruka Nakata","doi":"10.5650/oleoscience.21.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.21.261","url":null,"abstract":": Evidences have been accumulated that the taste organ is involved in the detection of fats since ~2000, because several molecules have been found to detect fatty acids in taste systems. The au-thors reported expression and function of GPR40 (FFAR1) and GPR120 (FFAR4) in mouse tongue to transmit fatty acid information to the brain. Particularly, GPR120 is involved in neural information pathway that plays role in distinguishing fatty acid taste from other primary tastes. The function of GPR120 was first reported to be involved in appetite and feeding control in the intestine through secretion of intestinal peptides, GLP-1. Recently, GPR120 is also reported in gastric ghrelin-expressing cells to suppress ghrelin secretion by fatty-acid stimulation. Taste information of fatty acids is suggested to be induce cephalic phase responses before food has reached the digestion, priming the body for an in-coming fats or oils. As for the relationship between taste and disease, due to poor taste sensitivity, obese and/or diabetic patients have a risk of taking too much lipids and seasonings. In conclusion, it is important to elucidate mechanisms for the pleasant and unpleasant taste of fats because taste is closely related to feeding behavior connecting to lifestyle-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":19666,"journal":{"name":"Oleoscience","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73933780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5650/oleoscience.21.321
M. Nishimukai, R. Maeba, H. Hara
: Plasmalogen is a subclass of phospholipids widely distributed in the biological world, from anaerobic bacteria to mammals. Although the pathophysiologic roles of Plasmalogen are poorly understood, it has long been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheim-er's disease. Recently, there have been various reports that changes of plasmalogen in the body are in-volved in metabolic diseases associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Thus, plasma/ serum Plasmalogen is a potential biomarker for these diseases. Here we describe the relationship between plasmalogen and diseases, and the various reports from conventional to new methods of plasmalogen measurement.
{"title":"Analytical Methods for Plasmalogen","authors":"M. Nishimukai, R. Maeba, H. Hara","doi":"10.5650/oleoscience.21.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.21.321","url":null,"abstract":": Plasmalogen is a subclass of phospholipids widely distributed in the biological world, from anaerobic bacteria to mammals. Although the pathophysiologic roles of Plasmalogen are poorly understood, it has long been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheim-er's disease. Recently, there have been various reports that changes of plasmalogen in the body are in-volved in metabolic diseases associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Thus, plasma/ serum Plasmalogen is a potential biomarker for these diseases. Here we describe the relationship between plasmalogen and diseases, and the various reports from conventional to new methods of plasmalogen measurement.","PeriodicalId":19666,"journal":{"name":"Oleoscience","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75231879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5650/oleoscience.21.447
M. Ebara, Akari Tasaki
The field of biomaterials has seen a strong rejuvenation due to the new potential to modulate immune system in our body. This special class of materials is called“immunomodulatory biomaterials”. Generally, three fundamental strategies are followed in the design of immunomodulatory biomaterials: (1) immuno-iner t biomaterials, (2) immuno-activating biomaterials, and (3) immuno-tolerant biomaterials. While many applications of immuno-inert biomaterials such as biocompatible medical implants have been already proposed in the past decades, the ability to engineer biological activity into synthetic materials greatly increases the number of their potential uses and improves their per formance in more traditional applications. The major focus of researchers is now set on developing immuno-tolerant biomaterials for anti-inflammatory therapies. In this review, we therefore introduce recent developments of immuno-tolerant biomaterials. Especially we introduce an apoptotic cell membrane inspired polymer and its post-inflammatory ef fects on immune cells in this ar ticle.
{"title":"Immuno-modulating Biomaterials～Apoptotic Cell-inspired Anti-inflammatory Polymers～","authors":"M. Ebara, Akari Tasaki","doi":"10.5650/oleoscience.21.447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.21.447","url":null,"abstract":"The field of biomaterials has seen a strong rejuvenation due to the new potential to modulate immune system in our body. This special class of materials is called“immunomodulatory biomaterials”. Generally, three fundamental strategies are followed in the design of immunomodulatory biomaterials: (1) immuno-iner t biomaterials, (2) immuno-activating biomaterials, and (3) immuno-tolerant biomaterials. While many applications of immuno-inert biomaterials such as biocompatible medical implants have been already proposed in the past decades, the ability to engineer biological activity into synthetic materials greatly increases the number of their potential uses and improves their per formance in more traditional applications. The major focus of researchers is now set on developing immuno-tolerant biomaterials for anti-inflammatory therapies. In this review, we therefore introduce recent developments of immuno-tolerant biomaterials. Especially we introduce an apoptotic cell membrane inspired polymer and its post-inflammatory ef fects on immune cells in this ar ticle.","PeriodicalId":19666,"journal":{"name":"Oleoscience","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86024309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5650/oleoscience.21.377
Keiichiro Yoshida
: In these days, the number of patients suffering from heat stroke is increasing. But, to de-termine heat stroke, most people tend to be empirical evidence. Therefore, we recognized the need for technology to prevent heat stroke before it happens. We have converted a single-lens camera into a near-infrared camera to measure the hemodynamic changes before and after exercise. In this study, we measured the IR images from human skin surface and calculated the reflectance images from IR images. And we performed three types of experiments, 1) Forearm measurement in the darkroom, 2) Sole measurement in the darkroom, 3) Outdoor forearm measurement. The results show that the rela-tionship between reflectance images and hemodynamic changes, it was suggested that it could be used as a guide to prevent heat stroke.
{"title":"Application to Heat Stroke Prevention Technology Based on Visualization of Hemodynamic Changes Using a General Single-Lens Camera","authors":"Keiichiro Yoshida","doi":"10.5650/oleoscience.21.377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.21.377","url":null,"abstract":": In these days, the number of patients suffering from heat stroke is increasing. But, to de-termine heat stroke, most people tend to be empirical evidence. Therefore, we recognized the need for technology to prevent heat stroke before it happens. We have converted a single-lens camera into a near-infrared camera to measure the hemodynamic changes before and after exercise. In this study, we measured the IR images from human skin surface and calculated the reflectance images from IR images. And we performed three types of experiments, 1) Forearm measurement in the darkroom, 2) Sole measurement in the darkroom, 3) Outdoor forearm measurement. The results show that the rela-tionship between reflectance images and hemodynamic changes, it was suggested that it could be used as a guide to prevent heat stroke.","PeriodicalId":19666,"journal":{"name":"Oleoscience","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86050588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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