Oral health & preventive dentistry最新文献

Purpose: To collect and evaluate the available evidence on existing tools used in research and clinical practice to assess and analyse the diet of children and adolescents for its cariogenicity.

Materials and methods: Multiple databases were searched up to October 2022, with no date, publication, or language restrictions, followed by a manual search. Study screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate. Dietary assessment tools and dental clinical parameters tested were retrieved for qualitative assessment and synthesis.

Results: Of the 2896 papers identified, 9 cohort and 23 cross-sectional studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. To assess dietary data, 13 studies used a 24-h recall, 11 used a food diary, and 7 used a food frequency questionnaire. For analysis, five studies reported using the Healthy Eating Index, ten used a score based on consumption of sugars, and the remaining analysed cariogenic diet based on the weight and frequency of sugars consumed, or the daily caloric intake from free sugars. Risk of bias assessment suggested that 65.7% of the studies were of moderate and 31.5% of high quality.

Conclusion: Inconsistency exists regarding methods used for the assessment and analysis of dietary cariogenicity. Although every dietary assessment tool has different strengths and limitations, the 24-h recall was the most commonly used method for the assessment of dietary cariogenicity and the most consistent in detecting a positive relationship between sugary diet and carious lesions. A standardised method for cariogenic analysis of dietary data needs to be determined.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among denture stomatitis patients with implant overdenture prostheses (IODs).

Materials and methods: The patients were recruited from a specialist dental practice according to selection criteria. The Candida spp. were identified and confirmed by the microbiological culture technique. Candida counts were estimated as colony-forming units (CFU/ml) at baseline, 15, 30, and 60 days. PDT was carried out twice a week with 72 h intervals for a period of 4 weeks. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. It included the demographic details of the patients, including age, gender, education, marital and socioeconomic status (SES), oral habits, and smoking status. In addition, the Oral Health Impact Profile-EDENT (OHIP-EDENT) scale was added to assess the OHRQoL of all patients before and after PDT treatment. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the t-test and the Shapiro-Wilk test; statistical signifcance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: At baseline, the overall mean Candida CFU/ml were quite high in the implant overdenture (IODs) samples, 37.12 ± 15.8, as compared to palatal mucosa samples with 5.1 ± 2.3. After PDT treatment, a statistically significant reduction was noted in the mean Candida CFU/ml on both surfaces at all follow-up visits. It was observed that all domains of OHIP-EDENT except for physical disability and handicap showed statistically significant improvement in mean scores after PDT treatment. FL, P1, P2, D2, and D3 had statistically significant mean score improvements of 2.2, 3.1, 2.2, 1.4, and 0.7, respectively. Furthermore, after PDT treatment, the total OHIP-EDENT score showed a statistically significant improvement of 11.6.

Conclusion: PDT treatment has a positive impact on the OHRQoL for patients with denture stomatitis. It can be used as an effective treatment option for the treatment of denture stomatitis in IOD patients.

Purpose: To assess the antioxidant and antineoplastic effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Materials and methods: Human squamous cell carcinoma HSCC cells were tested for cytotoxicity by a methanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (MEHSP). After 24, 48, and 72 h, the MTT assay and Trypan blue exclusion test were used to determine cell survival and death. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), DNA Protection Assay (DPA), and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAPA) measured the antioxidant activity of MEHSP.

Results: The antioxidant activity (%) ranged from 47.92-82.24 in the DPPH test, 11.61-73.65 in the DPA, and 4.97-52.09 in the FRAPA. The HSCC in-vitro cytotoxicity assay showed dose- and time-dependent cell viability. MEHSP at 5 μg/ml inhibited viable cells, while increasing MEHSP doses decreased cell viability. The Trypan blue exclusion test showed that MEHSP significantly reduced cell viability at 24, 48, and 72 h.

Conclusion: Hibiscus sabdariffa contains antioxidant and HSCC-cytotoxic properties.

Purpose: Environmental factors modulate oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The aim of this study was to analyse sociodemographic and behavioural factors affecting the OHRQoL in Spanish adolescents, by using the Child-OIDP (Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances) index.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 337 adolescent schoolchildren aged 13-15 years. A questionnaire on sociodemographic, behavioural and oral self-perception factors was administered with the Child-OIDP questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests, as well as a regression model were used in the data analysis.

Results: The overall mean Child-OIDP index was 3.28±6.55. It was statistically significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.001). Mothers having a managerial job showed statistical association with worse OHRQoL (p < 0.001). Caries experience and history of dental trauma were not associated with the oral-health-related quality of life (p > 0.05). Halitosis statistically significantly affected the activities of daily living (p < 0.001). Perceived dental problems, dental treatment needs, self-assessment of oral health status and satisfaction with oral health were associated with the impact index (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Mothers who were managers, female sex, presence of halitosis, and perceived dental treatment needs were the most important predictors of the impact index, while dietary habits, oral hygiene, and dental visits did not affect it. Knowledge of these factors will help dental professionals to apply adequate preventive and therapeutic measures.

Purpose: Dental students learn knowledge and practical skills to provide oral health care to the population. Practical skills must be maintained or continuously developed throughout a professional career. This cross-sectional survey aimed to evaluate the perception of practical skills of dental students and dental-school graduates by national dental associations (NDAs) in international comparison in the European Regional Organization of the FDI World Dental Federation (ERO-FDI) zone.

Materials and methods: A questionnaire of 14 items collected information on pre-/postgraduate areas.

Results: A total of 25 countries participated (response rate: 69.4%), with 80.0% having minimum requirements for practical skills acquisition and 64.0% starting practical training in the 3rd year of study. In countries where clinical practical work on patients begins in the 2nd year of study, practical skills of graduates are perceived as average, starting in the 3rd year of study as mainly good, starting in the 4th as varying widely from poor to very good. In total, 76.0% of respondents feel that improvements are needed before entering dental practice. Improvements could be reached by treating more patients in dental school (32.0%), increasing the quantity of clinical training (20.0%), or having more clinical instructors (12.0%). In 56.0% of the countries, it is possible to open one's own dental practice immediately after graduation, and in 16.0%, prior vocational training is mandatory.

Conclusions: All participating countries in the ERO-FDI zone reported practical training in dental school, most starting in the 3rd year of study. The perception of practical skills of dental students and dental-school graduates among NDAs is very heterogeneous. Reasons for the perceived deficiencies should be further explored.

Purpose: Previous surveys have reported that children with vitamin D deficiency were likely to suffer from early childhood caries (ECC). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine 1. whether the status of vitamin D is intrinsically related to the occurrence of ECC and 2. the optimal level of vitamin D for the prevention of ECC.

Materials and methods: The database of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase and Google scholar were searched for targeted literature. The eligibility criteria were observational studies in which children with ECC were compared to children without ECC in terms of their vitamin D status. Applying the Newcastle-Ottawa tool, study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed by 2 reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager 5.4 software.

Results: 501 articles were retrieved from the electronic databases; 11 studies were finally included in systematic review, 10 studies of which were submitted to meta-analysis. The 25(OH)D levels in the ECC group were statistically significantly lower compared with that in the caries-free group (WMD = -13.96, 95% CI: [-19.88,-8.03], p < 0.001), especially in regard to the association between S-ECC and vitamin D (WMD = -18.64, 95% CI: [-20.06,-17.22], p < 0.001). The subgroup analyses in terms of geographical region demonstrated that children with a level of 25(OH)D of 50-75 nmol/l were more likely to have ECC than those with over 75 nmol/l (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: [1.26,1.60], p < 0.001), with data from Asia and Europe combined for analysis Conclusions: The level of vitamin D was lower in children with ECC than in caries-free children, and the correlation between S-ECC and vitamin D was even stronger. The optimal 25(OH)D level for preventing occurrence and development of ECC was ≥ 75 nmol/l. Thus, clinicians should view the development of early caries also from a systemic perspective.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of a PRG Barrier Coat on biofilm formation and structure by Streptococcus mutans and propose an effective method for preventing dental caries.

Materials and methods: Streptococcus mutans MT8148 biofilms were obtained from hydroxyapatite disks with and with- out a PRG Barrier Coat. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the 12- and 24-h-cultured biofilms, while reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify caries-related genes. Biofilm adhe- sion assessments were performed on glass. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-sample t-test.

Results: A statistically significant difference in Streptococcus mutans biofilm adhesion rate was observed between the con- trol and PRG Barrier Coat-coated samples (p < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in total bacter- ial count or biofilm volume (p > 0.05). SEM revealed that the PRG Barrier Coat inhibited biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that the material restricted the expression of genes associated with caries-related bio- film formation. However, the suppression of gtfD and dexB differed from that of other genes.

Conclusion: PRG Barrier Coat suppressed biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans by inhibiting the expression of in- soluble glucan synthase, which is associated with primary biofilm formation. The material also affected gene expression and altered the biofilm structure. Tooth surface-coating materials, such as PRG Barrier Coat, may improve caries preven- tion in dental practice.

Purpose: The relationship between the number of chronic diseases and oral health problems is unclear. We sought to determine whether the number of chronic diseases and multimorbidity have an association with oral health problems in Korean adults.

Materials and methods: Data from 23,246 adults aged ≥ 19 years, who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2019, were considered for our analyses. Participants with either masticatory or speech problems were defined as the oral health problems group. Individuals who reported having had dental treatment in the last year were defined as the dental treatment group. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: The proportions of oral health problems and dental treatment were higher in participants with multimorbidity than in those without multimorbidity (all p < 0.001). Moreover, ORs of oral health problems demonstrated a tendency to increase with the number of chronic diseases, even after adjustment (p for trend < 0.001). Compared to the participants without multimorbidity, the risk of having oral health problems increased by 25% (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12-1.39), and that of receiving dental treatment increased by 23% (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.13-1.34) in patients with multimorbidity.

Conclusion: The risk of oral health problems and dental treatment increased in association with the number of chronic diseases in Korean adults. The authors emphasise the risks and importance of oral health in a large population affected by multiple chronic diseases.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between socioeconomic inequalities and oral health among adults in the Guangxi province of China.

Materials and methods: The present work was designed as a cross-sectional study, and comprises a secondary analysis of the Fourth National Oral Health Survey from 2015-2016. A multistage cluster sampling method was adopted for this survey, conducted in three urban and three rural districts Guangxi province. Dental examinations were conducted to determine oral health indicators: decayed teeth (DT), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and missing teeth (MT). The outcome measures were DT, CAL and MT. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status (SES). Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyse the relationship between SES and oral health by adjusting covariates.

Results: The sample consisted of 651 participants aged 35-74 years. Logisitic analysis showed a statistically significant association between SES and oral health indicators. In the fully adjusted model, participants with primary education were more likely to suffer more DT (OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.17-6.10), teeth with CAL ≥ 4 mm (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.25-3.67) and MT (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.65-5.60) compared to the higher education group. Participants with secondary education exhibited a higher likelihood of experiencing increased MT compared to those in the higher education group in the fully adjusted model (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.78-5.76). Household income was associated with DT and MT in the unadjusted model only.

Conclusions: There was strong relationship between SES and oral health of adults. The survey suggested a relationship between low educational attainment and oral health.

Purpose: To identify the relationship between periodontal health knowledge and oral health-related quality of life among Caribbean adults.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample from 3 Caribbean cities (weighted N = 1805). Participants completed a questionnaire on oral health knowledge, hygiene habits, and other practices, as well as the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire. The associations between knowledge and habits and OHIP-14 score and its tertiles were evaluated using negative binomial and multinomial logistic regression models, respectively, adjusting for confounders. Odds ratios and regression coefficients were reported.

Results: Participants reporting none, little, and adequate knowledge about gum health had higher odds of being in the worst tertile for OHRQoL, compared to those reporting "good knowledge" (ORnone vs good = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.59-3.54; ORlittle vs good = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.19-2.78; ORadequate vs good = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.11-2.57). Participants reporting toothbrushing ≥ twice/day were less likely to be in the worst tertile for OHRQoL, compared to those brushing less often (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48-0.92). Self-reported gum bleeding was associated with double the odds of being in the worse tertile (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.60-2.58).

Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, periodontal health knowledge is associated with reduced OHRQoL in Caribbean Adults. In addition, the frequency of brushing and the self-reported gum bleeding was related to a worse quality of life (QoL) level.