Oral health & preventive dentistry最新文献

Purpose: Dental neglect is defined as the failure of parents to take necessary measures to protect their child's oral health, prevent pain and infection, and provide essential dental treatment. This study aims to assess the level of dental neglect among children in Eastern Turkey and its relation to their oral health.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study involved the 215 children and their parents. Dental neglect was measured using the Dental Neglect Scale (DNS), which consisted of seven Likert-scale questions (ranging from 1 to 5). A questionnaire also gathered demographic data. The DNS score was calculated by summing the responses, and the children's oral health was assessed using the Oral Hygiene Index and the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Data were statistically analysed with significance set at p 0.05.

Results: The average DMFT score was 7.24 ± 3.01, and the average DNS score was 16.24 ± 4.72. A statistically significant correlation was found between DMFT and the DNS score (correlation coefficient 0.162, p = 0.018). A statistically significant difference was noted between the mother's education level and the Dental Neglect Score (p = 0.006), but no statistically significant differences were observed concerning paternal education, family income, or frequency of dental visits.

Conclusion: High DMFT scores and low maternal education levels are linked to higher dental neglect. Mothers play a crucial role in their children's oral health. Identifying mothers who do not provide adequate attention to their children as well as children in need of oral care is essential for implementing early, tailored interventions.

Objectives: To evaluate the oral health of professional footballers and to investigate possible determinants of oral health as well as the self-reported impacts on well-being, quality of life (QoL), and performance.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on professional soccer players of the Calabria region, Italy. The outcome measures were the following: DMFT (decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth), DMFS (decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth surfaces), BEWE (basic erosive wear examination), CPI (community periodontal index), CPITN (community periodontal index of treatment needs), Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14).

Results: One hundred and sixty footballers were recruited from seven clubs. The median age of the players was 25 years (19-39) years. The mean DMFT was 2.8 ± 2.9, and the multiple logistic regression analyses showed a positive association with frequent intake of drinks rich in sugar (OR = 3.69, 95% CI = 1.59-8.56) and sports drinks (OR = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.09-12.75). Dental erosions were present in 48.1% of footballers and periodontal diseases in 50%, with a positive association with frequent intake of energy drinks (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.09-7.51). The OHIP-14 showed that 30.6% of participants reported having had pain in their teeth/mouth/dentures occasionally.

Conclusions: Results from the present study showed that the oral health of professional soccer players in Southern Italy was poor, especially regarding caries, erosion, and periodontal diseases. Moreover, OHIP-14 showed an impact on oral health in soccer players' QoL, revealing that poor oral health negatively affected professional well-being and performance. Results suggest the need for prevention interventions for professional athletes.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavioural habits, basic knowledge and handwashing habits of dental hygiene students regarding infection control procedures.

Materials and methods: 60 dental hygiene students answered 26 questions and one open-ended question on infection control procedures between May and June 2023. The questions were designed to assess dental hygiene students' attitudes about infection control protocols and handwashing practices.

Results: According to the results of the questionnaire, it was observed that students had a high awareness of the necessity of handwashing but a low awareness of other infection control methods. The main reasons for not washing hands were found to be lack of time and forgetfulness due to workload and lack of adequate handwashing areas.

Conclusions: Providing adequate protective equipment, reducing the high workload that may cause forgetfulness and reducing physical deficiencies such as increasing the number of handwashing units are measures that can increase washes. It is important to increase the level of education and knowledge of healthcare professionals in line with current information on handwashing and infection prevention procedures.

Purpose: To assess the association between periodontal health and pregnancy or delivery complications in type 1 diabetic (TIDM) and non-diabetic pregnant women.

Materials and methods: 15 TIDM and 15 non-diabetic primiparous women were enrolled in the prospective case-control study. We compared periodontal status, levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), gestational week of birth, birth weight of a newborn and pregnancy or delivery complications between the groups.

Results: TIDM pregnant women gave birth statistically significantly earlier (2 weeks) (p = 0.034), but not before the 37th week of gestation. The odds ratio (OR) for pregnancy or delivery complications was ~ 5 times greater (95% CI: 1.1-26.4; p = 0.033) and for Caesarean section (C-section) ~ 6 times greater (95%CI: 1.2-30.7; p = 0.032) in TIDM group. The association between periodontal disease (PD) and pregnancy or delivery complications was not statistically significant in either group. The presence of TIDM (p = 0.002; R2 = 0.28), a higher bleeding-on-probing/full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS) (p = 0.043; R2 = 0.14), and a higher level of HbA1c (p = 0.026; R2 = 0.16) were statistically significantly more often associated with an earlier gestational week of birth. Higher levels of HbA1c were statistically significantly positively associated with a higher frequency of pregnancy or delivery complications (p = 0.024) and a higher frequency of C-section (p = 0.051).

Conclusion: There are strong indications that both endocrinological and periodontal therapy should form a part of preventive prenatal care.

Purpose: To compare remineralisation efficacy between silver diamine fluoride (SDF) combined with potassium iodide (KI) and sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish using hydroxyapatite (HAP) artificial white spot lesions (AWSLs) demineralisation model.

Materials and methods: A total of 25 HAP disks was randomly divided into five groups (n = 5): baseline, AWSLs, deionized water (DW), SDF-KI or F-varnish. After AWSLs were developed, the specimen was treated with either deionized water, SDF-KI or F-varnish. These specimens were then subjected to pH-cycling for 7 days. The remineralisation potential was assessed by measuring changes in Vickers hardness (VHN). Morphological and compositional analyses were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Ion-selective electrodes (ISE) were utilised to measure calcium and fluoride release.

Results: SDF-KI treatment demonstrated statistically significant remineralisation potential in restoring VHN values vs baseline levels (p 0.001). SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses confirmed the mineral deposits to indicate remineralisation. The uptake of calcium was higher in SDF-KI than in F-varnish (p = 0.011). The fluorapatite (FAP) and fluoride-substituted apatite formation were validated by FTIR and XRD analyses.

Conclusion: SDF-KI and F-varnish applications are both effective in promoting remineralisation on HAP disks. The application of SDF-KI affected the physicochemical and mechanical properties of demineralised HAP. The SDF-KI showed more formation of fluoride-substituted apatite and is effective in the hardening of demineralised HAP.

Purpose: Oral health problems in patients with cancer can substantially affect their quality of life, treatment outcomes, and overall nutritional well-being. This study investigated the relationship between nutritional status and self-reported oral health complaints in patients with cancer.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with cancer at the King Saud University Medical City Oncology Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patients' nutritional status was assessed using the mini nutritional assessment short form (MNA-SF), and self-reported oral health problems were documented. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression.

Results: This study included 200 participants who completed both the MNA-SF assessment and self-reported their oral health complaints. Common oral health problems included xerostomia (81%), bleeding gums (60.5%), toothaches (35%), and mouth ulcers (24%). Malnourished individuals reported higher rates of all oral complaints, with 54% of them experiencing bleeding gums, 50% reporting toothaches, and 54% experiencing speech problems. Notably, 71% of malnourished patients reported mouth ulcers (P 0.05). Regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association (P 0.05) between xerostomia and the 'At risk of malnutrition' group, with an odds ratio of 1.004 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.411-2.449). In the 'Malnourished' category, mouth ulcers showed a statistically significant association (P 0.05) with an odds ratio of 1.402 (95% CI: 0.409-4.800).

Conclusion: Our findings highlighted statistically significant correlations between nutritional status, as assessed using the MNA-SF, and oral health complaints in patients with cancer. Well-nourished individuals reported fewer oral complaints, whereas malnourished patients reported a higher prevalence of oral health issues.

Purpose: To evaluate the oral health status of community-dwellers ≥ 45 years of age in the canton of Bern, Switzerland.

Materials and methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire (including sociodemographic factors, medical history, oral health behaviour) and a clinical examination comprising caries, periodontal disease, oral hygiene, and prosthetic rehabilitation. χ2/Fisher's tests and Cochrane Armitage trend tests as well as a binary logistic regression were performed to assess the association between oral disease presence (i.e., periodontal disease [PSI (periodontal screening index) score 3-4] and/or active dental caries [ICDAS 4-6, root ICDAS 2]) and the independent variables.

Results: A total of 275 participants were included in the present study: 154 (56%) males and 121 (44%) females, with a mean age of 69.7 years (SD 11.6). The majority presented with good oral health behaviour; 221 (86%) brushed their teeth at least twice daily, 196 (79%) had regular dental visits. Nevertheless, 82 (32%) participants presented with an approximal plaque index of > 50%. The older age groups and participants with bleeding gums had higher odds of having active dental caries and/or periodontal disease (65-74 years - OR 2.88 [95% CI 1.33-6.25], ≥75 years - OR 2.60 [95% CI 1.17-5.78], bleeding gums OR 3.52 [95% CI 1.07-11.50]).

Conclusion: The present study shows an association between age, oral hygiene, and the presence of active caries and periodontal disease. The study highlights the importance of good oral hygiene maintenance, especially in older adults.

Purpose: To make micro-CT comparison and evaluation of sealant penetration depth in different types of fissures after heating of the material or application of vibrations.

Materials and methods: One hundred sound third molars have been sealed as follows: group 1 (n = 20), light-cured resin sealant at room temperature, group 2 (n = 20), light-cured resin sealant, preheated to 41.0°C, group 3 (n = 20), light-cured resin sealant, preheated to 51.0°C, group 4 (n = 20), resin sealant with application of vibrations before light-curing at room temperature, group 5 (n = 20), resin-modified glass-ionomer cement. The samples were analysed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The profile of each fissure was classified, and the penetration depth of the sealant into the fissure and the fissure depth were measured. The ratio of filled area and total depth of the fissure was calculated in percentages.

Results: Pre-heating of the sealants and the usage of a vibrating tool improved the penetration depth compared to the application of the material at room temperature. U- and V-type fissures exhibited better penetration capability than others. For IK-type fissures, the best penetration was observed with resin sealant heated at 51.0°C. I-shaped fissures exhibited lower penetration rates despite the heating process. Glass-ionomer cement showed the least depth penetration.

Conclusion: Pre-heating of the resin sealant or application of vibrations improve statistically significantly penetration in the different fissure types.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of peri-implant diseases and their potential risk indicators in a private practice setting.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated data from 390 subjects (mean age 55.8 ± 11.6 years) with implant-supported prosthetic reconstructions, who were enrolled in a maintenance program for 6.25 ± 3.36 years. Clinical evaluation included peri-implant probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and full-mouth plaque scores (FMPS). Radiographic evaluation was performed using retro-alveolar radiographs for each implant. Further, smoking habits, history of periodontitis, or tooth loss due to periodontal disease, presence/absence of keratinized mucosa ≥ 2 mm and the quality of the prosthetic restoration were also assessed. The prevalence of the peri-implant disease (at the subject/implant level) was determined and various potential risk indicators were evaluated by multi-level logistic regression analysis.

Results: The prevalence of peri-implant diseases was 37.7% and 23.3% at the subject and implant level, respectively. 14.3% of the subjects were diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis and 8.9% were diagnosed with advanced peri-implantitis (PI). PI was statistically significantly associated with poor (FMPS > 0.45, p 0.001) or moderate oral hygiene (FMPS: 0.3-0.45, p 0.001), a history of periodontitis (p 0.001), lack of keratinized tissue ≥2 mm (p 0.001) or implant function time > 5 years (p 0.001).

Conclusion: In a private practice setting, a prevalence of peri-implant diseases of 37.7%/ 23.3% (subject/implant level) was found. Poor oral hygiene, history of periodontitis, a keratinized mucosa 2 mm and a time in function ≥ 5 years have been associated with the occurrence of peri-implant diseases.

Purpose: This in-vitro study was conducted to assess the fracture resistance of resin-bonded ceramic endocrowns with different designs at varying intracoronal depths.

Materials and methods: Forty-eight (n = 48) extracted mandibular first molar teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12). In the control group, the specimens remained untreated. Whereas the specimens in the test groups A, B, and C were decapitated 2 mm above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and endodontically treated. The test groups were prepared with a butt-joint design in a standardised manner with varying intracoronal depths. Groups A, B, and C were prepared to receive lithium disilicate endocrown with intracoronal cores at 0 mm, 2 mm, and 4 mm, respectively. Crowns were fabricated as a non-anatomical design with a thickness of 3 mm. After ceramic bonding procedures, specimens underwent thermocyclic ageing prior to the fracture resistance test. Specimens were loaded at a 15-degree angle using the Universal Testing Machine and the failure modes were observed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square were utilised for data statistical analyses.

Results: Significant statistical results in fracture resistance tests were found in all experimental groups. The highest load was found in group B, followed by group C, and lastly group A (P 0.05). Although endocrowns with no extension had the lowest fracture resistance, they showed a favourable cohesive failure with statistically no significant difference from the control group.

Conclusion: In bonded ceramic endocrowns, the fracture resistance is not newcessarily proportional to the intracanal depth. The intrcoronal cores of 4 mm did not show the highest fracture resistance, and their mode of failure was catastrophic compared to endocrowns with no intracoronal extensions.