Oral health & preventive dentistry最新文献

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the utilisation of Instagram primarily as a marketing tool among dentists in Saudi Arabia and its perceived impact on patient engagement.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 385 dentists using a convenience sampling method. The questionnaire collected data on demographics, Instagram usage patterns, perception of marketing strategies on the platform, and factors influencing the selection of a dentist or dental clinic. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics and presented as descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses.

Results: A total of 385 responses were received, yielding a response rate of 64.2%. Approximately 77.1% of participants reported regular Instagram use, with nearly half accessing the platform more than three times per day. Most respondents indicated using Instagram for personal purposes (42.9%) and marketing (39%). The most effective marketing strategies identified were paid promotional advertisements (75%), Instagram searches (55%), and patient recommendations (50.1%). Key content-related factors enhancing account appeal included clinical case photos (84.9%) and high-quality images (99%). Dentists working in the private sector were more likely to utilise Instagram for marketing and reported a significant increase in patient flow (60%) as a result.

Conclusion: Instagram serves as a valuable marketing platform for Saudi dental professionals, particularly in the private sector. The platform enhances patient outreach, practice visibility, and brand building. Further research is recommended to explore ethical guidelines, content strategies, and potential applications in professional and patient education.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess factors that impact midazolam dose for intravenous sedation (IVS) in dental patients with anxiety.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective, observational study for adult, anxious patients (moderate to severe dental anxiety) who had different types of dental procedures under IVS with midazolam and local anaesthesia. A logbook of dental patients who had dental procedures was used to collect data on an Excel sheet (Microsoft Excel Workbook 2024).

Results: Data of 233 patients were recorded. The average dose of IVS with midazolam delivered was 6.62 mg (SD = 3.24). Multivariable logistic regression found that two variables were statistically significant predictors for the IVS with midazolam dose, which are age (B = 1.30, S.E = 0.47, Exp(B) = 3.68, 95% CI = 1.45-9.33, P = 0.006) and non-surgical periodontal therapy with root planing (B = 0.85, SE = 0.39, Exp(B) = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.08-5.12, P = 0.031).

Conclusions: Younger patients and non-surgical periodontal therapy with root planing appear to be predictors for higher doses of IVS with midazolam. Other variables that were not predictors to affect IVS with midazolam dose, such as medical history, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, medications, and others, are crucial, and they should not be neglected when designing the treatment plan to deliver dental treatment under IVS with midazolam.

Purpose: Implant stability, related to mechanical (primary) and biological (secondary) bone-to-implant interactions, is essential for osseointegration. Implant surface bioactivation is a process designed to accelerate and enhance surface-cell interaction.The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether a beneficial effect of bioactive (BS) over traditional surfaces (TS) can be identified.

Materials and methods: An electronic search of Pubmed, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases was performed to identify randomized (RCT) and non-randomized controlled trials comparing BS and TS implants. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for RCTs and the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for non-RCTs. Outcome variables were implant stability quotient (ISQ) measured through resonance frequency analysis from placement to prosthetic loading, one-year implant survival rate, and marginal bone loss (MBL). Meta-analysis was performed where possible.

Results: Of the 6920 records identified, 13 RCTs and two non-RCTs were included, reporting on 1256 implants (49.8% TS and 50.2% BS) in 596 patients. Four of the studies had a low risk of bias, three had a moderate risk and eight had a high risk. The meta-analysis showed no evidence of an effect of implant surface on survival rate (p = 0.99, 10 studies) and MBL (p = 0.86, 5 studies). At baseline (10 studies) and at one month (9 studies) the ISQ did not differ statistically significantly different between groups. A statistically significantly greater increase in ISQ was found for the BS implants compared to the TS implants (p = 0.04) at three months after placement (9 studies).

Conclusion: An advantage of BS over TS during the early osseointegration phase could not be demonstrated, but a positive effect on implant stability seems to occur after three months of placement. The statement that bioactive surfaces may safely allow early and immediate implant loading is insufficiently supported by the current evidence.

Purpose: Periodontal and cardiovascular diseases are prevalent chronic conditions sharing common pathogenic pathways involving bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation. This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on cardiovascular risk biomarkers, including endothelial function, systemic inflammation and thrombosis markers, and lipid and glucose metabolism, in patients with or without comorbidities.

Materials and methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases, following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and supplemented by manual searches. Eligible studies were published after 2010, written in English, and involved adult patients with moderate to severe periodontitis treated with NSPT. Risk of bias was assessed for all included studies.

Results: Sixteen studies were included. NSPT was associated with a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), as well as with decreased HbA1c levels, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes. Improvements in endothelial function were observed, notably a reduction in endothelial microparticles (EMPs), although results across vascular parameters such as flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and PWV were heterogeneous. Effects on lipid profiles were inconsistent and generally modest.

Conclusion: NSPT shows moderate to high clinical relevance by improving key cardiovascular biomarkers especially inflammation and glycaemic control with both healthy and comorbid patients. These findings support the integration of periodontal care into cardiovascular risk mana-gement strategies, though further research is needed to confirm effects on lipid metabolism and vascular function.

Purpose: To examine the microbiota in the oral mucosa and saliva of patients with herpetiform aphthous ulcers (HAU) and compare it with healthy individuals.

Materials and methods: 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to analyze the oral mucosal bacterial communities of healthy individuals (healthy controls) and HAU patients (ulcerated sites, healthy sites, and healed ulcer sites).

Results: Species richness in patients with HAU was statistically significantly lower than in healthy individuals. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes in the healthy sites of HAU patients was lower, while that of Proteobacteria was higher compared to healthy controls. In the ulcerated sites, the abundance of Firmicutes diminished, and the abundance of Proteobacteria increased relative to the healthy sites. In the healed ulcer sites, the abundance of these two phyla had partially recovered but had not yet reached the level of healthy sites in the ulcer phase. At the genus level, the abundance of Streptococcus in the healthy sites of HAU patients was lower than that in healthy controls, whereas Haemophilus_D was higher. In the ulcerated sites, the abundance of Streptococcus decreased, while the abundances of Neisseria and Haemophilus_D increased compared to the healthy sites. In the healed ulcer sites, the abundance of these three bacterial genera recovered to levels close to those in healthy sites during the ulcer phase. LEfSe analysis indicated that o_Enterobacterales_A, f_Pasteurellaceae, f_Erysipelotrichaceae, g_Bulleidia, f_Peptoniphilaceae, and g_Parvimonas were identified as biomarkers in the ulcerated sites.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the distinct microbial signatures associated with HAU and suggest that microbial community changes may play a role in disease progression and healing.

Purpose: To evaluate restorative strategies for compromised first permanent molars in pediatric patients, with emphasis on determining the optimal timing for intervention.

Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across four electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Among the 127 retrieved articles, 42 studies that met the predefined inclusion criteria were incorporated into the analysis.

Results: Restoration of compromised first permanent molars can be accomplished through both direct and indirect techniques. Standardized protocols for the management of severely compromised first permanent molars are still lacking.

Conclusions: The principal determinants guiding treatment encompass patient cooperation, defect severity, dental developmental stage, pulp status and passive eruption.

Clinical relevance: High-quality research is required to establish evidence-based guidelines for the restoration of compromised molars in the pediatric population.

Purpose: To assess and classify the strategies employed in various dental specialities for the prevention and management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).

Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, acquiring studies sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed. The emphasis was on studies published in recent years, focusing on successful MRONJ prevention techniques across various dental specialties.

Results: Four types of prevention were identified. Primary prevention strategies include optimizing oral hygiene, managing dental caries, and extraction of hopeless teeth in patients before starting antiresorptive or antiangiogenic medications, to reduce MRONJ risk. Secondary prevention techniques involve tailored approaches during procedures employed during different dental specialties aimed at reducing complications in susceptible patients. Tertiary prevention focuses on managing established MRONJ, aiming to relieve symptoms and prevent further deterioration. Quaternary prevention seeks to limit overmedicalisation and reduce risks associated with medications that contribute to MRONJ development.

Conclusion: Primary prevention remains the prevention of choice in terms of minimising the possible incidence of MRONJ, while secondary and tertiary prevention strategies are vital for managing risks and improving outcomes in susceptible patients. Quaternary prevention requires more research focusing on reducing the incidence of underlying conditions such as osteoporosis and cancer, which are associated with MRONJ development.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the impact of rose hip oil emulsion (ROE) on the healing of oral ulcers. The study first utilised the MTT kit to examine the effect of 20 mg/mL ROE on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) proliferation at the cellular level and its effect in treating oral mucosal ulcers at the experimental level.

Materials and methods: Sixty-six adult male rats with a chemically induced ulcer in the buccal mucosa. The animals were distributed randomly into two groups: a control group that had not received any treatment and a test group that was treated with topical ROE 3 times per day for 10 days. The samples were obtained on day 3, day 7, and day 10, and then the tissue staining was done using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and histomorphometric analysis.

Results: The findings of this study demonstrated from cellular investigations that 20 mg/mL ROE can efficiently stimulate HGF proliferation at 24, 48, and 72 h. The animal study results revealed that ROE could substantially boost the healing of the induced ulcer model by lowering the inflammatory cells and extensively promoting collagen formation within the ulcer site on days 3 and 7.

Conclusion: The topical application of 20 mg/mL ROE possesses anti-inflammatory properties, increasing the epithelium thickness and promoting collagen production and remodelling. Therefore, the rosehip oil emulsion can be considered an effective pro-healing agent that accelerates the healing of oral ulcers.

Purpose: Peri-implantitis (PI) is the primary cause of implant failure, and genetic susceptibility significantly influences its development. This study investigated the association between the MMP-8 rs11225395 polymorphism and PI in the Chinese Han population.

Materials and methods: In this study, 140 Chinese Han patients diagnosed with PI and 156 healthy implant controls were included. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the MMP-8 rs11225395 polymorphism, and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was conducted to assess the representativeness of the samples. Additionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilised to quantify the expression levels of MMP-8, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for PI disease.

Results: There were statistically significant differences in the genotype and allele distributions of the MMP-8 rs11225395 locus between PI patients and the control group. Rs11225395 T allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of PI, particularly for individuals with the TC/TT genotype who exhibited higher susceptibility to the disease. Periodontal status indicators differed markedly among PI patients with different genotypes. Factors such as plaque index, brushing daily, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and MMP-8 rs11225395 polymorphism played crucial roles in PI risk. Additionally, MMP-8 expressions were upregulated in PI patients. Specifically, at the rs11225395 locus, individuals with the TC/TT genotype showed a significantly higher relative expression level of MMP-8.

Conclusion: The MMP-8 rs11225395 polymorphism was significantly associated with genetic susceptibility to PI.

Objective: To develop a risk score model based on drug-sensitivity-related genes to predict the prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods and materials: In this study, transcriptome from OSCC patients was downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases, and differential gene expression analysis was performed using R's 'limma' package. LASSO Cox regression identified key prognostic genes. We stratified patients into low- and high-risk groups and estimated survival rates using Kaplan-Meier. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune infiltration analysis were conducted to understand the potential pathways and tumour microenvironment. A nomogram model was constructed for prognosis prediction.

Results: Our study identified 118 candidate genes from three data sets and narrowed them down to four prognostic genes (IGF2BP2, PLAU, CEP55, CMYA5) using univariate Cox regression and LASSO Cox regression. A risk score model was developed which could predict patient prognosis. The model's prognostic value was independent of age, gender, and stage. A nomogram model incorporating risk score and age was constructed for personalised survival prediction. Tumour mutation burden analysis showed that the mutation rate of TP53 was higher in the high-risk group. Immune landscape analysis uncovered distinct immune cell infiltration patterns and immune checkpoint expression levels between different risk groups, suggesting implications for immunotherapy strategies.

Conclusion: The risk score model constructed using drug-sensitivity-related genes IGF2BP2, PLAU, CEP55, and CMYA5 may predict the prognosis of OSCC patients.