Oral health & preventive dentistry最新文献

Purpose: This study investigated the association between periodontitis and oral HPV infection, while exploring the role of oral bacterial microbiota diversity.

Methods and materials: Data from 4,685 adults in the NHANES 2009-2012 cycles were analysed. Periodontitis was defined based on clinical examination, and oral HPV infection was identified using PCR from oral rinse samples. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to assess the relationship, adjusting for body mass index (BMI), age, sex, ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, daily dental flossing, and history of systemic diseases. Subgroup analyses were stratified by age, sex, and education. Mediation analysis was performed to evaluate whether the oral microbiome acts as a mediator in the relationship between periodontitis and oral HPV infection.

Results: No statistically significant overall association was found between periodontitis and oral HPV infection (P > 0.05). However, females with moderate to severe periodontitis exhibited increased odds of oral HPV infection (P 0.05). Oral HPV infection was associated with greater microbial diversity (higher operational taxonomic units [OTUs]). No significant mediating effect of the oral microbiome was observed.

Conclusion: Moderate to severe periodontitis appears to be associated with higher odds of oral HPV infection in females. These findings highlight the potential relationship between oral health, microbial diversity, and oral HPV infection.

Clinical implication: In the general population, periodontitis does not appear to be a major risk factor for oral HPV; however, female with moderate to severe periodontitis and individuals with higher educati-on showed increased odds of oral HPV infection, suggesting that maintaining periodontal health may be particularly important for HPV related risk management in these subgroups.

Purpose: Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is a minimally invasive approach aimed at preserving pulp vitality in cases of caries or trauma. Despite advancements in diagnostic tools and bioactive materials, clinical practices vary significantly. This study explored the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative practices of dental professionals in Saudi Arabia regarding VPT, with a focus on diagnostic tools, rubber dam isolation, and material selection. The aim was to identify practice variability and evidence-based gaps and propose strategies to standardise care.

Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 dental professionals using a validated online questionnaire. Data collection spanned December 2024 to early March 2025. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, including the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, were employed to compare practices across groups, while binary logistic regression identified predictors of good knowledge (≥70%). A P value 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Preoperative practices highlighted frequent use of pulp sensibility testing (79.1%) and periapical radiographs (50%), with cold testing as the preferred method (52.6%). However, advanced tools like CBCT were underutilised. Intraoperatively, 67.2% consistently used rubber dam isolation, while calcium hydroxide (22.5%) was the most commonly used pulp capping material, despite increasing adoption of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and biodentine. Postoperatively, 46% adhered to a 3-6 month follow-up interval, relying on cold testing and percussion for assessment. Logistic regression revealed postgraduate education, specialisation, and frequency of VPT procedures as significant predictors of evidence-based practices.

Conclusion: The findings highlight significant variability in VPT practices among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia, emphasising the need for targeted training programmes and standardised guidelines to bridge evidence-based gaps, improve clinical consistency, and optimise patient outcomes.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic prescribing habits, guideline awareness, and allergy management practices among dentists performing oral surgical procedures in Turkey.

Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with 263 dentists between January and March 2025. A 25-item questionnaire collected data on demographics, prescribing criteria, prophylactic use, guideline adherence, allergy/hypersensitivity management, and educational needs. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry Ethics Committee (Decision No: 7/1). The data were analysed via descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests (P 0.05).

Results: Penicillin-based antibiotics were most preferred (95.4%). Only 18.3% of the patients consistently followed clinical guidelines, and 16.0% referred patients for allergy testing. While 58.6% chose alternative antibiotics in suspected allergy cases, only 35.4% always informed patients about potential side effects. Awareness of national antibiotic guidelines was reported by 69.6%, but only 33.1% applied them. Statistically significant associations were found between professional title and both guideline adherence (P = 0.015) and monthly prescribing frequency (P = 0.018). Most dentists (77.9%) disagreed with stopping antibiotics when symptoms improved, preferring full courses.

Conclusion: Dentists in Türkiye frequently rely on empirical antibiotic prescribing in oral surgical procedures, with limited adherence to available clinical guidelines and insufficient attention to allergy management. Although awareness of antimicrobial resistance is relatively high, its translation into evidence-based practice remains inadequate. These findings emphasise the need for clearer national protocols, incorporation of antibiotic stewardship into dental education, and enhanced clinical training in allergy recognition to promote safer and more rational antibiotic use.

Purpose: To determine the frequency and factors associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the Peruvian population.

Materials and methods: This retrospective study (2013 to 2022) included data from clinical records of 416 patients from the Head-and-Neck and Oncology Services in two public hospitals in Lima. The primary variable included the presence, location, and degree of differentiation of OSCC with a confirmatory diagnosis from anatomy pathology. Secondary variables included demographic and health data. Comparisons were analyzed using prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and statistical significance set at p 0.05.

Results: OSCC was identified in 169 cases (40.6%; 95% CI: 35.9‒45.4). Localization was frequently on the tongue (lateral border 34.5%, mobile 9.5% and base 7.1%), with a well- or moderately differentiated grade (97.4%). The presence of OSCC was similar in both sexes (1.2:1 ratio), was more prevalent in individuals aged 51 to 80 years (66.9%), retired (40.1%), born on the coast (66.7%) and diagnosed in 2018 and 2019 (30.8%). The PRs of OSCC were statistically significantly higher in men (palate: PR 2.77), patients >50 years (presence PR 1.54, lip: 5.28, moderately and well-differentiated: PR 1.11), retired persons (lip: PR 5.52), and those born in the highlands (lip: PR 2.4) (p ≤ 0.04).

Conclusion: OSCC was frequent in cases of suspected oral cancer, and more frequently affected the tongue, was well- or moderately differentiated, and associated with the demographic factors of sex, age, occupation, and region of birth.

Purpose: Mercury toxicity from amalgam restorations is discussed as both a physician-patient issue and an environmental concern. This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to evaluate the awareness of dentists in Turkey regarding safe amalgam removal protocols.

Methods and materials: A 42-question online survey addressing sociodemographic characteristics, educational background, and knowledge of amalgam, removal procedures and their alternatives was conducted between May and September 2024, reaching a sample size of 269 participants. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25.0 for Windows, and a P-value 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Participants reported a 97.2% rate of undergraduate amalgam training, including both theoretical and clinical components; however, only 23.6% were currently using amalgam in practice. Additionally, 39.7% stated their knowledge about safe removal was insufficient or uncertain, and just 45.6% expressed concern about mercury's environmental impact.

Conclusion: Governments and professional organisations should actively promote environmentally responsible practices through strategies focused on education, awareness, and sustainability to protect public health and natural resources.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between the multivitamins with dental caries.

Materials and methods: Our study investigated the association between eight vitamins (including vitamin A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, K and E) with dental caries in the NHANES. The mixed effects of multiple vitamins on dental caries were assessed using weighted quantile sum (WQS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Mediation analysis was performed to explore the role of inflammatory indicators in vitamin deficiency-induced dental caries. Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis was utilised to determine the potential causal relationship between multivitamins and dental caries.

Results: All the 5,145 individuals enrolled in our study, finally 1,715 were diagnosed with dental caries. The result of Model 3 after adjusting for all vitamins and covariates indicated that only vitamin B12 was negatively associated with dental caries in other three quartiles compared with the lowest quartile. Moreover, the dental caries risk decreased with increased concentration levels of multiple vitamins in the BKMR model. Vitamin B12 was confirmed as the main contributor to the association in WQS analysis. Mediation analysis indicated that four inflammatory indicators were the potential effects of vitamin B12 on dental caries. During MR analysis, a causality between vitamin B12 deficiency and dental caries was found.

Conclusion: The cross-sectional study discovered a negative association between vitamin mixtures exposure and dental caries prevalence, with vitamin B12 as the main contributor. MR analysis also supported a causality between vitamin B12 deficiency and dental caries.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of halitosis and explore associated factors among university students in Guangxi, Southern China.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among university students aged 18-25 from 10 universities in Guangxi using multi-stage stratified random sampling. Face-to-face, paper-based questionnaires were administered to collect participants' general information and data on self-reported halitosis. Organoleptic testing (OLT) was used as the clinical reference standard for diagnosing organoleptic halitosis. Standardised oral examinations were also conducted to evaluate participants' oral health status. A bidirectional stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with self-reported and organoleptic halitosis.

Results: Of the 1,377 participants, 34.9% self-reported halitosis, and 33.9% were diagnosed with organoleptic halitosis by the OLT. The agreement rate between the two methods was 65.4%, with a Cohen's κ coefficient of 0.23, indicating fair concordance. In the final multivariate regression analysis, self-reported halitosis was significantly associated with self-perceived stress, dry mouth, food impaction, gingival bleeding, and respiratory tract diseases. In contrast, organoleptic halitosis was significantly associated with smoking, infrequent water intake, lack of daily tongue cleaning, and poor oral hygiene. The absence of regular dental scaling and a tongue coating score (TCS) ≥5 were common correlates of both self-reported and organoleptic halitosis.

Conclusion: The prevalence of halitosis in this population based on the OLT was 33.9%. Early identification and patient education may help reduce the burden of halitosis and improve overall oral health.

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of an ormocer-based adhesive and an ormocer-based flowable resin composite on dentine bond strength and failure modes using the snow-plow technique.

Materials and methods: Sixty-six samples were divided into six subgroups: universal adhesive, ormocer-based adhesive, and their combinations with or without the snow-plow technique (using either nanohybrid or ormocer-based flowable composite). All groups were etched, an adhesive agent was applied, and composite materials were placed. Samp-les were stored at 37°C in distilled water.

Results: No statistically significant differences in bond strength were found among the groups. There was no difference between the universal adhesive and ormocer-based adhe-sive, or between the nanohybrid and ormocer-based flowable composites. The snow-plow technique also did not significantly affect bond strength (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: The use of an ormocer-based flowable composite, an ormocer-based adhesive, or the snow-plow technique did not significantly influence short-term dentine bond strength.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory RSV-mouthwash in reducing halitosis-related P. gingivalis and clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], and bleeding on probing [BOP]) in undergraduate dental students with plaque-induced gingivitis.

Materials and methods: This research was conducted as a randomized, triple-blind clinical trial involving 54 participants who had halitosis associated with plaque-induced gingivitis. Resveratrol (RSV) mouthwash was used by the test group, and 0.2% CHX digluconate mouthwash was used as the positive control. The mouthwash used in the negative control group was distilled water (DW). Clinical parameters, including PI, GI, and BOP, were examined at the baseline appointment and again after one week of using mouthwashes alongside routine oral hygiene measures. Porphyromonas gingivalis was chosen as the target microbe due to its known status as a major pathogen linked to periodontal disease and bad breath. The presence of P. gingivalis was evaluated and compared before and after treatment by real-time PCR. During the last appointment, the participants responded to an mouthwash-assessment questionnaire based on a visual analog scale (VAS). Data description, analysis, and presentation were performed using the SPSS, with the significance level set at p 0.05. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06882564).

Results: RSV and CHX statistically significantly reduced halitosis scores, PI, BOP, GI, and the level of P. gingivalis in plaque samples. According to participants' answers to the mouthwash survey, there were no statistically significant differences between RSV and CHX.

Conclusion: RSV mouthwash has a statistically significant effect on the treatment of P. gingivalis-related halitosis when used as an adjunct to routine oral care. RSV caused a statistically significant decrease in clinical periodontal parameters, including PI, BOP, GI, and halitosis scores, with a statistically significant reduction in the level of P. gingivalis. Thus, RSV shows promising short-term efficacy and warrants further longer-term and larger-scale studies.