Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2424
Z. D. Sahid, M. Syukur, A. Maharijaya, W. Nurcholis
Abstract Ornamental chili is a type of chili plant that favors the value of beauty but still has a spicy taste. It generally has a purple fruit color because they contain anthocyanins. The biochemical content in ornamental chili is believed to have benefits for human health. This study aims to identify several biochemical compounds in several genotypes of ornamental chili and pure lines. The study was conducted using the microplate method which was repeated three times. The research design used was a completely randomized design with a single factor genotype. Sixteen genotypes of chili were used, consisting of 4 genotypes of ornamental chilies and 12 genotypes of pure lines. The results showed that the ornamental chili genotype Nazla IPB contained 83.27% α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The pure lines genotype F10 145174-9-7-1-5-3-1-2-5 contained the second-largest α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (80.67%) and the highest antioxidant DPPH (15.40 μmol TE g.-1 extract). The highest antioxidant of the FRAP method was shown in Adelina IPB’s ornamental chili. The correlation between biochemical parameters showed that DPPH-AGI was significantly positively correlated and FRAP-AGI was negatively correlated. It is concluded that the information in this study can be the basis for the development of functional ornamental plants in future ornamental chili breeding research.
摘要观赏性辣椒是一种既讲究美观又具有辛辣味道的辣椒植物。它通常有紫色的果实颜色，因为它们含有花青素。观赏辣椒中的生化成分被认为对人体健康有益。本研究旨在鉴定观赏辣椒的几个基因型和纯种系中的几种生化化合物。采用微孔板法，重复三次。本研究采用单因素基因型的完全随机设计。采用16个辣椒基因型，其中观赏辣椒基因型4个，纯种辣椒基因型12个。结果表明，纳兹拉IPB型观赏辣椒α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性为83.27%。基因型F10 145174-9-7-1-5-3-1- 5的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性次之(80.67%)，抗氧化DPPH含量最高(15.40 μmol TE g. 1提取物)。FRAP法抗氧化性最高的是Adelina IPB的观赏辣椒。生化参数相关性显示，DPPH-AGI呈显著正相关，FRAP-AGI呈显著负相关。本研究结果可为今后观赏辣椒育种研究中功能性观赏植物的开发提供依据。
{"title":"Total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of ornamental pepper and several other lines","authors":"Z. D. Sahid, M. Syukur, A. Maharijaya, W. Nurcholis","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2424","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ornamental chili is a type of chili plant that favors the value of beauty but still has a spicy taste. It generally has a purple fruit color because they contain anthocyanins. The biochemical content in ornamental chili is believed to have benefits for human health. This study aims to identify several biochemical compounds in several genotypes of ornamental chili and pure lines. The study was conducted using the microplate method which was repeated three times. The research design used was a completely randomized design with a single factor genotype. Sixteen genotypes of chili were used, consisting of 4 genotypes of ornamental chilies and 12 genotypes of pure lines. The results showed that the ornamental chili genotype Nazla IPB contained 83.27% α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The pure lines genotype F10 145174-9-7-1-5-3-1-2-5 contained the second-largest α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (80.67%) and the highest antioxidant DPPH (15.40 μmol TE g.-1 extract). The highest antioxidant of the FRAP method was shown in Adelina IPB’s ornamental chili. The correlation between biochemical parameters showed that DPPH-AGI was significantly positively correlated and FRAP-AGI was negatively correlated. It is concluded that the information in this study can be the basis for the development of functional ornamental plants in future ornamental chili breeding research.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44503736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2440
Eman Tawfik, M. Soliman
Abstract Gazania (L.) is one of wild ornamental plant which has special architectures. It is a small genus of 16 species, belonging to the family Asteraceae (Formerly: Compositae). It is low-growing perennial herb, grow in clumps and can also form dense carpets covering large areas. Gazania has multiple genera and species with mutli-petals colors. The chlorophyll pigmentation was measured in leaves and petals of these specimens which show high significant difference. Genomics is the study of genomes, and it can be used to conduct research on genome evolution, genomic variations, gene regulation, and important biological mechanisms using detailed genome sequence information. The diversity of ornamental plants, as well as the slow progress of genome research on ornamental plants for a long time. RAPD-PCR was applied in the present study to estimate the genetic variation in these samples which resulted in a total polymorphism percentage of 42.36%. This polymorphism percentage lead to the variation in essential physiological pathways in Gazania spp and reflected on the multivariate petals color.
{"title":"Heteromorphic, physiological and molecular characteristics of Gazania spp grow in North Coast of Egypt","authors":"Eman Tawfik, M. Soliman","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2440","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gazania (L.) is one of wild ornamental plant which has special architectures. It is a small genus of 16 species, belonging to the family Asteraceae (Formerly: Compositae). It is low-growing perennial herb, grow in clumps and can also form dense carpets covering large areas. Gazania has multiple genera and species with mutli-petals colors. The chlorophyll pigmentation was measured in leaves and petals of these specimens which show high significant difference. Genomics is the study of genomes, and it can be used to conduct research on genome evolution, genomic variations, gene regulation, and important biological mechanisms using detailed genome sequence information. The diversity of ornamental plants, as well as the slow progress of genome research on ornamental plants for a long time. RAPD-PCR was applied in the present study to estimate the genetic variation in these samples which resulted in a total polymorphism percentage of 42.36%. This polymorphism percentage lead to the variation in essential physiological pathways in Gazania spp and reflected on the multivariate petals color.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48183455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2496
G. Schafer, Betina Luíza Lerner
Abstract Cultivation in protected environments and containers culminated in the need of the use substrates with specific chemical and physical characteristics; assuming that a fundamental role in cultivation of horticultural plants. In this way, the objective was to describe the main physical and chemical characteristics of substrates, as well as the main methodologies for analysis. As physical characteristics we can refer as examples: density on a wet and dry basis, total porosity, air space and water retention (easily available, buffering capacity and remaining water). The most important chemical characteristics in substrates include pH, electrical conductivity and available nutrient content. These characteristics are responsible for all the nutritional dynamics and the availability of water and air in the culture medium, so they must be known, tested and managed during cultivation. Thus, it is possible to establish parameters for plant cultivation in containers, being also possible to correlate its influence on plant development for scientific research.
{"title":"Physical and chemical characteristics and analysis of plant substrate","authors":"G. Schafer, Betina Luíza Lerner","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2496","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cultivation in protected environments and containers culminated in the need of the use substrates with specific chemical and physical characteristics; assuming that a fundamental role in cultivation of horticultural plants. In this way, the objective was to describe the main physical and chemical characteristics of substrates, as well as the main methodologies for analysis. As physical characteristics we can refer as examples: density on a wet and dry basis, total porosity, air space and water retention (easily available, buffering capacity and remaining water). The most important chemical characteristics in substrates include pH, electrical conductivity and available nutrient content. These characteristics are responsible for all the nutritional dynamics and the availability of water and air in the culture medium, so they must be known, tested and managed during cultivation. Thus, it is possible to establish parameters for plant cultivation in containers, being also possible to correlate its influence on plant development for scientific research.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46732994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2462
Yaarit Kutsher, D. Evenor, M. Reuveni
Abstract Pelargonium nurseries in Europe encounter rooting problems due to the low quality of the cuttings supplied during the winter. The problem may be due to the poor quality of the stock plants from which the cuttings are harvested. The main problem that growers have is the prolonged shipping period and its effect on the viability and rootability of the cuttings once they arrive in Europe. We tested the effect of water stressing the stock plants grown grown in random block design in a commercial nursery and checked the rootability of cuttings after storage and the susceptibility of cuttings to rot. We assumed that mild water stress could harden the stock plant and thus the cuttings, and they would survive the journey better. Mild water stress improved the rooting ability of some Pelargonium varieties after days of storage compared to unstressed plants. Cuttings from water-stressed stock plants showed less decay after prolonged storage than unstressed stock plants as measured by percent rotten cutting. Chlorophyll content increased significantly in cuttings from stressed stock plants. The yield and physical parameters of the cuttings from stressed and nonstressed stock plants did not change. Results indicate that applying water stress to stock plants improves the quality of Pelargonium cuttings.
{"title":"Water stress enhances geranium (Pelargonium) cuttings rooting quality","authors":"Yaarit Kutsher, D. Evenor, M. Reuveni","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2462","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pelargonium nurseries in Europe encounter rooting problems due to the low quality of the cuttings supplied during the winter. The problem may be due to the poor quality of the stock plants from which the cuttings are harvested. The main problem that growers have is the prolonged shipping period and its effect on the viability and rootability of the cuttings once they arrive in Europe. We tested the effect of water stressing the stock plants grown grown in random block design in a commercial nursery and checked the rootability of cuttings after storage and the susceptibility of cuttings to rot. We assumed that mild water stress could harden the stock plant and thus the cuttings, and they would survive the journey better. Mild water stress improved the rooting ability of some Pelargonium varieties after days of storage compared to unstressed plants. Cuttings from water-stressed stock plants showed less decay after prolonged storage than unstressed stock plants as measured by percent rotten cutting. Chlorophyll content increased significantly in cuttings from stressed stock plants. The yield and physical parameters of the cuttings from stressed and nonstressed stock plants did not change. Results indicate that applying water stress to stock plants improves the quality of Pelargonium cuttings.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67336821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2431
Sachin S Patavardhan, Susan Ignatius, Rinda Thiyam, Queenie Lasrado, Sulakshana Karkala, L. D’Souza, S. Nivas
Abstract Orchids with their sheer variety of species are amazing, a major sharer in global floriculture trade. Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim, well known hybrid orchid, also recognized as official National flower of Singapore is a resilient, sun loving orchid, which blossoms throughout the year. Though a seed pod derived from a single flower contains millions of dusty seeds, due to lack of endosperm, seeds cannot germinate without the help of symbiont fungus. Commercial production of seedlings thus remains challenging. Therefore, in this study, we report a novel asymbiotic seed germination protocol standardized for ‘Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim’ (a hybrid of Papilionanthe hookeriana x Papilionanthe teres) which could be adapted for mass cultivation in a commercial setup. Seed of Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim were treated with 0.1% H2O2 and 0.1% KNO3 to increase the germination rates. Seed pods were also subjected to various regimes of surface sterilization methods to reduce contaminations. Employing Carbendazim (1% w v-1), Tricyclazole (1% w v-1), Sodium hypochlorite (0.5% v v-1) and Ethanol (80% v v-1) in surface sterilization process, resulted in highest percentage of aseptic cultures. Seeds were inoculated on to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) combination of 3 mg L-1 BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) + 0.5 mg L-1 NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) found to be most effective to induce germination (84.67 ± 3.2%). Subsequently, germinated seedlings were subjected to different levels of BAP and NAA levels to achieve the highest number of plantlets. thus, multiplied plantlets were later subcultured onto MS medium containing 0.5 mg L-1 BAP and 3 mg L-1 NAA to induce rooting. Consequently, developed plantlets were acclimatized on a substratum containing coconut husk and charcoal pieces.
{"title":"Asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro development of orchid Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim","authors":"Sachin S Patavardhan, Susan Ignatius, Rinda Thiyam, Queenie Lasrado, Sulakshana Karkala, L. D’Souza, S. Nivas","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2431","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Orchids with their sheer variety of species are amazing, a major sharer in global floriculture trade. Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim, well known hybrid orchid, also recognized as official National flower of Singapore is a resilient, sun loving orchid, which blossoms throughout the year. Though a seed pod derived from a single flower contains millions of dusty seeds, due to lack of endosperm, seeds cannot germinate without the help of symbiont fungus. Commercial production of seedlings thus remains challenging. Therefore, in this study, we report a novel asymbiotic seed germination protocol standardized for ‘Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim’ (a hybrid of Papilionanthe hookeriana x Papilionanthe teres) which could be adapted for mass cultivation in a commercial setup. Seed of Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim were treated with 0.1% H2O2 and 0.1% KNO3 to increase the germination rates. Seed pods were also subjected to various regimes of surface sterilization methods to reduce contaminations. Employing Carbendazim (1% w v-1), Tricyclazole (1% w v-1), Sodium hypochlorite (0.5% v v-1) and Ethanol (80% v v-1) in surface sterilization process, resulted in highest percentage of aseptic cultures. Seeds were inoculated on to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) combination of 3 mg L-1 BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) + 0.5 mg L-1 NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) found to be most effective to induce germination (84.67 ± 3.2%). Subsequently, germinated seedlings were subjected to different levels of BAP and NAA levels to achieve the highest number of plantlets. thus, multiplied plantlets were later subcultured onto MS medium containing 0.5 mg L-1 BAP and 3 mg L-1 NAA to induce rooting. Consequently, developed plantlets were acclimatized on a substratum containing coconut husk and charcoal pieces.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47664292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i1.2419
Y. Basiri, N. Etemadi, M. Alizadeh, A. Nikbakht, G. Saeidi
Abstract Eremurus spectabilis is a new, commercially valuable specialty cut flower, but little is known about the applicable treatments to extend the vase-life and maintaining the ornamental quality of this flower. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the impacts of nano-silver, essential oils, and chemical treatments on keeping ornamental quality and vase-life of cut inflorescences of Foxtail lily. The cut inflorescences were placed in different vase solutions containing salicylic acid (100 and 200 mg L-1), methyl jasmonate (25 and 50 mg L-1), silver thiosulfate (0.1 mM) plus isothiazolinone (0.001 and 0.005 mL L-1), nano-silver (5, 10, and 15 mg L-1), thymol (75 and 120 mg L-1), and menthol (75 and 120 mg L-1), which were applied as continuous and pulsing methods. According to the results, all treatments considerably improved the post-harvest performance of Foxtail lily cut flowers. Although there were no significant differences among nano-silver (NS) treatments, the cut inflorescences kept in vase solution containing 10 mg L-1 of NS exhibited the longest vase life (~14 days) and the best ornamental quality. Nano-silver treatment followed by silver-thiosulfate significantly improved solution uptake by flowering inflorescences, thereby delaying the water balance loss and keeping relative fresh weight. Furthermore, 50 mg L-1 methyl jasmonate- and 75 mg L-1 menthol-treated cut inflorescences exhibited significantly higher vase-life longevity by ~ 6 and 4 days, total soluble solutes by 28.38% and 19.12%, and solution uptake rate by 76.46% and 140.6%, respectively, as compared to control. Overall, 10 mg L-1 NS can be recommended as a commercial preservative solution to delay flower senescence and improve the vase life and keeping the quality of foxtail cut inflorescence.
{"title":"Vase life consequences of natural and chemical treatments in foxtail lily (Eremurus spectabilis), as a specialty cut flowers","authors":"Y. Basiri, N. Etemadi, M. Alizadeh, A. Nikbakht, G. Saeidi","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i1.2419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i1.2419","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Eremurus spectabilis is a new, commercially valuable specialty cut flower, but little is known about the applicable treatments to extend the vase-life and maintaining the ornamental quality of this flower. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the impacts of nano-silver, essential oils, and chemical treatments on keeping ornamental quality and vase-life of cut inflorescences of Foxtail lily. The cut inflorescences were placed in different vase solutions containing salicylic acid (100 and 200 mg L-1), methyl jasmonate (25 and 50 mg L-1), silver thiosulfate (0.1 mM) plus isothiazolinone (0.001 and 0.005 mL L-1), nano-silver (5, 10, and 15 mg L-1), thymol (75 and 120 mg L-1), and menthol (75 and 120 mg L-1), which were applied as continuous and pulsing methods. According to the results, all treatments considerably improved the post-harvest performance of Foxtail lily cut flowers. Although there were no significant differences among nano-silver (NS) treatments, the cut inflorescences kept in vase solution containing 10 mg L-1 of NS exhibited the longest vase life (~14 days) and the best ornamental quality. Nano-silver treatment followed by silver-thiosulfate significantly improved solution uptake by flowering inflorescences, thereby delaying the water balance loss and keeping relative fresh weight. Furthermore, 50 mg L-1 methyl jasmonate- and 75 mg L-1 menthol-treated cut inflorescences exhibited significantly higher vase-life longevity by ~ 6 and 4 days, total soluble solutes by 28.38% and 19.12%, and solution uptake rate by 76.46% and 140.6%, respectively, as compared to control. Overall, 10 mg L-1 NS can be recommended as a commercial preservative solution to delay flower senescence and improve the vase life and keeping the quality of foxtail cut inflorescence.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46861747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i1.2409
E. Asgari, M. Taghizadeh, A. Abbasifar
Abstract Nowadays, the flower industry is growing so fast that its development requires introducing new varieties to the flower market. Iran is the habitat of numerous species of wild plants that are among the valuable genetics in the breeding process. The identification of native Iris species, investigation of morphological diversity, and distribution method have a significant effect on the introduction of this flower as new and superior cultivars cut flower and bedding plant. The documentation of the most important habitats of Iris in Arak province, identification of morphological characteristics and correlation determination of morphological traits are the most important aims of this research. The results showed that there is a correlation between some of the traits. The highest positive correlation was related to the height of flower and length of the leaf, length of the flowering stem and the length of the leaf and the height of the flower and the length of the flowering stem. The ecotypes of Iris sp. were divided into six groups. Based on the results of the cluster diagram, the bulbous species were separated from rhizome species. Generally, due to the color diversity of Iris sp. and unique beauty of the flowers and the resistance of the native species, they can be used as native foundations. Due to the prominent traits such as high durability of Iris meda, odor of I. hymernospatha Subsp. leptoneura and color diversity of I. persica, I. songarica and height of I. spuria, they can be used to introduce new ornamental species. Iris spuria is the most suitable genotype because of the high height, large flower, high durability, and beautiful flower.
{"title":"Exploration and morphologic variation of Iris wild species with ornamental potential","authors":"E. Asgari, M. Taghizadeh, A. Abbasifar","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i1.2409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i1.2409","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nowadays, the flower industry is growing so fast that its development requires introducing new varieties to the flower market. Iran is the habitat of numerous species of wild plants that are among the valuable genetics in the breeding process. The identification of native Iris species, investigation of morphological diversity, and distribution method have a significant effect on the introduction of this flower as new and superior cultivars cut flower and bedding plant. The documentation of the most important habitats of Iris in Arak province, identification of morphological characteristics and correlation determination of morphological traits are the most important aims of this research. The results showed that there is a correlation between some of the traits. The highest positive correlation was related to the height of flower and length of the leaf, length of the flowering stem and the length of the leaf and the height of the flower and the length of the flowering stem. The ecotypes of Iris sp. were divided into six groups. Based on the results of the cluster diagram, the bulbous species were separated from rhizome species. Generally, due to the color diversity of Iris sp. and unique beauty of the flowers and the resistance of the native species, they can be used as native foundations. Due to the prominent traits such as high durability of Iris meda, odor of I. hymernospatha Subsp. leptoneura and color diversity of I. persica, I. songarica and height of I. spuria, they can be used to introduce new ornamental species. Iris spuria is the most suitable genotype because of the high height, large flower, high durability, and beautiful flower.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42152947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i1.2413
M. Solgi, M. Taghizadeh, H. Bagheri
Abstract Ornamental black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) is used in landscape. Ornamental black mulberry which has high shade, tolerates air pollution and wind. White mulberry (Morus alba L.) is proper for kind of soils conditions. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the effects of stenting methods and IBA levels on some characters of black mulberry scions onto white mulberry rootstock for the first time. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out as factorial in completely randomized design with 10 replications. Two factors were including two stenting method (splice and omega) and three levels of Indole-3-butyric acid (0, 500 and 1000 mg L-1). Three months after grafting, percentage of rootstock callus formation, percentage of rooting, percentage of leaf formation, number of leaf formation, the longest shoot and the longest root formation were measured. Results showed that the effect of stenting method was significant on all of evaluated parameters and splice method was superior to omega method. Also, the effects of different levels of IBA were significant on all of measured traits and they are increased by increasing the levels of IBA and the best was with 1000 mg L-1. The interaction effects of these factors are significant on all of measured characteristics except for percentage of rootstock callus formation and rooting percentage. In conclusion, the stenting via splice method had higher success in comparison with omega method and the morphological traits increased by increasing the application of higher levels of IBA. The application of stenting method by splice plus 1000 mg L-1 IBA which was carried out for the first time is recommended for reproduction of ornamental black mulberry onto white mulberry.
摘要:观赏桑树(Morus nigra L.)是一种园林绿化植物。观赏黑桑树，树阴高，耐空气污染和风。白桑树(Morus alba L.)适合于某些土壤条件。因此，本试验首次研究了不同支架植入方式和IBA水平对黑桑接穗在白桑砧木上部分性状的影响。为此，采用10个重复的完全随机设计，进行因子试验。两个因素包括两种支架置入方式(splice和omega)和吲哚-3-丁酸(0,500和1000 mg L-1)的三个水平。嫁接3个月后，测定砧木愈伤组织形成率、生根率、成叶率、成叶数、最长芽和最长根形成率。结果表明，支架植入法对各评价指标的影响均显著，且剪接法优于omega法。不同水平IBA对各性状的影响均显著，且随IBA水平的增加而增加，以1000 mg L-1处理效果最好。除砧木愈伤组织形成率和生根率外，这些因素的互作效应对其他性状均有显著影响。综上所述，与omega法相比，splice法支架置入术的成功率更高，并且随着IBA用量的增加，支架的形态性状也有所改善。建议首次采用剪接支架法加1000 mg L-1 IBA进行观赏黑桑在白桑上的繁殖。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i1.2410
Thiago Roberto Rezende Borges, Maurecilne Lemes da Silva, G. Silva, D. I. Rocha
Abstract Seminiferous propagation of Dietes bicolor is hindered by the probable physical and/or morphophysiological dormancy. The objective was to analyze the efficacy of different methods of overcoming dormancy in D. bicolor seeds to determine a possible pre-germination treatment for the species. Two experiments were conducted: (I) Evaluation of the breaking of physical dormancy, in which the treatments of mechanical scarification were carried using sandpaper #100; chemical scarification with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 5 and 10 minutes and immersion in hot water (70 ºC), also, for 5 and 10 minutes, were evaluated. The intact seed was considered a control. (II) Evaluation of morphophysiological dormancy, in which the seeds were submitted to combined treatments of stratification of hot temperature (20-35 °C) and/or cold temperature (9 ºC), distributed in periods of 0, 1, and 2 weeks, totalizing 9 treatments. In both experiments, germination percentage (G), germination speed index (GSI), and first count (FC) were determined, using a randomized block design, and evaluated by the Scott-Knott test at 1% and Dunnett’s test at 5%. The use of H2SO4 10 minutes induced 42% germination, 0.52 GSI, and 18% FC, but only FC was significantly different from the control. In the second trial, the treatment that spent only two weeks in hot temperatures (20-35 ºC) showed the highest germination (30%), compared to the control (G = 22%). These results provide relevant information for understanding the physiology of D. bicolor germination, in addition to contributing to the optimization of pre-germination practices for this important ornamental species.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i1.2407
A. B. El-Attar, W. R. Sakr
Abstract Standard Carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. Dover) were harvested at the paint brush stage in the early morning, pre-cooled at 4° C for 6-h then moved under dry conditions to the laboratory. Flowers were weighted and treated for 24-h with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at 0, 5 or 10 ppm in plastic buckets. After pulsing treatments, cut flowers were transferred to 500 mL glass jars containing 300 mL of preservation solution treatments including, individually, humic acid at 200, 400 or 600 ppm and Aloe vera gel at 2.5%, 5.0% or 7.5% (w/v) till the end of the experiment (when flower color began to fade, petals began to roll). Distilled water was used for the control and to prepare the tested solutions. 2% sucrose was added to all treatments including the control. Addition of all preservatives to vase solutions significantly increased all the studied characteristics of cut flowers compared to control (distilled water, least values). Nanosilver treatments have the potential to be used as preservative solutions for improving postharvest vase life and quality of carnation flowers. An increment in vase life, relative fresh weight, vase solution uptake, flower diameter as well as total chlorophylls in leaves, total carbohydrates and total phenols in leaves and petals was observed, in addition to a decrease in bacterial counts in vase solution. Best results were obtained using 5 ppm AgNPs + 5.0% Aloe vera gel followed by 5 ppm AgNPs +7.5% Aloe vera gel solutions. Aloe vera gel, especially 5.0% level, showed better results than humic acid when used alone or combined with AgNPs. Nanosilver at 5 ppm recorded better results than 10 ppm when used as a single treatment.
{"title":"Extending vase life of carnation flowers by postharvest nano silver, humic acid and Aloe Vera gel treatments","authors":"A. B. El-Attar, W. R. Sakr","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i1.2407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i1.2407","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Standard Carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. Dover) were harvested at the paint brush stage in the early morning, pre-cooled at 4° C for 6-h then moved under dry conditions to the laboratory. Flowers were weighted and treated for 24-h with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at 0, 5 or 10 ppm in plastic buckets. After pulsing treatments, cut flowers were transferred to 500 mL glass jars containing 300 mL of preservation solution treatments including, individually, humic acid at 200, 400 or 600 ppm and Aloe vera gel at 2.5%, 5.0% or 7.5% (w/v) till the end of the experiment (when flower color began to fade, petals began to roll). Distilled water was used for the control and to prepare the tested solutions. 2% sucrose was added to all treatments including the control. Addition of all preservatives to vase solutions significantly increased all the studied characteristics of cut flowers compared to control (distilled water, least values). Nanosilver treatments have the potential to be used as preservative solutions for improving postharvest vase life and quality of carnation flowers. An increment in vase life, relative fresh weight, vase solution uptake, flower diameter as well as total chlorophylls in leaves, total carbohydrates and total phenols in leaves and petals was observed, in addition to a decrease in bacterial counts in vase solution. Best results were obtained using 5 ppm AgNPs + 5.0% Aloe vera gel followed by 5 ppm AgNPs +7.5% Aloe vera gel solutions. Aloe vera gel, especially 5.0% level, showed better results than humic acid when used alone or combined with AgNPs. Nanosilver at 5 ppm recorded better results than 10 ppm when used as a single treatment.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46085806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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