Pharmaceutical nanotechnology最新文献

Introduction: Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) is one of the prime concerns globally in the health sector. The emergence and proliferation of ESKAPE pathogens, along with drug resistance in cancer cells, represent a significant challenge to public health, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutics, improved infection control practices, and ongoing research to understand and combat antibiotic resistance. Addressing multiple drug resistance involves several modern therapeutic strategies, such as phage therapy, immunotherapy, combinatorial therapy, and more. Advanced diagnostic tools, effective control measures, and stringent regulatory and policy initiatives raising public awareness are also crucial.

Methods: This study scouted computational approaches, focusing on their application in nanotechnology and nano-drug systems in clinical settings. A systematic approach was employed to gather, screen, and critically analyze the relevant literature for this review.

Results: This study found that various tools and databases are evolving for reconnaissance in the field of nano-informatics, which will lead to research and development.

Discussion: This study highlights the rapid advancement of nano-informatics tools and databases, which are crucial for advancing computational approaches in nanomedicine and therapeutic research. These emerging resources support predictive analysis and integration with biological datasets, though challenges remain in data standardization, accessibility, and interoperability across platforms.

Conclusion: To mitigate multiple drug resistance, researchers are exploring various approaches, and nano-informatics can provide new insight into dealing with it. This approach will advance the development of medical devices, drug design, and delivery systems.

Aim: The study employed Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) model to optimise the formulations of Levomilnacipran nanostructured lipid carriers (LEV-NLC).

Methods: This study utilised a CCRD (Central Composite Rotatable Design) with a three-factor factorial design and three levels. It examined the particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency of LEV-NLC in relation to three independent variables: the ratio of aqueous to organic phase (X1), the ratio of drug to lipid (X2), and the concentration of surfactant (X3).

Results: The results demonstrated that the most favourable composition could be achieved using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The most effective composition for LEV-NLC consisted of a 1:1 ratio of aqueous to organic phase (X1), a 1:7 ratio of drug to lipid (X2), and a surfactant concentration (X3) of 0.5%. Under the optimised conditions, the LEV-NLC formulation resulted in a particle size of 148 nm, a zeta potential of 36 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 88%. The optimised LEV-NLC was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which revealed the presence of spherical particles. The total percentage of Levomilnacipran released from the NLC was 77% at pH 7.4 and 76% at pH 6.0 over 24 hours, exhibiting a sustained release profile that could enhance the therapeutic benefits of the drug.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated the effective application of RSM-CCRD for modelling LEVNLC.

Herbal medicine has been a cornerstone of traditional healthcare for centuries, offering a wide array of bioactive compounds derived from plants. However, its efficacy is often limited by poor bioavailability, instability, and non-targeted delivery. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have provided innovative solutions to these challenges through developing nanoemulsion delivery systems. These systems enhance the solubility and stability of herbal extracts, ensuring targeted delivery to specific tissues or cells. Nanocarriers such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles can encapsulate bioactive compounds, protecting them from degradation and facilitating controlled release. This approach not only improves therapeutic outcomes but also reduces side effects by minimizing exposure to non-targeted areas. Furthermore, nanotechnology allows for personalized medicine by tailoring nanocarriers to individual patient needs, enhancing treatment efficacy and compliance. The integration of nanotechnology with herbal medicine holds significant potential for revolutionizing healthcare by providing more effective and targeted treatments for various diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.

Background: This study aimed to develop and optimize a cilostazol-loaded nanomicelle transdermal patch to enhance solubility, stability, and controlled drug release.

Objective: To improve cilostazol bioavailability by formulating a stable, nanomicelle-loaded transdermal patch.

Methods: Nanomicelles were prepared using the thin-film hydration method with Soluplus and Poloxamer 188 as the polymer and surfactant. The transdermal patch was fabricated using the solvent casting method and evaluated for tensile strength, folding endurance, and in vitro drug diffusion.

Results: The optimized formulation showed 97.71% entrapment efficiency, 48.86% drug loading, a particle size of 129.07 nm, and a zeta potential of -21.5 mV. The patch exhibited a tensile strength of 141.83 MPa, folding endurance of over 300 folds, and sustained in vitro drug diffusion.

Conclusion: The developed transdermal patch offers a promising strategy to enhance cilostazol bioavailability by bypassing first-pass metabolism, promoting better penetration, and ensuring improved patient compliance.

In this comprehensive exploration of advanced nanocarriers for atopic dermatitis (AD) therapy, we explored a spectrum of innovative delivery systems, each with unique attributes poised to revolutionize topical drug administration. Lipid nanoparticles, including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), have emerged as stalwarts offering controlled drug release and enhanced skin penetration. Vesicular systems such as liposomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, and niosomes are versatile in their ability to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic agents and overcome barriers to drug permeation. Microemulsions and nanoemulsions exhibit good stability and effective drug permeation, whereas the addition of polymeric nanoparticles allows for efficient targeting with less toxicity. AuNPs and AgNPs allow for targeted delivery and immune modulation, whereas skin lipids restore this barrier. siRNA-silenced genes are involved in inflammation, whereas immunobiologics reset immune responses. These nanocarriers offer tremendous opportunities for the personalized treatment of AD, reduction in systemic exposure, and enhancement of therapeutic efficacy. Overcoming formulation hurdles and instability concerns, in addition to an indepth understanding of the possibility of achieving game-changing improvements in the management of AD, has placed nanocarriers at the forefront of new and personalized therapeutic approaches that would redefine the care of patients affected by this devastating disease.

This review article examines functionalized nanofibers and their potential to revolutionize drug delivery systems and enhance their biomedical applications. By leveraging the high surface- area-to-volume ratio and tunable physicochemical properties of nanofibers, the limitations of conventional drug delivery methods can be addressed. These nanofibers can be engineered for the controlled and sustained release of drugs, growth factors, and bioactive agents to improve treatment efficacy and mitigate side effects. Furthermore, the versatility of functionalized nanofibers in various biomedical fields has been investigated. In tissue engineering, nanofibers serve as scaffolds that emulate the extracellular matrix and facilitate cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, thus demonstrating the potential for regenerating tissues and organs, including bone, cartilage, and nerve repair. This review also explores their application in wound healing, where nanofiber dressings incorporating antimicrobial agents and growth factors can expedite healing, prevent infections, and minimize scarring, benefiting patients with chronic wounds, burns, and other complex skin injuries. Additionally, this article discusses the potential of functionalized nanofibers for developing innovative medical devices with therapeutic and diagnostic functions. The integration of sensing elements and drug-releasing components into nanofiber platforms has resulted in multifunctional devices capable of monitoring physiological parameters, detecting biomarkers, and delivering targeted therapies based on biological cues. The versatility of these nanofibers may enable the development of combination products that can incorporate multiple therapeutic modalities into a single platform, potentially enhancing the management of complex diseases and improving patient outcomes. The article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state and future trajectory of electrospinning technology.

Introduction: Intracellular calcium in pancreatic beta cells plays a crucial role in insulin synthesis and secretion. Diabetes impairs this calcium-mediated action, necessitating an effective delivery system such as liposomes to facilitate calcium uptake.

Methods: Calcium lactate nanoliposomes (6.25 mg/mL) were prepared via the thin-film hydration method using lecithin and cholesterol as bilayer lipids. Their glucose-lowering efficacy was tested in hyperglycemic mice induced by oral glucose (1 g/kg) and intraperitoneal streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). Pancreatic calcium levels were measured using X-ray fluorescence to verify calcium delivery to beta cells.

Results: The nanoliposomes exhibited a diameter of 172.1 nm, zeta potential of -53.45 mV, polydispersity index of 0.203, and pH 7.2. Entrapment efficiency was 93.42%, with stable pH and particle size over six cycles. Treatment with calcium nanoliposomes significantly reduced blood glucose levels in both diabetic and glucose-loaded mice. Pancreatic calcium concentrations were higher in animals receiving calcium nanoliposomes compared to controls.

Discussion: Calcium nanoliposomes induced a significant glucose reduction relative to controls (empty liposomes, distilled water, and calcium in distilled water). Encapsulation within liposomal vesicles enhanced calcium delivery to pancreatic beta cells, increasing intracellular calcium and stimulating insulin production and release. This was corroborated by elevated pancreatic calcium levels observed via X-ray fluorescence in treated animals.

Conclusion: Calcium nanoliposomes effectively improve glycemic control in diabetic and glucosechallenged animal models by enhancing calcium delivery to pancreatic beta cells.

Background: Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles, have emerged as promising drug delivery carriers due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver therapeutic cargo efficiently. Their biocompatibility and capacity for engineering make them ideal candidates for treating neurological disorders.

Methods: This review examines various strategies for exosome engineering, including donor cell selection, isolation techniques, and cargo loading methods. Key characterization techniques such as nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron microscopy, and biomarker profiling are discussed. Additionally, in-vitro and in-vivo models used to evaluate exosome- mediated drug delivery efficacy are analyzed.

Results: Exosomes have demonstrated significant potential in neurotherapeutic applications, including targeted drug delivery for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, glioblastoma therapy, and neural repair in stroke models. Clinical studies and experimental models confirm their ability to encapsulate and protect therapeutic molecules, enhance drug stability, and ensure precise targeting. However, challenges such as large-scale production, reproducibility, and safety concerns remain.

Conclusion: Exosomes represent a transformative approach to overcoming BBB-related drug delivery challenges, providing a natural, non-invasive platform for neurological therapies. Advances in engineering techniques and characterization will be critical to optimizing their therapeutic potential and clinical translation.

Background: Benzoyl peroxide is a peroxide with antibacterial, irritating, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory properties. When benzoyl peroxide is applied topically, it breaks down and releases oxygen, which kills the germs of Propionibacterium acnes. Benzoyl peroxide's irritating impact causes an increase in epithelial cell turnover, which causes the skin to peel and aids in the healing of comedones. Treatment for acne vulgaris involves the use of benzoyl peroxide.

Objective: The research is aimed at studying the formulation of Microsponge gel preparation of benzoyl peroxide by using Carbopol 934 as a gelling agent and evaluation of microsponge gel formulation for its physicochemical properties.

Methods: Microsponges of anti-acne agent benzoyl peroxide drug were prepared by quasi-emulsion method, and in-vitro drug release using a suitable membrane model using a simple diffusion cell.

Results: Prior to drying, the microsponge was filtered and rinsed using distilled water. Formulation containing benzoyl peroxide and Eudragit RS100 with a ratio of 1:4 showed a high 87.5% drug content and 78.20 % yield. The drug content of the microsponge gel was found to be 84%. Microbiological study on S. aureus was conducted by the cylinder cup method and found good results. The in-vitro diffusion of microsponge formulations was sustained for 8 hours. The drug release rate for Eudragit RS- 100 was reported to be 88.87% after 8 hours based on the polymer: drug ratio (4:1).

Conclusion: The quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method was used to successfully prepare benzoyl peroxide microsponges using Eudragit RS100, Ethyl Cellulose, and HPMC K4M as polymers. The formulations with the highest medication concentration were made with the porous polymer Eudragit RS100.

Background: Typhonium flagelliforme is a plant known for its high polyphenol content, making it a good option for stabilizing nano-Pickering emulsion systems. Nano-Pickering emulsions use solid particles for better stability and functional properties than conventional ones.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a nano-Pickering emulsion stabilized by TF particles using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM).

Methods: The RSM was used to determine the best formulation and manufacturing process for TFbased nano-Pickering emulsion (TFNPE). The optimal formula was tested for physical stability, in vitro antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion method against several bacteria.

Results: The droplet size and distribution of TFNPE were affected by solid particle content, chitosan concentration, and sonication intensity. The optimal formula had 1.84% solid particles, 0.26% chitosan, and 50% sonication intensity. TFNPE remained stable at 4 ± 2°C for six months and showed increased antioxidant capacity (204.76 ± 3.57 mg AEAC/g) relative to TF extract (176.65 ± 2.86 mg AEAC/g). TFNPE also exhibited antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with inhibition zones of 12.9 ± 0.5 mm, 14.81 ± 0.1 mm and 16.27 ± 0.3 mm, respectively.

Conclusion: The experimental results were well fitted with the selected statistical model. These findings confirmed TFE's ability to act as a stabilizer for Pickering emulsions and determined its significant anti-acne potential due to its antioxidant and antibacterial properties.