T. Djordjevic, Umiljendić Gajić, M. Sarić-Krsmanović, L. Radivojević, Rada Djurovic-Pejcev, Marija Stevanović, Mara Vukovic
Secondary plant metabolites with allelopathic activity or phytotoxicity could be biotechnologically important, serving as a source of allelochemicals, and thus contributing to the agro-industrial sector. The objective of this study was to use the obtained common walnut (Juglans regia L.) and bitter dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) leaves extracts rich in phenolic compounds, i.e. with high antioxidant potential, and to identify their phytotoxicity to Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv. and Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. weed seedlings grown in vitro. The obtained plant extracts had remarkably high affinity for scavenging free radicals, having DPPH IC50 values of 0.127 mg/ml for common walnut leaf extract and 0.194 mg/ml for bitter dock leaf extract. Ferric reducing antioxidant power of the extracts was also high, FRAP value of the common walnut leaf extract was 384.4 ?} 8.1 ?mol Fe2+/g dry mass, and of the bitter dock leaf extract 321.6 ?} 2.5 ?mol Fe2+/g dry mass. At the highest used concentration, common walnut leaf extract reduced germination of S. glauca by 67.3%, while bitter dock leaf extract reduced germination of that weed by 54.5%. Shoot length of S. glauca was inhibited 80.7% when subjected to common walnut leaf extract, and 78.2% under the influence of bitter dock leaf extract, and its root length was inhibited 96.4% and 93.1% respectively. Germination of S. halepense was inhibited 100% under the influence of the obtained common walnut leaf extract at its highest test concentration, and 79.2% when subjected to bitter dock leaf extract at the same concentration. Shoot length of this weed was reduced 100% after treatment with common walnut leaf extract, and 93.7% when subjected to bitter dock leaf extract. Root length was reduced 100% and 99.3%, respectively. Overall, the extracts demonstrated pronounced antioxidant activity and remarkable allelopathic potential.
{"title":"Antioxidant activity of Juglans regia L. And Rumex obtusifolius L. leaf extracts and screening for their allelopathic potential","authors":"T. Djordjevic, Umiljendić Gajić, M. Sarić-Krsmanović, L. Radivojević, Rada Djurovic-Pejcev, Marija Stevanović, Mara Vukovic","doi":"10.2298/pif2201009d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2201009d","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary plant metabolites with allelopathic activity or phytotoxicity could be biotechnologically important, serving as a source of allelochemicals, and thus contributing to the agro-industrial sector. The objective of this study was to use the obtained common walnut (Juglans regia L.) and bitter dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) leaves extracts rich in phenolic compounds, i.e. with high antioxidant potential, and to identify their phytotoxicity to Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv. and Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. weed seedlings grown in vitro. The obtained plant extracts had remarkably high affinity for scavenging free radicals, having DPPH IC50 values of 0.127 mg/ml for common walnut leaf extract and 0.194 mg/ml for bitter dock leaf extract. Ferric reducing antioxidant power of the extracts was also high, FRAP value of the common walnut leaf extract was 384.4 ?} 8.1 ?mol Fe2+/g dry mass, and of the bitter dock leaf extract 321.6 ?} 2.5 ?mol Fe2+/g dry mass. At the highest used concentration, common walnut leaf extract reduced germination of S. glauca by 67.3%, while bitter dock leaf extract reduced germination of that weed by 54.5%. Shoot length of S. glauca was inhibited 80.7% when subjected to common walnut leaf extract, and 78.2% under the influence of bitter dock leaf extract, and its root length was inhibited 96.4% and 93.1% respectively. Germination of S. halepense was inhibited 100% under the influence of the obtained common walnut leaf extract at its highest test concentration, and 79.2% when subjected to bitter dock leaf extract at the same concentration. Shoot length of this weed was reduced 100% after treatment with common walnut leaf extract, and 93.7% when subjected to bitter dock leaf extract. Root length was reduced 100% and 99.3%, respectively. Overall, the extracts demonstrated pronounced antioxidant activity and remarkable allelopathic potential.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68627253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Potocnik, J. Luković, B. Todorovic, M. Stepanović, L. Santric, S. Milijasevic-Marcic, E. Rekanović
A previous study had confirmed good selective features of a biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 regarding green mould disease control and increase in white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) production. The recommended application rate of the biofungicide in three split doses (30 + 15 + 15 ml m-2) enhanced mushroom yield by 8.41% and control of green mould disease (Trichoderma aggressivum) by 53.57%. A different application procedure of the biofungicide B. subtilis Ch-13 was then further investigated, involving six split doses (6 ? 10 ml m-2) of the same total dose of 60 ml which was previously tested in three split doses. The impact of the biofungicide on fruiting body yield and its effectiveness in disease control were evaluated on white button mushroom artificially infected with Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum in the experimental mushroom growing room (in vivo). No statistically significant differences in disease control efficacy were found between the fungicide prochloraz (71.08%) and the biofungicide applied either in six split doses (63.05%) or three (58.43%). As for the fungicide/biofungicide positive impact on mushroom production, no statistically significant differences were detected among treatments. The B. subtilis Ch-13-based biofungicide may be applied in three split doses, as well as in six split applications, depending on the watering or picking schedule during mushroom cultivation, as both schemes showed satisfactory efficacy in disease control and positive effects on mushroom yield.
先前的研究证实了枯草芽孢杆菌Ch-13生物杀菌剂在防治绿霉病和提高双孢蘑菇产量方面具有良好的选择性。推荐用量为3次(30 + 15 + 15 ml m-2)，蘑菇产量提高8.41%，对绿霉病(侵袭性木霉)防治效果提高53.57%。然后进一步研究了生物杀菌剂枯草芽孢杆菌Ch-13的不同应用程序，涉及6次拆分剂量(6 ?10毫升m-2)的总剂量相同的60毫升，这是以前测试的三个分剂量。在实验菌室(体内)对人工侵染欧洲木霉的白针菇进行了生物杀菌剂对子实体产量的影响及防治效果的评价。杀菌剂丙氯嗪(71.08%)与生物杀菌剂6次(63.05%)、3次(58.43%)的防治效果差异无统计学意义。杀菌剂/生物杀菌剂对食用菌产量的正向影响，各处理间差异无统计学意义。基于枯草芽孢杆菌ch -13的生物杀菌剂可根据蘑菇栽培期间的浇水或采摘时间，分3次或6次施用，两种方案均具有满意的防病效果和对蘑菇产量的积极影响。
{"title":"Improvement of procedure for casing treatment with a bacillus subtilis Ch-13-based biofungicide to control green mould disease of mushrooms","authors":"I. Potocnik, J. Luković, B. Todorovic, M. Stepanović, L. Santric, S. Milijasevic-Marcic, E. Rekanović","doi":"10.2298/pif2203095p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2203095p","url":null,"abstract":"A previous study had confirmed good selective features of a biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 regarding green mould disease control and increase in white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) production. The recommended application rate of the biofungicide in three split doses (30 + 15 + 15 ml m-2) enhanced mushroom yield by 8.41% and control of green mould disease (Trichoderma aggressivum) by 53.57%. A different application procedure of the biofungicide B. subtilis Ch-13 was then further investigated, involving six split doses (6 ? 10 ml m-2) of the same total dose of 60 ml which was previously tested in three split doses. The impact of the biofungicide on fruiting body yield and its effectiveness in disease control were evaluated on white button mushroom artificially infected with Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum in the experimental mushroom growing room (in vivo). No statistically significant differences in disease control efficacy were found between the fungicide prochloraz (71.08%) and the biofungicide applied either in six split doses (63.05%) or three (58.43%). As for the fungicide/biofungicide positive impact on mushroom production, no statistically significant differences were detected among treatments. The B. subtilis Ch-13-based biofungicide may be applied in three split doses, as well as in six split applications, depending on the watering or picking schedule during mushroom cultivation, as both schemes showed satisfactory efficacy in disease control and positive effects on mushroom yield.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68627420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elif Paçal, Aşkım Gümüş, Çağlan Günal, B. Erkmen, P. Arslan, Z. Yildirim, F. Erkoç
Sublethal effects of copper pyrithione (CuPT) on an invertebrate model organism, freshwater mussel (Unio mancus), were assessed using oxidative stress parameters and histopathology. The environmentally relevant concentration of 5 ?g/l copper pyrithione was applied as a 96 h semi-static exposure. MDA levels in digestive gland (DG) significantly increased, compared to a control group (p < 0.001). Gill MDA levels also increased, but not significantly (p > 0.05). GSH level in DG increased significantly (p < 0.05), and gill tissue levels also increased but not significantly (p > 0.05). Levels of SOD, GPx activities, and AOPP levels did not change significantly (p > 0.05). The most prominent histopathological alterations in the gills were haemocyte infiltration, lipofuscin aggregates and lamellar deformations with tubule degeneration and accumulated lipofuscin aggregates in DG tubules. CuPT impacts antioxidant defense systems even during sublethal exposure of Unio mancus as the freshwater model organism.
{"title":"Oxidative stress response as biomarker of exposure of a freshwater invertebrate model organism (Unio mancus Lamarck, 1819) to antifouling copper pyrithione","authors":"Elif Paçal, Aşkım Gümüş, Çağlan Günal, B. Erkmen, P. Arslan, Z. Yildirim, F. Erkoç","doi":"10.2298/pif2202063p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2202063p","url":null,"abstract":"Sublethal effects of copper pyrithione (CuPT) on an invertebrate model organism, freshwater mussel (Unio mancus), were assessed using oxidative stress parameters and histopathology. The environmentally relevant concentration of 5 ?g/l copper pyrithione was applied as a 96 h semi-static exposure. MDA levels in digestive gland (DG) significantly increased, compared to a control group (p < 0.001). Gill MDA levels also increased, but not significantly (p > 0.05). GSH level in DG increased significantly (p < 0.05), and gill tissue levels also increased but not significantly (p > 0.05). Levels of SOD, GPx activities, and AOPP levels did not change significantly (p > 0.05). The most prominent histopathological alterations in the gills were haemocyte infiltration, lipofuscin aggregates and lamellar deformations with tubule degeneration and accumulated lipofuscin aggregates in DG tubules. CuPT impacts antioxidant defense systems even during sublethal exposure of Unio mancus as the freshwater model organism.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68627645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the most important forage legume and one of the most widely grown crops in Serbia. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are one of the most significant groups of pests of that crop. Three aphid species, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora and Therioaphis trifolii, are considered as important pests of alfalfa in Serbia. The most abundant of them, T. trifolii, is more adapted to warmer temperatures and it is the predominant aphid species during summer months, while A. pisum is prevalent during the spring period. In warmer climates, an increasing abundance of T. trifolii and decreasing populations of A. pisum have been observed in alfalfa in Serbia. On the other hand, A. craccivora is a minor pest of alfalfa, which rarely occurs in high numbers. The present paper synthesizes the existing knowledge about these three aphid pests of alfalfa, including their morphology, biology, seasonal dynamics, pest status and effects of temperature on their development.
{"title":"Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on alfalfa in Serbia: Seasonal dynamics and pest status","authors":"I. Jovičić, Andja Radonjić, O. Petrović-Obradović","doi":"10.2298/pif2203077j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2203077j","url":null,"abstract":"Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the most important forage legume and one of the most widely grown crops in Serbia. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are one of the most significant groups of pests of that crop. Three aphid species, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora and Therioaphis trifolii, are considered as important pests of alfalfa in Serbia. The most abundant of them, T. trifolii, is more adapted to warmer temperatures and it is the predominant aphid species during summer months, while A. pisum is prevalent during the spring period. In warmer climates, an increasing abundance of T. trifolii and decreasing populations of A. pisum have been observed in alfalfa in Serbia. On the other hand, A. craccivora is a minor pest of alfalfa, which rarely occurs in high numbers. The present paper synthesizes the existing knowledge about these three aphid pests of alfalfa, including their morphology, biology, seasonal dynamics, pest status and effects of temperature on their development.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68627338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Santric, L. Radivojević, J. Gajić-Umiljendić, M. Sarić-Krsmanović
This study aimed to examine in vitro allelopathic effects of actinobacterial isolates on seed germination and early seedling growth of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Thirtyfive actinobacterial isolates were obtained from soil and compost in different phases of composting. Also, an experiment variant involving the herbicide mesotrione was set in the recommended amount of application, as a reference standard. The experimental results indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between controls and all treatments with actinobacterial isolates regarding seed germination, and radical and shoot length. The highest inhibition (100%) was observed in seed germination and radical length in treatments with the isolates A10 and NOV2, compared to uninoculated starch casein broth (SCB) as control. Shoot length was shown to be the most sensitive parameter, where 100% inhibition was observed in the following treatments with actinobacteria: A010, A017, NOV2, NOV3, NOV4 and NOV5. Actinobacterial isolates showed a higher inhibitory effect on seed germination than treatment with the reference herbicide mesotrione.
{"title":"Allelopathic effects of actinobacterial isolates on seed germination and early seedling growth of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.)","authors":"L. Santric, L. Radivojević, J. Gajić-Umiljendić, M. Sarić-Krsmanović","doi":"10.2298/pif2202041s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2202041s","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine in vitro allelopathic effects of actinobacterial isolates on seed germination and early seedling growth of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Thirtyfive actinobacterial isolates were obtained from soil and compost in different phases of composting. Also, an experiment variant involving the herbicide mesotrione was set in the recommended amount of application, as a reference standard. The experimental results indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between controls and all treatments with actinobacterial isolates regarding seed germination, and radical and shoot length. The highest inhibition (100%) was observed in seed germination and radical length in treatments with the isolates A10 and NOV2, compared to uninoculated starch casein broth (SCB) as control. Shoot length was shown to be the most sensitive parameter, where 100% inhibition was observed in the following treatments with actinobacteria: A010, A017, NOV2, NOV3, NOV4 and NOV5. Actinobacterial isolates showed a higher inhibitory effect on seed germination than treatment with the reference herbicide mesotrione.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68627296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dark-red spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a highly polyphagous species and an important pest of economic plants belonging to the families Cucurbitaceae, Malvaceae, Fabaceae and Solanaceae, and growing in tropical and subtropical regions. In the Western Palaearctic, its distribution reports have recently come mostly from the Mediterranean Basin, i.e. Portugal, Spain, Italy and Israel. In a survey conducted in Serbia 2019-2021 (comprising 159 sampling locations), T. ludeni was found at 89 locations on 27 plant species of the families Rosaceae (8), Solanaceae (6), Cucurbitaceae (4), Fabaceae (2), Amaranthaceae (2), Asteraceae (2), Apiaceae (1), Convolvulaceae (1) and Poaceae (1). The dark-red spider mite was found in mixed populations with other spider mites (mostly Tetranychus urticae and T. turkestani) in around half of the sampling locations. Heavy infestation and visible symptoms of injury were observed in several locations. Three Rosaceae plant species, plum (Prunus domestica), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and crab apple (Malus sylvestris) were its new hosts. Serbian records of T. ludeni from locations situated at latitudes between 42?N and 46?N were the northernmost distribution records of this species in the Western Palaearctic.
{"title":"The dark-red spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae): A new pest in Serbian acarofauna","authors":"Ivana Marić, I. Medjo, D. Marčić","doi":"10.2298/pif2203085m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2203085m","url":null,"abstract":"The dark-red spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a highly polyphagous species and an important pest of economic plants belonging to the families Cucurbitaceae, Malvaceae, Fabaceae and Solanaceae, and growing in tropical and subtropical regions. In the Western Palaearctic, its distribution reports have recently come mostly from the Mediterranean Basin, i.e. Portugal, Spain, Italy and Israel. In a survey conducted in Serbia 2019-2021 (comprising 159 sampling locations), T. ludeni was found at 89 locations on 27 plant species of the families Rosaceae (8), Solanaceae (6), Cucurbitaceae (4), Fabaceae (2), Amaranthaceae (2), Asteraceae (2), Apiaceae (1), Convolvulaceae (1) and Poaceae (1). The dark-red spider mite was found in mixed populations with other spider mites (mostly Tetranychus urticae and T. turkestani) in around half of the sampling locations. Heavy infestation and visible symptoms of injury were observed in several locations. Three Rosaceae plant species, plum (Prunus domestica), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and crab apple (Malus sylvestris) were its new hosts. Serbian records of T. ludeni from locations situated at latitudes between 42?N and 46?N were the northernmost distribution records of this species in the Western Palaearctic.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68627389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Jevremović, A. Leposavić, N. Miletić, B. Vasilijević, B. Popović, O. Mitrović, M. Milinković
Raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus (RLBV) has become established in many Serbian raspberry orchards as the most prevalent virus of raspberries in the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of RLBV on the red raspberry ?Willamette? variety. A trial was conducted in four raspberry orchards located in Western Serbia. Fruits from RLBVinfected and uninfected canes were analyzed for fruit size (fruit length, width, height, shape, and weight), soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, total sugars, and total phenolic and anthocyanin contents. The results of the study confirmed that RLBV significantly decreases fruit size and weight (9.15-27.49%) of ?Willamette? fruits. Soluble solids content was higher in infected fruits (1.55-7.39%), but the increase was not significant. RLBV did not cause significant changes in titratable acidity of raspberry juice, pH or total sugars content. Total phenolic and anthocyanin contents were higher in fruits of RLBV-infected plants in two out of four locations.
{"title":"Impact of raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus on red raspberry ‘Willamette’ fruits","authors":"D. Jevremović, A. Leposavić, N. Miletić, B. Vasilijević, B. Popović, O. Mitrović, M. Milinković","doi":"10.2298/pif2201001j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2201001j","url":null,"abstract":"Raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus (RLBV) has become established in many Serbian raspberry orchards as the most prevalent virus of raspberries in the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of RLBV on the red raspberry ?Willamette? variety. A trial was conducted in four raspberry orchards located in Western Serbia. Fruits from RLBVinfected and uninfected canes were analyzed for fruit size (fruit length, width, height, shape, and weight), soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, total sugars, and total phenolic and anthocyanin contents. The results of the study confirmed that RLBV significantly decreases fruit size and weight (9.15-27.49%) of ?Willamette? fruits. Soluble solids content was higher in infected fruits (1.55-7.39%), but the increase was not significant. RLBV did not cause significant changes in titratable acidity of raspberry juice, pH or total sugars content. Total phenolic and anthocyanin contents were higher in fruits of RLBV-infected plants in two out of four locations.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68627186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spermiotoxic, embryotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the widely used biofouling biocide copper pyrithione (CuPt) were evaluated in bioassays to examine the inhibition of fertilization rate, offspring quality and effects on early development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. CuPt was non-spermiotoxic for fertilization rates but the frequency of embryonic malformations increased in a concentration-dependent manner when eggs were fertilized with CuPt-exposed sperm. CuPt EC50 was calculated to be 13.58 ?g/l for embryotoxicity. While the frequency of normally developed plutei decreased, the number of larvae with skeletal deformations increased. The IC25 and IC50 values in cytotoxicity assays were calculated to be 12.79 and 47.85 ?g/l, respectively. The study revealed statistically significant decrease in the number of mitotically dividing cells, increase in the percentage of interphase cells and increased chromosomal abnormalities in the exposed cells. According to these results, CuPt can be said to have a highly toxic effect on sea urchin embryos at the applied concentrations. This situation suggests that there may be a potential risk of marine contamination with CuPt for this species.
{"title":"Investigation of spermiotoxic, embryotoxic and cytotoxic effects of copper pyrithione on Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)","authors":"Ezgi Taşcı, S. Hayretdağ","doi":"10.2298/pif2201029t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2201029t","url":null,"abstract":"Spermiotoxic, embryotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the widely used biofouling biocide copper pyrithione (CuPt) were evaluated in bioassays to examine the inhibition of fertilization rate, offspring quality and effects on early development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. CuPt was non-spermiotoxic for fertilization rates but the frequency of embryonic malformations increased in a concentration-dependent manner when eggs were fertilized with CuPt-exposed sperm. CuPt EC50 was calculated to be 13.58 ?g/l for embryotoxicity. While the frequency of normally developed plutei decreased, the number of larvae with skeletal deformations increased. The IC25 and IC50 values in cytotoxicity assays were calculated to be 12.79 and 47.85 ?g/l, respectively. The study revealed statistically significant decrease in the number of mitotically dividing cells, increase in the percentage of interphase cells and increased chromosomal abnormalities in the exposed cells. According to these results, CuPt can be said to have a highly toxic effect on sea urchin embryos at the applied concentrations. This situation suggests that there may be a potential risk of marine contamination with CuPt for this species.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"231 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68626957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial wilt of ginger, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is the most damaging disease, which brings rapid and serious wilting, and reduces the quality and yield of ginger rhizome in Ethiopia. Thus, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different biofumigants on bacterial wilt in Ethiopia during the 2019 and 2020 main cropping seasons. The experiments were conducted at the Tepi Agricultural Research Center. Different biofumigation soil amendments (citronella, palmarosa, mint, lemongrass and Chinese chive) were applied before planting. The trials were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Examination of variance showed that soil amendments with biofumigants strongly decreased bacterial wilt severity and improved rhizome yield and components. Rhizome yield gains of about 90.2% were achieved by soil biofumigation with lemongrass, as compared to untreated control. The relative mean rhizome yield damage due to bacterial wilt in the control plot was 47.4%. Wilt severity was inversely and very significantly (p ?0.01) proportional (r = -0.90) to rhizome yield. The overall results of the study show that soil amendments with botanicals, particularly lemongrass, before planting should be used to manage ginger bacterial wilt in experimental areas and further similar agro-ecologies.
埃塞俄比亚生姜细菌性枯萎病(Bacterial wilt of ginger)是由枯枯病(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的危害最大的病害，它导致生姜萎蔫迅速而严重，降低了生姜根茎的质量和产量。为此，在埃塞俄比亚开展了2019年和2020年主要种植季不同生物熏蒸剂对青枯病的防治效果试验。实验是在特皮农业研究中心进行的。种植前施用不同的生物熏蒸土壤改良剂(香茅、棕榈草、薄荷、柠檬草和韭菜)。试验采用完全随机区组设计，有3个重复。变异检验表明，土壤改良剂能显著降低青枯病的严重程度，提高根茎产量和成分。与未经处理的对照相比，用柠檬草进行土壤生物熏蒸可使根茎产量增加约90.2%。对照区青枯病对根茎产量的相对平均损失率为47.4%。青枯病严重程度与根茎产量呈极显著负相关(p ?0.01)关系(r = -0.90)。该研究的总体结果表明，在试验区和进一步类似的农业生态中，种植前应使用植物制剂，特别是柠檬草进行土壤改良剂来管理生姜青枯病。
{"title":"Management of ginger bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) epidemics by biofumigation at Tepi, southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Merga Jibat, Shamil Alo","doi":"10.2298/pif2201021j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2201021j","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial wilt of ginger, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is the most damaging disease, which brings rapid and serious wilting, and reduces the quality and yield of ginger rhizome in Ethiopia. Thus, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different biofumigants on bacterial wilt in Ethiopia during the 2019 and 2020 main cropping seasons. The experiments were conducted at the Tepi Agricultural Research Center. Different biofumigation soil amendments (citronella, palmarosa, mint, lemongrass and Chinese chive) were applied before planting. The trials were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Examination of variance showed that soil amendments with biofumigants strongly decreased bacterial wilt severity and improved rhizome yield and components. Rhizome yield gains of about 90.2% were achieved by soil biofumigation with lemongrass, as compared to untreated control. The relative mean rhizome yield damage due to bacterial wilt in the control plot was 47.4%. Wilt severity was inversely and very significantly (p ?0.01) proportional (r = -0.90) to rhizome yield. The overall results of the study show that soil amendments with botanicals, particularly lemongrass, before planting should be used to manage ginger bacterial wilt in experimental areas and further similar agro-ecologies.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68626817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Kljajić, G. Andrić, Goran Jokić, Marijana Pražič-Golić, T. Blažić, I. Jovičić
Several options of protection of organic cereals (winter and spring wheat, rye and maize) from insect and rodent pests, using a combination of traps (with or without pheromone/ attractant) and sticky tapes and no chemicals, were tested in a warehouse over the summerspring season of 2019/2020. Temperature in the warehouse was 14-29?C and humidity around 50%. The average grain moisture of winter and spring wheat and rye was 10-11%, while it was 12-14% in maize grain, and the average grain temperature of all cereals was 13-27?C. Regarding stored-product insect pests, five coleopteran, two moth and one Psocoptera species were detected, and the coleopterans predominated (98.5%) along with secondary pest insects (94.0%). Regarding rodents, only specimens of Mus musculus were found throughout the test period, their maximum monthly frequency being 72 (in January 2020). A combination of traps (with or without pheromones) and sticky tape barriers was found to provide an effective tool for trapping insects. Also, snap traps and trapping boxes for killing rodents, when used simultaneously with sticky tape barriers, were found to provide good protection of cereals from house mice. The pest control effect was also confirmed by collecting samples of organic cereal grain, which showed no significant presence of stored-product insects or grain damage (0.94% and 0.96% in spring wheat and rye, respectively) at the end of the test period. The results showed a great potential of combined application of traps and sticky tapes for protecting organic cereals in horizontal bulk storages, but the use of chemicals approved for organic food production would be required under extended storage periods.
{"title":"Protection of organic cereals from insect and rodent pests in a warehouse by combined use of traps and sticky tapes","authors":"P. Kljajić, G. Andrić, Goran Jokić, Marijana Pražič-Golić, T. Blažić, I. Jovičić","doi":"10.2298/pif2102061k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2102061k","url":null,"abstract":"Several options of protection of organic cereals (winter and spring wheat, rye and maize) from insect and rodent pests, using a combination of traps (with or without pheromone/ attractant) and sticky tapes and no chemicals, were tested in a warehouse over the summerspring season of 2019/2020. Temperature in the warehouse was 14-29?C and humidity around 50%. The average grain moisture of winter and spring wheat and rye was 10-11%, while it was 12-14% in maize grain, and the average grain temperature of all cereals was 13-27?C. Regarding stored-product insect pests, five coleopteran, two moth and one Psocoptera species were detected, and the coleopterans predominated (98.5%) along with secondary pest insects (94.0%). Regarding rodents, only specimens of Mus musculus were found throughout the test period, their maximum monthly frequency being 72 (in January 2020). A combination of traps (with or without pheromones) and sticky tape barriers was found to provide an effective tool for trapping insects. Also, snap traps and trapping boxes for killing rodents, when used simultaneously with sticky tape barriers, were found to provide good protection of cereals from house mice. The pest control effect was also confirmed by collecting samples of organic cereal grain, which showed no significant presence of stored-product insects or grain damage (0.94% and 0.96% in spring wheat and rye, respectively) at the end of the test period. The results showed a great potential of combined application of traps and sticky tapes for protecting organic cereals in horizontal bulk storages, but the use of chemicals approved for organic food production would be required under extended storage periods.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68626466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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