Different brown rot pathogens cause similar symptoms on fruit, which makes it difficult to differentiate them based only on developed symptoms. Therefore, several methods have been described for accurate identification of Monilinia species. In spite of the fact that those methods can be reliable, there are several limitations for their use, and the aim of this study was to find out if there are any specific characteristics that could be used as additional features for precise identification and in-depth characterization of Monilinia species. The results showed that morphological characteristics on PDA, and mycelium growth rate on PDA medium can be useful characters for differentiation of Monilinia species since M. fructicola was found to grow faster than the other two test species, while M. fructigena grew the slowest. MALT was the optimal medium for M. laxa and M. fructigena isolates, while PDA medium was optimal for M. fructicola. Regarding an extremely acidic medium (pH 2), only M. laxa and M. fructicola isolates were able to grow in it, while M. fructigena isolate was the only that grew in a moderately alkaline medium (pH 9). Also, the results revealed that the optimal temperature for M. fructigena and M. fructicola growth was 23oC, while 28oC was optimal for M. laxa isolate. On the other hand, some differences in the sensitivity of Monilinia isolates were revealed at extreme temperatures: M. fructigena isolate was the most sensitive (grew from 4?C to up to 31?C), while M. fructicola isolate was the most resistant (grew at 2?C and 34?C). The obtained results inferred that there are no specific features that can be used for reliable and precise identification of Monilinia species, but we observed some differences regarding the effects of extreme temperatures and pH values of culture medium on different species. Further research, involving more isolates, is needed for a final conclusion.
{"title":"Morphological, cultural and ecological characterization of Monilinia spp., pathogens of stone fruit in Serbia","authors":"J. Hrustić, M. Mihajlović, B. Tanović","doi":"10.2298/pif2001039h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2001039h","url":null,"abstract":"Different brown rot pathogens cause similar symptoms on fruit, which makes it difficult to differentiate them based only on developed symptoms. Therefore, several methods have been described for accurate identification of Monilinia species. In spite of the fact that those methods can be reliable, there are several limitations for their use, and the aim of this study was to find out if there are any specific characteristics that could be used as additional features for precise identification and in-depth characterization of Monilinia species. The results showed that morphological characteristics on PDA, and mycelium growth rate on PDA medium can be useful characters for differentiation of Monilinia species since M. fructicola was found to grow faster than the other two test species, while M. fructigena grew the slowest. MALT was the optimal medium for M. laxa and M. fructigena isolates, while PDA medium was optimal for M. fructicola. Regarding an extremely acidic medium (pH 2), only M. laxa and M. fructicola isolates were able to grow in it, while M. fructigena isolate was the only that grew in a moderately alkaline medium (pH 9). Also, the results revealed that the optimal temperature for M. fructigena and M. fructicola growth was 23oC, while 28oC was optimal for M. laxa isolate. On the other hand, some differences in the sensitivity of Monilinia isolates were revealed at extreme temperatures: M. fructigena isolate was the most sensitive (grew from 4?C to up to 31?C), while M. fructicola isolate was the most resistant (grew at 2?C and 34?C). The obtained results inferred that there are no specific features that can be used for reliable and precise identification of Monilinia species, but we observed some differences regarding the effects of extreme temperatures and pH values of culture medium on different species. Further research, involving more isolates, is needed for a final conclusion.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68625343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Savić, Ana Mileusnić, D. Pavlović, D. Božić, S. Vrbničanin
Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) and A. trifida (giant ragweed) are very important weed species that are invasive in Serbia and are often found in agricultural regions. When these weeds are present at high densities, crop yields can be significantly reduced or even completely destroyed. Unlike A. artemisiifolia, A. trifida is locally present in the Central Backa region (Vojvodina province), and it is expected that its area of distribution will expand in the future. Starting from the assumption that future distribution of A. trifida could take on larger proportions than now, the aim of this study was focused on examining the interaction between these two species. Experiments were conducted using the replacement design model, in which Ambrosia trifida/Ambrosia artemisiifolia per m2, were planted as density ratios of 10/0; 8/2; 4/6; 6/4; 2/8, and 0/10, in a completely randomized block system with four replications. The vegetative parameters (height and dry mass) of A. artemisiifolia were measured in July, August and September over a period of two years (2016 and 2017), and the results were statistically analysed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 23). In July 2016, the average height of A. artemisiifolia was in the range between 35.00 and 50.40 cm, in August it was from 68.00 to 95.50 cm, and between 83.75 and 99.80 cm in September. In the following season (2017), the corresponding values ranged from 56.19 to 78.50 (July), 98.38 to 125.50 cm (August) and 111.19 to 148.50 (September). An increase in the number of A. artemisiifolia plants and decrease in A. trifida counts per m2 caused an increase in the dry mass of A. artemisiifolia per plant. The dry mass of A. artemisiifolia ranged from 4.22 to 6.11 g/plant (July), 8.96 to 10.27 g/plant (August) and 7.04 to 19.53 g/plant (September). In the following season, these values ranged from 9.62 to 14.60 g/plant, 14.37 to 28.90 g/plant, and 23.43 to 40.47 g/plant in July, August and September, respectively. Minimum values of vegetative parameters were recorded in the treatment with 2 plants, and maximum in the treatment with 10 A. artemisiifolia plants/m2. This means that interspecific competition is more pronounced in this ragweed species than intraspecific competition.
{"title":"The influence of Ambrosia trifida on vegetative production of A. artemisiifolia","authors":"A. Savić, Ana Mileusnić, D. Pavlović, D. Božić, S. Vrbničanin","doi":"10.2298/pif2002105s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2002105s","url":null,"abstract":"Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) and A. trifida (giant ragweed) are very important weed species that are invasive in Serbia and are often found in agricultural regions. When these weeds are present at high densities, crop yields can be significantly reduced or even completely destroyed. Unlike A. artemisiifolia, A. trifida is locally present in the Central Backa region (Vojvodina province), and it is expected that its area of distribution will expand in the future. Starting from the assumption that future distribution of A. trifida could take on larger proportions than now, the aim of this study was focused on examining the interaction between these two species. Experiments were conducted using the replacement design model, in which Ambrosia trifida/Ambrosia artemisiifolia per m2, were planted as density ratios of 10/0; 8/2; 4/6; 6/4; 2/8, and 0/10, in a completely randomized block system with four replications. The vegetative parameters (height and dry mass) of A. artemisiifolia were measured in July, August and September over a period of two years (2016 and 2017), and the results were statistically analysed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 23). In July 2016, the average height of A. artemisiifolia was in the range between 35.00 and 50.40 cm, in August it was from 68.00 to 95.50 cm, and between 83.75 and 99.80 cm in September. In the following season (2017), the corresponding values ranged from 56.19 to 78.50 (July), 98.38 to 125.50 cm (August) and 111.19 to 148.50 (September). An increase in the number of A. artemisiifolia plants and decrease in A. trifida counts per m2 caused an increase in the dry mass of A. artemisiifolia per plant. The dry mass of A. artemisiifolia ranged from 4.22 to 6.11 g/plant (July), 8.96 to 10.27 g/plant (August) and 7.04 to 19.53 g/plant (September). In the following season, these values ranged from 9.62 to 14.60 g/plant, 14.37 to 28.90 g/plant, and 23.43 to 40.47 g/plant in July, August and September, respectively. Minimum values of vegetative parameters were recorded in the treatment with 2 plants, and maximum in the treatment with 10 A. artemisiifolia plants/m2. This means that interspecific competition is more pronounced in this ragweed species than intraspecific competition.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68625921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Vučurović, I. Stanković, K. Zečević, Branka Petrović, G. Delibašić, B. Krstic
The wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), vectored by the wheat curl mite, is globally distributed and threatens wheat production worldwide. Since its first occurrence in Serbia in the 1960s, WSMV presence has not been monitored. In 2019, a total of 62 samples of fi ve wheat cultivars from eight locations in Serbia were collected and tested for the presence of nine common wheat viruses: WSMV, barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV, -MAV, -SGV, and -RMV, cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV, wheat spindle streak virus, brome mosaic virus, and soil-borne wheat mosaic virus, using individual or multiplex RT-PCR. WSMV was detected in 58.1% of the tested samples in seven wheat crops at five different locations. Species-specific primers failed to detect the presence of the other eight tested viruses. For further confirmation of WSMV, RT-PCR with the WS8166F/WS8909R primers covering the coat protein (CP) gene was carried out for both amplification and sequencing. The amplified product of the correct predicted size (750 bp) derived from four selected isolates, 98-19, 99-19, 102-19 and 120-19, was sequenced and deposited in GenBank (MT461299, MT461300, MT461301 and MT461302, respectively). Serbian WSMV isolates showed very high nucleotide identity (98.16-99.02%) and shared a deletion of triplet codon GCA at nucleotide position 8412- 8414 resulting in deletion of glycine amino acid (Gly2761). Phylogenetic analysis conducted on CP gene sequences revealed the existence of four clades, named A, B, C and D, and one recently introduced clade B1. All Serbian wheat WSMV isolates grouped into clade B together with other European isolates and one isolate from Iran. The results of this study provide the first insight into molecular characterisation of Serbian WSMV isolates, indicating their close relationship with other European isolates and existence of a single genotype in the country. Phylogenetic analysis also confirms the dispersal of WSMV isolates throughout Europe from a single locus.
{"title":"Occurrence and molecular characterization of wheat streak mosaic virus in wheat in Serbia","authors":"A. Vučurović, I. Stanković, K. Zečević, Branka Petrović, G. Delibašić, B. Krstic","doi":"10.2298/pif2002117v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2002117v","url":null,"abstract":"The wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), vectored by the wheat curl mite, is globally distributed and threatens wheat production worldwide. Since its first occurrence in Serbia in the 1960s, WSMV presence has not been monitored. In 2019, a total of 62 samples of fi ve wheat cultivars from eight locations in Serbia were collected and tested for the presence of nine common wheat viruses: WSMV, barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV, -MAV, -SGV, and -RMV, cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV, wheat spindle streak virus, brome mosaic virus, and soil-borne wheat mosaic virus, using individual or multiplex RT-PCR. WSMV was detected in 58.1% of the tested samples in seven wheat crops at five different locations. Species-specific primers failed to detect the presence of the other eight tested viruses. For further confirmation of WSMV, RT-PCR with the WS8166F/WS8909R primers covering the coat protein (CP) gene was carried out for both amplification and sequencing. The amplified product of the correct predicted size (750 bp) derived from four selected isolates, 98-19, 99-19, 102-19 and 120-19, was sequenced and deposited in GenBank (MT461299, MT461300, MT461301 and MT461302, respectively). Serbian WSMV isolates showed very high nucleotide identity (98.16-99.02%) and shared a deletion of triplet codon GCA at nucleotide position 8412- 8414 resulting in deletion of glycine amino acid (Gly2761). Phylogenetic analysis conducted on CP gene sequences revealed the existence of four clades, named A, B, C and D, and one recently introduced clade B1. All Serbian wheat WSMV isolates grouped into clade B together with other European isolates and one isolate from Iran. The results of this study provide the first insight into molecular characterisation of Serbian WSMV isolates, indicating their close relationship with other European isolates and existence of a single genotype in the country. Phylogenetic analysis also confirms the dispersal of WSMV isolates throughout Europe from a single locus.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68625980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Jovičić, Andja Radonjić, P. Kljajić, G. Andrić, Marijana Pražič-Golić, O. Petrović-Obradović
The presence of the invasive coccinellid Harmonia axyridis in aphid colonies on plants, as well as its co-occurrence with native coccinellid predators was studied in the period 2011-2020. Also, its occurrence on fruit plants and grapes was monitored at harvest time. Research was conducted on 41 locations in Serbia. The feeding of this invasive species was recorded on a total of 43 aphid taxa of 25 different genera. It was most frequently present on aphid colonies of the genera Aphis, Brachycaudus and Myzus. The presence of H. axyridis in aphid colonies was recorded on 58 cultivated plant species: 10 fruit, 7 field crop, 5 vegetable and 16 ornamental species, as well as 20 non-cultivated plants. Harmonia axyridis feeding was also observed on mature fruit plants of cultivated blueberries, nectarine and grapes in representative production areas in Serbia. Nine native coccinellid species were detected in this study: Adalia bipunctata, Adalia decempunctata, Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia sp., Hippodamia apicalis, Hippodamia variegata, Hippodamia tredecimpunctata, Hippodamia undecimnotata and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata. Populations of H. axyridis and native coccinellids co-occurred in aphid colonies on many plants, i.e. in 53.45% of all samples. The results inferred that H. axyridis as a predator of numerous aphids on many plants is a useful coccinellid species. However, it may also be considered as a potential pest in fruit and grape production, and a threat to native aphidophagous coccinellids.
{"title":"Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Serbia: Its presence on aphid-infested plants and co-occurrence with native Aphidophagous coccinellids","authors":"I. Jovičić, Andja Radonjić, P. Kljajić, G. Andrić, Marijana Pražič-Golić, O. Petrović-Obradović","doi":"10.2298/PIF2003145J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF2003145J","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of the invasive coccinellid Harmonia axyridis in aphid colonies on plants, as well as its co-occurrence with native coccinellid predators was studied in the period 2011-2020. Also, its occurrence on fruit plants and grapes was monitored at harvest time. Research was conducted on 41 locations in Serbia. The feeding of this invasive species was recorded on a total of 43 aphid taxa of 25 different genera. It was most frequently present on aphid colonies of the genera Aphis, Brachycaudus and Myzus. The presence of H. axyridis in aphid colonies was recorded on 58 cultivated plant species: 10 fruit, 7 field crop, 5 vegetable and 16 ornamental species, as well as 20 non-cultivated plants. Harmonia axyridis feeding was also observed on mature fruit plants of cultivated blueberries, nectarine and grapes in representative production areas in Serbia. Nine native coccinellid species were detected in this study: Adalia bipunctata, Adalia decempunctata, Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia sp., Hippodamia apicalis, Hippodamia variegata, Hippodamia tredecimpunctata, Hippodamia undecimnotata and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata. Populations of H. axyridis and native coccinellids co-occurred in aphid colonies on many plants, i.e. in 53.45% of all samples. The results inferred that H. axyridis as a predator of numerous aphids on many plants is a useful coccinellid species. However, it may also be considered as a potential pest in fruit and grape production, and a threat to native aphidophagous coccinellids.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"35 1","pages":"145-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68626153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unrestricted use of anticoagulants has resulted in rodents developing resistance to them. This has caused a series of problems regarding reduction in rodent populations, which has further implicated great economic losses and a serious threat to the health of people and domestic animals. The popular global trend currently is to control rodent populations by applying the least possible amounts of chemicals, which on the other hand implies that several coactive alternative measures need to be applied in an effort to reduce rodent numbers to an acceptable economic level. On the other hand, knowledge of the genetic structure of rodent populations has become an important set of information desirable to have before setting off to apply rodenticides in practice, so as to prevent ineffective use of rodenticides and prevent further spreading of resistant rodent populations. The latest trend of using combinations of low-dose anticoagulant baits requires further research as their effects on susceptible populations are known but their impact on resistant animals is still not clear.
{"title":"Screening and prevention of anticoagulant resistance development in house mice: A review","authors":"T. Blažić, Goran Jokić, Suzana Djedovic","doi":"10.2298/pif2002069b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2002069b","url":null,"abstract":"Unrestricted use of anticoagulants has resulted in rodents developing resistance to them. This has caused a series of problems regarding reduction in rodent populations, which has further implicated great economic losses and a serious threat to the health of people and domestic animals. The popular global trend currently is to control rodent populations by applying the least possible amounts of chemicals, which on the other hand implies that several coactive alternative measures need to be applied in an effort to reduce rodent numbers to an acceptable economic level. On the other hand, knowledge of the genetic structure of rodent populations has become an important set of information desirable to have before setting off to apply rodenticides in practice, so as to prevent ineffective use of rodenticides and prevent further spreading of resistant rodent populations. The latest trend of using combinations of low-dose anticoagulant baits requires further research as their effects on susceptible populations are known but their impact on resistant animals is still not clear.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68625421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Lukovic, Rada Djurovic-Pejcev, T. Djordjevic, S. Milijasevic-Marcic, N. Duduk, I. Vico, I. Potocnik
Jelena Luković1, Rada Đurović-Pejčev1, Tijana Đorđević1, Svetlana Milijašević-Marčić1, Nataša Duduk2, Ivana Vico2 and Ivana Potočnik1* 1 Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia *Corresponding author: ivana.potocnik@pesting.org.rs Received: 31 December 2020 Accepted: 15 January 2021 SUMMARY
Jelena Luković1，Rada Der urović-Pejčev1，Tijana Der orÇević1、Svetlana Milijaševič-Marčić2、Nataša Duduk2、Ivana Vico2和Ivana Potočnik1*1农药和环境保护研究所，Banatska 31b，11080贝尔格莱德，塞尔维亚2贝尔格莱德大学农业学院，Nemanjina 61180贝尔格莱德，Serbia*通讯作者：ivana.potocnik@pesting.org.rs收到日期：2020年12月31日接受日期：2021年1月15日摘要
{"title":"Antifungal and synergistic activity of five plant essential oils from Serbia against Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum Samuels & W. Gams","authors":"J. Lukovic, Rada Djurovic-Pejcev, T. Djordjevic, S. Milijasevic-Marcic, N. Duduk, I. Vico, I. Potocnik","doi":"10.2298/PIF2003173L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF2003173L","url":null,"abstract":"Jelena Luković1, Rada Đurović-Pejčev1, Tijana Đorđević1, Svetlana Milijašević-Marčić1, Nataša Duduk2, Ivana Vico2 and Ivana Potočnik1* 1 Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia *Corresponding author: ivana.potocnik@pesting.org.rs Received: 31 December 2020 Accepted: 15 January 2021 SUMMARY","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"35 1","pages":"173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68626455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Tanović, J. Hrustić, M. Mihajlović, M. Grahovac, Marija Stevanović, S. Gašić
Essential oils have been well-known for their antimicrobial properties for a very long time. Some of them have been effectively used in human medicine for decades. Our earlier investigation revealed a great potential of thyme and oregano essential oils as crop protectants against some postharvest fruit pathogens. The effects of formulated thyme and oregano essential oils on Monilinia laxa and Monilinia fructicola were studied in vitro and in vivo. In vitro antagonistic assays were performed on solidified PDA medium using a slightly modified agar overlay technique, while in vivo experiments were conducted on inoculated apple fruits. In vitro essays showed that the developed formulations (emulsifiable concentrates - EC) significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of Monilinia spp. Experiments in vivo, performed on inoculated apple fruits, revealed that the developed formulations provided a significant level of Monilinia spp. suppression. To our knowledge, another EC formulation of oregano essential oil intended for use in Monilinia spp. control has never been developed before. The presented results are initial findings and evaluation of the activity of the developed products should therefore proceed under field conditions to determine their efficacy and activity spectrum, and to estimate economic aspects of their use.
{"title":"Effects of developed thyme and oregano essential oil formulations on Monilinia laxa and Monilinia fructicola","authors":"B. Tanović, J. Hrustić, M. Mihajlović, M. Grahovac, Marija Stevanović, S. Gašić","doi":"10.2298/pif2001049t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2001049t","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils have been well-known for their antimicrobial properties for a very long time. Some of them have been effectively used in human medicine for decades. Our earlier investigation revealed a great potential of thyme and oregano essential oils as crop protectants against some postharvest fruit pathogens. The effects of formulated thyme and oregano essential oils on Monilinia laxa and Monilinia fructicola were studied in vitro and in vivo. In vitro antagonistic assays were performed on solidified PDA medium using a slightly modified agar overlay technique, while in vivo experiments were conducted on inoculated apple fruits. In vitro essays showed that the developed formulations (emulsifiable concentrates - EC) significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of Monilinia spp. Experiments in vivo, performed on inoculated apple fruits, revealed that the developed formulations provided a significant level of Monilinia spp. suppression. To our knowledge, another EC formulation of oregano essential oil intended for use in Monilinia spp. control has never been developed before. The presented results are initial findings and evaluation of the activity of the developed products should therefore proceed under field conditions to determine their efficacy and activity spectrum, and to estimate economic aspects of their use.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68625408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Popović, A. Jelušić, P. Mitrović, R. Iličić, S. Markovic
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the causal agent of black rot disease of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), is one of the most important bacteria which affect proper cabbage growth, leading to head weight and quality losses and thereby drastically reducing its marketing value. The pathogen is genetically diverse, which is evident from the presence of eleven races worldwide and more than thirty combinations of allelic profiles. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the allelic profiles of Serbian cabbage Xcc strains obtained in 2014. The analysis was done on three selected Xcc strains whose DNA was first amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with four housekeeping genes - P-XdnaK, fyuA, gyrB, and rpoD, then sequenced, and the obtained sequences were finally used to determine allelic profiles. Allelic profiles were determined by comparison with 33 Xcc strains obtained from different hosts and regions, whose allelic profiles had been determined previously. A non-redundant database (NRDB) from the pubMLST was used for allelic profile determination and Phyloviz software for constructing a minimum spanning tree. The obtained allelic profile of all Serbian Xcc cabbage strains was 1, 3, 1, 1 for the P-X-dnaK, fyuA, gyrB and rpoD genes, respectively. This profile is assigned as sequence type 2 (ST2) and it coincides with a Portuguese B. oleracea Xcc strain, CPBF 213, originating from B. oleracea var. costata. No connection between sequence type (ST) and the host was detected.
{"title":"Allelic profile of Serbian Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris isolates from cabbage","authors":"T. Popović, A. Jelušić, P. Mitrović, R. Iličić, S. Markovic","doi":"10.2298/pif2001019p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2001019p","url":null,"abstract":"Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the causal agent of black rot disease of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), is one of the most important bacteria which affect proper cabbage growth, leading to head weight and quality losses and thereby drastically reducing its marketing value. The pathogen is genetically diverse, which is evident from the presence of eleven races worldwide and more than thirty combinations of allelic profiles. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the allelic profiles of Serbian cabbage Xcc strains obtained in 2014. The analysis was done on three selected Xcc strains whose DNA was first amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with four housekeeping genes - P-XdnaK, fyuA, gyrB, and rpoD, then sequenced, and the obtained sequences were finally used to determine allelic profiles. Allelic profiles were determined by comparison with 33 Xcc strains obtained from different hosts and regions, whose allelic profiles had been determined previously. A non-redundant database (NRDB) from the pubMLST was used for allelic profile determination and Phyloviz software for constructing a minimum spanning tree. The obtained allelic profile of all Serbian Xcc cabbage strains was 1, 3, 1, 1 for the P-X-dnaK, fyuA, gyrB and rpoD genes, respectively. This profile is assigned as sequence type 2 (ST2) and it coincides with a Portuguese B. oleracea Xcc strain, CPBF 213, originating from B. oleracea var. costata. No connection between sequence type (ST) and the host was detected.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samples of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) from the most important growing areas in Serbia were analyzed for the presence of four most important raspberry viruses: raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV), raspberry leaf mottle virus (RLMV), black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV) and Rubus yellow net virus (RYNV), and their incidence in individual and mixed infected samples. Seventy-four samples of eight raspberry cultivars, selected from 32 main cultivation sites were tested, of which 62 leaf samples showed symptoms that could be caused by viruses and 12 samples were asymptomatic. The presence of viruses was tested by appropriate RT-PCR and PCR methods, using virus-specific primers. All four viruses were detected with highly significant differences of incidence in a total of 61 infected symptomatic samples. Infection with one of the four tested viruses was detected in 59.0% of all infected samples. The most prevalent was RLBV, which was associated with raspberry leaf blotch disorder in coexistence with its vector raspberry leaf and bud mite P. gracillis, and it was detected in 70.5% of the infected samples. It was followed by RYNV with an incidence of 42.6%, BRNV with 36.1% and RLMV with 9.8% incidence, considering all infected samples. The obtained results for the first time in Serbia showed a high proportion (41.0%) of mixed infections involving between two and four viruses. The most common were infections with two viruses, 68.0% of all mixed-infected samples, and among them coinfections with RLBV and RYNV (44.0%). Viruses of the raspberry mosaic complex, BRNV, RYNV and RLMV, including coinfections of 2-3 listed viruses along with RLBV, were found in a high joined proportion of 14.7% of all infected samples, i.e. 36.0% of mixed infected samples.
{"title":"High proportion of mixed virus infections in raspberry plantations in Serbia","authors":"S. Paunovic, D. Jevremović","doi":"10.2298/pif2001027p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2001027p","url":null,"abstract":"Samples of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) from the most important growing areas in Serbia were analyzed for the presence of four most important raspberry viruses: raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV), raspberry leaf mottle virus (RLMV), black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV) and Rubus yellow net virus (RYNV), and their incidence in individual and mixed infected samples. Seventy-four samples of eight raspberry cultivars, selected from 32 main cultivation sites were tested, of which 62 leaf samples showed symptoms that could be caused by viruses and 12 samples were asymptomatic. The presence of viruses was tested by appropriate RT-PCR and PCR methods, using virus-specific primers. All four viruses were detected with highly significant differences of incidence in a total of 61 infected symptomatic samples. Infection with one of the four tested viruses was detected in 59.0% of all infected samples. The most prevalent was RLBV, which was associated with raspberry leaf blotch disorder in coexistence with its vector raspberry leaf and bud mite P. gracillis, and it was detected in 70.5% of the infected samples. It was followed by RYNV with an incidence of 42.6%, BRNV with 36.1% and RLMV with 9.8% incidence, considering all infected samples. The obtained results for the first time in Serbia showed a high proportion (41.0%) of mixed infections involving between two and four viruses. The most common were infections with two viruses, 68.0% of all mixed-infected samples, and among them coinfections with RLBV and RYNV (44.0%). Viruses of the raspberry mosaic complex, BRNV, RYNV and RLMV, including coinfections of 2-3 listed viruses along with RLBV, were found in a high joined proportion of 14.7% of all infected samples, i.e. 36.0% of mixed infected samples.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68625041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mihajlović, E. Rekanović, J. Hrustić, M. Grahovac, Marija Stevanović, B. Tanović
In vitro and in vivo sensitivity of Rhizoctonia solani to several commercial fungicides and biofungicides was studied. An isolate of R. solani, derived from diseased pepper plants originating from a greenhouse in Knjazevac, Serbia, was used. The highest efficacy in R. solani control under greenhouse conditions was achieved by iprodione (95.80%, compared to control), although differences in the effectiveness of iprodione, tea tree oil, azoxystrobin and thiophanate-methyl were not statistically significant. The isolate was sensitive to all tested products in vitro. The obtained EC50s were: 0.43 mg/l for iprodione, 1.84 mg/l for thiophanate-methyl, 13.84 mg/l for prochloraz, 430.37 mg/l for fluopyram, 596.60 mg/l for azoxystrobin, and 496.79 mg/l for tea tree oil.
{"title":"Effects of fungicides and biofungicides on Rhizoctonia solani, a pathogen of pepper","authors":"M. Mihajlović, E. Rekanović, J. Hrustić, M. Grahovac, Marija Stevanović, B. Tanović","doi":"10.2298/pif2002097m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2002097m","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro and in vivo sensitivity of Rhizoctonia solani to several commercial fungicides and biofungicides was studied. An isolate of R. solani, derived from diseased pepper plants originating from a greenhouse in Knjazevac, Serbia, was used. The highest efficacy in R. solani control under greenhouse conditions was achieved by iprodione (95.80%, compared to control), although differences in the effectiveness of iprodione, tea tree oil, azoxystrobin and thiophanate-methyl were not statistically significant. The isolate was sensitive to all tested products in vitro. The obtained EC50s were: 0.43 mg/l for iprodione, 1.84 mg/l for thiophanate-methyl, 13.84 mg/l for prochloraz, 430.37 mg/l for fluopyram, 596.60 mg/l for azoxystrobin, and 496.79 mg/l for tea tree oil.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68625825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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