L. Santric, L. Radivojević, M. Sarić-Krsmanović, J. Gajić-Umiljendić, Rada Djurovic-Pejcev
The effect of metribuzin on soil microorganisms and their enzymatic activity, as well as the amount of metribuzin residues, greatly depend on the type of soil and its physico-chemical properties. A laboratory experiment was set up to determine the effects of metribuzin on different groups of microorganisms and dehydrogenase activity in loamy and sandy soils. The amounts of metribuzin residues in those soils were also determined. The following concentrations were tested: 12.0, 24.0, 120.0 and 1200.0 mg a.i. kg-1soil. Samples were collected 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after metribuzin application. Metribuzin acted inhibitively on total bacteria counts in both types of soil: 6.9% in loamy and 7.9% in sandy soils. Actinomycetes counts decreased over the first 14 days after metribuzin treatment by 15.6% in loamy and 8.1% in sandy soil. However, starting with the 30th post-treatment day, their number either increased or remained at the control level. Fungi counts increased by 6.0% seven days after the application of the two highest concentrations. In sandy soil, fungi counts were significantly reduced by 29%. Metribuzin treatment significantly reduced the activity of dehydrogenase enzyme in both types of soil. Only the highest test concentration applied to the sandy soil showed a stimulating effect (33.2 %). Degradation data showed that the measured amounts of metribuzin decreased over time in both types of soil at all four test concentrations. The results showed that the extracted amounts of metribuzin active ingredient at all its test concentrations were greater in the sandy type of soil. Loamy soil was shown to have a better sorption capacity due to its higher contents of organic matter and clay.
{"title":"Microbial activity in different soils in response to metribuzin treatment","authors":"L. Santric, L. Radivojević, M. Sarić-Krsmanović, J. Gajić-Umiljendić, Rada Djurovic-Pejcev","doi":"10.2298/pif1902123s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1902123s","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of metribuzin on soil microorganisms and their enzymatic activity, as well as the amount of metribuzin residues, greatly depend on the type of soil and its physico-chemical properties. A laboratory experiment was set up to determine the effects of metribuzin on different groups of microorganisms and dehydrogenase activity in loamy and sandy soils. The amounts of metribuzin residues in those soils were also determined. The following concentrations were tested: 12.0, 24.0, 120.0 and 1200.0 mg a.i. kg-1soil. Samples were collected 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after metribuzin application. Metribuzin acted inhibitively on total bacteria counts in both types of soil: 6.9% in loamy and 7.9% in sandy soils. Actinomycetes counts decreased over the first 14 days after metribuzin treatment by 15.6% in loamy and 8.1% in sandy soil. However, starting with the 30th post-treatment day, their number either increased or remained at the control level. Fungi counts increased by 6.0% seven days after the application of the two highest concentrations. In sandy soil, fungi counts were significantly reduced by 29%. Metribuzin treatment significantly reduced the activity of dehydrogenase enzyme in both types of soil. Only the highest test concentration applied to the sandy soil showed a stimulating effect (33.2 %). Degradation data showed that the measured amounts of metribuzin decreased over time in both types of soil at all four test concentrations. The results showed that the extracted amounts of metribuzin active ingredient at all its test concentrations were greater in the sandy type of soil. Loamy soil was shown to have a better sorption capacity due to its higher contents of organic matter and clay.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Tanović, Milan Koščica, J. Hrustić, M. Mihajlović, V. Trkulja, G. Delibašić
Over the past several decades, necrotic spots, lesions and blight symptoms have been observed on onion leaves in several locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the crop is grown intensively. The type of symptoms indicated a possible infection with Botrytis squamosa, a widespread pathogen of onion. As symptoms of leaf spots and necrotic lesions can also be caused by some other biotic and abiotic factors, our research focused on identifying the causal agent of the observed symptoms. The pathogen was isolated from diseased tissue using standard phytopathological procedure and identified based on pathogenic and morphological features. Identification was confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The influence of temperature and growth medium on mycelial growth rate of the isolates was also studied.
{"title":"Botrytis squamosa - the causal agent of onion leaf blight in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"B. Tanović, Milan Koščica, J. Hrustić, M. Mihajlović, V. Trkulja, G. Delibašić","doi":"10.2298/PIF1901009T","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1901009T","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several decades, necrotic spots, lesions and blight symptoms have been observed on onion leaves in several locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the crop is grown intensively. The type of symptoms indicated a possible infection with Botrytis squamosa, a widespread pathogen of onion. As symptoms of leaf spots and necrotic lesions can also be caused by some other biotic and abiotic factors, our research focused on identifying the causal agent of the observed symptoms. The pathogen was isolated from diseased tissue using standard phytopathological procedure and identified based on pathogenic and morphological features. Identification was confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The influence of temperature and growth medium on mycelial growth rate of the isolates was also studied.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Lukovic, I. Potocnik, E. Rekanović, S. Milijasevic-Marcic, B. Todorovic, M. Kostić, Z. Radulović
Twenty-two essential oil samples from Germany and Albania were assayed to test their inhibitory and fungicidal activity against Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr., the major causal agent of chestnut blight on chestnut trees, using the fumigant macrodilution method. Test concentrations of the oils in air phase were: 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16 and 0.32 ?l ml-1, and minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations were determined. The strongest activity was shown by two samples of mint oil from Germany and Albania, and black pine at the concentration of 0.02 ?l ml-1 of air for both test isolates (M1 and 4S). The tested plant essential oils also included: eucalyptus, sage, silver fir and cade. Only three samples of EOs (mint (2) and black pine) were lethal to both isolates. Sage and silver fir oils were more toxic to the M1 isolate, while cade and eucalyptus oils were more toxic to the 4S isolate. Fifteen oils: mint (2), black pine, cade, eucalyptus, silver fir, sage, pine (4), oregano, lavender, and rosemary (2), inhibited the growth of Cryphonectria parasitica, and seven oils (two samples of mint, eucaliptus, black pine, sage, silver fir and cade) showed fungicidal effects on the pathogen.
对德国和阿尔巴尼亚的22份精油样品进行了抑菌和杀真菌活性研究。巴尔。板栗疫病的主要致病因子，采用大量稀释熏蒸法。油在气相中的测试浓度分别为:0.02、0.04、0.08、0.16和0.32 μ l ml-1，并确定了最低抑菌和杀真菌浓度。德国和阿尔巴尼亚的薄荷油样品和空气浓度为0.02 μ l ml-1的黑松样品(M1和4S)均表现出最强的活性。被测试的植物精油还包括:桉树、鼠尾草、银杉和凯德。只有3个EOs样品(薄荷(2)和黑松)对两个分离株都是致死的。鼠尾草和银杉精油对M1分离物的毒性更大，而桉叶和桉树精油对4S分离物的毒性更大。薄荷(2)、黑松、白桦、桉树、银杉、鼠尾草、松树(4)、牛至、薰衣草和迷迭香(2)等15种油类均能抑制该病原菌的生长，7种油类(薄荷、桉树、黑松、鼠尾草、银杉和白桦各2种)对该病原菌有杀真菌作用。
{"title":"Toxicity of plant essential oils to Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) barr, the causal agent of chestnut blight","authors":"J. Lukovic, I. Potocnik, E. Rekanović, S. Milijasevic-Marcic, B. Todorovic, M. Kostić, Z. Radulović","doi":"10.2298/pif1902089l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1902089l","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-two essential oil samples from Germany and Albania were assayed to test their inhibitory and fungicidal activity against Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr., the major causal agent of chestnut blight on chestnut trees, using the fumigant macrodilution method. Test concentrations of the oils in air phase were: 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16 and 0.32 ?l ml-1, and minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations were determined. The strongest activity was shown by two samples of mint oil from Germany and Albania, and black pine at the concentration of 0.02 ?l ml-1 of air for both test isolates (M1 and 4S). The tested plant essential oils also included: eucalyptus, sage, silver fir and cade. Only three samples of EOs (mint (2) and black pine) were lethal to both isolates. Sage and silver fir oils were more toxic to the M1 isolate, while cade and eucalyptus oils were more toxic to the 4S isolate. Fifteen oils: mint (2), black pine, cade, eucalyptus, silver fir, sage, pine (4), oregano, lavender, and rosemary (2), inhibited the growth of Cryphonectria parasitica, and seven oils (two samples of mint, eucaliptus, black pine, sage, silver fir and cade) showed fungicidal effects on the pathogen.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sonja Tančić-Živanov, M. Lalošević, R. Jevtić, F. Franeta, Z. Milovac, D. Stanisavljevic, B. Purar
The European corn borer (ECB) Ostrinia nubilalis and Fusarium ear rot Fusarium spp. pose a continuous threat to maize production worldwide. There are several reports indicating that ECB damage to maize ears promotes Fusarium ear rot infection. The aim of this study was to monitor the influence of different insecticide treatments (a.i. chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, and chlorantraniliprole+lambda-cyhalothrin) on the ECB and fungal diversity on maize kernels in the field in a four-year trial (2013-2016). A total of 16 different fungal genera were isolated from maize kernels, and Fusarium species were confirmed to be the dominant pathogens, present in all treatments, throughout the four years of experiments. The incidence of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. was established to be low. Apart from Fusarium species, the most frequent genera were: Aspergillus spp., Mortierella spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp., Acremonium spp. and Rhizopus spp. Treatments with chlorantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole+lambda-cyhalothrin showed higher efficacy, though not statistically significant, compared to indoxacarb, in reducing the number of ECB larvae and damage they cause. However, no direct effect on the number of isolated fungal genera has been observed in any of the three insecticide treatments.
{"title":"Fungal biodiversity on maize kernels in an insecticide evaluation trial","authors":"Sonja Tančić-Živanov, M. Lalošević, R. Jevtić, F. Franeta, Z. Milovac, D. Stanisavljevic, B. Purar","doi":"10.2298/pif1901031t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1901031t","url":null,"abstract":"The European corn borer (ECB) Ostrinia nubilalis and Fusarium ear rot Fusarium spp. pose a continuous threat to maize production worldwide. There are several reports indicating that ECB damage to maize ears promotes Fusarium ear rot infection. The aim of this study was to monitor the influence of different insecticide treatments (a.i. chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, and chlorantraniliprole+lambda-cyhalothrin) on the ECB and fungal diversity on maize kernels in the field in a four-year trial (2013-2016). A total of 16 different fungal genera were isolated from maize kernels, and Fusarium species were confirmed to be the dominant pathogens, present in all treatments, throughout the four years of experiments. The incidence of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. was established to be low. Apart from Fusarium species, the most frequent genera were: Aspergillus spp., Mortierella spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp., Acremonium spp. and Rhizopus spp. Treatments with chlorantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole+lambda-cyhalothrin showed higher efficacy, though not statistically significant, compared to indoxacarb, in reducing the number of ECB larvae and damage they cause. However, no direct effect on the number of isolated fungal genera has been observed in any of the three insecticide treatments.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Lukovic, B. Todorovic, S. Milijasevic-Marcic, E. Rekanović, M. Kostić, Rada Djurovic-Pejcev, I. Potocnik
Biofungicides based on plant oils have some advantages compared to chemical fungicides, especially considering their harmful effect on the environment. Twenty-two essential oils from Germany and Albania were assayed for inhibitory and fungicidal activity against Verticillium dahliae Klebahn, the causal agent of Verticillium wilt of pepper, using the macrodilution fumigant method. The concentrations of oils obtained in the vapour phase were: 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16 and 0.32 ?l ml-1 with determined minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations. The strongest activity was shown by two samples of mint oil (Mentha piperita L.) at 0.02 ?l ml-1 of air, both from Germany and Albania, followed by plant essential oils of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labilardie), black pine (Pinus nigra L.) and cade (Juniperus oxycedrus L.), and all of them were lethal to the pathogen. Nine oils: two samples of mint, cade, eucalyptus, black pine, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) inhibited the growth of Verticillium dahliae, while five oils (two samples of mint, eucalyptus, black pine and cade) showed fungicidal effects on the pathogen. These results showed that mint, eucalyptus, black pine and cade essential oils have a potential for further in vivo experiments against Verticillium dahliae.
基于植物油的生物杀菌剂与化学杀菌剂相比具有一些优势，特别是考虑到它们对环境的有害影响。采用大量稀释熏蒸法，对德国和阿尔巴尼亚产的22种精油对辣椒黄萎病病原菌大丽花黄萎病菌的抑菌活性进行了研究。在气相中得到的油的浓度分别为:0.02、0.04、0.08、0.16和0.32 μ l ml-1，并确定了最低抑菌和杀真菌浓度。两份来自德国和阿尔巴尼亚的薄荷油(Mentha piperita l .)在0.02 μ l ml-1的空气中表现出最强的活性，其次是桉树(eucalyptus globulus Labilardie)、黑松(Pinus nigra l .)和杜松(Juniperus oxycedrus l .)植物精油，均对病原菌具有致死性。薄荷、桉树、黑松、薰衣草(Lavandula angustifolia Mill.)、鼠尾草(Salvia officinalis L.)和迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.) 9种精油对大丽花黄萎病菌的生长有抑制作用，薄荷、桉树、黑松和黑松2种精油对大丽花黄萎病菌有杀真菌作用。结果表明，薄荷精油、桉树精油、黑松精油和栀子精油具有进一步抗黄萎病体内实验的潜力。
{"title":"Antifungal activity of plant essential oils against Verticillium dahliae Klebahn, the causal agent of verticillium wilt of pepper","authors":"J. Lukovic, B. Todorovic, S. Milijasevic-Marcic, E. Rekanović, M. Kostić, Rada Djurovic-Pejcev, I. Potocnik","doi":"10.2298/PIF1901039L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1901039L","url":null,"abstract":"Biofungicides based on plant oils have some advantages compared to chemical fungicides, especially considering their harmful effect on the environment. Twenty-two essential oils from Germany and Albania were assayed for inhibitory and fungicidal activity against Verticillium dahliae Klebahn, the causal agent of Verticillium wilt of pepper, using the macrodilution fumigant method. The concentrations of oils obtained in the vapour phase were: 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16 and 0.32 ?l ml-1 with determined minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations. The strongest activity was shown by two samples of mint oil (Mentha piperita L.) at 0.02 ?l ml-1 of air, both from Germany and Albania, followed by plant essential oils of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labilardie), black pine (Pinus nigra L.) and cade (Juniperus oxycedrus L.), and all of them were lethal to the pathogen. Nine oils: two samples of mint, cade, eucalyptus, black pine, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) inhibited the growth of Verticillium dahliae, while five oils (two samples of mint, eucalyptus, black pine and cade) showed fungicidal effects on the pathogen. These results showed that mint, eucalyptus, black pine and cade essential oils have a potential for further in vivo experiments against Verticillium dahliae.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Radivojević, M. Sarić-Krsmanović, J. Gajić-Umiljendić, L. Santric
Abutilon theophrasti Medik, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Datura stramonium L. and Xanthium strumarium L. are four well-known invasive weed species that are widespread in many crops. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effects of decomposition products of these four invasive weeds on seed germination and early seedling growth of tomato. The results of the study showed that decomposition products obtained from A. theophrasti, A. artemisiifolia, D. stramonium and X. strumarium had different allelopathic impacts on germination and seedling growth of tomato. The degree of inhibition or stimulation depended on weed species and type of decomposition product. Root decomposition products of all species except X. strumarium decreased the early growth of tomato (2-37%). X. strumarium had only stimulating effect on early growth of tomato (1-86%). Also, the results showed that leaves of the other three invasive weed species had stimulating effects on early growth of tomato (1-53%). Hence, the allelopathic potential of X. strumarium, as well as the leaf decomposition products of the other three invasive weed species could be used to develop an appropriate technology to improve tomato production.
{"title":"Allelopathic effects of invasive weed species Abutilon theophrasti Medik., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Datura stramonium L. and Xanthium strumarium L. on tomato","authors":"L. Radivojević, M. Sarić-Krsmanović, J. Gajić-Umiljendić, L. Santric","doi":"10.2298/pif1904183r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1904183r","url":null,"abstract":"Abutilon theophrasti Medik, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Datura stramonium L. and Xanthium strumarium L. are four well-known invasive weed species that are widespread in many crops. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effects of decomposition products of these four invasive weeds on seed germination and early seedling growth of tomato. The results of the study showed that decomposition products obtained from A. theophrasti, A. artemisiifolia, D. stramonium and X. strumarium had different allelopathic impacts on germination and seedling growth of tomato. The degree of inhibition or stimulation depended on weed species and type of decomposition product. Root decomposition products of all species except X. strumarium decreased the early growth of tomato (2-37%). X. strumarium had only stimulating effect on early growth of tomato (1-86%). Also, the results showed that leaves of the other three invasive weed species had stimulating effects on early growth of tomato (1-53%). Hence, the allelopathic potential of X. strumarium, as well as the leaf decomposition products of the other three invasive weed species could be used to develop an appropriate technology to improve tomato production.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68625105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tanja Drobnjaković, D. Marčić, I. Potocnik, E. Rekanović, M. Prijovic, S. Milijasevic-Marcic, M. Stepanović
The impact of a bioinsecticide based on azadirachtin (Ozoneem trishul 1 %) on the abudance of mushroom flies (Sciaridae: Diptera) was compared to the effect of a commercial formulation of the malathion-based chemical insecticide Etiol tecni. Experiments were conducted in three growing chambers (B6, B7 and B8) of a commercial mushrom farm ?Delta Danube? d.o.o., Kovin. Casing treatments were performed in eight replications in a random block design. The azadirachtin-based bioinsecticide was applied in chamber B8 four times (0.5 ml/m2): during casing and later at seven-day intervals. The standard chemical insecticide based on malathion was applied in chambers B6 and B7 twice (2 x 0.3 ml/m2), on the third and sixth day after casing. In all three chambers, the abudance of mushroom flies was monitored by using yellow sticky traps, which were collected weekly and replaced with new ones four times at seven days intervals. The yellow sticky traps were examined in the laboratory under a binocular microscope to determine the presence and density of mushroom flies. Only one species of mushroom fly, Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour), was found on the yellow sticky traps throughout the experimental period. The average number of sciarid flies per mushroom block 15 and 22 days after treatment (DAT) was significantly lower in the test chamber B8 than in chambers B7 and B6, while there was no significant difference 30 and 36 DAT, compared to the control chamber B6. The average number of sciarid flies per mushroom row throughout the experiment was significantly lower in the test chamber B8 than in chambers B6 and B7. The results of our study suggest that the azadirachtin-based bioinsecticide can suppress populations of the mushroom fly L. ingenua and may provide a good alternative to conventional chemical insecticide.
{"title":"Control of mushroom sciarid fly Lycoriella inguena (Dufour) with an azadirachtin-based insecticide","authors":"Tanja Drobnjaković, D. Marčić, I. Potocnik, E. Rekanović, M. Prijovic, S. Milijasevic-Marcic, M. Stepanović","doi":"10.2298/pif1902111d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1902111d","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of a bioinsecticide based on azadirachtin (Ozoneem trishul 1 %) on the abudance of mushroom flies (Sciaridae: Diptera) was compared to the effect of a commercial formulation of the malathion-based chemical insecticide Etiol tecni. Experiments were conducted in three growing chambers (B6, B7 and B8) of a commercial mushrom farm ?Delta Danube? d.o.o., Kovin. Casing treatments were performed in eight replications in a random block design. The azadirachtin-based bioinsecticide was applied in chamber B8 four times (0.5 ml/m2): during casing and later at seven-day intervals. The standard chemical insecticide based on malathion was applied in chambers B6 and B7 twice (2 x 0.3 ml/m2), on the third and sixth day after casing. In all three chambers, the abudance of mushroom flies was monitored by using yellow sticky traps, which were collected weekly and replaced with new ones four times at seven days intervals. The yellow sticky traps were examined in the laboratory under a binocular microscope to determine the presence and density of mushroom flies. Only one species of mushroom fly, Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour), was found on the yellow sticky traps throughout the experimental period. The average number of sciarid flies per mushroom block 15 and 22 days after treatment (DAT) was significantly lower in the test chamber B8 than in chambers B7 and B6, while there was no significant difference 30 and 36 DAT, compared to the control chamber B6. The average number of sciarid flies per mushroom row throughout the experiment was significantly lower in the test chamber B8 than in chambers B6 and B7. The results of our study suggest that the azadirachtin-based bioinsecticide can suppress populations of the mushroom fly L. ingenua and may provide a good alternative to conventional chemical insecticide.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The causal agent of soft rot disease associated with a cabbage outbreak in Semberija region, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2018 was identified and characterized. Symptoms appeared in the form of water-soaked lesions on leaves and specific odour. Disease incidence ranged from 20% to 30%. The causal pathogen was isolated on nutrient agar (NA), King?s B and crystal violet pectate (CVP) media. Eight creamy-white, round and convex bacterial isolates, which produced characteristic pits on CVP medium were taken as representative. They were gram negative, facultative anaerobe, oxidase negative, catalase positive, nonfluorescent on King?s B medium, levan and arginine dehydrolase negative. The isolates were able to cause soft rot on cabbage and potato tuber slices 24 h after inoculation under conditions of high relative humidity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for preliminary identification by using three specific primer sets: F0145/E2477 (specific for Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum), Br1f/L1r (specific for P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis) and ECA1f/ECA2r (specific for P. atrosepticum). All isolates produced the band size of 666 bp with F0145/E2477 primer pair, indicating that they belong to the species P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Further genetic characterization was based on sequence analysis of the gapA and mdh housekeeping genes. BLAST analysis confirmed 99.39% (Q. cover 100%, E. value 0.0) and 100% (Q. cover 100%, E. value 0.0) identity of the isolates with P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strains deposited in the NCBI database as M34 (KY047594) for gapA and Pcc t0437 (KC337296) for mdh genes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed genetic homogeneity among the cabbage isolates.
对2018年波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那Semberija地区卷心菜暴发相关的软腐病病原进行了鉴定和鉴定。症状表现为叶子上被水浸透的病变和特殊气味。发病率从20%到30%不等。在营养琼脂(NA)上分离病原菌，King?s B和结晶紫果胶(CVP)介质。以8株乳白色、圆形和凸形的分离菌为代表，在CVP培养基上产生特征坑。革兰氏阴性，兼性厌氧菌，氧化酶阴性，过氧化氢酶阳性，金?s B培养基，levan和精氨酸脱氢酶阴性。在较高的相对湿度条件下，接种24 h后可对白菜和马铃薯块茎片造成软腐病。采用三组特异性引物F0145/E2477 (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp特异性引物)进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)初步鉴定。cartovorum)， Br1f/L1r(特异于p.a rotovorum亚种)。brasiliensis)和ECA1f/ECA2r (P. atrosepticum特异性)。F0145/E2477引物对的条带大小均为666 bp，表明该菌株属于胡萝卜芽孢杆菌亚种。carotovorum。进一步的遗传特征是基于gapA和mdh管家基因的序列分析。BLAST分析证实，分离株与胡萝卜假单胞菌亚种的同源性分别为99.39% (q - cover 100%， e - value 0.0)和100% (q - cover 100%， e - value 0.0)。在NCBI数据库中，cartovorum菌株的gapA基因为M34 (KY047594)， mdh基因为Pcc t0437 (KC337296)。系统发育分析表明，各分离株遗传同源性较好。
{"title":"Characterization of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum isolates from a recent outbreak on cabbage in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"T. Popović, A. Jelušić, S. Markovic, R. Iličić","doi":"10.2298/pif1904211p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1904211p","url":null,"abstract":"The causal agent of soft rot disease associated with a cabbage outbreak in Semberija region, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2018 was identified and characterized. Symptoms appeared in the form of water-soaked lesions on leaves and specific odour. Disease incidence ranged from 20% to 30%. The causal pathogen was isolated on nutrient agar (NA), King?s B and crystal violet pectate (CVP) media. Eight creamy-white, round and convex bacterial isolates, which produced characteristic pits on CVP medium were taken as representative. They were gram negative, facultative anaerobe, oxidase negative, catalase positive, nonfluorescent on King?s B medium, levan and arginine dehydrolase negative. The isolates were able to cause soft rot on cabbage and potato tuber slices 24 h after inoculation under conditions of high relative humidity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for preliminary identification by using three specific primer sets: F0145/E2477 (specific for Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum), Br1f/L1r (specific for P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis) and ECA1f/ECA2r (specific for P. atrosepticum). All isolates produced the band size of 666 bp with F0145/E2477 primer pair, indicating that they belong to the species P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Further genetic characterization was based on sequence analysis of the gapA and mdh housekeeping genes. BLAST analysis confirmed 99.39% (Q. cover 100%, E. value 0.0) and 100% (Q. cover 100%, E. value 0.0) identity of the isolates with P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strains deposited in the NCBI database as M34 (KY047594) for gapA and Pcc t0437 (KC337296) for mdh genes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed genetic homogeneity among the cabbage isolates.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Nikolić, H. Waisi, Sanja Djurovic, M. Dugalic, V. Jovanović
We surveyed different aspects of the application of agrochemicals (pesticides and foliar non-standard fertilizers) on the nutritive value and other non-yield characteristics of crop plants. The survey was based on results of our own trials and studies conducted by other researchers. Various parameters of plant and seedling growth, and yield, were analyzed, as well as the chemical composition, and energetic and thermodynamic parameters of plants in order to better assess the impact of these agrochemicals on crops. The application of various agrochemicals has been found to affect the germination of seeds produced by treated plants. The most significant and most diverse results have been obtained by analyzing the yield and yield components of many different crops (field crops, fruits, vegetables), as well as their chemical composition (mineral elements, different sugars, secondary metabolites, etc.) in terms of improving their nutritive quality. It was found that in maize seedlings it occurs by changing the content of various elements, as well as polyphenol profiles and thermodynamic parameters, and the effects did not only depend on the dosage of agrochemicals but also on maize genotype. We also found that agrochemicals affected the energetic and thermodynamic parameters of individual maize plants, as well as the parameters of plant growth and yield. It was noticed that these agrochemicals greatly affected the content of microelements, starch and crude proteins in maize and barley, sugar and polyphenol contents in various fruit trees and soybean. We noted that in certain agroecological situations these agrochemicals have led to spectacular magnification of yields of different crops, but there were also situations when they did not have any positive effect on crop yield, which is discussed also in the context of results of other researchers.
{"title":"Some aspects of application of pesticides and fertilizers on nutritive value and other characteristics of crop plants","authors":"B. Nikolić, H. Waisi, Sanja Djurovic, M. Dugalic, V. Jovanović","doi":"10.2298/pif1904145n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1904145n","url":null,"abstract":"We surveyed different aspects of the application of agrochemicals (pesticides and foliar non-standard fertilizers) on the nutritive value and other non-yield characteristics of crop plants. The survey was based on results of our own trials and studies conducted by other researchers. Various parameters of plant and seedling growth, and yield, were analyzed, as well as the chemical composition, and energetic and thermodynamic parameters of plants in order to better assess the impact of these agrochemicals on crops. The application of various agrochemicals has been found to affect the germination of seeds produced by treated plants. The most significant and most diverse results have been obtained by analyzing the yield and yield components of many different crops (field crops, fruits, vegetables), as well as their chemical composition (mineral elements, different sugars, secondary metabolites, etc.) in terms of improving their nutritive quality. It was found that in maize seedlings it occurs by changing the content of various elements, as well as polyphenol profiles and thermodynamic parameters, and the effects did not only depend on the dosage of agrochemicals but also on maize genotype. We also found that agrochemicals affected the energetic and thermodynamic parameters of individual maize plants, as well as the parameters of plant growth and yield. It was noticed that these agrochemicals greatly affected the content of microelements, starch and crude proteins in maize and barley, sugar and polyphenol contents in various fruit trees and soybean. We noted that in certain agroecological situations these agrochemicals have led to spectacular magnification of yields of different crops, but there were also situations when they did not have any positive effect on crop yield, which is discussed also in the context of results of other researchers.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tomašević, D. Mijin, A. Marinković, Ilija N. Cvijetić, S. Gašić
Photocatalytic degradation of a model compound of the carbamate insecticide carbofuran in water was studied using polychromatic light and ZnO and TiO2 catalysts. The influence of operational parameters, such as reaction time and initial carbofuran concentration, on photocatalytic degradation was studied. A pseudo-first-order kinetic model was established and an almost complete removal of 88.4 mg L-1 of carbofuran occurred within 2 h under optimized conditions. The reactions were examined by UV spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the photocatalytic efficiencies of ZnO and TiO2 were compared under the same reaction conditions.
{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation of carbamate insecticides: Effect of different parameters","authors":"A. Tomašević, D. Mijin, A. Marinković, Ilija N. Cvijetić, S. Gašić","doi":"10.2298/pif1904193t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1904193t","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalytic degradation of a model compound of the carbamate insecticide carbofuran in water was studied using polychromatic light and ZnO and TiO2 catalysts. The influence of operational parameters, such as reaction time and initial carbofuran concentration, on photocatalytic degradation was studied. A pseudo-first-order kinetic model was established and an almost complete removal of 88.4 mg L-1 of carbofuran occurred within 2 h under optimized conditions. The reactions were examined by UV spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the photocatalytic efficiencies of ZnO and TiO2 were compared under the same reaction conditions.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68625133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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