Sublethal effects of a pymetrozine-based product (commercial product Chess 50 WP) on life history traits and population growth of one commercialized strain (?Dutch? strain) and two local populations (Bujanovac and Negotin) of the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were evaluated in laboratory bioassays. All trials were carried out at 27?1?C temperature and under 60?10 % relative humidity and 16/8 h daylight/darkness photoperiod in four replications. Longevity of wasps exposed for 48 h to residues of the pymetrozine insecticide (LC50, 280 mg a.i./l) was shorter (by 2.7-3 days) than that of control wasps. Total parasitism of Negotin wasps was significantly reduced (by 8.2 %), as well as total parasitism and adult emergence of the Dutch strain (by 7.3 and 8.2 %, respectively), compared to control wasps. The instantaneous rate of increase (ri) of surviving adult wasps was also significantly reduced (by 6.6, 6.3 and 7.6 % in populations Negotin, Bujanovac and Dutch strain, respectively). Direct treatment of wasps at their pupal stage (LC50, 300 mg a.i./l) reduced total parasitism of Negotin wasps (by 8 %), and reduced ri levels, but the reduction was significant only for the Bujanovac (by 6.7 %) and Negotin (by 4.6 %) populations. Juvenile development of the parasitoid in treated pupae was significantly extended (by 0.3-1.1 days), compared to control wasps. The implications of these results on integrated control of the greenhouse whitefly are discussed.
{"title":"Acute toxity and sublethal effects of pymetrozine on the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan","authors":"Tanja Drobnjaković, D. Marčić","doi":"10.2298/pif2002081d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2002081d","url":null,"abstract":"Sublethal effects of a pymetrozine-based product (commercial product Chess 50 WP) on life history traits and population growth of one commercialized strain (?Dutch? strain) and two local populations (Bujanovac and Negotin) of the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were evaluated in laboratory bioassays. All trials were carried out at 27?1?C temperature and under 60?10 % relative humidity and 16/8 h daylight/darkness photoperiod in four replications. Longevity of wasps exposed for 48 h to residues of the pymetrozine insecticide (LC50, 280 mg a.i./l) was shorter (by 2.7-3 days) than that of control wasps. Total parasitism of Negotin wasps was significantly reduced (by 8.2 %), as well as total parasitism and adult emergence of the Dutch strain (by 7.3 and 8.2 %, respectively), compared to control wasps. The instantaneous rate of increase (ri) of surviving adult wasps was also significantly reduced (by 6.6, 6.3 and 7.6 % in populations Negotin, Bujanovac and Dutch strain, respectively). Direct treatment of wasps at their pupal stage (LC50, 300 mg a.i./l) reduced total parasitism of Negotin wasps (by 8 %), and reduced ri levels, but the reduction was significant only for the Bujanovac (by 6.7 %) and Negotin (by 4.6 %) populations. Juvenile development of the parasitoid in treated pupae was significantly extended (by 0.3-1.1 days), compared to control wasps. The implications of these results on integrated control of the greenhouse whitefly are discussed.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68626230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During a 2019 survey of the Auchenorrhyncha fauna in Serbia, three alien species were recorded for the first time: a leafhopper species of Asian origin Orientus ishidae (Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) and two North American species, Acanalonia conica (Acanaloniidae) and Erasmoneura vulnerata (Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae). Besides these first findings, the presence of the leafhopper Phlogotettix cyclops (Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) was confirmed in Serbia after its initial record more than a century ago. Other allochthonous species already known to be present in local entomofauna were also found: Japananus hyalinus (Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae), Scaphoideus titanus (Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), Stictocephala bisonia (Membracidae) and Metcalfa pruinosa (Flatidae). The newly detected Auchenorrhyncha species in Serbia, O. ishidae, A. conica and E. vulnerata, as well as Ph. cyclops, are recognized as either tentative or true grapevine pests in Europe that cause physical damage or induce phytoplasma-borne diseases. Our findings reveal a potential phytosanitary risk that can emerge in Serbian vineyards in upcoming years and support refocused research of Auchenorrhyncha diversity in natural habitats, rather than in agroecosystems and their immediate surroundings.
在2019年对塞尔维亚Auchenorrhyncha动物群的调查中，首次记录到三种外来物种:一种来自亚洲的叶飞虱科(蝉科，Deltocephalinae)和两种来自北美的叶飞虱(Acanalonia conica，蝉科，typhloybinae)。除了这些最初的发现之外，在一个多世纪前的最初记录之后，塞尔维亚确认了Phlogotettix cyclops(蝉科，三角头虫科)的存在。还发现了其他已知存在于当地昆虫动物中的外来物种:日本透明虫(蝉科，三角头虫科)、泰坦棘头虫(蝉科，斑马鱼科)、刺头虫(膜虫科)和pruinosa Metcalfa (Flatidae)。在塞尔维亚新发现的Auchenorrhyncha种，O. ishidae, A. conica和E.脆弱性，以及Ph. cyclops，在欧洲被认为是暂时性或真正的葡萄害虫，造成物理损害或诱发植物浆体传播疾病。我们的研究结果揭示了未来几年塞尔维亚葡萄园可能出现的潜在植物检疫风险，并支持重新关注自然栖息地的Auchenorrhyncha多样性研究，而不是农业生态系统及其直接环境。
{"title":"New records and updates on alien Auchenorrhyncha species in Serbia","authors":"Marko Šćiban, A. Kosovac","doi":"10.2298/pif2001009s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2001009s","url":null,"abstract":"During a 2019 survey of the Auchenorrhyncha fauna in Serbia, three alien species were recorded for the first time: a leafhopper species of Asian origin Orientus ishidae (Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) and two North American species, Acanalonia conica (Acanaloniidae) and Erasmoneura vulnerata (Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae). Besides these first findings, the presence of the leafhopper Phlogotettix cyclops (Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) was confirmed in Serbia after its initial record more than a century ago. Other allochthonous species already known to be present in local entomofauna were also found: Japananus hyalinus (Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae), Scaphoideus titanus (Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), Stictocephala bisonia (Membracidae) and Metcalfa pruinosa (Flatidae). The newly detected Auchenorrhyncha species in Serbia, O. ishidae, A. conica and E. vulnerata, as well as Ph. cyclops, are recognized as either tentative or true grapevine pests in Europe that cause physical damage or induce phytoplasma-borne diseases. Our findings reveal a potential phytosanitary risk that can emerge in Serbian vineyards in upcoming years and support refocused research of Auchenorrhyncha diversity in natural habitats, rather than in agroecosystems and their immediate surroundings.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genotoxic effects of pesticides are of great concern for public health due to the fact that they are widely used for both domestic and industrial purposes. Temephos is a member of organophosphorus pesticides, which is the most widely used group of chemicals against both agricultural and domestic insects. We therefore aimed in the present study to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of temephos on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) and sister chromatid exchange assays. The results showed that micronucleus (MN) frequency increased at concentrations of 50 and 75 μg/ml although it was not found statically significant (p>0.05). We found that sister chromatid exchange (SCE) values at concentrations of 50 and 75 μg/ ml were significantly higher than those obtained for the control (p<0.01). We also analyzed associations between temephos exposure and mitotic index (MI), proliferation index (PI), and cell blocked proliferation index (CBPI). There was no significant change in these values at the tested concentrations (p>0.05). It can be concluded that temephos was not cytotoxic at concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 μg/ml. However, it may have a genotoxic potential in human peripheral lymphocytes.
{"title":"Assessment of the genotoxic potential of temephos","authors":"Hayal Cobanoglu, A. Çayır","doi":"10.2298/PIF2003183C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF2003183C","url":null,"abstract":"Genotoxic effects of pesticides are of great concern for public health due to the fact that they are widely used for both domestic and industrial purposes. Temephos is a member of organophosphorus pesticides, which is the most widely used group of chemicals against both agricultural and domestic insects. We therefore aimed in the present study to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of temephos on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) and sister chromatid exchange assays. The results showed that micronucleus (MN) frequency increased at concentrations of 50 and 75 μg/ml although it was not found statically significant (p>0.05). We found that sister chromatid exchange (SCE) values at concentrations of 50 and 75 μg/ ml were significantly higher than those obtained for the control (p<0.01). We also analyzed associations between temephos exposure and mitotic index (MI), proliferation index (PI), and cell blocked proliferation index (CBPI). There was no significant change in these values at the tested concentrations (p>0.05). It can be concluded that temephos was not cytotoxic at concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 μg/ml. However, it may have a genotoxic potential in human peripheral lymphocytes.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"35 1","pages":"183-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68626658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experiments were conducted in the Maize Research Institute (MRI), Zemun Polje, Belgrade, in order to examine how economically driven continuous cropping of maize influences weed infestation, especially the distribution and abundance of Jonhsongrass, as well as maize productivity. The maize hybrid ZP 606 was grown in continuous cropping from 2009 to 2018 at a density of 59,500 plants ha. The experimental field was split into a part treated with the pre-emergence herbicide isoxaflutole + metolachlor (750 + 960 g a.i.) and untreated control. The level of complete weed infestation was evaluated 4-5 weeks after herbicide application by determining the number of weed individuals per species (NI), total fresh biomass (TB) and total dry weight (TDW) of all weeds and Johnsongrass fresh biomass (JB) and dry weight (JDW). Maize harvest index (HI) and grain yield (GY) were determined at the end of each growing period.
在贝尔格莱德Zemun Polje玉米研究所(MRI)进行了实验，以研究经济驱动的玉米连作如何影响杂草的侵袭，特别是强松草的分布和丰度，以及玉米的生产力。2009年至2018年，玉米杂交品种zp606连续种植，密度为59,500株公顷。试验田分为出苗前除草剂异草氟唑+异甲草胺(750 + 960 g a.i)处理和未处理两部分。施用除草剂4 ~ 5周后，通过测定杂草个体数(NI)、所有杂草的总新鲜生物量(TB)和总干重(TDW)以及约翰逊草的新鲜生物量(JB)和干重(JDW)来评价杂草的完全侵染程度。在每个生育期结束时测定玉米收获指数(HI)和籽粒产量(GY)。
{"title":"Does continuous cropping of maize contribute to infestation with Johnsongrass (Sorghum alepense (L.) Pers.)?","authors":"M. Simić, V. Dragičević, M. Brankov, Milena Senk","doi":"10.2298/PIF2003161S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF2003161S","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were conducted in the Maize Research Institute (MRI), Zemun Polje, Belgrade, in order to examine how economically driven continuous cropping of maize influences weed infestation, especially the distribution and abundance of Jonhsongrass, as well as maize productivity. The maize hybrid ZP 606 was grown in continuous cropping from 2009 to 2018 at a density of 59,500 plants ha. The experimental field was split into a part treated with the pre-emergence herbicide isoxaflutole + metolachlor (750 + 960 g a.i.) and untreated control. The level of complete weed infestation was evaluated 4-5 weeks after herbicide application by determining the number of weed individuals per species (NI), total fresh biomass (TB) and total dry weight (TDW) of all weeds and Johnsongrass fresh biomass (JB) and dry weight (JDW). Maize harvest index (HI) and grain yield (GY) were determined at the end of each growing period.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"35 1","pages":"161-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68626332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genotoxic potential of the plant protection product Signum? and its two active substances (pyraclostrobin and boscalid) was investigated by the comet assay (pH>13). Leukocytes isolated from whole blood were treated with different concentrations (0.1-25 ?g/ml) of the fungicide for 2 h and 20 h. The Trypan Blue exclusion test showed higher cell viability (>84%) under all three concentrations and in the two treatment periods. The obtained results revealed that both Signum? and pyraclostrobin induced statistically significant DNA damage. In contrast, boscalid did not cause statistically significant DNA damage after 2 h exposure although it caused DNA damage at higher concentrations after a longer time exposure (20 h). It is deducible that pyraclostrobin and Signum? might be genotoxic. However, within the studied concentration ranges, none of the fungicides was found to be cytotoxic in the two treatment periods.
{"title":"Assessment of genotoxic effects of a fungicide product and its active substances on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells","authors":"Hayal Cobanoglu, B. Çoşkun, A. Çayır","doi":"10.2298/PIF1901061C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1901061C","url":null,"abstract":"The genotoxic potential of the plant protection product Signum? and its two active substances (pyraclostrobin and boscalid) was investigated by the comet assay (pH>13). Leukocytes isolated from whole blood were treated with different concentrations (0.1-25 ?g/ml) of the fungicide for 2 h and 20 h. The Trypan Blue exclusion test showed higher cell viability (>84%) under all three concentrations and in the two treatment periods. The obtained results revealed that both Signum? and pyraclostrobin induced statistically significant DNA damage. In contrast, boscalid did not cause statistically significant DNA damage after 2 h exposure although it caused DNA damage at higher concentrations after a longer time exposure (20 h). It is deducible that pyraclostrobin and Signum? might be genotoxic. However, within the studied concentration ranges, none of the fungicides was found to be cytotoxic in the two treatment periods.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Rekanović, I. Potocnik, M. Stepanović, B. Todorovic, M. Mihajlović, S. Milijasevic-Marcic
The efficacy of a formulated product of tea tree oil (TTO) and a standard copper based bactericide in combinations with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) for control of bacterial spot of pepper and bacterial speck of tomato was evaluated under controlled conditions. Treatments with copper hydroxide+ASM at both application rates and TTO+ASM showed the best efficacy in control of bacterial spot disease in pepper plants (with respective efficacy values 83.5%, 83.7 % and 86.9%). Similar efficacy was achieved by treatment with copper hydroxide alone (82.2%). On the other hand, the efficacy of TTO, applied alone, was significantly lower at both rates (63.8% and 71.5%) in bacterial spot control in pepper. The same treatments (copper hydroxide +ASM at both application rates and TTO+ASM) were most efficient in suppressing the causal agent of bacterial speck disease in tomato (87%, 82.3% and 81.6%). The efficacy of treatment with the standard bactericide copper hydroxide, applied alone, was significantly lower compared to its combination with ASM (79.1%). Similarly to the bacterial spot experiment, TTO treatments alone showed lower, although satisfactory efficacy at both application rates (66.1% and 68.9%). The results of this study showed that combination of the bioactive compound - ASM with either the standard copper hydroxide bactericide or TTO significantly improved their efficacy in both bacterial spot and speck disease control, and thus implied that combining different biorational compounds, such as essential oils and bioactive products, with standard copper treatments and their inclusion into integrated management programs are of essential importance for the control of bacterial diseases of pepper and tomato.
在对照条件下，评价了茶树油与标准铜基杀菌剂与酸性苯甲酚- s -甲基(ASM)联合配制的产品对辣椒细菌性斑病和番茄细菌性斑病的防治效果。氢氧化铜+ASM处理和TTO+ASM处理对辣椒细菌性斑疹病的防治效果最好，分别为83.5%、83.7%和86.9%。单独用氢氧化铜治疗效果相似(82.2%)。另一方面，TTO单独施用对辣椒菌斑的防治效果(63.8%和71.5%)显著低于对照。同种处理(氢氧化铜+ASM和TTO+ASM)对番茄细菌性斑点病病原菌的抑制效果分别为87%、82.3%和81.6%。标准杀菌剂氢氧化铜单独使用的治疗效果明显低于与ASM联合使用的治疗效果(79.1%)。与细菌斑点试验相似，单独施用TTO的效果较低，但两种施用量(66.1%和68.9%)均令人满意。本研究结果表明，生物活性化合物- ASM与标准氢氧化铜杀菌剂或TTO联合使用可显著提高其对细菌性斑疹病和斑点病的控制效果，从而暗示不同生物活性化合物(如精油和生物活性产品)的联合使用，采用标准的铜处理方法并将其纳入综合管理方案，对辣椒和番茄细菌性病害的防治具有重要意义。
{"title":"Control of pepper bacterial spot and tomato bacterial speck using bactericides in combination with a plant activator","authors":"E. Rekanović, I. Potocnik, M. Stepanović, B. Todorovic, M. Mihajlović, S. Milijasevic-Marcic","doi":"10.2298/PIF1901047R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1901047R","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of a formulated product of tea tree oil (TTO) and a standard copper based bactericide in combinations with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) for control of bacterial spot of pepper and bacterial speck of tomato was evaluated under controlled conditions. Treatments with copper hydroxide+ASM at both application rates and TTO+ASM showed the best efficacy in control of bacterial spot disease in pepper plants (with respective efficacy values 83.5%, 83.7 % and 86.9%). Similar efficacy was achieved by treatment with copper hydroxide alone (82.2%). On the other hand, the efficacy of TTO, applied alone, was significantly lower at both rates (63.8% and 71.5%) in bacterial spot control in pepper. The same treatments (copper hydroxide +ASM at both application rates and TTO+ASM) were most efficient in suppressing the causal agent of bacterial speck disease in tomato (87%, 82.3% and 81.6%). The efficacy of treatment with the standard bactericide copper hydroxide, applied alone, was significantly lower compared to its combination with ASM (79.1%). Similarly to the bacterial spot experiment, TTO treatments alone showed lower, although satisfactory efficacy at both application rates (66.1% and 68.9%). The results of this study showed that combination of the bioactive compound - ASM with either the standard copper hydroxide bactericide or TTO significantly improved their efficacy in both bacterial spot and speck disease control, and thus implied that combining different biorational compounds, such as essential oils and bioactive products, with standard copper treatments and their inclusion into integrated management programs are of essential importance for the control of bacterial diseases of pepper and tomato.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pesticides play a very important role in reducing losses and maintaining quality in crop production. Although positive effects of pesticide use are undeniable, adverse effects are frequent. This has led to a comprehensive reevaluation of the benefits of pesticide use and potential adverse effects on human health and the environment before placing them on the market. The fact that pesticides are designed to be toxic and are deliberately introduced into the environment, makes them a very important and strictly regulated group of pollutants. The most commonly used group of pesticides are herbicides, and their detection in surface water bodies has been repeatedly reported. In spite of being designed to be toxic to target species, adverse effects on other inhabitants of aquatic environments have also been observed. In order to prevent negative environmental effects, the registration process for active substances and plant protection products involves predictive environmental risk assessments (ERA). Reliable assessment of long-term effects on non-target species, natural populations and ecosystems is a priority and ERA process is constantly being improved.
{"title":"Herbicides in surface water bodies - behaviour, effects on aquatic organisms and risk assessment","authors":"Marija Stevanović, S. Gašić","doi":"10.2298/pif1904157s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1904157s","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides play a very important role in reducing losses and maintaining quality in crop production. Although positive effects of pesticide use are undeniable, adverse effects are frequent. This has led to a comprehensive reevaluation of the benefits of pesticide use and potential adverse effects on human health and the environment before placing them on the market. The fact that pesticides are designed to be toxic and are deliberately introduced into the environment, makes them a very important and strictly regulated group of pollutants. The most commonly used group of pesticides are herbicides, and their detection in surface water bodies has been repeatedly reported. In spite of being designed to be toxic to target species, adverse effects on other inhabitants of aquatic environments have also been observed. In order to prevent negative environmental effects, the registration process for active substances and plant protection products involves predictive environmental risk assessments (ERA). Reliable assessment of long-term effects on non-target species, natural populations and ecosystems is a priority and ERA process is constantly being improved.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68625022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Field experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of nicosulfuron on biological production of weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Plants of this weed species were sown in plots sized 5x4.2 m with inter-row spacing of 24 cm, and 70 cm distance between rows. Plants with two pairs of developed leaves were treated with nicosulfuron using the next rates: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g a.i. ha-1. Vegetative parameters (plant height, fresh weight and leaf area) were recorded five times during vegetation, including the first measurement just before herbicide application and four measurements at intervals of about two weeks. Head and seed production (number of heads per plant, head weight, head diameter, weight of seeds per head, weight of seeds per plant, number of seeds per plant) were determined after seed maturity. The application of nicosulfuron caused growth reduction of weedy sunflower in comparison with the control. All application rates of this herbicide reduced vegetative (height, fresh weight, leaf area) and some generative (number of heads per plant, weight of seeds per plant, number of seeds per plant) parameters, which decreased with increasing rates of nicosulfuron. Effects on the remaining generative test parameters (head weight, head diameter, weight of seeds per head) were not analogous to the effects on other parameters.
通过田间试验，定量研究了硝磺隆对杂草向日葵生物生产的影响。种植面积为5 × 4.2 m，行距24 cm，行距70 cm。有两对发育叶片的植株分别用nico磺隆处理，用量分别为:0、10、20、40、60和80 g a.i. ha-1。在种植期间记录5次营养参数(株高、鲜重和叶面积)，包括施用除草剂前的第一次测量和每隔约两周的4次测量。在种子成熟后测定籽粒和种子产量(单株穗数、穗重、穗直径、单株种子重、单株种子重、单株种子数)。与对照相比，施用尼科磺隆对杂草向日葵的生长有抑制作用。该除草剂的所有施用量都降低了植株的营养参数(株高、鲜重、叶面积)和一些生殖参数(单株穗数、单株种子重、单株种子数)，这些参数随着尼科磺隆施用量的增加而降低。对其他生殖试验参数(穗重、穗直径、每穗种子重)的影响与对其他参数的影响不同。
{"title":"Effects of nicosulfuron on biological production of weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus)","authors":"D. Božić, M. Sarić-Krsmanović, S. Vrbničanin","doi":"10.2298/pif1904173b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1904173b","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of nicosulfuron on biological production of weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Plants of this weed species were sown in plots sized 5x4.2 m with inter-row spacing of 24 cm, and 70 cm distance between rows. Plants with two pairs of developed leaves were treated with nicosulfuron using the next rates: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g a.i. ha-1. Vegetative parameters (plant height, fresh weight and leaf area) were recorded five times during vegetation, including the first measurement just before herbicide application and four measurements at intervals of about two weeks. Head and seed production (number of heads per plant, head weight, head diameter, weight of seeds per head, weight of seeds per plant, number of seeds per plant) were determined after seed maturity. The application of nicosulfuron caused growth reduction of weedy sunflower in comparison with the control. All application rates of this herbicide reduced vegetative (height, fresh weight, leaf area) and some generative (number of heads per plant, weight of seeds per plant, number of seeds per plant) parameters, which decreased with increasing rates of nicosulfuron. Effects on the remaining generative test parameters (head weight, head diameter, weight of seeds per head) were not analogous to the effects on other parameters.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68625072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Potocnik, S. Milijasevic-Marcic, Olja Stanojevic, T. Berić, S. Stanković, L. Kredics, L. Hatvani
The study aimed to isolate potential biocontrol agents from mushroom substrate that could serve as an alternative to toxic chemicals commonly used for disease control in mushroom production. The antagonistic potential of ten native Bacillus subtilis strains against the causal agents of green mould disease of oyster mushroom, Trichoderma pleuroti and Trichoderma pleuroticola, was evaluated. The antagonistic potential of Bacillus spp. strains was quantified in vitro based on dual cultivation with the pathogen. Growth inhibition of T. pleuroti ranged from 54.44% to 62.22% and no significant differences in antagonistic activity were found between the tested B. subtilis strains. Inhibition of T. pleuroticola was slightly higher, ranging from 55.56% to 69.62% and B. subtilis strain B-358 induced the highest growth inhibition. This research confirmed mushroom substrate to be a good source of antagonistic microorganisms with potentials for use in biological control of green mould in oyster mushroom production.
{"title":"The activity of native Bacillus subtilis strains in control of green mould disease of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.)","authors":"I. Potocnik, S. Milijasevic-Marcic, Olja Stanojevic, T. Berić, S. Stanković, L. Kredics, L. Hatvani","doi":"10.2298/pif1902097p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1902097p","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to isolate potential biocontrol agents from mushroom substrate that could serve as an alternative to toxic chemicals commonly used for disease control in mushroom production. The antagonistic potential of ten native Bacillus subtilis strains against the causal agents of green mould disease of oyster mushroom, Trichoderma pleuroti and Trichoderma pleuroticola, was evaluated. The antagonistic potential of Bacillus spp. strains was quantified in vitro based on dual cultivation with the pathogen. Growth inhibition of T. pleuroti ranged from 54.44% to 62.22% and no significant differences in antagonistic activity were found between the tested B. subtilis strains. Inhibition of T. pleuroticola was slightly higher, ranging from 55.56% to 69.62% and B. subtilis strain B-358 induced the highest growth inhibition. This research confirmed mushroom substrate to be a good source of antagonistic microorganisms with potentials for use in biological control of green mould in oyster mushroom production.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Potocnik, E. Rekanović, B. Todorovic, J. Lukovic, D. Paunović, Olja Stanojevic, S. Milijasevic-Marcic
The impact of a biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 on mushroom yield and efficacy in suppression of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum T77 from Serbia was estimated in comparision with a similar microbial fungicide, Bacillus velezensis QST713, and the chemical fungicide prochloraz manganese. The biofungicide B. velezensis QST713 is registered for treatments of mushrooms and other crops in many countries but it is not currently available on the Serbian market. The tested B. subtilis Ch-13 fungicide enhanced mushroom yield 12%, compared with an uninoculated control, and notably more than B. velezensis QST713 applied at its higher test concentrations. Regarding the efficacy of the biofungicides in control of the compost pathogen T. aggressivum f. europaeum, B. subtilis Ch-13 applied in concentration of 3 ? 108 CFU per m2 showed higher efficacy than the higher concentrations (5 ? 109 and 1 ? 1010 CFU per m2) of B. velezensis QST713. The biofungicide based on B. subtilis Ch-13 should be further investigated regarding its different modes of application to ensure better efficacy in disease control as it showed beneficial features in both promoting A. bisporus production and suppressing the growth of the aggressive compost pathogen T. aggressivum, the causal agent of devastating green mould disease.
{"title":"The effects of casing soil treatment with bacillus subtilis Ch-13 biofungicide on green mould control and mushroom yield","authors":"I. Potocnik, E. Rekanović, B. Todorovic, J. Lukovic, D. Paunović, Olja Stanojevic, S. Milijasevic-Marcic","doi":"10.2298/PIF1901053P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1901053P","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of a biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 on mushroom yield and efficacy in suppression of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum T77 from Serbia was estimated in comparision with a similar microbial fungicide, Bacillus velezensis QST713, and the chemical fungicide prochloraz manganese. The biofungicide B. velezensis QST713 is registered for treatments of mushrooms and other crops in many countries but it is not currently available on the Serbian market. The tested B. subtilis Ch-13 fungicide enhanced mushroom yield 12%, compared with an uninoculated control, and notably more than B. velezensis QST713 applied at its higher test concentrations. Regarding the efficacy of the biofungicides in control of the compost pathogen T. aggressivum f. europaeum, B. subtilis Ch-13 applied in concentration of 3 ? 108 CFU per m2 showed higher efficacy than the higher concentrations (5 ? 109 and 1 ? 1010 CFU per m2) of B. velezensis QST713. The biofungicide based on B. subtilis Ch-13 should be further investigated regarding its different modes of application to ensure better efficacy in disease control as it showed beneficial features in both promoting A. bisporus production and suppressing the growth of the aggressive compost pathogen T. aggressivum, the causal agent of devastating green mould disease.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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