Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.29261/PAKVETJ/2021.002
Della Valle G
Traumatic lumbosacral joint dislocation (TLSJD) without L7 vertebral body fracture is a rare injury in dogs. This report describes clinical presentation, therapy and outcome in 3 dogs. Three crossbreed dogs with non-ambulatory paraparesis and lumbar pain were referred. Radiographs confirmed TLSJD and dorso-ventral displacement (DVD) was measured pre and postoperatively. Case 1 was treated by percutaneous transilial pinning. Cases 2 and 3 were treated by internal fixation with pins and PMMA. Within 72h after surgery all dogs were able to stand and walk, and faecal incontinence resolved. To the author’s knowledge this is the first description of a case series of TLSJD in the dog. The biomechanics of TLSJD in animals have not been investigated. It is likely that a single trauma severely hyper-extends L7-S1 causing disruption of the supra and inter-spinous ligaments with simultaneous shear and compression forces that cause ventral slipping of the sacrum. Pins and PMMA compared to percutaneous transilial pinning, provided more strength and stability. In conclusion, TLSJD requires appropriate surgical reduction and stabilization to allow fibrous healing of the L7-S1 junction, resulting in satisfactory neurological recovery
{"title":"Traumatic Lumbosacral Joint Dislocation in 3 Dogs: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, Treatment and Short-term Follow-up","authors":"Della Valle G","doi":"10.29261/PAKVETJ/2021.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29261/PAKVETJ/2021.002","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic lumbosacral joint dislocation (TLSJD) without L7 vertebral body fracture is a rare injury in dogs. This report describes clinical presentation, therapy and outcome in 3 dogs. Three crossbreed dogs with non-ambulatory paraparesis and lumbar pain were referred. Radiographs confirmed TLSJD and dorso-ventral displacement (DVD) was measured pre and postoperatively. Case 1 was treated by percutaneous transilial pinning. Cases 2 and 3 were treated by internal fixation with pins and PMMA. Within 72h after surgery all dogs were able to stand and walk, and faecal incontinence resolved. To the author’s knowledge this is the first description of a case series of TLSJD in the dog. The biomechanics of TLSJD in animals have not been investigated. It is likely that a single trauma severely hyper-extends L7-S1 causing disruption of the supra and inter-spinous ligaments with simultaneous shear and compression forces that cause ventral slipping of the sacrum. Pins and PMMA compared to percutaneous transilial pinning, provided more strength and stability. In conclusion, TLSJD requires appropriate surgical reduction and stabilization to allow fibrous healing of the L7-S1 junction, resulting in satisfactory neurological recovery","PeriodicalId":19845,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48805308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.29261/PAKVETJ/2020.075
E. Valdivia
Aflatoxins (AF) are potent mycotoxins with carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic potential. There is no agreement on the safe AF maximum residue levels established in different countries (5.0 to >20.0 μg/kg) to avoid feed toxicity in dairy cows and to protect the food chain. The objective was to establish a diagnosis of subclinical aflatoxicosis via changes in biochemical values during long-term exposure of AF low concentrations under field conditions. A cohort of 90 Holstein heifers were selected (395±10 kg/BW; 14-15 months) in a large dairy farm in the central Mexico highlands. Monthly samples of blood serum, feedstuffs, total mixed ration, and raw milk were obtained (26 months) and analyzed via spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Dairy diets were naturally contaminated with AF (8.1±5.2 µg/kg). No cow showed clinical disease, but significant changes in biochemistry values were associated to AF intake at levels >5.0 µg/kg, especially a serum concentrations decrease in albumin, total protein and reduced glutathione; furthermore, an increase in prothrombin time, and in specific activity of AF metabolizing enzymes (glutathione S-transferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase). Raw milk samples were naturally contaminated with AF in milk (AFM1; 43.1±24.0 ng/kg). A linear dose-response relationship between AF in feed and AFM1 concentrations was observed (AFM1=19.2+2.70(AF); P<0.01; R2 :62.1%). Moreover, reproductive failure and inter-pregnancy interval rates of cows exposed to higher AF concentrations (>10.0 µg/kg) were increased. These results suggested that in the long term, low amounts of AF exposure may lead to significant adverse effects consistent with subclinical aflatoxicosis.
{"title":"Diagnosis of Subclinical Aflatoxicosis by Biochemical Changes in Dairy Cows under Field Conditions","authors":"E. Valdivia","doi":"10.29261/PAKVETJ/2020.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29261/PAKVETJ/2020.075","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins (AF) are potent mycotoxins with carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic potential. There is no agreement on the safe AF maximum residue levels established in different countries (5.0 to >20.0 μg/kg) to avoid feed toxicity in dairy cows and to protect the food chain. The objective was to establish a diagnosis of subclinical aflatoxicosis via changes in biochemical values during long-term exposure of AF low concentrations under field conditions. A cohort of 90 Holstein heifers were selected (395±10 kg/BW; 14-15 months) in a large dairy farm in the central Mexico highlands. Monthly samples of blood serum, feedstuffs, total mixed ration, and raw milk were obtained (26 months) and analyzed via spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Dairy diets were naturally contaminated with AF (8.1±5.2 µg/kg). No cow showed clinical disease, but significant changes in biochemistry values were associated to AF intake at levels >5.0 µg/kg, especially a serum concentrations decrease in albumin, total protein and reduced glutathione; furthermore, an increase in prothrombin time, and in specific activity of AF metabolizing enzymes (glutathione S-transferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase). Raw milk samples were naturally contaminated with AF in milk (AFM1; 43.1±24.0 ng/kg). A linear dose-response relationship between AF in feed and AFM1 concentrations was observed (AFM1=19.2+2.70(AF); P<0.01; R2 :62.1%). Moreover, reproductive failure and inter-pregnancy interval rates of cows exposed to higher AF concentrations (>10.0 µg/kg) were increased. These results suggested that in the long term, low amounts of AF exposure may lead to significant adverse effects consistent with subclinical aflatoxicosis.","PeriodicalId":19845,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48033705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.29261/PAKVETJ/2020.071
Wajiha
Avian coccidiosis, a protozoan parasitic disease caused by genus Eimeria. Due to emergence of drug resistant Eimeria species, this study was aimed to evaluate anticoccidial potentials of Ficus racemosa, Cassia fistula and Syzygium cumini leaves extracts. In vitro anticoccidial efficacy of extracts was evaluated by oocysts sporulation inhibition and sporozoites viability inhibition assays of mixed Eimeria species oocysts. The set up was examined after 48hrs of incubation. DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and total antioxidant capacity were used for the evaluation of antioxidant potential of extracts. Among tested extracts maximum oocysts sporulation inhibition 86.81±2.35% and sporozoites viability inhibition was 86.73±1.67% at concentration 30 mg/ml of C. fistula methanolic leaves extract against E. mitis and E. tenella respectively. Highest radical scavenging capacity 67.82±0.00 and reducing power 2.17±0.01 was shown by F. racemosa and C. fistula methanolic leaves extract respectively. Maximum total antioxidant power was observed in C. fistula 30.95±0.35 and F. racemosa 21.93±1.41µg/mg methanolic leaves extracts. Antioxidant compounds including phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates etc. were detected through biochemical screening of selected plants extracts. The maximum amount of phenols 32.50±0.00µg/ml and flavonoids 40.00±1.00µg/ml were recorded in C. fistula methanolic extracts. It is concluded that selected plants methanolic extracts possess best anticoccidial and antioxidant activities due to presence of medicinally important phytochemicals. Further research is needed for identification and isolation of anticoccidial active compounds from these plants that can be used in the formulation of drugs against coccidiosis
{"title":"In vitro Anticoccidial, Antioxidant Activities and Biochemical Screening of Methanolic and Aqueous Leaves Extracts of Selected Plants","authors":"Wajiha","doi":"10.29261/PAKVETJ/2020.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29261/PAKVETJ/2020.071","url":null,"abstract":"Avian coccidiosis, a protozoan parasitic disease caused by genus Eimeria. Due to emergence of drug resistant Eimeria species, this study was aimed to evaluate anticoccidial potentials of Ficus racemosa, Cassia fistula and Syzygium cumini leaves extracts. In vitro anticoccidial efficacy of extracts was evaluated by oocysts sporulation inhibition and sporozoites viability inhibition assays of mixed Eimeria species oocysts. The set up was examined after 48hrs of incubation. DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and total antioxidant capacity were used for the evaluation of antioxidant potential of extracts. Among tested extracts maximum oocysts sporulation inhibition 86.81±2.35% and sporozoites viability inhibition was 86.73±1.67% at concentration 30 mg/ml of C. fistula methanolic leaves extract against E. mitis and E. tenella respectively. Highest radical scavenging capacity 67.82±0.00 and reducing power 2.17±0.01 was shown by F. racemosa and C. fistula methanolic leaves extract respectively. Maximum total antioxidant power was observed in C. fistula 30.95±0.35 and F. racemosa 21.93±1.41µg/mg methanolic leaves extracts. Antioxidant compounds including phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates etc. were detected through biochemical screening of selected plants extracts. The maximum amount of phenols 32.50±0.00µg/ml and flavonoids 40.00±1.00µg/ml were recorded in C. fistula methanolic extracts. It is concluded that selected plants methanolic extracts possess best anticoccidial and antioxidant activities due to presence of medicinally important phytochemicals. Further research is needed for identification and isolation of anticoccidial active compounds from these plants that can be used in the formulation of drugs against coccidiosis","PeriodicalId":19845,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49034151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.29261/pakvetj/2020.070
Yh Roh
Because of plate development, it is now possible to perform tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in small-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Compared with conventional treatment, faster walking and better function are reported post-TPLO. However, TPLO can be more difficult in toy-breed dogs than large-breed dogs. Because of the smaller bones, it is difficult to manipulate the bone fragments during surgery, and small movements of bones can cause major differences in limb alignment. In TPLO, a jig is conventionally recommended to increase the accuracy of alignment; however, installation of the jig can be difficult in small-breed dogs, and it may cause problems such as iatrogenic fracture. The present study thus aimed to evaluate the accuracy of TPLO without a jig in toy-breed dogs. Paired stifles (n=22) obtained from 11 toy-breed dogs cadavers (body weight range, 2.0-7.4 kg) were randomly assigned to a jig or non-jig group. Radiographic images were obtained preoperative and postoperative TPLO. Tibias were dissected from the hindlimb and measured for evaluation of accuracy. The following postoperative parameters were compared: tibial plateau angle, mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, osteotomy location, tibia crest thickness, gap between segments, and orientation line angles. There were no significant differences between the two groups, demonstrating that jig usage does not affect precision of TPLO in toy-breed dogs. Therefore, it is better not to use a jig in toy-breed dogs with relatively small bones, considering the risk of iatrogenic injury, cost and operation time
{"title":"Effect of Jig on the Precision of Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy in Toy-Breed Dogs","authors":"Yh Roh","doi":"10.29261/pakvetj/2020.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2020.070","url":null,"abstract":"Because of plate development, it is now possible to perform tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in small-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Compared with conventional treatment, faster walking and better function are reported post-TPLO. However, TPLO can be more difficult in toy-breed dogs than large-breed dogs. Because of the smaller bones, it is difficult to manipulate the bone fragments during surgery, and small movements of bones can cause major differences in limb alignment. In TPLO, a jig is conventionally recommended to increase the accuracy of alignment; however, installation of the jig can be difficult in small-breed dogs, and it may cause problems such as iatrogenic fracture. The present study thus aimed to evaluate the accuracy of TPLO without a jig in toy-breed dogs. Paired stifles (n=22) obtained from 11 toy-breed dogs cadavers (body weight range, 2.0-7.4 kg) were randomly assigned to a jig or non-jig group. Radiographic images were obtained preoperative and postoperative TPLO. Tibias were dissected from the hindlimb and measured for evaluation of accuracy. The following postoperative parameters were compared: tibial plateau angle, mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, osteotomy location, tibia crest thickness, gap between segments, and orientation line angles. There were no significant differences between the two groups, demonstrating that jig usage does not affect precision of TPLO in toy-breed dogs. Therefore, it is better not to use a jig in toy-breed dogs with relatively small bones, considering the risk of iatrogenic injury, cost and operation time","PeriodicalId":19845,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45570171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.29261/pakvetj/2020.073
J. Oh
Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CRE) with a multidrug resistant phenotype was isolated from four clinically ill dogs treated with meropenem in different local animal hospitals between 2017 and 2019. IncX3-type plasmids of ca. 46 kb in size carrying blaNDM-5 were present in all CRE strains and their transconjugants. High genetic similarity (>90%) by PFGE analysis was observed among the CRE strains, which were identified as ST410.To the best of our knowledge, blaNDM-5-producing E. coli ST410 clones are emerging sporadically in companion dogs treated with meropenem. The spread of Enterobacteriaceae harboring the NDM-5 gene in companion animals can pose a threat to public health; therefore, extensive monitoring in veterinary hospitals using carbapenem and careful antibiotic use are crucial for managing and monitoring these resistant strains
{"title":"Emergence of blaNDM-5-producing Escherichia coli ST410 in Companion Dogs Treated with Meropenem","authors":"J. Oh","doi":"10.29261/pakvetj/2020.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2020.073","url":null,"abstract":"Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CRE) with a multidrug resistant phenotype was isolated from four clinically ill dogs treated with meropenem in different local animal hospitals between 2017 and 2019. IncX3-type plasmids of ca. 46 kb in size carrying blaNDM-5 were present in all CRE strains and their transconjugants. High genetic similarity (>90%) by PFGE analysis was observed among the CRE strains, which were identified as ST410.To the best of our knowledge, blaNDM-5-producing E. coli ST410 clones are emerging sporadically in companion dogs treated with meropenem. The spread of Enterobacteriaceae harboring the NDM-5 gene in companion animals can pose a threat to public health; therefore, extensive monitoring in veterinary hospitals using carbapenem and careful antibiotic use are crucial for managing and monitoring these resistant strains","PeriodicalId":19845,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45200691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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