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The nutritive value of palm kernel cake and its application in low quality diets of broiler chickens 棕榈仁饼的营养价值及其在肉鸡低质量日粮中的应用
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.21162/pakjas/21.1187
Xiaopeng Tang
The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of palm kernel cake (PKC) and to investigate its effect on growth performance of broiler chickens. Firstly, the dry matter (DM) digestibility, metabolic energy (ME) of PKC was determined. Secondly, a total of seven hundred 18-day-old Sanhuang broilers were randomly divided into 5 treatments with 7 replicates of 20 broilers each. Broilers were received basal diets without (T0 group) or with 2% (T1 group), 4% (T2 group), 6% (T3 group), 8% (T4 group) PKC supplementation throughout the trial period. The experiment lasted for 18 days after a five days prefeeding period. The growth performance [average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed to meat ratio (F/G)] were measured. The results showed that the DM, crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), crude fat (EE), crude ash, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Pi) and gross energy (GE) content of PKC was 91.30%, 15.87%, 14.31%, 10.41%, 3.73%, 0.34%, 0.57% and18.28 MJ/kg respectively. There are 17 kinds of amino acid (AA) in PKC, and had a total AA content of 13.26%. The apparent DM digestibility and true DM digestibility of PKC was 24.11% and 28.73%, respectively. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and true metabolizable energy (TME) of PKC was 7.73 MJ/kg and 8.41 MJ/kg, respectively. Dietary PKC supplementation had no effects on the final body weight (FBW), ADG, ADFI and F/G of broilers, while, there was a significant linear relationship between PKC and ADFI (y=0.2006x+73.63, R2=0.8358, p=0.0298). The feed cost were decreased with the increased of PKC supplementation, and the relative economic benefit in T2 group (4% PKC), T3 group (6% PKC), T4 group (8% PKC) was decreased by 1.07%, 0.89%, 0.36%, respectively, only the 2% PKC group increased the relative economic benefit by 0.71% compared with control group. In conclusion, the supplementation of PKC up to 8% in low quality diets did not affects the growth performance of broilers, but considering the economic benefit, it is advisable to add 2% PKC in the diet of broilers
本试验旨在评价棕榈仁饼(PKC)的营养价值,探讨其对肉鸡生长性能的影响。首先测定PKC的干物质(DM)消化率和代谢能(ME)。选择18日龄三黄肉仔鸡700只,随机分为5个处理,每处理7个重复,每个重复20只鸡。试验期在基础饲粮中不添加PKC (T0组)或添加2% (T1组)、4% (T2组)、6% (T3组)、8% (T4组)PKC。预试期5 d,试验期18 d。测定生长性能[平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料肉比(F/G)]。结果表明:PKC的DM、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗纤维(CF)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分、钙(Ca)、磷(Pi)和总能(GE)含量分别为91.30%、15.87%、14.31%、10.41%、3.73%、0.34%、0.57%和18.28 MJ/kg。PKC中含有17种氨基酸(AA),总氨基酸含量为13.26%。PKC的DM表观消化率和DM真消化率分别为24.11%和28.73%。PKC表观代谢能(AME)和真代谢能(TME)分别为7.73 MJ/kg和8.41 MJ/kg。饲粮中添加PKC对肉鸡终末体重、平均日增重、平均日增重和料重比无显著影响,但PKC与平均日增重之间存在显著的线性关系(y=0.2006x+73.63, R2=0.8358, p=0.0298)。饲料成本随PKC添加量的增加而降低,T2组(4% PKC)、T3组(6% PKC)、T4组(8% PKC)的相对经济效益分别比对照组降低1.07%、0.89%、0.36%,仅2% PKC组的相对经济效益比对照组提高0.71%。由此可见,低品质饲粮中PKC添加量不超过8%对肉鸡生长性能没有影响,但从经济效益考虑,以2% PKC添加量为宜
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引用次数: 0
Multivariate analysis of morpho-physiological and grain yield traits in advance lines of bread wheat under different leaf rust disease regimes 不同叶锈病治理下面包小麦先期品系形态生理及产量性状的多变量分析
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.21162/pakjas/21.1445
Muhammad Jabran
Leaf rust disease affects the wheat crop in several countries around the globe and it can influence the grain yield and its components. This research was carried out using 35 wheat genotypes during the growing season of 2016-2017 with 3 replications by RCBD under contrasting rust disease regimes. The statistical techniques used for the multivariate analyses include the calculations of correlations, principal components and clusters. The data about various physiological traits, grain yield components and disease severity were recorded under high disease pressure and maximum disease control conditions. Correlation analysis showed highly significant positive relationship of disease severity with relative membrane permeability but negative association with chlorophyll contents in the flag leaf and some yield attributes. In control conditions, the relative water content exhibited a highly significant positive relationship with the flag leaf area while highly significant negative relationship was observed with specific flag leaf weigh under disease condition. Principal component analysis demonstrated that first 4 PCs having eigenvalue >1 elucidated 73.578% and 82.80% of the total variation under diseased and control conditions respectively. Cluster analysis grouped 35 wheat genotypes among four different clusters. The members of cluster 1 revealed the maximum disease severity under control condition, but the disease severity was maximum for cluster 4 under disease condition. Scatter plot explained that, not a single cluster showed clear separation. The tree diagram also indicated that diversity in different disease conditions is controlled by genotypes. The results concluded that this genetic diversity could be helpful to the researchers and breeders for future objectives to enhance the food production and leaf resistance in bread wheat. Keywords: Wheat, Leaf rust, Multivariate analysis, Genetic diversity, Morpho-physiological traits
叶锈病在全球多个国家影响小麦作物,影响粮食产量及其组成部分。本研究在2016-2017年生长季使用35个小麦基因型,在不同的锈病制度下使用RCBD进行3个重复。用于多变量分析的统计技术包括相关性、主成分和聚类的计算。在高病压和最高病控条件下,记录了水稻各生理性状、产量组成和病害严重程度的数据。相关分析表明,病害严重程度与相对膜透性呈极显著正相关,与旗叶叶绿素含量及部分产量性状呈极显著负相关。对照条件下,相对含水量与旗叶面积呈极显著正相关,而病害条件下,相对含水量与旗叶比重呈极显著负相关。主成分分析表明,在患病和对照条件下,特征值为>1的前4个个体分别解析了总变异的73.578%和82.80%。聚类分析将35种小麦基因型分为4个不同的聚类。在控制条件下,集群1成员的疾病严重程度最大,而在疾病条件下,集群4成员的疾病严重程度最大。散点图解释说,没有一个集群显示出明显的分离。树形图还表明,不同疾病条件下的多样性受基因型控制。结果表明,这种遗传多样性有助于研究人员和育种人员今后提高面包小麦的粮食产量和叶片抗性。关键词:小麦,叶锈病,多变量分析,遗传多样性,形态生理性状
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引用次数: 2
The effect of climate change on cotton productivity - an empirical investigation in Pakistan 气候变化对棉花产量的影响——巴基斯坦的实证调查
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.21162/pakjas/21.885
M. Arshad
Pakistan is the primary producer of cotton, which is an indispensable crop worldwide. The agriculture sector depends on the climate and may be susceptible to future climate changes, such as increasing temperature, heavy rainfall, droughts, and floods directly impacting cotton productivity. This study empirically investigates the relationship between climate change variables and non-climate change variables on cotton productivity in Pakistan. An econometric technique, the “autoregressive distributed lag model” (ARDL), was employed on time series data from 1970 to 2018 to explore the existence and nature of the relationship among variables. The findings indicated the presence of co-integration among variables which confirms the long-run relationship among the variables. At the same time, the empirical results revealed that increases in temperature and rainfall positively affected cotton productivity. However, CO2 harms cotton productivity. Moreover, infrastructural changes positively affect cotton productivity in both the long and short run, while labor is negatively related to productivity. The area, fertilizer, and seed consumption showed a significant positive effect on cotton productivity. We employed the dynamic ordinary least squares (OLS), co-integration regression estimation, and the series test to validate the robustness of the finding. The finding of this study urges policymakers to devise a comprehensive policy to mitigate the adverse effect of climate change and upsurge water conservation. Furthermore, it is imperative to adopt environmentally friendly production inputs and modern techniques, which helps to gain sustainable cotton productivity. To conclude, the cotton crop is significantly affected by climate change subject to the region. Although this study analyzed the Pakistan case, the model can be generalized to all the developing countries
巴基斯坦是棉花的主要生产国,棉花是世界范围内不可或缺的作物。农业部门取决于气候,可能容易受到未来气候变化的影响,如气温升高、暴雨、干旱和洪水等直接影响棉花产量的气候变化。本文对气候变化变量和非气候变化变量对巴基斯坦棉花生产力的影响进行了实证研究。采用计量经济学方法“自回归分布滞后模型”(ARDL)对1970 - 2018年的时间序列数据进行分析,探讨变量间关系的存在性和性质。研究结果表明,变量之间存在协整关系,证实了变量之间的长期关系。同时,实证结果表明,温度和降雨量的增加对棉花产量有正向影响。然而,二氧化碳会损害棉花的产量。此外,基础设施的变化对棉花生产力的长期和短期影响都是积极的,而劳动力对生产力的影响是负相关的。面积、肥料用量和种子用量对棉花产量有显著的正向影响。我们采用动态普通最小二乘(OLS)、协整回归估计和序列检验来验证研究结果的稳健性。本研究的发现敦促决策者制定综合政策,以减轻气候变化的不利影响,并加强节约用水。此外,必须采用环境友好的生产投入和现代技术,这有助于获得可持续的棉花生产力。综上所述,棉花作物受区域气候变化的影响显著。虽然本研究分析的是巴基斯坦的案例,但该模型可以推广到所有的发展中国家
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引用次数: 0
Determination of the control point position for the estimation of the optimal cutoff time of closed-end furrow irrigation systems 闭式沟灌系统最佳截止时间估计控制点位置的确定
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.21162/pakjas/21.86
Mohamed Khaled Salahou
Furrow irrigation systems are one of the dominant methods for growing cotton in the North China Plain and in other parts of the word. Many attempts have been made to improve furrow irrigation performance by selecting an optimal cut off time. The objective of this study is to determine the appropriate control point position for the estimation of the optimal cutoff time in a field situation with a closed-end furrow irrigation system. The experiments were conducted in a cotton field at the EcoAgricultural Experimental Station in Wuqiao, Hebei Province, North China Plain. Simulations employing two optimization strategies were used for determining the optimal cutoff time. These strategies were selected based on the irrigation system properties (total water applied depth and field characteristics), aiming to maximize application efficiency or requirement efficiency. The results show that the optimal cutoff time could be selected based on the relationship between the cutoff time and the advance time to a particular control point downstream. The position of this control point depends on the range of the inflow rate. The recommended control point position for estimating the optimal cutoff time was set at 0.9 of a furrow length for inflow rates less than 1.6 l/s and at 0.8 and 0.7 for inflow rates ranging between 1.6 and 2.0 l/s and 2.0 and 2.6 l/s, respectively. The results also show that to achieve a high irrigation performance when the inflow rate is high, it is better to reduce the requirements of irrigation and increase the number of irrigations. Determining the appropriate position of the control point helps to select the optimal cutoff time without requiring knowledge of the other irrigation system properties (i.e., soil water content, etc.). Keywords: Closed-end
沟灌系统是华北平原和世界其他地区种植棉花的主要方法之一。已经进行了许多尝试来通过选择最佳截止时间来提高沟灌性能。本研究的目的是确定合适的控制点位置,以估计封闭式沟灌系统在田间条件下的最佳截止时间。试验在华北平原河北吴桥生态农业试验站棉田进行。采用两种优化策略的模拟被用于确定最佳截止时间。这些策略是根据灌溉系统的特性(总施水深度和田间特征)选择的,旨在最大限度地提高施用效率或需求效率。结果表明,可以根据截止时间和到达下游特定控制点的提前时间之间的关系来选择最佳截止时间。该控制点的位置取决于流入速率的范围。对于小于1.6升/秒的流入速率,用于估计最佳截止时间的推荐控制点位置设置为犁沟长度的0.9,对于1.6和2.0升/秒以及2.0和2.6升/秒之间的流入速率分别设置为0.8和0.7。结果还表明,在入流率较高时,要获得较高的灌溉性能,最好减少灌溉要求并增加灌溉次数。确定控制点的适当位置有助于在不需要了解其他灌溉系统特性(即土壤含水量等)的情况下选择最佳截止时间。关键词:封闭端
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引用次数: 1
Influence of raw milk quality attributes on its pricing in Pakistan 巴基斯坦原料奶质量属性对其定价的影响
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.21162/pakjas/21.1050
Waseem Ahmad
In developing countries, milk quality characteristics are not maintained by the milk producers and the middlemen. This study initially estimates the influence of various milk quality attributes on its price and then estimate the effect of socio-demographic characteristics on the marginal price of the milk components. Data collected from milk consumers through personal interview method, and milk sample took from the same consumers are used to estimate a two-stage hedonic model. In the first stage, prices were estimated for milk components and in the second stage, implicit price of each component was used as the dependent variable. The first stage results show that fat, solids-not-fat, total plate counts, color, and pleasant aroma have a significant impact on the milk price. The second stage results indicate that fat and solids-not-fat values are a function of the sociodemographic characteristics of consumers. To maintain milk quality attributes, we recommend the establishment of chilling centers for maintenance of quality, checkpoints and mobile laboratories for testing quality, provision of basic testing equipment at subsidized rates, hygiene awareness program for stakeholders in value chain, health risk awareness for consumers consuming raw milk and its products, and introduction and popularization of enzyme-based lactoperoxidase preservation technology.
在发展中国家,牛奶生产商和中间商无法保持牛奶的质量特征。本研究首先估计了各种牛奶质量属性对其价格的影响,然后估计了社会人口特征对牛奶成分边际价格的影响。通过个人访谈法从牛奶消费者那里收集的数据,以及从同一消费者那里采集的牛奶样本,用于估计两阶段享乐模型。在第一阶段,估计牛奶成分的价格,在第二阶段,使用每个成分的隐含价格作为因变量。第一阶段的结果表明,脂肪、固体不脂肪、总盘子数、颜色和宜人的香气对牛奶价格有显著影响。第二阶段的结果表明,脂肪和固体非脂肪值是消费者社会人口特征的函数。为了保持牛奶的质量属性,我们建议建立用于维护质量的冷藏中心、用于检测质量的检查站和移动实验室、以补贴价格提供基本检测设备、价值链利益相关者的卫生意识计划、食用生牛奶及其产品的消费者的健康风险意识,以及基于酶的乳过氧化物酶保存技术的引进和推广。
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引用次数: 0
Determining the nutrient content, relative feed value, and in vitro digestibility value of some legume forage plants 测定某些豆科牧草的营养成分、相对饲料价值和体外消化率
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.21162/pakjas/21.131
E. Gürsoy
The purpose of this study was to determine the feed values of some legume forage plants growing in a natural environment. The plant materials used in the study were as follows: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), varigated alfalfa (Medicago varia), bird vetch (Vicia cracca), mountain vetch (Vicia alpestris), mountain clover (Trifolium montanum), kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum), three-headed clover (Trifolium trichocephalum), purple crownvetch (Coronilla varia), and bird’s foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus). The feeds were examined in terms of nutrient content, relative feed value, true dry matter digestibility, true organic matter digestibility, true neutral detergent fiber digestibility, and relative feed quality. The legume forage plants were found to be significantly different from each other in terms of nutrient contents (P<0.05). The mountain clover was found to have the highest contents of crude protein and crude fat among the legume forage plants examined in this study, while the alfalfa was found to have more contents of dry matter and NDF than the other legume forage plants. On the other hand, the dry matter intake was found to be the highest in the three-headed clover, the dry matter digestibility and relative feed value were found to be the highest in the purple crownvetch, and the relative feed quality was found to be the highest in the mountain vetch. The nutrient contents, relative feed values, and relative feed quality values of the forage plants showed that they could be used in animal feeding.
本研究的目的是确定在自然环境中生长的一些豆科饲料植物的饲料价值。本研究选用的植物材料为:紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、杂花苜蓿(Medicago varia)、紫花苜蓿(Vicia cracca)、山紫花苜蓿(Vicia alpestris)、山三叶草(Trifolium montanum)、库拉三叶草(Trifolium ambiguum)、三头三叶草(Trifolium trichocephalum)、紫冠紫花苜蓿(Coronilla varia)、鸟脚三叶草(Lotus corniculatus)。从营养成分含量、相对饲料价值、真干物质消化率、真有机物消化率、真中性洗涤纤维消化率和相对饲料品质等方面进行试验。豆科饲料植物的营养成分含量差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,山三叶草粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量最高,苜蓿干物质和NDF含量高于其他豆科饲料植物。干物质采食量以三头三叶草最高,干物质消化率和相对饲料价值以紫冠豇豆最高,相对饲料质量以山豇豆最高。饲料植物的营养成分含量、相对饲料价值和相对饲料品质值表明,它们可以用于动物饲养。
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引用次数: 0
Growth and trade performance of indian fish export to china 印度鱼类对华出口的增长和贸易表现
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.21162/pakjas/21.1005
U. Nisar
China has been the largest producer of fish in the world since 1989 and became the largest consumer of fish and fishery products recently. With increase in China’s demand and preference for shellfishes and value-added fish products, India sees China as the second largest export destination after the US. This study analyzed the status, export performance and competitiveness of Indian fish export to China based on data (2000-2018) from trademap.org and UNCOMTRADE statistical database. Compound Growth Rate (CGR) revealed that the seafood export grew at an annual rate of 9.68% in terms of value with instability of 0.24 from 2000-2018. The Simpson Index of Diversity (SID) to the China revealed that the index values remained highest all throughout the years as compared to USA and the rest of the world. The Unit Value Realization (UVR) was found highest in live fishes ($34.92/kg) followed by fresh chilled fish ($7.19/kg), crustaceans ($5.97/kg) and others for 2018. Commodity wise RCA revealed that it is highly positive for frozen fillet meat mince (10.22) followed by crustaceans (8.0) and frozen fish (5.05), indicating that India has a strong comparative advantage in exporting these commodities to China.
自1989年以来,中国一直是世界上最大的鱼类生产国,最近又成为最大的鱼类和渔业产品消费国。随着中国对贝类和高附加值鱼类产品的需求和偏好的增加,印度将中国视为仅次于美国的第二大出口目的地。本研究基于trademap.org和UNCOMTRADE统计数据库中的数据(2000-2018),分析了印度对中国鱼类出口的现状、出口表现和竞争力。复合增长率(CGR)显示,从2000年到2018年,海鲜出口以9.68%的年增长率增长,不稳定度为0.24。中国的Simpson多样性指数(SID)显示,与美国和世界其他地区相比,该指数多年来一直保持最高水平。2018年,活鱼(34.92美元/公斤)的单位价值实现率(UVR)最高,其次是新鲜冷冻鱼(7.19美元/公斤,甲壳类动物(5.97美元/千克)和其他鱼类。商品方面的RCA显示,冷冻鱼片肉糜(10.22)呈高度阳性,其次是甲壳类动物(8.0)和冷冻鱼类(5.05),表明印度在向中国出口这些商品方面具有强大的比较优势。
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引用次数: 1
Nitrogen application rate and timing management for improved grain quality parameters of wheat crop 提高小麦品质参数的施氮量和定时管理
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.21162/pakjas/21.102
G. R. Khan
Nitrogen use efficiency under flood irrigation system is generally low (30%) in field crops, which is one of the fundamental factors of high production cost in the developing countries. Optimum rate and timing of N-application is otherwise important to harvest good quality grain for backing in the recent climate change scenario. Optimum N-rate (NAR) corresponds with the application timing (NAT) has resulted in good quality grains. Aim of the study was to focus on spring wheat grain quality and N use efficiency (NUE) with NAR {i.e., 0, 100, 120, 140 and 160 kg ha-1) and NAT (i.e., 100% at sowing (NAR1), 50% at sowing and 50% at tillering (NAT2), 25% at sowing, 50% at tillering and 25% at booting (NAT3) and 25% at sowing, 25% at tillering and 50% at booting (NAT4)}. Treatment impacts were investigated focusing grain yield, grain-N, and quality parameters (i.e., crude protein, gluten, amylose and amylopectin). Experiment was a randomized complete block, in three replications, conducted at Agronomy Res. Farm of the University of Agric. Peshawar in 2016-17 and repeated in 2017-18. Results showed the highest NUE in100 kg N ha-1, followed by a decreasing rate (p<0.05) for every next N-increment. While averaged on N-rates, the highest NUE observed in NAT3 which did not differ fromNAT4 but decreased (p<0.05) for treatment NAT2 with lowest for theNAT1. Pakhtunkhuwa-2015 showed higher NUE among the varieties. Grain-N, grain yield, gluten and amylose did not differ with NAR 140 and 160 kg ha-1 as well as for the NAT3 and NAT4 but decreased for NAT2 and the lowest was noted for NAT1. The N-content of wheat grain was highest in Pakhtunkhuwa-2015, followed by Pirsabak-2015 and the lowest in DN-84. Nonetheless, grain amylopectin showed a reduction with increasing NAR and/or split N-applications from one to two and/or three doses. Cultivars did not show any changes in the amylopectin. It is concluded that in recent climate changes where flood irrigation system is practiced, three N-splits (NAT3 or NAT4) resulted higher quality grains with140 kg N ha-1 to wheat crop
农田作物在漫灌系统下氮素利用效率普遍较低(30%),这是发展中国家生产成本高的根本因素之一。此外,在最近的气候变化情况下,最佳的施氮速率和时机对于收获优质粮食至关重要。最佳施氮量与施肥时机相适应,可获得优质籽粒。本研究的目的是利用NAR{即NAR{对春小麦籽粒品质和氮素利用效率进行研究。(0、100、120、140和160 kg ha-1)和NAT(即播种时100% (NAR1),播种时50%分蘖时50% (NAT2),播种时25%,分蘖时50%,孕穗期25% (NAT3),播种时25%,分蘖时25%,孕穗期50% (NAT4))}。以籽粒产量、籽粒氮和品质参数(即粗蛋白、面筋、直链淀粉和支链淀粉)为重点,研究了处理的影响。实验采用随机完全区组,分三个重复,在农业大学农学研究院农场进行。2016-17年在白沙瓦,2017-18年重复。结果表明:100 kg N ha-1时氮肥利用率最高,随N的增加而降低(p<0.05);在平均施氮率下,处理NAT3的氮素利用效率最高,与处理nat4无显著差异,但处理NAT2的氮素利用效率降低(p<0.05),处理nat1的氮素利用效率最低。Pakhtunkhuwa-2015品种的氮肥利用效率较高。籽粒氮素、籽粒产量、面筋和直链淀粉在NAR 140和160 kg ha-1以及NAT3和NAT4处理中无显著差异,但在NAT2处理中有所降低,以NAT1处理最低。小麦籽粒氮含量以“普赫图赫瓦-2015”最高,“皮尔萨巴克-2015”次之,“DN-84”最低。尽管如此,谷物支链淀粉的含量随着NAR的增加和/或分施氮量从一次增加到两次和/或三次而减少。不同品种支链淀粉含量无明显变化。综上所述,在近期气候变化条件下,采用3次氮素分流(NAT3或NAT4)可提高小麦籽粒品质,且氮素水平为140 kg hm -1
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引用次数: 3
Appraisal of quantitative and qualitative losses in six rice genotypes caused by Trogoderma granarium (Everts) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) 六种水稻基因型因石榴花(Everts)和稻瘟病菌(Rhyzopertha dominica)引起的数量和质量损失的鉴定
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.21162/pakjas/21.225
A. A. Chatha
The present study was conducted to probe out the nutritive losses caused by Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Trogoderma granarium (Everts) were quantified in six rice genotypes (KSK-434, KSK-282, Irri-6, Shaheen basmati, Basmati 385 and Chenab basmati). Percent crude protein, ash and moisture content were measured for qualitative losses, while for quantitative losses, frass weight and weight loss were examined after infestation period of 90 days of. Highest weight losses (25.76%) and (15.37%) were observed in KSK-434 by infestation of R. dominica and T. granarium, respectively, compared with un-infested grains after a storage period of 90 days. Highest frass weight (8.57 g) was recorded for KSK-434 while relatively low frass weight (4.16 g) was recorded for Basmati 385 by infestation of R. dominica. Relatively low frass weights of 5.67, 4.46 and 4.01 g were recorded in KSK-434, Chenab basmati and Shaheen basmati, respectively by attack of T. granarium. Highest percentage moisture values (14.03 and 11.24%) were recorded for KSK-434 by infestations of both test insects compared to non-infested (controls). Percent crude protein was decreased (from 6.97% to the 4.92%) due to infestation of R. dominica values by strain were KSK-434 (4.54%), Shaheen basmati (4.89%) and chenab basmati (4.92%). In the case of T. granarium infestation, almost all the varieties sustained the low protein contents except KSK-434 (5.02%) and Basmiti 385 (5.17%) and Shaheen basmati, protein contents loss comparable to non-infested control (7.09%). Ash content was high in genotype KSK- 282 (0.68 %) compared to control. KSK-434 and Chenab basmati had relatively low ash percentage due to high infestation of T. granarium. R. dominica attack produced the highest percent ash content (0.66%) in KSK-282 and the least (0.44%) in KSK- 434. The tested rice genotypes were more susceptible to R. dominica than T. granarium among the different genotypes of selected cereals.
本研究对6个水稻基因型(KSK-434、KSK-282、Irri-6、Shaheen basmati、basmati 385和Chenab basmati)进行了营养损失的定量分析。测定了粗蛋白、灰分和水分含量的百分比,用于定性损失,而对于定量损失,在90天的侵扰期后检查了碎片重量和重量损失。与90天后未受感染的谷物相比,在KSK-434中,分别观察到受多米尼加共和国小蠊和粮仓小蠊侵扰的重量损失最高(25.76%)和(15.37%)。KSK-434的碎片重量最高(8.57克),而巴斯马蒂385的碎片重量相对较低(4.16克)。在KSK-434、Chenab basmati和Shaheen basmati中,由于T.granarium的攻击,分别记录到5.67、4.46和4.01g的相对较低的碎片重量。与未受感染的昆虫(对照)相比,两种试验昆虫的感染使KSK-434的水分百分比值最高(14.03%和11.24%)。由于多米尼加乳杆菌的侵扰,粗蛋白百分比下降(从6.97%下降到4.92%)。菌株的值分别为KSK-434(4.54%)、Shaheen basmati(4.89%)和chenab basmati,蛋白质含量损失与未感染对照相当(7.09%)。与对照相比,KSK-282基因型的灰分含量较高(0.68%)。KSK-434和Chenab basmati具有相对较低的灰分百分比,这是由于T.granarium的高侵扰。多米尼加共和国的攻击在KSK-282中产生的灰分百分比最高(0.66%),在KSK-434中产生的灰烬百分比最低(0.44%)。在所选谷物的不同基因型中,所测试的水稻基因型比粮仓T.dominica更易感。
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引用次数: 0
First report of Xanthomonas citri Subsp. Citri causing citrus canker on grape fruit (Citrus paradisi), washington naval (Citrus sinensis), kaghzi limon (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle), lemon (Citrus lim 柑橘黄单胞菌亚属首次报道。引起柑橘溃疡病的柑橘属植物有葡萄(citrus paradisi),华盛顿海军(citrus sinensis),卡格齐柠檬(citrus aurantifolia Swingle),柠檬(citrus lim)
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.21162/pakjas/21.9701
Muhammad Shah Nawaz ul Rehman
Citrus fruit production is largely affected by different bacterial and fungal pathogens. In Pakistan bacterial diseases like citrus bacterial canker (CBC) pose severe risk to citrus economy. Diagnoses of such diseases could be helpful to avoid the epidemics in nurseries or orchids. In 2011-12, citrus canker symptoms i.e., callus-like outgrowths on leaves and fruits of grape fruit (Citrus paradisi), Washington naval (Citrus sinensis), Kaghzi Limon (Citrus aurantifolia swingle), lemon (Citrus Limon) and pomelo (Citrus maxima) were noticed in Sargodha district of Punjab, Pakistan. Bacteria i.e., yellow mucoid, Xanthomonas- like isolates, were isolated from these lesions. Bacteria isolated from these lesions were cultured and total DNA was isolated. A diagnostic fragment of 581 bp based on rpf genes of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri was amplified, cloned and completely sequenced. BLAST and evolutionary analysis revealed that these isolates show 100% sequence similarity and group with Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri from Argentina (CP023285) and Reunion (CP018858), (CP018854). To our knowledge, this is the first formal report of X. campestris pv. citri pathotypes A on Citrus paradise, Citrus sinensis, Citrus maxima, Citrus Limon and Citrus aurantifolia swingle in Pakistan
柑橘类水果的生产在很大程度上受到不同细菌和真菌病原体的影响。在巴基斯坦,柑橘细菌性溃疡病(CBC)等细菌性疾病对柑橘经济构成严重威胁。这些疾病的诊断有助于避免苗圃或兰花的流行。2011- 2012年,在巴基斯坦旁遮普省Sargodha地区发现了柑橘溃疡病症状,即葡萄(citrus paradisi)、华盛顿(citrus sinensis)、Kaghzi Limon (citrus aurantifolia swingle)、柠檬(citrus Limon)和柚子(citrus maxima)的叶子和果实上出现了类似愈伤组织的生长。从这些病变中分离出黄单胞菌样细菌,即黄色黏液。培养从这些病变中分离的细菌并分离总DNA。基于柑橘黄单胞菌rpf基因的581 bp诊断片段。对Citri进行了扩增、克隆和完全测序。BLAST和进化分析表明,这些分离株序列与柑橘黄单胞菌亚群具有100%的相似性和类群。产自阿根廷(CP023285)和留尼汪岛(CP018858) (CP018854)的柑橘。据我们所知,这是X. campestris pv的第一次正式报告。柑桔病型A在巴基斯坦的天堂柑桔、中华柑桔、大黄柑桔、柠檬柑桔和金叶柑桔上的分布
{"title":"First report of Xanthomonas citri Subsp. Citri causing citrus canker on grape fruit (Citrus paradisi), washington naval (Citrus sinensis), kaghzi limon (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle), lemon (Citrus lim","authors":"Muhammad Shah Nawaz ul Rehman","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/21.9701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/21.9701","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus fruit production is largely affected by different bacterial and fungal pathogens. In Pakistan bacterial diseases like citrus bacterial canker (CBC) pose severe risk to citrus economy. Diagnoses of such diseases could be helpful to avoid the epidemics in nurseries or orchids. In 2011-12, citrus canker symptoms i.e., callus-like outgrowths on leaves and fruits of grape fruit (Citrus paradisi), Washington naval (Citrus sinensis), Kaghzi Limon (Citrus aurantifolia swingle), lemon (Citrus Limon) and pomelo (Citrus maxima) were noticed in Sargodha district of Punjab, Pakistan. Bacteria i.e., yellow mucoid, Xanthomonas- like isolates, were isolated from these lesions. Bacteria isolated from these lesions were cultured and total DNA was isolated. A diagnostic fragment of 581 bp based on rpf genes of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri was amplified, cloned and completely sequenced. BLAST and evolutionary analysis revealed that these isolates show 100% sequence similarity and group with Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri from Argentina (CP023285) and Reunion (CP018858), (CP018854). To our knowledge, this is the first formal report of X. campestris pv. citri pathotypes A on Citrus paradise, Citrus sinensis, Citrus maxima, Citrus Limon and Citrus aurantifolia swingle in Pakistan","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67673859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences
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