How to develop a low-carbon and environmentally friendly agricultural economy under the conditions of financial diversity is a realistic problem that appears in the context of the current era. In this manuscript, taking cities in western, central and eastern China as examples, the entropy method was used to systematically study the impact of financial diversity on the development of low-carbon and environmentally friendly agricultural economy. Through this study, a low-carbon environmental protection agricultural development factor index system based on financial diversification was constructed, and the entropy method was used to determine the weight of agricultural financial indicators. The results showed that the indicators of agricultural economic and financial ecological diversification ranged from 2.315 to 4.872, with an average value of 3.214. The financial diversity of eastern urban areas was higher than that of central and western cities. The development level of China's low-carbon environmental protection agricultural finance varies greatly from region to region, and there is a large room for balanced development. The regression analysis of low-carbon environmental protection agricultural economic development factors showed that the financial ecological diversity in the eastern region has a significant inhibitory effect on the development of low-carbon finance; the financial ecological diversity in the central region is conducive to the development of low-carbon agricultural finance; the financial ecological diversity in the western region is negatively related to the development of lowcarbon agricultural finance. Financial diversity has a good positive correlation with urban carbon emissions. Although complex financial diversity optimizes the structure of the agricultural economy, it also emits excessive agricultural carbon emissions, which is detrimental to the sustainable development of cities. The output value of the coal industry also has a good positive correlation with urban carbon emissions. The reduction of carbon emissions should speed up the transformation of coal-based energy companies and the development of new energy sources. Environmental protection investment has a weak positive correlation with urban carbon emissions, and environmental protection investment is far from being able to match the increase in carbon emissions. This research can be used for the construction and optimization of agricultural economic indicators
{"title":"Research on the development and evaluation of low-carbon agricultural economy based on financial diversity","authors":"Su Tuo","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/23.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/23.125","url":null,"abstract":"How to develop a low-carbon and environmentally friendly agricultural economy under the conditions of financial diversity is a realistic problem that appears in the context of the current era. In this manuscript, taking cities in western, central and eastern China as examples, the entropy method was used to systematically study the impact of financial diversity on the development of low-carbon and environmentally friendly agricultural economy. Through this study, a low-carbon environmental protection agricultural development factor index system based on financial diversification was constructed, and the entropy method was used to determine the weight of agricultural financial indicators. The results showed that the indicators of agricultural economic and financial ecological diversification ranged from 2.315 to 4.872, with an average value of 3.214. The financial diversity of eastern urban areas was higher than that of central and western cities. The development level of China's low-carbon environmental protection agricultural finance varies greatly from region to region, and there is a large room for balanced development. The regression analysis of low-carbon environmental protection agricultural economic development factors showed that the financial ecological diversity in the eastern region has a significant inhibitory effect on the development of low-carbon finance; the financial ecological diversity in the central region is conducive to the development of low-carbon agricultural finance; the financial ecological diversity in the western region is negatively related to the development of lowcarbon agricultural finance. Financial diversity has a good positive correlation with urban carbon emissions. Although complex financial diversity optimizes the structure of the agricultural economy, it also emits excessive agricultural carbon emissions, which is detrimental to the sustainable development of cities. The output value of the coal industry also has a good positive correlation with urban carbon emissions. The reduction of carbon emissions should speed up the transformation of coal-based energy companies and the development of new energy sources. Environmental protection investment has a weak positive correlation with urban carbon emissions, and environmental protection investment is far from being able to match the increase in carbon emissions. This research can be used for the construction and optimization of agricultural economic indicators","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47696479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of five different commercially available essential oils; aloe vera, borage, cacao, horse chestnut and nettle seed oils against egg, nymphal and pupal stages of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and its important natural enemies namely, Encarsia formosa Gahan, Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich, Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur, Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter, and Orius laevigatus Fiber. This study was conducted under laboratory conditions in 2021 at Bursa Uludag University, Turkey. The essential oil solutions were applied at %0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 doses and mortality rates were noted after 24, 48 and 72 hours of essential oils application. As a result, it was determined that the insect species most affected by the plant oils were the predators, the immature stages (egg, nymphal and pupal) of whitefly and the parasitoid species, respectively. Borage and horse chestnut oils showed high effects (100%) on predatory adults after 24 hours. It was determined that all N. tenuis and M. pygmaeus adults died after 48 hours in the trial. The egg, nymphal and pupal stages of B. tabaci were most affected by plant oils, respectively. B. tabaci eggs and pupal stages were the most affected from cacao oil with a mortality rate of 100%. Moreover, nymphal stage of B. tabaci was the most affected by horse chestnut oil with a mortality rate of 100% after 72 hours. Parasitized pupae were found to be the least affected individuals in the trial. Aloe vera oil was the least effective essential oil in the experiment. Eggs and nymphal stages of B. tabaci, O. laevigatus, E. formosa and E. eremicus were affected by aloe vera oil with mortality rates of 53.33%, 46%, 53%, 46% and 36%, respectively. Horse chestnut and cacao oils were harmful to the immature stages (egg, nymphal and pupal) of B. tabaci and all predator adults (M. pygmaeus, N. tenuis, O. laevigatus), but they had slightly harmful on parasitoid species in the experiment
{"title":"Toxic effects of essential oils against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its certain important natural enemies","authors":"Emre Sen","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/23.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/23.105","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of five different commercially available essential oils; aloe vera, borage, cacao, horse chestnut and nettle seed oils against egg, nymphal and pupal stages of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and its important natural enemies namely, Encarsia formosa Gahan, Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich, Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur, Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter, and Orius laevigatus Fiber. This study was conducted under laboratory conditions in 2021 at Bursa Uludag University, Turkey. The essential oil solutions were applied at %0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 doses and mortality rates were noted after 24, 48 and 72 hours of essential oils application. As a result, it was determined that the insect species most affected by the plant oils were the predators, the immature stages (egg, nymphal and pupal) of whitefly and the parasitoid species, respectively. Borage and horse chestnut oils showed high effects (100%) on predatory adults after 24 hours. It was determined that all N. tenuis and M. pygmaeus adults died after 48 hours in the trial. The egg, nymphal and pupal stages of B. tabaci were most affected by plant oils, respectively. B. tabaci eggs and pupal stages were the most affected from cacao oil with a mortality rate of 100%. Moreover, nymphal stage of B. tabaci was the most affected by horse chestnut oil with a mortality rate of 100% after 72 hours. Parasitized pupae were found to be the least affected individuals in the trial. Aloe vera oil was the least effective essential oil in the experiment. Eggs and nymphal stages of B. tabaci, O. laevigatus, E. formosa and E. eremicus were affected by aloe vera oil with mortality rates of 53.33%, 46%, 53%, 46% and 36%, respectively. Horse chestnut and cacao oils were harmful to the immature stages (egg, nymphal and pupal) of B. tabaci and all predator adults (M. pygmaeus, N. tenuis, O. laevigatus), but they had slightly harmful on parasitoid species in the experiment","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42576689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is commonly recognized by their heights, prevalence and long-term presence. Currently the demand for coconuts and these products is high all over the world, it is in this context that our research work is included in order to preserve and use the rich biological diversity of this palm. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of the environment on the morphology of different organs of the coconut palm. Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most important statistical tools for estimating the variations between the morphological characters of individuals, which are the basis for determining the degree of polymorphism, for detecting relationships between cultivars, and for evaluating the agronomic traits for the classification of coconuts. This study was conducted on twelve coconut genotypes spread over in the Sultanate of Oman and different thirty-nine qualitative and quantitative traits were evaluated. This data set was analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA) and UPGMA cluster. And these; the results revealed great variability in the expression of the vegetative (quantitative and qualitative) agromorphological characters related to the stipe, the leaf and the fruit. The results showed that local cultivar individuals were morphologically distinct, suggesting that it may be a polyclonal variety
{"title":"Characterization and evaluation of the diversity of local and imported coconut varieties collected from the Sultanate of Oman","authors":"S. Ghribi","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/23.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/23.266","url":null,"abstract":"Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is commonly recognized by their heights, prevalence and long-term presence. Currently the demand for coconuts and these products is high all over the world, it is in this context that our research work is included in order to preserve and use the rich biological diversity of this palm. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of the environment on the morphology of different organs of the coconut palm. Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most important statistical tools for estimating the variations between the morphological characters of individuals, which are the basis for determining the degree of polymorphism, for detecting relationships between cultivars, and for evaluating the agronomic traits for the classification of coconuts. This study was conducted on twelve coconut genotypes spread over in the Sultanate of Oman and different thirty-nine qualitative and quantitative traits were evaluated. This data set was analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA) and UPGMA cluster. And these; the results revealed great variability in the expression of the vegetative (quantitative and qualitative) agromorphological characters related to the stipe, the leaf and the fruit. The results showed that local cultivar individuals were morphologically distinct, suggesting that it may be a polyclonal variety","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47614921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital financial inclusion offers realistic possibilities to promote farmers’ entrepreneurship, although rural entrepreneurship is risky and uncertain. However, limited research has been conducted on farmers’ perceptions of subjective psychological states, and the use of digital financial inclusion and its effect on their entrepreneurship. Deriving insights from appraisal theory, this study explored the different roles of farmers’ subjective well-being and self-confidence in the influence of digital financial inclusion on their entrepreneurship. Empirical analysis based on data from 16,492 farmers showed that digital financial inclusion has a significant positive effect on farmers’ entrepreneurship and that this effect is enhanced by farmers’ selfconfidence but weakened by their subjective well-being. Our study expands the application scope of appraisal theory and enriches the research on digital financial inclusion and rural entrepreneurship
{"title":"Digital financial inclusion, Chinese farmers’ entrepreneurship well-being and selfconfidence: evidence from rural China","authors":"Wanming Chen","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/23.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/23.115","url":null,"abstract":"Digital financial inclusion offers realistic possibilities to promote farmers’ entrepreneurship, although rural entrepreneurship is risky and uncertain. However, limited research has been conducted on farmers’ perceptions of subjective psychological states, and the use of digital financial inclusion and its effect on their entrepreneurship. Deriving insights from appraisal theory, this study explored the different roles of farmers’ subjective well-being and self-confidence in the influence of digital financial inclusion on their entrepreneurship. Empirical analysis based on data from 16,492 farmers showed that digital financial inclusion has a significant positive effect on farmers’ entrepreneurship and that this effect is enhanced by farmers’ selfconfidence but weakened by their subjective well-being. Our study expands the application scope of appraisal theory and enriches the research on digital financial inclusion and rural entrepreneurship","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46123711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To promote the harmonious development of the economy, resources, and the ecological environment, it is imperative to improve the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of the dairy farming industry (DFI) in China. In this paper, the Global Malmquist–Luenberger (GML) productivity index method based on the directional distance function was used to calculate the GTFP of the DFI in China and its three main regions from 2007 to 2017, and the generalized least squares (GLS) model was used to explore the influencing factors of the GTFP of the DFI. The results show that (1) the GTFP of dairy farming fluctuates, with an average annual growth of 0.23% from 2007 to 2017. The source of this growth mainly came from technological progress, while technical efficiency deteriorated. (2) The GTFP of different provinces and the eastern, central, and western regions was affected by carbon emissions. (3) The GTFP of the DFI in the central and western regions also decreased in turn. From 2007 to 2017, the dairy industry in the eastern, central, and western regions achieved environmentally friendly technological progress. The difference between regions is reflected in the degree of the technical efficiency recession, considering carbon emissions. (4) The five factors of breeding scale, industrial structure, breeding technology level, urbanization process, and environmental regulation have different influences on the GTFP of the DFI in China and its three main regions. Improving the GTFP of dairy farming can promote the green, efficient, and healthy development of the DFI in China
{"title":"An empirical study on the measurement of green total factor productivity and its influencing factors in the dairy farming industry in China","authors":"Lei Wang","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/23.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/23.1006","url":null,"abstract":"To promote the harmonious development of the economy, resources, and the ecological environment, it is imperative to improve the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of the dairy farming industry (DFI) in China. In this paper, the Global Malmquist–Luenberger (GML) productivity index method based on the directional distance function was used to calculate the GTFP of the DFI in China and its three main regions from 2007 to 2017, and the generalized least squares (GLS) model was used to explore the influencing factors of the GTFP of the DFI. The results show that (1) the GTFP of dairy farming fluctuates, with an average annual growth of 0.23% from 2007 to 2017. The source of this growth mainly came from technological progress, while technical efficiency deteriorated. (2) The GTFP of different provinces and the eastern, central, and western regions was affected by carbon emissions. (3) The GTFP of the DFI in the central and western regions also decreased in turn. From 2007 to 2017, the dairy industry in the eastern, central, and western regions achieved environmentally friendly technological progress. The difference between regions is reflected in the degree of the technical efficiency recession, considering carbon emissions. (4) The five factors of breeding scale, industrial structure, breeding technology level, urbanization process, and environmental regulation have different influences on the GTFP of the DFI in China and its three main regions. Improving the GTFP of dairy farming can promote the green, efficient, and healthy development of the DFI in China","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48272487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study reports on the effectiveness of silage additive based on consortium Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L1a and Bacillus licheniformis WJ53A in comparison with three homofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Pediococcus acidilactici 12c, L. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L1a, and L. plantarum S1aR). For this purpose, the antagonistic activity of these isolated LAB was tested. The impact of the isolated LAB on silage acidity, organic acid content, and dry matter of silage was also determined. The fungal and bacterial DNA load in the conserved silages was estimated using quantitative PCR and their effects on the quality category of silage were evaluated. The obtained results showed all inoculants being effective in ensiling of maize with the consortium (L1a + WJ53A), showing a high lactic acid content (94.51%, P<0.0001) in comparison to control (88.28%, P<0.0001). The consortium also showed a lower acetic acid (5.49% to 10%, P=0.0002) and absolutely no butyric acid in respect to control silage (0% to 1.64%, P<0.0001). The qPCR results presented an increase in the final LAB DNA concentration of silage conserved with consortium (0.002487 ng, P=0.0002) when compared to control (0.001127 ng, P=0.0002) but did differ from the inoculant of L1a (0.001790 ng, P=0.0219). Also, the final fungal DNA concentration showed the effectiveness of the consortium by the reduction of fungal DNA in comparison to control (0.00027 ng against 0.00106 ng, P=0.0007). The most interesting result is the inhibition of clostridia growth based on the qPCR analysis which showed a lower clostridial DNA in silage inoculated with the consortium (P<0.001) against all the inoculants used in this study. This research shows the advantage of ensilaging with a consortium of a homofermentative LAB and a Bacillus strain B. licheniformis WJ53A which reduces the risk of clostridial infections in livestock farming
{"title":"Inhibitory effects of Bacillus licheniformis WJ53A and homofermentative lactic acid bacteria on clostridial growth in corn silage","authors":"D. M. Afordoanyi","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/23.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/23.85","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports on the effectiveness of silage additive based on consortium Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L1a and Bacillus licheniformis WJ53A in comparison with three homofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Pediococcus acidilactici 12c, L. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L1a, and L. plantarum S1aR). For this purpose, the antagonistic activity of these isolated LAB was tested. The impact of the isolated LAB on silage acidity, organic acid content, and dry matter of silage was also determined. The fungal and bacterial DNA load in the conserved silages was estimated using quantitative PCR and their effects on the quality category of silage were evaluated. The obtained results showed all inoculants being effective in ensiling of maize with the consortium (L1a + WJ53A), showing a high lactic acid content (94.51%, P<0.0001) in comparison to control (88.28%, P<0.0001). The consortium also showed a lower acetic acid (5.49% to 10%, P=0.0002) and absolutely no butyric acid in respect to control silage (0% to 1.64%, P<0.0001). The qPCR results presented an increase in the final LAB DNA concentration of silage conserved with consortium (0.002487 ng, P=0.0002) when compared to control (0.001127 ng, P=0.0002) but did differ from the inoculant of L1a (0.001790 ng, P=0.0219). Also, the final fungal DNA concentration showed the effectiveness of the consortium by the reduction of fungal DNA in comparison to control (0.00027 ng against 0.00106 ng, P=0.0007). The most interesting result is the inhibition of clostridia growth based on the qPCR analysis which showed a lower clostridial DNA in silage inoculated with the consortium (P<0.001) against all the inoculants used in this study. This research shows the advantage of ensilaging with a consortium of a homofermentative LAB and a Bacillus strain B. licheniformis WJ53A which reduces the risk of clostridial infections in livestock farming","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48027853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the cultivation process, the application of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers can effectively improve soil structure, soil fertility, nutrient absorption, and fruit quality. In this study, the effects of potassium fulvic acid and compound microbial inoculant in rapeseed cake fertilizer on soil bacteria in peach orchard were investigated. The results showed that the application of rapeseed cake fertilizer significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the soil. The results of functional prediction showed that rapeseed cake fertilizer and potassium fulvic acid used in conjunction could improve nitrogen fixation and carbon sequestration rates in soil. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of rapeseed cake fertilizer in peach tree cultivation
{"title":"Effects of rapeseed cake fertilizer on soil bacterial diversity and community structure in peach orchards","authors":"Ping Sun","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/23.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/23.92","url":null,"abstract":"In the cultivation process, the application of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers can effectively improve soil structure, soil fertility, nutrient absorption, and fruit quality. In this study, the effects of potassium fulvic acid and compound microbial inoculant in rapeseed cake fertilizer on soil bacteria in peach orchard were investigated. The results showed that the application of rapeseed cake fertilizer significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the soil. The results of functional prediction showed that rapeseed cake fertilizer and potassium fulvic acid used in conjunction could improve nitrogen fixation and carbon sequestration rates in soil. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of rapeseed cake fertilizer in peach tree cultivation","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48207538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the current study, strain D1 was screened from saline-alkali soil of grassland by the method of plate confrontation. The inhibition rates against Fusarium equiseti BS1 , Fusarium oxysporum BF28 , Fusarium oxysporum BF19 and Fusarium solami BF36-2 were 70.81% , 76.00% , 67.80% and 65.70% respectively. Strain D1 was identified as Streptomyces ciscaucasicus by observation of colony morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene. The results of antimicrobial spectrum showed that the strain had antagonistic effect against 9 kinds of plant pathogenic fungi. The control effect of the strain on alfalfa root rot was 52.8% and it could promote rooting. The results showed that the strain D1 had potential as a biological agent
{"title":"Biological control of root rots on alfalfa with Streptomyces","authors":"Lianna Liu","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/23.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/23.47","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, strain D1 was screened from saline-alkali soil of grassland by the method of plate confrontation. The inhibition rates against Fusarium equiseti BS1 , Fusarium oxysporum BF28 , Fusarium oxysporum BF19 and Fusarium solami BF36-2 were 70.81% , 76.00% , 67.80% and 65.70% respectively. Strain D1 was identified as Streptomyces ciscaucasicus by observation of colony morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene. The results of antimicrobial spectrum showed that the strain had antagonistic effect against 9 kinds of plant pathogenic fungi. The control effect of the strain on alfalfa root rot was 52.8% and it could promote rooting. The results showed that the strain D1 had potential as a biological agent","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43243527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miticidal action of hexythiazox has been investigated against three mites, Citrus Rust Mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Acari: Eriophyidae), False Spider Mite, Brevipalpus californicus (Banks) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and Citrus Brown Mite, Eutetranychus orientalis Klein (Acari: Tetranychidae), infesting citrus trees in the region of Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Three concentrations of hexythiazox, half of the recommended dose (HRD), the recommended dose (RD) and double recommended dose (DRD) were used against the selected mite species at immature and adult stages. Mortality data was recorded after regular intervals of a day till seven days of post-treatment application. Larvicidal action of the pesticide was observed in terms of post spray percentage of egg hatching. Trails regarding mortality of immature and adult mites were carried out under laboratory and field conditions. A maximum of 72.88% and 64.41% mortality was observed in immature mites of P. oleivora at RD under laboratory and field conditions respectively. The highest mortality of adult mites at RD was recorded again in P. oleivora that was 18.97 and 20.39% under laboratory and field conditions respectively, showing that mortality percentage was insignificant in adults. Under the same conditions, mortality of mites observed at HRD was non-significant and there was negligible increase in mortality when concentration was increased from RD to DRD. Success of hatching for the treated eggs of the three selected mites was observed in the range of 5.00 to 12.50% at the recommended dose. This indicated that hexythiazox has the significant potential of inhibiting hatching process. For the successful control over citrus mites, the appropriate time of spray is prehatching stage
研究了己硫氮唑对三种螨的杀螨作用，这三种螨分别是：柑桔锈螨、油叶螨（Acari:Eriophydae）、假蜘蛛螨、加利福尼亚短吻蛛（Banks）（Acari:Tenuipapledae）和柑桔褐螨、东方真叶螨（Eutetranychus orientalis Klein）。在未成熟和成年阶段，对选定的螨种使用三种浓度的己噻唑、一半推荐剂量（HRD）、推荐剂量（RD）和双倍推荐剂量（DRD）。在治疗后应用一天至七天的定期间隔后记录死亡率数据。根据喷雾后孵化卵的百分比观察了杀虫剂的杀幼虫作用。在实验室和野外条件下进行了关于未成熟和成年螨死亡率的试验。在实验室和田间条件下，在RD中观察到食油P.oleivora未成熟螨的最高死亡率分别为72.88%和64.41%。在实验室和野外条件下，食油P.oleivora再次记录到RD时成年螨的最高死亡率，分别为18.97%和20.39%，表明成年螨的死亡率不显著。在相同条件下，HRD时观察到的螨虫死亡率并不显著，当浓度从RD增加到DRD时，死亡率的增加可以忽略不计。在推荐剂量下，观察到三种选定螨的处理卵孵化成功率在5.00%至12.50%之间。这表明己噻唑具有显著的抑制孵化过程的潜力。为了成功控制柑桔螨，喷雾的适当时间是预捕阶段
{"title":"Effects of Hexythiazox on Different Stages of Mites Infesting Orange Trees","authors":"S. Alhewairini","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/23.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/23.398","url":null,"abstract":"Miticidal action of hexythiazox has been investigated against three mites, Citrus Rust Mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Acari: Eriophyidae), False Spider Mite, Brevipalpus californicus (Banks) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and Citrus Brown Mite, Eutetranychus orientalis Klein (Acari: Tetranychidae), infesting citrus trees in the region of Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Three concentrations of hexythiazox, half of the recommended dose (HRD), the recommended dose (RD) and double recommended dose (DRD) were used against the selected mite species at immature and adult stages. Mortality data was recorded after regular intervals of a day till seven days of post-treatment application. Larvicidal action of the pesticide was observed in terms of post spray percentage of egg hatching. Trails regarding mortality of immature and adult mites were carried out under laboratory and field conditions. A maximum of 72.88% and 64.41% mortality was observed in immature mites of P. oleivora at RD under laboratory and field conditions respectively. The highest mortality of adult mites at RD was recorded again in P. oleivora that was 18.97 and 20.39% under laboratory and field conditions respectively, showing that mortality percentage was insignificant in adults. Under the same conditions, mortality of mites observed at HRD was non-significant and there was negligible increase in mortality when concentration was increased from RD to DRD. Success of hatching for the treated eggs of the three selected mites was observed in the range of 5.00 to 12.50% at the recommended dose. This indicated that hexythiazox has the significant potential of inhibiting hatching process. For the successful control over citrus mites, the appropriate time of spray is prehatching stage","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42071670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rapid development of economy, the performance appraisal of human resource management in agricultural enterprises has gained more attention. Based on the convolutional neural network theory, this paper constructs the benefit evaluation system of human resource management in agricultural enterprises, determines the weight to obtain the comprehensive benefit result, and then obtains the evaluation level. According to the main factors affecting the human resource benefit of agricultural enterprises, the model designed the input and output indexes of the efficiency evaluation of single well of production capacity construction, and solved the problem of measuring the informatization ability of human resource management in agricultural enterprises. In the simulation process, the convolutional neural network designed the evaluation index of the index system. According to the different contribution and importance degree to the system security, the difference between the evaluation index can be expressed by assigning different weight values. Secondly, for items with similar loads on multiple factors or with low loads on a single factor, it was adopted to obtain a scale consisting of 54 items, including 15 items in interpersonal skills sub-scale, 16 items in learning development sub-scale and 23 items in growth driver sub-scale. The experimental results show that the convolutional neural network training can obtain the reasonable scale value of the test sample management area. The evaluation index of the model prediction effect shows that the absolute relative error, maximum absolute relative error and average absolute relative error are all within 5%, and the equality coefficient is 0.9845, which is greater than 0.9, indicating that the reasonable scale predicted value has a high degree of fitting with the expected value. The prediction results of the model are ideal, which effectively improves the accuracy of benefit evaluation
{"title":"Benefit evaluation of human resource management in agricultural enterprises based on convolutional neural network","authors":"Ning Zhang","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/23.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/23.102","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of economy, the performance appraisal of human resource management in agricultural enterprises has gained more attention. Based on the convolutional neural network theory, this paper constructs the benefit evaluation system of human resource management in agricultural enterprises, determines the weight to obtain the comprehensive benefit result, and then obtains the evaluation level. According to the main factors affecting the human resource benefit of agricultural enterprises, the model designed the input and output indexes of the efficiency evaluation of single well of production capacity construction, and solved the problem of measuring the informatization ability of human resource management in agricultural enterprises. In the simulation process, the convolutional neural network designed the evaluation index of the index system. According to the different contribution and importance degree to the system security, the difference between the evaluation index can be expressed by assigning different weight values. Secondly, for items with similar loads on multiple factors or with low loads on a single factor, it was adopted to obtain a scale consisting of 54 items, including 15 items in interpersonal skills sub-scale, 16 items in learning development sub-scale and 23 items in growth driver sub-scale. The experimental results show that the convolutional neural network training can obtain the reasonable scale value of the test sample management area. The evaluation index of the model prediction effect shows that the absolute relative error, maximum absolute relative error and average absolute relative error are all within 5%, and the equality coefficient is 0.9845, which is greater than 0.9, indicating that the reasonable scale predicted value has a high degree of fitting with the expected value. The prediction results of the model are ideal, which effectively improves the accuracy of benefit evaluation","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41429154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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