M. Kobiyama, Airong Wang, H. Yoshinaga, K. Iijima, Yoshiomi Ito, Ryu Takahashi
We must develop many techniques for the usage of a natural energy from the viewpoint of energy saving and keeping environment clean. In this study, we developed a simple system that could control both temperature and humidity of a general office, when we could use snow stored until summer as a cold heat source of an air-conditioner. In this report, we adopted a most simple analytical model of all air, central control and variable air volume type air-conditioner which had a blower and a single duct in order to investigate the basic characteristics, and we examined temperature and humidity analytically. As a result, the temperature of the air conditioner area could be achieved 17°C of air at the entrance and 27°C at the exit which temperatures were purposed in this analysis. However, the mean humidity of 60% could not be achieved under lower fresh air humidity than 55%, and the mean humidity became the near to the humidity of fresh air. Because this snow air-conditioning system has excellent controllable characteristics and succeeds a filter effect at the snow surface, we can hold expectation to spread this system in a snowy district widely.
{"title":"The Fundamental Study on the Control System of Temperature and Humidity of All-air Type Snow Air-conditioner (In the Case of All-air I Type .ALPHA..BETA. Control System)","authors":"M. Kobiyama, Airong Wang, H. Yoshinaga, K. Iijima, Yoshiomi Ito, Ryu Takahashi","doi":"10.4106/JSSE.24.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4106/JSSE.24.12","url":null,"abstract":"We must develop many techniques for the usage of a natural energy from the viewpoint of energy saving and keeping environment clean. In this study, we developed a simple system that could control both temperature and humidity of a general office, when we could use snow stored until summer as a cold heat source of an air-conditioner. In this report, we adopted a most simple analytical model of all air, central control and variable air volume type air-conditioner which had a blower and a single duct in order to investigate the basic characteristics, and we examined temperature and humidity analytically. As a result, the temperature of the air conditioner area could be achieved 17°C of air at the entrance and 27°C at the exit which temperatures were purposed in this analysis. However, the mean humidity of 60% could not be achieved under lower fresh air humidity than 55%, and the mean humidity became the near to the humidity of fresh air. Because this snow air-conditioning system has excellent controllable characteristics and succeeds a filter effect at the snow surface, we can hold expectation to spread this system in a snowy district widely.","PeriodicalId":199097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Snow Engineering of Japan","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129163500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paying attention to the shallow ground heat inside a tunnel, a Horizontal U-Tube (HUT) road heating system was introduced for the first time in Japan in order to prevent winter traffic accidents associated with road freezing at the west side mouth of Nanaori-Toge tunnel, Aizu-bange, Fukushima Prefecture. Horizontal U-tubes were buried at a depth of 1.2 m in the ground of the central part of the tunnel. The ground heat extracted by the HUT is injected into the anti-freezing pavement at the tunnel mouth.In this study, attempts were made to propose a simplified heat transfer model of HUT system. The proposed model consists of the energy balance equations of the fluid circulating in the HUT and the surrounding ground. Solving these two equations simultaneously, the extracted ground heat could be calculated as well as the fluid and ground temperatures. The model could also lead the overall heat transfer coefficient between the fluid and the surrounding ground. The validity of the model was accepted from the comparison with indoor experimental results using a miniature HUT.
{"title":"Simplified Heat Transfer Model of Horizontal U-Tube (HUT) System","authors":"Md.Saiful Islam, T. Fukuhara, Hiroshi Watanabe","doi":"10.4106/JSSE.23.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4106/JSSE.23.232","url":null,"abstract":"Paying attention to the shallow ground heat inside a tunnel, a Horizontal U-Tube (HUT) road heating system was introduced for the first time in Japan in order to prevent winter traffic accidents associated with road freezing at the west side mouth of Nanaori-Toge tunnel, Aizu-bange, Fukushima Prefecture. Horizontal U-tubes were buried at a depth of 1.2 m in the ground of the central part of the tunnel. The ground heat extracted by the HUT is injected into the anti-freezing pavement at the tunnel mouth.In this study, attempts were made to propose a simplified heat transfer model of HUT system. The proposed model consists of the energy balance equations of the fluid circulating in the HUT and the surrounding ground. Solving these two equations simultaneously, the extracted ground heat could be calculated as well as the fluid and ground temperatures. The model could also lead the overall heat transfer coefficient between the fluid and the surrounding ground. The validity of the model was accepted from the comparison with indoor experimental results using a miniature HUT.","PeriodicalId":199097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Snow Engineering of Japan","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126257537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md.Saiful Islam, T. Fukuhara, Hiroshi Watanabe, A. Nakamura
A temperature controlled pavement has a significant requirement for preventing road from freezing, and for avoiding winter traffic accidents at specific places. For example, a slip accident at tunnel mouth frequently occurs in winter and causes serious danger for human life and a heavy traffic jam. A Horizontal U-Tube (HUT) road heating system was introduced in order to prevent traffic accidents associated with a road freezing at the west side mouth of Nanaori-Toge tunnel, Aizu-bange, Fukushima Prefecture in Japan. A group of Horizontal U-tubes were buried at a depth of 1.2 m in the ground of the central part of the tunnel. The ground heat extracted by the HUT is injected into the anti-freezing pavement blocks made of concrete at the tunnel mouth through a heat injection pipe mounted in each block. Extensive field experiments have been carried out to investigate the pavement surface temperature, extracted ground heat and micro-meteorological characteristics inside and outside the tunnel. This paper presents the field experimental results at Nanaori-Toge tunnel regarding road anti-freezing and ground heat extraction performance of the HUT system. Even when air temperature was 4 °C lower than the freezing point, the anti-freezing pavement connected with the HUT could keep positive. It is concluded that the HUT road heating system using shallow ground heat in the tunnel is effective in preventing the road surface freezing at tunnel mouth.
{"title":"Horizontal U-Tube Road Heating System using Tunnel Ground Heat","authors":"Md.Saiful Islam, T. Fukuhara, Hiroshi Watanabe, A. Nakamura","doi":"10.4106/JSSE.22.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4106/JSSE.22.229","url":null,"abstract":"A temperature controlled pavement has a significant requirement for preventing road from freezing, and for avoiding winter traffic accidents at specific places. For example, a slip accident at tunnel mouth frequently occurs in winter and causes serious danger for human life and a heavy traffic jam. A Horizontal U-Tube (HUT) road heating system was introduced in order to prevent traffic accidents associated with a road freezing at the west side mouth of Nanaori-Toge tunnel, Aizu-bange, Fukushima Prefecture in Japan. A group of Horizontal U-tubes were buried at a depth of 1.2 m in the ground of the central part of the tunnel. The ground heat extracted by the HUT is injected into the anti-freezing pavement blocks made of concrete at the tunnel mouth through a heat injection pipe mounted in each block. Extensive field experiments have been carried out to investigate the pavement surface temperature, extracted ground heat and micro-meteorological characteristics inside and outside the tunnel. This paper presents the field experimental results at Nanaori-Toge tunnel regarding road anti-freezing and ground heat extraction performance of the HUT system. Even when air temperature was 4 °C lower than the freezing point, the anti-freezing pavement connected with the HUT could keep positive. It is concluded that the HUT road heating system using shallow ground heat in the tunnel is effective in preventing the road surface freezing at tunnel mouth.","PeriodicalId":199097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Snow Engineering of Japan","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131148853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study on Introducion of TDM Strategies in the Snowfall City","authors":"Misuzu Kozuka, Y. Honda","doi":"10.4106/JSSE.21.5_271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4106/JSSE.21.5_271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":199097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Snow Engineering of Japan","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131474388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Aoyama, Tomohiro Kimura, Takami Inotsume, M. Fukuda, Yumi Sakai, Chouko Kawahara
{"title":"Perspective on Disaster Mitigation Considering Cryogenic Circumstance in Case of 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu Earthquake","authors":"K. Aoyama, Tomohiro Kimura, Takami Inotsume, M. Fukuda, Yumi Sakai, Chouko Kawahara","doi":"10.4106/JSSE.21.5_301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4106/JSSE.21.5_301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":199097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Snow Engineering of Japan","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121857177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fujimoto, Hiroshi Watanabe, T. Fukuhara, Toshiya Takeshi, Kazuharu Kobayashi, N. Miyazaki, Akiko Ogawa, M. Asano
SYNOPSIS The purpose of this study is to investigate the validity of slide-friction measurement on winter roads by the MASS vehicle from joint tests using a slide friction-measurement bus with an instrument-embedded wheel mounted to its body (5th wheel bus) and to investigate the effect of physical properties of the snow/ice on a road surface on the sliding friction coefficient. It is concluded that the sliding friction coefficient by the MASS vehicle agrees with that by the 5th wheel bus on horizontal roads, and that the effect of road inclination on the sliding friction coefficient is negligible for the MASS vehicle but significant for the 5th wheel bus. Moreover, it is found from an indoor experiment and the present field tests that the value of sliding friction coefficient depends on the height of the sherbet layer on a road surface. In case of the no contact of tires and pavement surface because of a deep sherbet layer, the sliding friction coefficient decreases with the increment of the mass ice content in the sherbet.
{"title":"Relation between Sliding Friction and Snow/Ice on Winter Roads using Multi-Axial Sensing System Vehicle","authors":"A. Fujimoto, Hiroshi Watanabe, T. Fukuhara, Toshiya Takeshi, Kazuharu Kobayashi, N. Miyazaki, Akiko Ogawa, M. Asano","doi":"10.4106/JSSE.21.5_282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4106/JSSE.21.5_282","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS The purpose of this study is to investigate the validity of slide-friction measurement on winter roads by the MASS vehicle from joint tests using a slide friction-measurement bus with an instrument-embedded wheel mounted to its body (5th wheel bus) and to investigate the effect of physical properties of the snow/ice on a road surface on the sliding friction coefficient. It is concluded that the sliding friction coefficient by the MASS vehicle agrees with that by the 5th wheel bus on horizontal roads, and that the effect of road inclination on the sliding friction coefficient is negligible for the MASS vehicle but significant for the 5th wheel bus. Moreover, it is found from an indoor experiment and the present field tests that the value of sliding friction coefficient depends on the height of the sherbet layer on a road surface. In case of the no contact of tires and pavement surface because of a deep sherbet layer, the sliding friction coefficient decreases with the increment of the mass ice content in the sherbet.","PeriodicalId":199097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Snow Engineering of Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128934295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toshimichi Kobayashi, S. Kawabata, Kazuhiko Hosokawa, S. Hoshiba, T. Tomabechi
小 林 敏 道*1・ 川 端 伸 一 郎*2 Toshimichi Kobayashi Shinichiro Kawabata 細 川 和 彦*3・ 干 場 信 司*4 Kazuhiko Hosokawa Shinji Hoshiba 苫 米 地 司*5 Tsukasa Tomabechi ABSTRACT The ratio of foundation cost to total cost is high in cold regions subject to ground damage due to frost heave. This is because a continuous footing is selected for foundations, and embedment depth is made larger than frost penetration depth to increase the resistance to frost heave. In this study, a freeing survey was conducted on the ground in various buildings housing livestock, and a method for preventing frost heave that allows a simplified structure was proposed. Survey results revealed that the freezing environment inside the livestock building was harsher than that outside. It was also found that the inside freezing environment changed with changing building usage. The study results show the freezing characteristics under each condition and the relationship between freezing index and frost penetration depth. A method is proposed for selecting a construction method for livestock buildings that prevents frost heave.
{"title":"Study on Frost Heave Preventative Method of Livestock Buildings in Cold Region","authors":"Toshimichi Kobayashi, S. Kawabata, Kazuhiko Hosokawa, S. Hoshiba, T. Tomabechi","doi":"10.4106/JSSE.21.5_292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4106/JSSE.21.5_292","url":null,"abstract":"小 林 敏 道*1・ 川 端 伸 一 郎*2 Toshimichi Kobayashi Shinichiro Kawabata 細 川 和 彦*3・ 干 場 信 司*4 Kazuhiko Hosokawa Shinji Hoshiba 苫 米 地 司*5 Tsukasa Tomabechi ABSTRACT The ratio of foundation cost to total cost is high in cold regions subject to ground damage due to frost heave. This is because a continuous footing is selected for foundations, and embedment depth is made larger than frost penetration depth to increase the resistance to frost heave. In this study, a freeing survey was conducted on the ground in various buildings housing livestock, and a method for preventing frost heave that allows a simplified structure was proposed. Survey results revealed that the freezing environment inside the livestock building was harsher than that outside. It was also found that the inside freezing environment changed with changing building usage. The study results show the freezing characteristics under each condition and the relationship between freezing index and frost penetration depth. A method is proposed for selecting a construction method for livestock buildings that prevents frost heave.","PeriodicalId":199097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Snow Engineering of Japan","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127616371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Freeze Road Surface Measures by Pavements","authors":"Jun Takou, T. Ishida","doi":"10.4106/JSSE.21.5_349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4106/JSSE.21.5_349","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":199097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Snow Engineering of Japan","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122930023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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